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Cornett JC, Cates RJ, Ledger KJ, Pinger CW, Hart CE, Laboda KR, Larson WA, Hollarsmith JA. Assessing methods for detecting Alexandrium catenella (Dinophyceae) and paralytic shellfish toxins in Southeast Alaska. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024. [PMID: 38712820 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Blooms of Alexandrium catenella threaten to disrupt subsistence, recreational, and commercial shellfish harvest in Alaska, as the paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) produced pose a serious public health risk and can lead to costly shutdowns for shellfish farmers. Current methods of PST detection in the region range from monitoring programs utilizing net tows to detect A. catenella to direct shellfish tissue testing via mouse bioassay (MBA) for commercial aquaculture harvest, as well as various optional testing methods for subsistence and recreational harvesters. The efficacy and feasibility of these methods vary, and they have not been directly compared in Southeast Alaska. In this study, we sought to assess and compare A. catenella and PST early detection methods to determine which can provide the most effective and accurate warning of A. catenella blooms or PST events. We found microscope counts to be variable and prone to missing lower numbers of A. catenella, which may be indicative of bloom formation. However, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) significantly correlated with microscope counts and was able to effectively detect even low numbers of A. catenella on all sampling days. Paralytic shellfish toxin concentrations measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and MBA significantly correlated with each other, qPCR, and some microscope counts. These results show that qPCR is an effective tool for both monitoring A. catenella and serving as a proxy for PSTs. Further work is needed to refine qPCR protocols in this system to provide bloom warnings on an actionable timescale for the aquaculture industry and other shellfish harvesters. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;00:1-14. © 2024 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC). This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana C Cornett
- NOAA Fisheries Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Juneau, Alaska, USA
- Alaska Sea Grant, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Rebecca J Cates
- NOAA Fisheries Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Juneau, Alaska, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, & Ecosystem Studies (CICOES), University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Kimberly J Ledger
- NOAA Fisheries Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Juneau, Alaska, USA
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, Alaska, USA
| | - Cody W Pinger
- NOAA Fisheries Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Juneau, Alaska, USA
| | - Courtney E Hart
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, Alaska, USA
| | | | - Wesley A Larson
- NOAA Fisheries Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Juneau, Alaska, USA
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Roland HB, Kohlhoff J, Lanphier K, Hoysala S, Kennedy EG, Harley J, Whitehead C, Gribble MO. Perceived Challenges to Tribally Led Shellfish Toxin Testing in Southeast Alaska: Findings From Key Informant Interviews. GEOHEALTH 2024; 8:e2023GH000988. [PMID: 38516504 PMCID: PMC10956280 DOI: 10.1029/2023gh000988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Shellfish harvesting is central to coastal Alaska Native ways of life, and tribes in Southeast Alaska are committed to preserving sustainable and safe access to subsistence foods. However, consumption of non-commercially harvested shellfish puts Alaska Native communities at elevated risk of exposure to shellfish toxins. To address a lack of state or federal toxin testing for subsistence and recreational harvesting, tribes across Southeast Alaska have formed their own toxin testing and ocean monitoring program. In this study, we interviewed environmental managers responsible for tribes' testing and others with shellfish toxin expertise to report on perceptions of barriers to tribally led testing in Southeast Alaska. Tribal staff identified 40 prospective key informants to interview, including all environmental managers responsible for shellfish toxin testing at subsistence sites in Southeast Alaska. All 40 individuals were invited to participate in an interview and 27 individuals were interviewed. The most frequently discussed barriers to shellfish toxin testing in Southeast Alaska relate to logistical and staffing difficulties associated with communities' remote locations, inconsistent and inadequate funding and funding structures that increase staff burdens, risk communication challenges related to conveying exposure risks while supporting subsistence harvesting, and implications of climate change-related shifts in toxin exposures for risk perception and risk communication. Participants stressed the social origins of perceived barriers. Disinvestment may create and sustain barriers and be most severely felt in Native communities and remote places. Climate change impacts may interact with social and cultural factors to further complicate risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh B. Roland
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | | | | | - Sneha Hoysala
- Rollins School of Public HealthEmory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Esther G. Kennedy
- Bodega Marine Laboratory and Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesUniversity of California, DavisBodega BayCAUSA
| | - John Harley
- Alaska Coastal Rainforest CenterUniversity of Alaska SoutheastJuneauAKUSA
| | | | - Matthew O. Gribble
- Division of Occupational, Environmental and Climate MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
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Trainer VL, King TL. SoundToxins: A Research and Monitoring Partnership for Harmful Phytoplankton in Washington State. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15030189. [PMID: 36977080 PMCID: PMC10056251 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15030189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The more frequent occurrence of marine harmful algal blooms (HABs) and recent problems with newly-described toxins in Puget Sound have increased the risk for illness and have negatively impacted sustainable access to shellfish in Washington State. Marine toxins that affect safe shellfish harvest because of their impact on human health are the saxitoxins that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), domoic acid that causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), diarrhetic shellfish toxins that cause diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) and the recent measurement of azaspiracids, known to cause azaspiracid poisoning (AZP), at low concentrations in Puget Sound shellfish. The flagellate, Heterosigma akashiwo, impacts the health and harvestability of aquacultured and wild salmon in Puget Sound. The more recently described flagellates that cause the illness or death of cultivated and wild shellfish, include Protoceratium reticulatum, known to produce yessotoxins, Akashiwo sanguinea and Phaeocystis globosa. This increased incidence of HABs, especially dinoflagellate HABs that are expected in increase with enhanced stratification linked to climate change, has necessitated the partnership of state regulatory programs with SoundToxins, the research, monitoring and early warning program for HABs in Puget Sound, that allows shellfish growers, Native tribes, environmental learning centers and citizens, to be the “eyes on the coast”. This partnership enables safe harvest of wholesome seafood for consumption in the region and helps to describe unusual events that impact the health of oceans, wildlife and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera L. Trainer
- Olympic Natural Resources Center, University of Washington, Forks, WA 98331, USA
| | - Teri L. King
- Washington Sea Grant, University of Washington, Shelton, WA 98584, USA
- Correspondence:
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Bushell SM, Wright BA, Knue J, Tomco PL. 1H NMR-based metabolomics investigation on the biological effects of paralytic shellfish toxin in mussel Mytilus trossulus. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114326. [PMID: 36395714 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Paralytic shellfish poisoning is a global issue that would benefit from additional screening methods and rapid testing capacities. In this study, we applied 1H NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomics to identify biomarkers of Paralytic Shellfish Toxin (PST) exposure. We characterized the metabolic phenotypes of field-collected Alaskan mussels Mytilus trossulus across a wide range of bioaccumulated PST levels, from 0 to 1590 μg/100 g. A between-level grouping emerged for high (740-1590 μg/100 g) compared to low/non-detect (0-3.91 μg/100 g) PST levels. High levels of PST contamination in mussels were consistent with alterations to energy and amino acid metabolism, and disturbances in osmoregulation. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of 1H NMR-based metabolomics in elucidating the biological effects of paralytic shellfish toxin on the health of wild mussel populations, spatial variation, and identifies a metabolic signature indicative of PST contamination in Mytilus trossulus for potential use in a PSP biomarker panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomia M Bushell
- Department of Biology, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, United States of America.
| | - Bruce A Wright
- Knik Tribe of Alaska, 1744 Prospect Dr., Palmer, AK 99645, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline Knue
- Department of Environmental Conservation, Alaska State Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Environmental Conservation, 5251 Dr. MLK Jr. Ave, Anchorage, AK 99507, United States of America
| | - Patrick L Tomco
- Department of Biology, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, United States of America
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Roland HB, Whitehead C, Fleming LE, Berdalet E, Enevoldsen HO, Gribble MO. Knowledge Sharing to Reduce Toxin Exposure Risks from Harmful Algal Blooms: Global Networks and Political Barriers. Ethn Dis 2022; 32:285-292. [PMID: 36388868 PMCID: PMC9590605 DOI: 10.18865/ed.32.4.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a significant global environmental management challenge, especially with respect to microalgae that produce dangerous natural toxins. Examples of HAB toxin diseases with major global health impact include: ciguatera poisoning, paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP), and neurotoxic (brevetoxin) shellfish poisoning (NSP). Such diseases affect communities globally and contribute to health inequalities within the United States and beyond. Sharing data and lessons learned about the factors determining bloom occurrence and associated exposure to contaminated seafood across locations can reduce public health risks. Knowledge sharing is particularly important as ongoing global environmental changes seem to alter the intensity, location, and timing of toxic HAB events, reducing the reliability of conventional guidance where toxin risks have been endemic and leading to emerging challenges in new settings. Political changes that disrupt membership in knowledge-sharing networks may impede efforts to share scientific expertise and best practices. In this commentary, we stress the importance of community and expert knowledge sharing for reducing HAB risks, both for vulnerable communities in the United States and globally. Considering the impacts of political changes, we note the indirect engagement sometimes required for continued participation in international coordination programs. As an example, we highlight how lessons learned from a Native-led toxin monitoring and testing program (the Southeast Alaska Tribal Ocean Research partnership) can inform programs in other settings. We also describe how international knowledge is mutually valuable for this program in Southeast Alaska.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh B. Roland
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - Lora E. Fleming
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Berdalet
- Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Henrik Oksfeldt Enevoldsen
- Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Science and Communication Centre on Harmful Algae, IOC UNESCO, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthew O. Gribble
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Van Hemert C, Harley JR, Baluss G, Smith MM, Dusek RJ, Lankton JS, Hardison DR, Schoen SK, Kaler RSA. Paralytic shellfish toxins associated with Arctic Tern mortalities in Alaska. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 117:102270. [PMID: 35944958 PMCID: PMC10237520 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms produce biotoxins that can injure or kill fish, wildlife, and humans. These blooms occur naturally but have intensified in many locations globally due to recent climatic changes, including ocean warming. Such changes are especially pronounced in northern regions, where the effects of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) on marine wildlife are of growing concern. In Alaska, seabird mortality events have increased in frequency, magnitude, and duration since 2015 alongside anomalously high ocean temperatures. Although starvation has been implicated as the apparent cause of death in many of these die-offs, saxitoxin (STX) and other PSTs have been identified as possible contributing factors. Here, we describe a mortality event at a nesting colony of Arctic Terns (Sterna paradisaea) near Juneau, Alaska in 2019 and report elevated concentrations of PSTs in bird, forage fish, and mussel samples. Concentrations of STX and other PSTs in tern tissues (2.5-51.2 µg 100g-1 STX-equivalents [STX-eq]) were of similar magnitude to those reported from other PST-induced bird die-offs. We documented high PST concentrations in blue mussels (>11,000 µg 100g-1 STX-eq; Mytilus edulis spp.) collected from nearby beaches, as well as in forage fish (up to 494 µg 100g-1 STX-eq) retrieved from Arctic Tern nests, thereby providing direct evidence of PST exposure via the terns' prey. At maximum concentrations measured in this study, a single 5 g Pacific Sand Lance (Ammodytes personatus) could exceed the median lethal STX dose (LD50) currently estimated for birds, offering strong support for PSTs as a likely source of tern mortality. In addition to describing this localized bird mortality event, we used existing energetics data from adult and nestling Arctic Terns to calculate estimated cumulative daily PST exposure based on ecologically relevant concentrations in forage fish. Our estimates revealed potentially lethal levels of PST exposure even at relatively low (≤30 ug 100g-1 STX-eq) toxin concentrations in prey. These findings suggest that PSTs present a significant hazard to Arctic Terns and other northern seabirds and should be included in future investigations of avian mortality events as well as assessments of population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Van Hemert
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA.
| | - John R Harley
- Alaska Coastal Rainforest Center, University of Alaska Southeast, 11066 Auke Lake Way, Juneau AK, 99801, USA
| | - Gwen Baluss
- U.S. Forest Service, Juneau Ranger District, 8510 Mendenhall Loop Road, Juneau, AK, 99801, USA
| | - Matthew M Smith
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - Robert J Dusek
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Road, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Julia S Lankton
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Road, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - D Ransom Hardison
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Stressor Detection and Impacts Division, National Center for Coastal Ocean Sciences Beaufort Laboratory, 101 Pivers Road, Beaufort, NC, 28516, USA
| | - Sarah K Schoen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - Robert S A Kaler
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Management, 1011 East Tudor Road, Anchorage, AK, 99503, USA
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Zhou Y, Li S, Zhang J, Zhang J, Wang Z, Pan L, Huang B, Huang K, Chen X, Zhao Q, Jiang T, Liu J. Dietary exposure assessment of paralytic shellfish toxins through shellfish consumption in Shenzhen population, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:10222-10234. [PMID: 34514541 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) produced by certain marine dinoflagellates accumulate in filter-feeding marine bivalves. We used LC-MS/MS to detect and quantify 13 PSTs in 188 shellfish samples of 14 species collected from Shenzhen city's Buji seafood wholesale market from March 2019 to February 2020. Twenty-six of 188 shellfish samples (13.8%) were PSTs detectable. Within 14 species, 10 out of 34 noble clam Chlamys nobilis samples contain detectable PSTs with the highest detection rate 29.4%. Seven out of 17 samples from Nan'ao island contained detectable PSTs with the highest detection rate 41.2% among 11 origins. Samples containing PSTs were concentrated in spring and winter, with the highest levels in March>December>January. Among PSTs detected, C1 was dominant. Acute dietary exposure assessment for Shenzhen residents were based on mean adult body weight, 99th percentile daily shellfish consumption of Shenzhen food consumption survey 2008 and maximum PSTs concentration for each shellfish species. The outcome for Chlamys nobilis was 2.4~3.7-fold higher than recommended ARfDs. Mean PSTs concentration, P99, and mean shellfish consumption were used to assess chronic dietary exposure. The results were lower than recommended ARfDs. In conclusion, residents in Shenzhen are at risk for acute PSTs poisoning, while relatively safe from chronic PSTs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenpan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Food Inspection & Quarantine Center, Shenzhen Custom, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518045, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhou Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Liubo Pan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiqiang Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Harmful Algae & Marine Biology, Jinan University, No. 601 Shipai Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Huang
- Food Inspection & Quarantine Center, Shenzhen Custom, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518045, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Qionghui Zhao
- Food Inspection & Quarantine Center, Shenzhen Custom, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518045, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianjiu Jiang
- Research Center of Harmful Algae & Marine Biology, Jinan University, No. 601 Shipai Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, People's Republic of China.
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Purba NP, Faizal I, Syamsuddin ML, Wulandari A, Bratasena T, Therie R. Oceanography dataset in Bonpies archipelago as remote island in Java Seas, Indonesia. Data Brief 2022; 40:107769. [PMID: 35024396 PMCID: PMC8728575 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The oceanographic data presented in this article were collected in the Bonpies island, as part of the Java Seas. The data were collected by in-situ measurement from several expeditions from 2011 to 2016. The data presented here include bathymetry, sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS), ocean transparency, dissolved oxygen, and pH. All data were collected by daily in-situ measurements in different seasons. There were 5768 data measured from several portable instruments, including echo-sounder and portable instruments. Calibration of the instrument was carried out before and after the survey in accordance with the protocol provided by the manufacturer. Measurements are made directly and recorded into a log sheet paper and the data format is Comma Separated Files (.csv). This in-situ data would be most useful for regional climate studies, including forecasting such as El Nino and Indian Ocean Dipole effects, oceanographic condition, and marine resources management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noir P Purba
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fishery and Marine Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ibnu Faizal
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fishery and Marine Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.,Yayasan Segara Bakti, MOCEAN Institute, Jl. Batununggal Indah Raya No.199, Batununggal, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Mega L Syamsuddin
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fishery and Marine Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ajeng Wulandari
- Marine Conservation Programme, Faculty of Fishery and Marine Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Tonny Bratasena
- Yayasan Segara Bakti, MOCEAN Institute, Jl. Batununggal Indah Raya No.199, Batununggal, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ryadelle Therie
- KOMITMEN Research Group, Universitas Padjadjaran, Gedung 3 FPIK UNPAD, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
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Temple C, Hughes A. A case of fatal paralytic shellfish poisoning in Alaska. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2021; 60:414-415. [PMID: 34410204 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2021.1967373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Temple
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Adrienne Hughes
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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10
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Varanasi U, Trainer VL, Schumacker EJ. Taking the Long View for Oceans and Human Health Connection through Community Driven Science. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052662. [PMID: 33800838 PMCID: PMC7967353 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The most proactive approach to resolving current health and climate crises will require a long view, focused on establishing and fostering partnerships to identify and eliminate root causes of the disconnect between humans and nature. We describe the lessons learned through a unique scientific partnership that addresses a specific crisis, harmful algal blooms (HABs), along the northeast Pacific Ocean coast, that blends current-day technology with observational knowledge of Indigenous communities. This integrative scientific strategy resulted in creative solutions for forecasting and managing HAB risk in the Pacific Northwest as a part of the US Ocean and Human Health (OHH) program. Specific OHH projects focused on: (1) understanding genetic responses of tribal members to toxins in the marine environment, (2) knowledge sharing by elders during youth camps; (3) establishing an early warning program to alert resource managers of HABs are explicit examples of proactive strategies used to address environmental problems. The research and monitoring projects with tribal communities taught the collaborating non-Indigenous scientists the value of reciprocity, highlighting both the benefits from and protection of oceans that promote our well-being. Effective global oceans and human health initiatives require a collective action that gives equal respect to all voices to promote forward thinking solutions for ocean health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Varanasi
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Vera L. Trainer
- Environmental and Fisheries Science Division, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA;
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Harley JR, Lanphier K, Kennedy E, Whitehead C, Bidlack A. Random forest classification to determine environmental drivers and forecast paralytic shellfish toxins in Southeast Alaska with high temporal resolution. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 99:101918. [PMID: 33218443 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Paralytic shellfish poison toxins (PSTs) produced by the dinoflagellate in the genus Alexandrium are a threat to human health and subsistence lifestyles in Southeast Alaska. It is important to understand the drivers of Alexandrium blooms to inform shellfish management and aquaculture, as well as to predict trends of PST in a changing climate. In this study, we aggregate environmental data sets from multiple agencies and tribal partners to model and predict concentrations of PSTs in Southeast Alaska from 2016 to 2019. We used daily PST concentrations interpolated from regularly sampled blue mussels (Mytilus trossulus) analyzed for total PSTs using a receptor binding assay. We then created random forest models to classify shellfish above and below a threshold of toxicity (80 µg 100 g-1) and used two methods to determine variable importance. We obtained a multivariate model with key variables being sea surface temperature, salinity, freshwater discharge, and air temperature. We then used a similar model trained using lagged environmental variables to hindcast out-of-sample (OOS) shellfish toxicities during April-October in 2017, 2018, and 2019. Hindcast OOS accuracies were low (37-50%); however, we found forecasting using environmental variables may be useful in predicting the timing of early summer blooms. This study reinforces the efficacy of machine learning to determine important drivers of harmful algal blooms, although more complex models incorporating other parameters such as toxicokinetics are likely needed for accurate regional forecasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Harley
- University of Alaska Southeast, Alaska Coastal Rainforest Center, 11066 Auke Lake Way, Juneau, AK, 99801.
| | - Kari Lanphier
- Sitka Tribe of Alaska, Environmental Research Laboratory, 456 Katlian St, Sitka, AK, 99835
| | - Esther Kennedy
- Sitka Tribe of Alaska, Environmental Research Laboratory, 456 Katlian St, Sitka, AK, 99835
| | - Chris Whitehead
- Sitka Tribe of Alaska, Environmental Research Laboratory, 456 Katlian St, Sitka, AK, 99835
| | - Allison Bidlack
- University of Alaska Southeast, Alaska Coastal Rainforest Center, 11066 Auke Lake Way, Juneau, AK, 99801
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