1
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Matović J, Järvinen J, Sokka IK, Imlimthan S, Aitio O, Sarparanta M, Rautio J, Ekholm FS. Towards New Delivery Agents for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy: Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation of a Set of Fluorinated Carbohydrate Derivatives. Molecules 2024; 29:4263. [PMID: 39275111 PMCID: PMC11397260 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29174263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a cancer treatment which combines tumor-selective boron delivery agents with thermal neutrons in order to selectively eradicate cancer cells. In this work, we focus on the early-stage development of carbohydrate delivery agents for BNCT. In more detail, we expand upon our previous GLUT-targeting approach by synthesizing and evaluating the potential embedded in a representative set of fluorinated carbohydrates bearing a boron cluster. Our findings indicate that these species may have advantages over the boron delivery agents in current clinical use, e.g., significantly improved boron delivery capacity at the cellular level. Simultaneously, the carbohydrate delivery agents were found to bind strongly to plasma proteins, which may be a concern requiring further action before progression to in vivo studies. Altogether, this work brings new insights into factors which need to be accounted for if attempting to develop theranostic agents for BNCT based on carbohydrates in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Matović
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juulia Järvinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Iris K Sokka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Surachet Imlimthan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Aitio
- Glykos Finland Ltd., FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mirkka Sarparanta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarkko Rautio
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Filip S Ekholm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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2
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Villani S, Imperio D, Panza L, Confalonieri L, Fallarini S, Aprile S, Del Grosso E. Exploring the pharmaceutical potential of ammonium organotrifluoroborate functional group: Comprehensive chemical, metabolic, and plasma stability evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 279:116844. [PMID: 39260320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Boronated carbohydrate derivatives have good potential for targeting malignant cells in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) due to their preferential glucose uptake. In particular, with the introduction of the ammonium trifluoroborate moiety, boronated sugars can function as both BNCT agents and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) tracers. Their 18F radiolabeling allows real-time tracking of biodistribution. This study evaluates the chemical, metabolic, and plasma stability of ammonium trifluoroborates for pharmaceutical purposes using LC-HRMS, presenting stability data under various conditions -acidic, basic, pseudophysiological, and oxidative- and highlighting degradation products and mechanisms. The data are supported by 1H NMR and 19F NMR. Metabolic and plasma stabilities, along with preliminary toxicological data (MTT assays), are also provided to better predict the clinical applicability of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Villani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Daniela Imperio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Luigi Panza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Laura Confalonieri
- Carbon Bionanotechnology Group - CICbiomaGUNE, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Gipuzkoa, Paseo Miramón 194, 20014 Donostia - San Sebastián Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Silvia Fallarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Silvio Aprile
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Erika Del Grosso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
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3
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Soriano-Ursúa MA, Cordova-Chávez RI, Farfan-García ED, Kabalka G. Boron-containing compounds as labels, drugs, and theranostic agents for diabetes and its complications. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:1060-1069. [PMID: 38983826 PMCID: PMC11229952 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i6.1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a disease with a high global burden. Current strategies have failed to limit the advancement and impact of the disease. Successful early diagnosis and treatment will require the development of new agents. In this sense, boron-containing compounds have been reported as agents with the ability to reduce glycemia and lipidemia. They have also been used for labeling and measuring carbohydrates and other molecules linked to the initial stages of diabetes and its progression. In addition, certain boron compounds bind to molecules related to diabetes development and their biological activity in the regulation of elevated glycemia. Finally, it should be noted that some boron compounds appear to exert beneficial effects on diabetes complications such as accelerating wound healing while ameliorating pain in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin A Soriano-Ursúa
- Department of Physiology, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | | | | | - George Kabalka
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
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4
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Kawasaki R, Oshige A, Yamana K, Hirano H, Nishimura K, Miura Y, Yorioka R, Sanada Y, Bando K, Tabata A, Yasuhara K, Miyazaki Y, Shinoda W, Nishimura T, Azuma H, Takata T, Sakurai Y, Tanaka H, Suzuki M, Nagasaki T, Ikeda A. HER-2-Targeted Boron Neutron Capture Therapy with Carborane-integrated Immunoliposomes Prepared via an Exchanging Reaction. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302486. [PMID: 37792507 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a promising modality for cancer treatment because of its minimal invasiveness. To maximize the therapeutic benefits of BNCT, the development of efficient platforms for the delivery of boron agents is indispensable. Here, carborane-integrated immunoliposomes were prepared via an exchanging reaction to achieve HER-2-targeted BNCT. The conjugation of an anti-HER-2 antibody to carborane-integrated liposomes successfully endowed these liposomes with targeting properties toward HER-2-overexpressing human ovarian cancer cells (SK-OV3); the resulting BNCT activity toward SK-OV3 cells obtained using the current immunoliposomal system was 14-fold that of the l-BPA/fructose complex, which is a clinically available boron agent. Moreover, the growth of spheroids treated with this system followed by thermal neutron irradiation was significantly suppressed compared with treatment with the l-BPA/fructose complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Kawasaki
- Program of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Ayano Oshige
- Program of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Keita Yamana
- Program of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hirano
- Program of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nishimura
- Program of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yamato Miura
- Program of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yorioka
- Program of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yu Sanada
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan
| | - Kaori Bando
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka city, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Anri Tabata
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka city, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuma Yasuhara
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology and Center for Digital Green-Innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Miyazaki
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushuma-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Wataru Shinoda
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushuma-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Hideki Azuma
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka city, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takushi Takata
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sakurai
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan
| | - Minoru Suzuki
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka city, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ikeda
- Program of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
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5
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Lan KW, Huang WY, Chiu YL, Hsu FT, Chien YC, Hsiau YY, Wang TW, Keng PY. In vivo investigation of boron-rich nanodrugs for treating triple-negative breast cancers via boron neutron capture therapy. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 155:213699. [PMID: 37979440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by highly proliferative cancer cells and is the only subtype of breast cancer that lacks a targeted therapy. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is an approach that combines chemotherapy with radiotherapy and can potentially offer beneficial targeted treatment for TNBC patients owing to its unique ability to eradicate cancer cells selectively while minimizing damage to the surrounding healthy cells. Since BNCT relies on specific delivery of a high loading of B10 to the tumor site, there is growing research interest to develop more potent boron-based drugs for BNCT that can overcome the limitations of small-molecule boron compounds. In this study, polyethylene-glycol-coated boron carbon oxynitride nanoparticles (PEG@BCNO) of size 134.2±23.6nm were prepared as a promising drug for BNCT owing to their high boron content and enhanced biocompatibility. The therapeutic efficiency of PEG@BCNO was compared with a state-of-the-art 10BPA boron drug in mice bearing MDA-MB-231 tumor. In the orthotopic mouse model, PEG@BCNO showed higher B10 accumulation in the tumor tissues (6 μg 10B/g tissue compared to 3 μg 10B/g tissue in mice administered B10-enriched 10BPA drug) despite using the naturally occurring 11B/10B boron precursor in the preparation of the BCNO nanoparticles. The in vivo biodistribution of PEG@BCNO in mice bearing MDA-MB-231 showed a tumor/blood ratio of ~3.5, which is comparable to that of the state-of-the-art 10BPA-fructose drug. We further demonstrated that upon neutron irradiation, the mice bearing MDA-MB-231 tumor cells treated with PEG@BCNO and 10BPA showed tumor growth delay times of 9 days and 1 day, respectively, compared to mice in the control group after BNCT. The doubling times (DTs) for mice treated with PEG@BCNO and 10BPA as well as mice in the control group were calculated to be 31.5, 19.8, and 17.7 days, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining for the p53 and caspase-3 antibodies revealed that mice treated with PEG@BCNO showed lower probability of cancer recurrence and greater level of cellular apoptosis than mice treated with 10BPA and mice in the control group. Our study thus demonstrates the potential of pegylated BCNO nanoparticles in effectively inhibiting the growth of TNBC tumors compared to the state-of-the-art boron drug 10BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Wei Lan
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Yuan Huang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Lin Chiu
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fang-Tzu Hsu
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yun-Chen Chien
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yong-Yun Hsiau
- College of Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzu-Wei Wang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei Yuin Keng
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan, ROC.
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6
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Järvinen J, Pulkkinen H, Rautio J, Timonen JM. Amino Acid-Based Boron Carriers in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2663. [PMID: 38140004 PMCID: PMC10748186 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in the design of boronated amino acids has emerged, partly due to the utilization of boronophenylalanine (BPA), one of the two agents employed in clinical Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). The boronated amino acids synthesized thus far for BNCT investigations can be classified into two categories based on the source of boron: boronic acids or carboranes. Amino acid-based boron carriers, employed in the context of BNCT treatment, demonstrate significant potential in the treatment of challenging tumors, such as those located in the brain. This review aims to shed light on the developmental journey and challenges encountered over the years in the field of amino acid-based boron delivery compound development. The primary focus centers on the utilization of the large amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) as a target for boron carriers in BNCT. The development of efficient carriers remains a critical objective, addressing challenges related to tumor specificity, effective boron delivery, and rapid clearance from normal tissue and blood. LAT1 presents an intriguing and promising target for boron delivery, given its numerous characteristics that make it well suited for drug delivery into tumor tissues, particularly in the case of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juulia Järvinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Herkko Pulkkinen
- Department of Technical Physics, Faculty of Science, Forestry and Technology, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarkko Rautio
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juri M. Timonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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7
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Marforio TD, Carboni A, Calvaresi M. In Vivo Application of Carboranes for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT): Structure, Formulation and Analytical Methods for Detection. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4944. [PMID: 37894311 PMCID: PMC10605826 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboranes have emerged as one of the most promising boron agents in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). In this context, in vivo studies are particularly relevant, since they provide qualitative and quantitative information about the biodistribution of these molecules, which is of the utmost importance to determine the efficacy of BNCT, defining their localization and (bio)accumulation, as well as their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. First, we gathered a detailed list of the carboranes used for in vivo studies, considering the synthesis of carborane derivatives or the use of delivery system such as liposomes, micelles and nanoparticles. Then, the formulation employed and the cancer model used in each of these studies were identified. Finally, we examined the analytical aspects concerning carborane detection, identifying the main methodologies applied in the literature for ex vivo and in vivo analysis. The present work aims to identify the current strengths and weakness of the use of carboranes in BNCT, establishing the bottlenecks and the best strategies for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Carboni
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
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8
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Coghi P, Li J, Hosmane NS, Zhu Y. Next generation of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) agents for cancer treatment. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1809-1830. [PMID: 37102375 DOI: 10.1002/med.21964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is one of the most promising treatments among neutron capture therapies due to its long-term clinical application and unequivocally obtained success during clinical trials. Boron drug and neutron play an equivalent crucial role in BNCT. Nevertheless, current clinically used l-boronophenylalanine (BPA) and sodium borocaptate (BSH) suffer from large uptake dose and low blood to tumor selectivity, and that initiated overwhelm screening of next generation of BNCT agents. Various boron agents, such as small molecules and macro/nano-vehicles, have been explored with better success. In this featured article, different types of agents are rationally analyzed and compared, and the feasible targets are shared to present a perspective view for the future of BNCT in cancer treatment. This review aims at summarizing the current knowledge of a variety of boron compounds, reported recently, for the application of BCNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Coghi
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jinxin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Narayan S Hosmane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
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9
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Marforio TD, Mattioli EJ, Zerbetto F, Calvaresi M. Exploiting Blood Transport Proteins as Carborane Supramolecular Vehicles for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13111770. [PMID: 37299673 DOI: 10.3390/nano13111770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carboranes are promising agents for applications in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), but their hydrophobicity prevents their use in physiological environments. Here, by using reverse docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we identified blood transport proteins as candidate carriers of carboranes. Hemoglobin showed a higher binding affinity for carboranes than transthyretin and human serum albumin (HSA), which are well-known carborane-binding proteins. Myoglobin, ceruloplasmin, sex hormone-binding protein, lactoferrin, plasma retinol-binding protein, thyroxine-binding globulin, corticosteroid-binding globulin and afamin have a binding affinity comparable to transthyretin/HSA. The carborane@protein complexes are stable in water and characterized by favorable binding energy. The driving force in the carborane binding is represented by the formation of hydrophobic interactions with aliphatic amino acids and BH-π and CH-π interactions with aromatic amino acids. Dihydrogen bonds, classical hydrogen bonds and surfactant-like interactions also assist the binding. These results (i) identify the plasma proteins responsible for binding carborane upon their intravenous administration, and (ii) suggest an innovative formulation for carboranes based on the formation of a carborane@protein complex prior to the administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainah Dorina Marforio
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Edoardo Jun Mattioli
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Zerbetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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10
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Simone MI. Diastereoselective Synthesis of the Borylated d-Galactose Monosaccharide 3-Boronic-3-Deoxy-d-Galactose and Biological Evaluation in Glycosidase Inhibition and in Cancer for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114321. [PMID: 37298796 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug leads with a high Fsp3 index are more likely to possess desirable properties for progression in the drug development pipeline. This paper describes the development of an efficient two-step protocol to completely diastereoselectively access a diethanolamine (DEA) boronate ester derivative of monosaccharide d-galactose from the starting material 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-d-glucofuranose. This intermediate, in turn, is used to access 3-boronic-3deoxy-d-galactose for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) applications. The hydroboration/borane trapping protocol was robustly optimized with BH3.THF in 1,4-dioxane, followed by in-situ conversion of the inorganic borane intermediate to the organic boron product by the addition of DEA. This second step occurs instantaneously, with the immediate formation of a white precipitate. This protocol allows expedited and greener access to a new class of BNCT agents with an Fsp3 index = 1 and a desirable toxicity profile. Furthermore, presented is the first detailed NMR analysis of the borylated free monosaccharide target compound during the processes of mutarotation and borarotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela I Simone
- Discipline of Chemistry, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Newcastle CSIRO Energy Centre, 10 Murray Dwyer Circuit, Newcastle, NSW 2304, Australia
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11
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Matović J, Bahrami K, Stockmann P, Sokka IK, Khng YC, Sarparanta M, Hey-Hawkins E, Rautio J, Ekholm FS. Sweet Battle of the Epimers─Continued Exploration of Monosaccharide-Derived Delivery Agents for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. Mol Pharm 2023. [PMID: 37134022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a cancer therapy in which boron delivery agents play a crucial role. In theory, delivery agents with high tumor targeting capabilities can lead to selective eradication of tumor cells without causing harmful side effects. We have been working on a GLUT1-targeting strategy to BNCT for a number of years and found multiple promising hit compounds which outperform the clinically employed boron delivery agents in vitro. Herein, we continue our work in the field by further diversification of the carbohydrate scaffold in order to map the optimal stereochemistry of the carbohydrate core. In the sweet battle of the epimers, carborane-bearing d-galactose, d-mannose, and d-allose are synthesized and subjected to in vitro profiling studies─with earlier work on d-glucose serving as the reference. We find that all of the monosaccharide delivery agents display a significantly improved boron delivery capacity over the delivery agents approved for clinical use in vitro, thus providing a sound foundation for advancing toward in vivo preclinical assessment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Matović
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Finland, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Katayun Bahrami
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
| | - Philipp Stockmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
| | - Iris K Sokka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Finland, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - You Cheng Khng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Finland, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Mirkka Sarparanta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Finland, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
| | - Jarkko Rautio
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
| | - Filip S Ekholm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Finland, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
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12
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Ri CC, Mf CR, D RV, T PC, F TC, Ir S, A AG, Ma SU. Boron-Containing Compounds for Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Human Metabolic Disorders. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2222-2239. [PMID: 35771339 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03346-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The application of natural and synthetic boron-containing compounds (BCC) in biomedical field is expanding. BCC have effects in the metabolism of living organisms. Some boron-enriched supplements are marketed as they exert effects in the bone and skeletal muscle; but also, BCC are being reported as acting on the enzymes and transporters of membrane suggesting they could modify the carbohydrate metabolism linked to some pathologies of high global burden, as an example is diabetes mellitus. Also, some recent findings are showing effects of BCC on lipid metabolism. In this review, information regarding the effects and interaction of these compounds was compiled, as well as the potential application for treating human metabolic disorders is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Córdova-Chávez Ri
- Academia de Fisiología Y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado E Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis Y Díaz Mirón S/N, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carrasco-Ruiz Mf
- Academia de Fisiología Y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado E Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis Y Díaz Mirón S/N, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodríguez-Vera D
- Academia de Fisiología Y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado E Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis Y Díaz Mirón S/N, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pérez-Capistran T
- Academia de Fisiología Y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado E Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis Y Díaz Mirón S/N, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tamay-Cach F
- Academia de Bioquímica Médica Y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado E Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis Y Díaz Mirón S/N, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Scorei Ir
- BioBoron Research Institute, Dunarii 31B Street, 207465, Podari, Romania
| | - Abad-García A
- Academia de Fisiología Y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado E Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis Y Díaz Mirón S/N, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Soriano-Ursúa Ma
- Academia de Fisiología Y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado E Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis Y Díaz Mirón S/N, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
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13
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Synthesis, In Silico, In Vivo, and Ex Vivo Evaluation of a Boron-Containing Quinolinate Derivative with Presumptive Action on mGluRs. INORGANICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11030094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the brain, canonical excitatory neurotransmission is mediated by L-glutamate and its ionotropic (iGluR) and metabotropic (mGluR) receptors. The wide diversity of these often limits the development of glutamatergic drugs. This is due to the arduousness of achieving selectivity with specific ligands. In the present article, encouraged by reports of bioactive organoboron compounds, a diphenylboroxazolidone derived from quinolinate (BZQuin) was evaluated. BZQuin was synthesized with a yield of 87%. Its LD50 was 174 mg/kg in male CD-1 mice, as estimated by a modified Lorke’s method. BZQuin exerted a reduced ability to cause seizures when compared against its precursor, quinolinate. The latter suggested that it does not directly stimulate the ionotropic NMDA receptors or other ionic channels. The observation that the antiglutamatergic drugs riluzole and memantine displaced the BZQuin effect left the mGluRs as their possible targets. This is in line with results from molecular-docking simulations. During these simulations, BZQuin bound only to orthosteric sites on mGluR1, mGluR2, and mGluR7, with higher affinity than quinolinate. The survival of the neurons of mice previously administered with BZQuin or quinolinate was quantified in four neuroanatomical structures of the brain. The BZQuin effect was more appreciable in brain regions with a high expression of the previously mentioned mGluRs, while both antiglutamatergic drugs exerted a neuroprotective effect against it. Together, these results suggest that BZQuin exerts a positive influence on glutamatergic neurotransmission while selectively interacting with certain mGluRs.
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14
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Confalonieri L, Imperio D, Erhard A, Fallarini S, Compostella F, del Grosso E, Balcerzyk M, Panza L. Organotrifluoroborate Sugar Conjugates for a Guided Boron Neutron Capture Therapy: From Synthesis to Positron Emission Tomography. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:48340-48348. [PMID: 36591151 PMCID: PMC9798496 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sugars are a versatile tool for targeting malignant cells and have been extensively used for drug delivery and imaging techniques. Their prototype, fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG), is currently used for positron emission tomography. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a cancer treatment that relies on irradiation with thermal neutrons of cancer cells previously loaded with [10B]-containing compounds. The recent introduction of accelerators as a neutron source for clinical use prompts the planning of delivery compounds enriched with boron able to be traced in real time. This work describes the first synthesis of a new class of sugar derivatives conjugated to a trifluoroborate moiety as potential theranostic agents. Stability and cytotoxicity studies are reported for all compounds, together with [18F] radiolabeling optimization and in vivo preliminary positron emission tomography (PET) experiments on a selected compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Confalonieri
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, L.go Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Daniela Imperio
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, L.go Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Alvaro Erhard
- Centro
Nacional de Aceleradores, Universidad de
Sevilla-CSIC-Junta de Andalucia, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Silvia Fallarini
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, L.go Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Federica Compostella
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Saldini 50, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Erika del Grosso
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, L.go Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Marcin Balcerzyk
- Centro
Nacional de Aceleradores, Universidad de
Sevilla-CSIC-Junta de Andalucia, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento
de Fisiologia Medica y Biofisica, Universidad
de Sevilla, 41003 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luigi Panza
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, L.go Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy
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15
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Uspenskii SA, Khaptakhanova PA. Boron nanoparticles in chemotherapy and radiotherapy: the synthesis, state-of-the-art, and prospects. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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16
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Wang Y, Reina G, Kang HG, Chen X, Zou Y, Ishikawa Y, Suzuki M, Komatsu N. Polyglycerol Functionalized 10 B Enriched Boron Carbide Nanoparticle as an Effective Bimodal Anticancer Nanosensitizer for Boron Neutron Capture and Photothermal Therapies. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2204044. [PMID: 35983628 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a non-invasive cancer treatment with little adverse effect utilizing nuclear fission of 10 B upon neutron irradiation. While neutron source has been developed from a nuclear reactor to a compact accelerator, only two kinds of drugs, boronophenylalanine and sodium borocaptate, have been clinically used for decades despite their low tumor specificity and/or retentivity. To overcome these challenges, various boron-containing nanomaterials, or "nanosensitizers", have been designed based on micelles, (bio)polymers and inorganic nanoparticles. Among them, inorganic nanoparticles such as boron carbide can include a much higher 10 B content, but successful in vivo applications are very limited. Additionally, recent reports on the photothermal effect of boron carbide are motivating for the addition of another modality of photothermal therapy. In this study, 10 B enriched boron carbide (10 B4 C) nanoparticle is functionalized with polyglycerol (PG), giving 10 B4 C-PG with enough dispersibility in a physiological environment. Pharmacokinetic experiments show that 10 B4 C-PG fulfills the following three requirements for BNCT; 1) low intrinsic toxicity, 2) 10 B in tumor/tumor tissue (wt/wt) ≥ 20 ppm, and 3) 10 B concentrations in tumor/blood ≥ 3. In vivo study reveals that neutron irradiation after intravenous administration of 10 B4 C-PG suppresses cancer growth significantly and eradicates cancer with the help of near-infrared light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuquan Wang
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Giacomo Reina
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Heon Gyu Kang
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yajuan Zou
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshie Ishikawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Minoru Suzuki
- Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2-1010, Asashiro-nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan
| | - Naoki Komatsu
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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17
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Matović J, Järvinen J, Sokka IK, Stockmann P, Kellert M, Imlimthan S, Sarparanta M, Johansson MP, Hey-Hawkins E, Rautio J, Ekholm FS. Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation of a Set of 6-Deoxy-6-thio-carboranyl d-Glucoconjugates Shed Light on the Substrate Specificity of the GLUT1 Transporter. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:30376-30388. [PMID: 36061667 PMCID: PMC9434784 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Glucose- and sodium-dependent glucose transporters (GLUTs and SGLTs) play vital roles in human biology. Of the 14 GLUTs and 12 SGLTs, the GLUT1 transporter has gained the most widespread recognition because GLUT1 is overexpressed in several cancers and is a clinically valid therapeutic target. We have been pursuing a GLUT1-targeting approach in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). Here, we report on surprising findings encountered with a set of 6-deoxy-6-thio-carboranyl d-glucoconjugates. In more detail, we show that even subtle structural changes in the carborane cluster, and the linker, may significantly reduce the delivery capacity of GLUT1-based boron carriers. In addition to providing new insights on the substrate specificity of this important transporter, we reach a fresh perspective on the boundaries within which a GLUT1-targeting approach in BNCT can be further refined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Matović
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juulia Järvinen
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Iris K. Sokka
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Philipp Stockmann
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Kellert
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Surachet Imlimthan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mirkka Sarparanta
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael P. Johansson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki
Institute of Sustainability Science, HELSUS, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- CSC
− IT Center for Science Ltd., P.O. Box 405, FI-02101 Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Jarkko Rautio
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Filip S. Ekholm
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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18
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Jamborová Z, Pachnerová Brabcová K, Jelínek Michaelidesová A, Zahradníček O, Danilová I, Ukraintsev E, Kundrát P, Štěpán V, Davídková M. RADIATION DAMAGE TO DNA PLASMIDS IN THE PRESENCE OF BOROCAPTATES. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2022; 198:532-536. [PMID: 36005981 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Boron derivatives have great potential in cancer diagnostics and treatment. Borocaptates are used in boron neutron capture therapy and potentially in proton boron fusion therapy. This work examines modulation effects of two borocaptate compounds on radiation-induced DNA damage. Aqueous solutions of pBR322 plasmid containing increasing concentrations of borocaptates were irradiated with 60Co gamma rays or 30 MeV protons. Induction of single and double DNA strand breaks was investigated using agarose gel electrophoresis. In this model system, representing DNA without the intervention of cellular repair mechanisms, the boron derivatives acted as antioxidants. Clinically relevant boron concentrations of 40 ppm reduced the DNA single strand breakage seven-fold. Possible mechanisms of the observed effect are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Jamborová
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, 110 00 Praha 1, Czech Republic
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Na Truhlářce 39/64, 180 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Pachnerová Brabcová
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Na Truhlářce 39/64, 180 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Jelínek Michaelidesová
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, 110 00 Praha 1, Czech Republic
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Na Truhlářce 39/64, 180 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Oldřich Zahradníček
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Na Truhlářce 39/64, 180 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Irina Danilová
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, 110 00 Praha 1, Czech Republic
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Na Truhlářce 39/64, 180 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Egor Ukraintsev
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 2, 166 27 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kundrát
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Na Truhlářce 39/64, 180 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Štěpán
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, 110 00 Praha 1, Czech Republic
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Na Truhlářce 39/64, 180 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Davídková
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Na Truhlářce 39/64, 180 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic
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19
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Nikiforova SE, Kubasov AS, Goeva LV, Avdeeva VV, Malinina EA, Kuznetsov NT. Features of the formation of d10 metal complexes with benzimidazoles derivatives in the presence of the closo-decaborate anion. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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