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Luo W, Sun C, Yang S, Chen W, Sun Y, Li Z, Liu J, Tao W, Tao J. Contrasting range changes and drivers of four forest foundation species under future climate change in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 942:173784. [PMID: 38851330 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Forest foundation species, vital for shaping community structure and dynamics through non-trophic level interactions, are key to forest succession and sustainability. Despite their ecological importance, the habitat ranges of these species in China and their responses to future climate change remain unclear. Our study employed the optimal MaxEnt model to assess the range shifts and their essential drivers of four typical forest foundation species from three climatic zones in China under climate scenarios, including Acer tegmentosum, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum (temperate zone), Quercus glandulifera (subtropical zone), and Ficus hispida (tropical zone). The optimal MaxEnt model exhibited high evaluation indices (AUC values > 0.90) for the four foundation species, indicating excellent predictive performance. Currently, we observed that A. tegmentosum and A. pseudo-sieboldianum are predominantly inhabited temperate forest areas in northeastern China, Q. glandulifera is primarily concentrated in subtropical forests in southeastern China, and F. hispida is mainly distributed across the tropical forests in southern China. Climate factors, particularly temperature, emerged as the primary environmental factors influencing the potential range of forest foundation species. Moreover, precipitation strongly influenced the potential range of A. tegmentosum and A. pseudo-sieboldianum, while elevation exhibited a greater impact on the range of Q. glandulifera and F. hispida. Under future climate scenarios, suitable areas for A. tegmentosum and A. pseudo-sieboldianum tend to expand southward, F. hispida tends to expand northward, while Q. glandulifera exhibited a tendency to contract towards the center. This study advances our understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of forest foundation species in China under climate change, providing critical insights for conservation efforts and sustainable forest management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixue Luo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Chengxiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenke Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zongfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jinchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Wenjing Tao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jianping Tao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Mousavi SS, Karami A, Maggi F. Photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of Iranian licorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra l.) accessions under salinity stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:984944. [PMID: 36275588 PMCID: PMC9585319 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.984944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
While salinity is increasingly becoming a prominent concern in arable farms around the globe, various treatments can be used for the mitigation of salt stress. Here, the effective presence of Azotobacter sp. inoculation (A1) and absence of inoculation (A0) was evaluated on Iranian licorice plants under NaCl stress (0 and 200 mM) (S0 and S1, respectively). In this regard, 16 Iranian licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) accessions were evaluated for the effects on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence. Leaf samples were measured for photosynthetic pigments (via a spectrophotometer), stomatal and trichome-related features (via SEM), along with several other morphological and biochemical features. The results revealed an increase in the amount of carotenoids that was caused by bacterial inoculation, which was 28.3% higher than the non-inoculated treatment. Maximum initial fluorescence intensity (F0) (86.7) was observed in the 'Bardsir' accession. Meanwhile, the highest variable fluorescence (Fv), maximal fluorescence intensity (Fm), and maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) (0.3, 0.4, and 0.8, respectively) were observed in the 'Eghlid' accession. Regarding anatomical observations of the leaf structure, salinity reduced stomatal density but increased trichome density. Under the effect of bacterial inoculation, salinity stress was mitigated. With the effect of bacterial inoculation under salinity stress, stomatal length and width increased, compared to the condition of no bacterial inoculation. Minimum malondialdehyde content was observed in 'Mahabad' accession (17.8 μmol/g FW). Principle component analysis (PCA) showed that 'Kashmar', 'Sepidan', 'Bajgah', 'Kermanshah', and 'Taft' accessions were categorized in the same group while being characterized by better performance in the aerial parts of plants. Taken together, the present results generally indicated that selecting the best genotypes, along with exogenous applications of Azotobacter, can improve the outcomes of licorice cultivation for industrial purposes under harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Sasan Mousavi
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Akbar Karami
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Filippo Maggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Zheng X, Niklas KJ, Ratkowsky DA, Jiao Y, Ding H, Shi P. Comparison of Leaf Shape between a Photinia Hybrid and One of Its Parents. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2370. [PMID: 36145770 PMCID: PMC9505227 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Leaf shape and size can vary between hybrids and their parents. However, this has seldom been quantitatively tested. Photinia × fraseri is an important landscaping plant in East Asia as a hybrid between evergreen shrubs P. glabra and P. serratifolia. Its leaf shape looks like that of P. serratifolia. To investigate leaf shape, we used a general equation for calculating the leaf area (A) of broad-leaved plants, which assumes a proportional relationship between A and product of lamina length (L) and width (W). The proportionality coefficient (which is referred to as the Montgomery parameter) serves as a quantitative indicator of leaf shape, because it reflects the proportion of leaf area A to the area of a rectangle with L and W as its side lengths. The ratio of L to W, and the ellipticalness index were also used to quantify the complexity of leaf shape for elliptical leaves. A total of >4000 leaves from P. × fraseri and P. serratifolia (with >2000 leaves for each taxon) collected on a monthly basis was used to examine: (i) whether there is a significant difference in leaf shape between the two taxa, and (ii) whether there is a monotonic or parabolic trend in leaf shape across leaf ages. There was a significant difference in leaf shape between the two taxa (p < 0.05). Although there were significant differences in leaf shape on a monthly basis, the variation in leaf shape over time was not large, i.e., leaf shape was relatively stable over time for both taxa. However, the leaf shape of the hybrid was significantly different from its parent P. serratifolia, which has wider and more elliptical leaves than the hybrid. This work demonstrates that variations in leaf shape resulting from hybridization can be rigorously quantified and compared among species and their hybrids. In addition, this work shows that leaf shape does not changes as a function of age either before or after the full expansion of the lamina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zheng
- Research Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Biosafety, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Karl J. Niklas
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - David A. Ratkowsky
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart 7001, Australia
| | - Yabing Jiao
- Bamboo Research Institute, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Research Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Biosafety, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Peijian Shi
- Bamboo Research Institute, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Koyama K, Smith DD. Scaling the leaf length-times-width equation to predict total leaf area of shoots. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 130:215-230. [PMID: 35350072 PMCID: PMC9445601 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS An individual plant consists of different-sized shoots, each of which consists of different-sized leaves. To predict plant-level physiological responses from the responses of individual leaves, modelling this within-shoot leaf size variation is necessary. Within-plant leaf trait variation has been well investigated in canopy photosynthesis models but less so in plant allometry. Therefore, integration of these two different approaches is needed. METHODS We focused on an established leaf-level relationship that the area of an individual leaf lamina is proportional to the product of its length and width. The geometric interpretation of this equation is that different-sized leaf laminas from a single species share the same basic form. Based on this shared basic form, we synthesized a new length-times-width equation predicting total shoot leaf area from the collective dimensions of leaves that comprise a shoot. Furthermore, we showed that several previously established empirical relationships, including the allometric relationships between total shoot leaf area, maximum individual leaf length within the shoot and total leaf number of the shoot, can be unified under the same geometric argument. We tested the model predictions using five species, all of which have simple leaves, selected from diverse taxa (Magnoliids, monocots and eudicots) and from different growth forms (trees, erect herbs and rosette herbs). KEY RESULTS For all five species, the length-times-width equation explained within-species variation of total leaf area of a shoot with high accuracy (R2 > 0.994). These strong relationships existed despite leaf dimensions scaling very differently between species. We also found good support for all derived predictions from the model (R2 > 0.85). CONCLUSIONS Our model can be incorporated to improve previous models of allometry that do not consider within-shoot size variation of individual leaves, providing a cross-scale linkage between individual leaf-size variation and shoot-size variation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Duncan D Smith
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 430 Lincoln Dr., Madison, WI, USA
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Ben Amor A, Rahmani R, Bennani L, Ben Yahia L, Ben Atia Zrouga K, Chaira N, Nagaz K. Investigation of phenolic compounds potential to reduce dust pollution of pomegranate trees. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:430-440. [PMID: 35786086 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2089090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study was carried out in two seasons from two areas at different distances from the industrial zone of Gabes city which is classified as a Mediterranean host-spot pollution region. Pomegranate tree were highly exposed to various industrial air pollutants containing Zn and Cu. The relation between Zn, Cu, morphological, physiological and biochemical changes induced in pomegranate leaves was evaluated based to the measurement of leaf heavy metals, leaf changes, total phenolic content and quali-quantification of individual phenol profile by LC-ESI-MS.Results showed that the highest levels of metals were found in the closet site to the industrial area. This accumulation varied significantly between areas and seasons and cause significant increase of necrosis leaf area, decrease of leaf area, green leaf area and specific leaf area. LC-ESI-MS analysis showed a spatial and seasonal variation of total phenolic acids and flavonoids which indicate that phenolic compounds are rigorously depending to stressful conditions. A significant positive correlation was found among total Zn, Cu, necrosis, cirsiliol, caffeic and trans-ferulic acids. This accumulation can serve as protective defensive mechanism to minimize the air pollutants effects, chelate Zn and Cu and then to improve the resistance of pomegranate trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afef Ben Amor
- Drylands and Oases Cropping Laboratory, Institute of Arid Regions of Medenine, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Rami Rahmani
- Research Laboratory of Valorization of Active Biomolecules, Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Leila Bennani
- Drylands and Oases Cropping Laboratory, Institute of Arid Regions of Medenine, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Leila Ben Yahia
- Drylands and Oases Cropping Laboratory, Institute of Arid Regions of Medenine, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Khaoula Ben Atia Zrouga
- Department of Horticultural Sciences and Landscape, High Institute of Agronomic Sciences of Chott Meriem, Sousse University, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Chaira
- Drylands and Oases Cropping Laboratory, Institute of Arid Regions of Medenine, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Nagaz
- Drylands and Oases Cropping Laboratory, Institute of Arid Regions of Medenine, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
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Yu K, Reddy GVP, Schrader J, Guo X, Li Y, Jiao Y, Shi P. A nondestructive method of calculating the wing area of insects. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8792. [PMID: 35386866 PMCID: PMC8975793 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Most insects engage in winged flight. Wing loading, that is, the ratio of body mass to total wing area, has been demonstrated to reflect flight maneuverability. High maneuverability is an important survival trait, allowing insects to escape natural enemies and to compete for mates. In some ecological field experiments, there is a need to calculate the wing area of insects without killing them. However, fast, nondestructive estimation of wing area for insects is not available based on past work. The Montgomery equation (ME), which assumes a proportional relationship between leaf area and the product of leaf length and width, is frequently used to calculate leaf area of plants, in crops with entire linear, lanceolate leaves. Recently, the ME was proved to apply to leaves with more complex shapes from plants that do not have any needle leaves. Given that the wings of insects are similar in shape to broad leaves, we tested the validity of the ME approach in calculating the wing area of insects using three species of cicadas common in eastern China. We compared the actual area of the cicadas’ wings with the estimates provided by six potential models used for wing area calculation, and we found that the ME performed best, based on the trade‐off between model structure and goodness of fit. At the species level, the estimates for the proportionality coefficients of ME for three cicada species were 0.686, 0.693, and 0.715, respectively. There was a significant difference in the proportionality coefficients between any two species. Our method provides a simple and powerful approach for the nondestructive estimation of insect wing area, which is also valuable in quantifying wing morphological features of insects. The present study provides a nondestructive approach to estimating the wing area of insects, allowing them to be used in mark and recapture experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Yu
- College of Biology and the Environment Bamboo Research Institute Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Gadi V. P. Reddy
- USDA‐ARS‐Southern Insect Management Research Unit Stoneville Mississippi USA
| | - Julian Schrader
- School of Natural Sciences Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Xuchen Guo
- College of Biology and the Environment Bamboo Research Institute Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Yirong Li
- College of Biology and the Environment Bamboo Research Institute Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Yabing Jiao
- College of Biology and the Environment Bamboo Research Institute Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Peijian Shi
- College of Biology and the Environment Bamboo Research Institute Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
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Luo Q, Ma Y, Chen Z, Xie H, Wang Y, Zhou L, Ma Y. Biochemical responses of hairgrass ( Deschampsia caespitosa) to hydrological change. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:987845. [PMID: 36226294 PMCID: PMC9549154 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.987845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development are closely related to water availability. Water deficit and water excess are detrimental to plants, causing a series of damage to plant morphology, physiological and biochemical processes. In the long evolutionary process, plants have evolved an array of complex mechanisms to combat against stressful conditions. In the present study, the duration-dependent changes in ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) contents and activities of enzymes involved in the AsA-GSH cycle in hairgrass (Deschampsia caespitosa) in response to water stress was investigated in a pot trial using a complete random block design. The treatments were as follows: (1) heavily waterlogging, (2) moderate waterlogging, (3) light waterlogging, (4) light drought, (5) moderate drought, (6) heavily drought, and (7) a control (CK) with plant be maintained at optimum water availability. The hairgrass plants were subjected to waterlogging or drought for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days and data were measured following treatment. Results revealed that hairgrass subjected to water stress can stimulate enzymatic activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and L-galactono-1, 4-lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH), switched on the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle and the L-galactose synthesis, up-regulated the contents of AsA and GSH, and maintained higher ratios of ascorbate to dehydroascorbate (AsA/DHA) and reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) to alleviate potential oxidative damage. However, the light waterlogging did not induce hairgrass under stress to switch on the AsA-GSH pathway. In general, the critic substances and enzyme activities in AsA-GSH metabolic pathway increased as the increase of water stress intensity. As the increase of exposure duration, the critic antioxidant substances content and enzyme activities increased first and then maintained a relatively stable higher level. Our findings provide comprehensive information on biochemical responses of hairgrass to hydrological change, which would be a major step for accelerating ecological restoration of degradation alpine marshes in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yonggui Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Huichun Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Yanlong Wang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Lianyu Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Yushou Ma
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- *Correspondence: Yushou Ma,
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Zhu J, Xu J, Cao Y, Fu J, Li B, Sun G, Zhang X, Xu C. Leaf reflectance and functional traits as environmental indicators of urban dust deposition. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:533. [PMID: 34773986 PMCID: PMC8590267 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03308-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND How to quickly predict and evaluate urban dust deposition is the key to the control of urban atmospheric environment. Here, we focus on changes of plant reflectance and plant functional traits due to dust deposition, and develop a prediction model of dust deposition based on these traits. RESULTS The results showed that (1) The average dust deposition per unit area of Ligustrum quihoui leaves was significantly different among urban environments (street (18.1001 g/m2), community (14.5597 g/m2) and park (9.7661 g/m2)). Among different urban environments, leaf reflectance curves tends to be consistent, but there were significant differences in leaf reflectance values (park (0.052-0.585) > community (0.028-0.477) > street (0.025-0.203)). (2) There were five major reflection peaks and five major absorption valleys. (3) The spectral reflectances before and after dust removal were significantly different (clean leaves > dust-stagnant leaves). 695 ~ 1400 nm was the sensitive range of spectral response. (4) Dust deposition has significant influence on slope and position of red edge. Red edge slope was park > community > street. After dust deposition, the red edge position has obviously "blue shift". The moving distance of the red edge position increases with the increase of dust deposition. The forecast model of dust deposition amount established by simple ratio index (y = 2.517x + 0.381, R2 = 0.787, RMSE (root-mean-square error) = 0.187. In the model, y refers to dust retention, x refers to simple ratio index.) has an average accuracy of 99.98%. (5) With the increase of dust deposition, the specific leaf area and chlorophyll content index decreased gradually. The leaf dry matter content, leaf tissue density and leaf thickness increased gradually. CONCLUSION In the dust-polluted environment, L. quihoui generally presents a combination of characters with lower specific leaf area, chlorophyll content index, and higher leaf dry matter content, leaf tissue density and leaf thickness. Leaf reflectance spectroscopy and functional traits have been proved to be effective in evaluating the changes of urban dust deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyou Zhu
- Research Center for Urban Forestry, The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem of State Forestry and Grassland Administration , Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jingliang Xu
- Research Center for Urban Forestry, The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem of State Forestry and Grassland Administration , Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yujuan Cao
- Research Center for Urban Forestry, The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem of State Forestry and Grassland Administration , Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Research Center for Urban Forestry, The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem of State Forestry and Grassland Administration , Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Benling Li
- Production and Operation Management Department, China Communications Construction Company, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Guangpeng Sun
- Research Center for Urban Forestry, The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem of State Forestry and Grassland Administration , Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinna Zhang
- Research Center for Urban Forestry, The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem of State Forestry and Grassland Administration , Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chengyang Xu
- Research Center for Urban Forestry, The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem of State Forestry and Grassland Administration , Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Schrader J, Shi P, Royer DL, Peppe DJ, Gallagher RV, Li Y, Wang R, Wright IJ. Leaf size estimation based on leaf length, width and shape. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 128:395-406. [PMID: 34157097 PMCID: PMC8414912 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Leaf size has considerable ecological relevance, making it desirable to obtain leaf size estimations for as many species worldwide as possible. Current global databases, such as TRY, contain leaf size data for ~30 000 species, which is only ~8% of known species worldwide. Yet, taxonomic descriptions exist for the large majority of the remainder. Here we propose a simple method to exploit information on leaf length, width and shape from species descriptions to robustly estimate leaf areas, thus closing this considerable knowledge gap for this important plant functional trait. METHODS Using a global dataset of all major leaf shapes measured on 3125 leaves from 780 taxa, we quantified scaling functions that estimate leaf size as a product of leaf length, width and a leaf shape-specific correction factor. We validated our method by comparing leaf size estimates with those obtained from image recognition software and compared our approach with the widely used correction factor of 2/3. KEY RESULTS Correction factors ranged from 0.39 for highly dissected, lobed leaves to 0.79 for oblate leaves. Leaf size estimation using leaf shape-specific correction factors was more accurate and precise than estimates obtained from the correction factor of 2/3. CONCLUSION Our method presents a tractable solution to accurately estimate leaf size when only information on leaf length, width and shape is available or when labour and time constraints prevent usage of image recognition software. We see promise in applying our method to data from species descriptions (including from fossils), databases, field work and on herbarium vouchers, especially when non-destructive in situ measurements are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schrader
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
- Department of Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Peijian Shi
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P.R. China
| | - Dana L Royer
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA
| | - Daniel J Peppe
- Terrestrial Paleoclimatology Research Group, Department of Geosciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Rachael V Gallagher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Yirong Li
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P.R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P.R. China
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
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Guo X, Shi P, Niinemets Ü, Hölscher D, Wang R, Liu M, Li Y, Dong L, Niklas KJ. "Diminishing returns" for leaves of five age-groups of Phyllostachys edulis culms. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021; 108:1662-1672. [PMID: 34580863 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Leaf mass (M) and lamina surface area (A) are important functional traits reported to obey a scaling relationship called "diminishing returns" (i.e., M ∝ Aα>1 ). Previous studies have focused primarily on eudicots and ignored whether the age of leaves affects the numerical value of the scaling exponent (i.e., α). METHODS The effect of age was examined using 1623 Phyllostachys edulis leaves from culms differing in age collected in Nanjing, China. The scaling relationships among leaf A, fresh mass (FM), and dry mass (DM) were evaluated using reduced major axis protocols. The bootstrap percentile method was used to test the significance of differences in α-values. RESULTS Overall, the numerical values of α exceeded 1.0. The scaling relationship between FM and A was statistically more robust than that between DM and A. The scaling exponents of FM vs. A exhibited a "high-low-high-low-high" numerical trend from the oldest to the youngest age-group. FM increased linearly as culm age decreased; the leaf DM per unit area (LMA) exhibited a parabolic trend across the age-groups. CONCLUSIONS "Diminishing returns" is confirmed for all but one age-group of an important monocot species. The relationship between FM and A was statistically more robust than that between DM and A for each age-group. The FM per unit A decreased with increasing age-groups, whereas the middle age-groups had a greater LMA than the oldest and youngest age-groups. These data are the first to show that the age of shoots affects the scaling relationship between leaf mass and area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchen Guo
- Bamboo Research Institute, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Rd., Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Peijian Shi
- Bamboo Research Institute, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Rd., Nanjing, 210037, China
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 51006, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, 10130, Estonia
| | - Dirk Hölscher
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rong Wang
- Bamboo Research Institute, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Rd., Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Mengdi Liu
- Bamboo Research Institute, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Rd., Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yirong Li
- Bamboo Research Institute, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Rd., Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Lina Dong
- Administrative Bureau of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Karl J Niklas
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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11
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Peng X, Zhao M, Liu S, Yan W. Half-leaf width symmetric distribution reveals buffering strategy of Cunninghamia lanceolata. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:222. [PMID: 34001008 PMCID: PMC8127188 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03000-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf length and width could be a functioning relationship naturally as plant designs. Single-vein leaves have the simplest symmetrical distribution and structural design, which means that fast-growing single-vein species could interpret the scheme more efficiently. The distribution of leaf length and width can be modulated for better adaptation, providing an informative perspective on the various operational strategies in an emergency, while this mechanism is less clear. Here we selected six age groups of Cunninghamia lanceolata pure forests, including saplings, juveniles, mature, and old-growth trees. We pioneered a tapering model to describe half-leaf symmetric distribution with mathematical approximation based on every measured leaf along developmental sequence, and evaluated the ratio of leaf basal part length to total length (called tipping leaf length ratio). RESULTS The tipping leaf length ratio varied among different tree ages. That means the changes of tipping leaf length ratio and leaf shape are a significant but less-noticed reflection of trees tradeoff strategies at different growth stages. For instance, there exhibited relatively low ratio during sapling and juvenile, then increased with increasing age, showing the highest value in their maturity, and finally decreased on mature to old-growth transition. The tipping leaf length ratio serves as a cost-benefit ratio, thus the subtle changes in the leaf symmetrical distribution within individuals reveal buffering strategy, indicating the selection for efficient design of growth and hydraulic in their developmental sequences. CONCLUSIONS Our model provides a physical explanation of varied signatures for tree operations in hydraulic buffering through growth stages, and the buffering strategy revealed from leaf distribution morphologically provides evidence on the regulation mechanism of leaf biomechanics, hydraulics and physiologies. Our insight contributes greatly to plant trait modeling, policy and management, and will be of interest to some scientists and policy makers who are involved in climate change, ecology and environment protection, as well as forest ecology and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Peng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
- Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province, Huitong, 410015, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Meifang Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China.
- Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province, Huitong, 410015, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Shuguang Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China.
- Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province, Huitong, 410015, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Wende Yan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
- Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province, Huitong, 410015, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China, Changsha, 410004, China
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