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Sadek KM, Shib NA, Taher ES, Rashed F, Shukry M, Atia GA, Taymour N, El-Nablaway M, Ibrahim AM, Ramadan MM, Abdelkader A, Abdo M, Imbrea I, Pet E, Ali LS, Abdeen A. Harnessing the power of bee venom for therapeutic and regenerative medical applications: an updated review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1412245. [PMID: 39092234 PMCID: PMC11291246 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1412245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Honeybees have been helpful insects since ancient centuries, and this benefit is not limited to being a honey producer only. After the bee stings a person, pain, and swelling occur in this place, due to the effects of bee venom (BV). This is not a poison in the total sense of the word because it has many benefits, and this is due to its composition being rich in proteins, peptides, enzymes, and other types of molecules in low concentrations that show promise in the treatment of numerous diseases and conditions. BV has also demonstrated positive effects against various cancers, antimicrobial activity, and wound healing versus the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Even though topical BV therapy is used to varying degrees among countries, localized swelling or itching are common side effects that may occur in some patients. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the complex chemical composition of BV, highlighting the diverse range of bioactive compounds and their therapeutic applications, which extend beyond the well-known anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects, showcasing the versatility of BV in modern medicine. A specific search strategy was followed across various databases; Web of sciences, Scopus, Medline, and Google Scholar including in vitro and in vivo clinical studies.to outline an overview of BV composition, methods to use, preparation requirements, and Individual consumption contraindications. Furthermore, this review addresses safety concerns and emerging approaches, such as the use of nanoparticles, to mitigate adverse effects, demonstrating a balanced and holistic perspective. Importantly, the review also incorporates historical context and traditional uses, as well as a unique focus on veterinary applications, setting it apart from previous works and providing a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadry M. Sadek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Naira A. Shib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ehab S. Taher
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Fatema Rashed
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Gamal A. Atia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, and Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Noha Taymour
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad El-Nablaway
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ateya M. Ibrahim
- Department of Administration and Nursing Education, College of Nursing, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family and Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M. Ramadan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Afaf Abdelkader
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdo
- Department of Animal Histology and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Egypt
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ilinca Imbrea
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Technologies, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Elena Pet
- Department of Management and Rural Development, Faculty of Management and Rural Tourism, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lashin S. Ali
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ahmed Abdeen
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
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Abd El Maksoud EA, Rady MH, Mahmoud AGT, Hamza D, Seadawy MG, Essa EE. Potential therapeutic biomolecules of hymenopteran venom against SARS-CoV-2 from Egyptian patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15363. [PMID: 38965389 PMCID: PMC11224265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of insect-derived bioactive molecules as anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents has shown promising results. Hymenopteran venoms, notably from Apis mellifera (honeybee) and Vespa orientalis (oriental wasp), were examined for the first time in an in vitro setting for their potential anti-COVID-19 activity. This assessment utilized an immunodiagnostic system to detect the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen titer reduction. Further analyses, including cytotoxicity assays, plaque reduction assays, and in silico docking-based screening, were performed to evaluate the efficacy of the most potent venom. Results indicated that bee and wasp venoms contain bioactive molecules with potential therapeutic effects against SARS-CoV-2.Nevertheless, the wasp venom exhibited superior efficacy compared to bee venom, achieving a 90% maximal (EC90) concentration effect of antigen depletion at 0.184 mg/mL, in contrast to 2.23 mg/mL for bee venom. The cytotoxicity of the wasp venom was assessed on Vero E6 cells 48 h post-treatment using the MTT assay. The CC 50 of the cell growth was 0.16617 mg/mL for Vero E6 cells. The plaque reduction assay of wasp venom revealed 50% inhibition (IC50) at a 0.208 mg/mL concentration. The viral count at 50% inhibition was 2.5 × 104 PFU/mL compared to the initial viral count of 5 × 104 PFU/mL. In silico data for the wasp venom revealed a strong attraction to binding sites on the ACE2 protein, indicating ideal interactions. This substantiates the potential of wasp venom as a promising viral inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2, suggesting its consideration as a prospective natural preventive and curative antiviral drug. In conclusion, hymenopteran venoms, particularly wasp venom, hold promise as a source of potential therapeutic biomolecules against SARS-CoV-2. More research and clinical trials are needed to evaluate these results and investigate their potential for translation into innovative antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Abd El Maksoud
- Armed Forces Laboratories of Medical Research, El-Khalifa El-Maamoun, Mansheya El-Bakry, Heliopolis, Cairo Governorate, Egypt
| | - Magda H Rady
- Entomology Department Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Gad Taha Mahmoud
- Microbiology Department, Armed Forces Laboratories of Medical Research, El-Khalifa El-Maamoun, Mansheya El-Bakry, Heliopolis, Cairo Governorate, Egypt
| | - Dalia Hamza
- Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed G Seadawy
- Biological Prevention Department, Chemical Warfare, Egypt Army, Cairo, Egypt
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman E Essa
- Entomology Department Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Pinto MB, Pires PC, Calhelha RC, Silva AR, Sousa MJ, Vilas-Boas M, Falcão SI, Veiga F, Makvandi P, Paiva-Santos AC. Bee Venom-Loaded Niosomes as Innovative Platforms for Cancer Treatment: Development and Therapeutical Efficacy and Safety Evaluation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:572. [PMID: 38794142 PMCID: PMC11123916 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite past efforts towards therapeutical innovation, cancer remains a highly incident and lethal disease, with current treatments lacking efficiency and leading to severe side effects. Hence, it is imperative to develop new, more efficient, and safer therapies. Bee venom has proven to have multiple and synergistic bioactivities, including antitumor effects. Nevertheless, some toxic effects have been associated with its administration. To tackle these issues, in this work, bee venom-loaded niosomes were developed, for cancer treatment. The vesicles had a small (150 nm) and homogeneous (polydispersity index of 0.162) particle size, and revealed good therapeutic efficacy in in vitro gastric, colorectal, breast, lung, and cervical cancer models (inhibitory concentrations between 12.37 ng/mL and 14.72 ng/mL). Additionally, they also revealed substantial anti-inflammatory activity (inhibitory concentration of 28.98 ng/mL), effects complementary to direct antitumor activity. Niosome safety was also assessed, both in vitro (skin, liver, and kidney cells) and ex vivo (hen's egg chorioallantoic membrane), and results showed that compound encapsulation increased its safety. Hence, small, and homogeneous bee venom-loaded niosomes were successfully developed, with substantial anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects, making them potentially promising primary or adjuvant cancer therapies. Future research should focus on evaluating the potential of the developed platform in in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Beatriz Pinto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia C. Pires
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ricardo C. Calhelha
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal (M.V.-B.); (S.I.F.)
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Silva
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal (M.V.-B.); (S.I.F.)
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria João Sousa
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal (M.V.-B.); (S.I.F.)
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Miguel Vilas-Boas
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal (M.V.-B.); (S.I.F.)
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Soraia I. Falcão
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal (M.V.-B.); (S.I.F.)
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China
- Centre of Research Impact and Outreach, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140417, India
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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Isidorov VA, Dallagnol AM, Zalewski A. Chemical Composition of Volatile and Extractive Components of Canary (Tenerife) Propolis. Molecules 2024; 29:1863. [PMID: 38675683 PMCID: PMC11053497 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The vegetation of the Canary Islands is characterized by a large number of endemic species confined to different altitudinal levels. It can be assumed that these circumstances determine the characteristic features of the chemical composition of local beekeeping products, including propolis. We report, for the first time, the chemical composition of propolis from Tenerife (Canary Islands). The volatile emissions of three propolis samples collected from different apiaries are represented by 162 C1-C20 compounds, of which 144 were identified using the HS-SPME/GC-MS technique. The main group of volatiles, consisting of 72 compounds, is formed by terpenoids, which account for 42-68% of the total ion current (TIC) of the chromatograms. The next most numerous groups are formed by C6-C17 alkanes and alkenes (6-32% TIC) and aliphatic C3-C11 carbonyl compounds (7-20% TIC). The volatile emissions also contain C1-C6 aliphatic acids and C2-C8 alcohols, as well as their esters. Peaks of 138 organic C3-C34 compounds were recorded in the chromatograms of the ether extracts of the studied propolis. Terpene compounds form the most numerous group, but their number and content in different samples is within very wide limits (9-63% TIC), which is probably due to the origin of the samples from apiaries located at different altitudes. A peculiarity of the chemical composition of the extractive substances is the almost complete absence of phenylcarboxylic acids and flavonoids, characteristic of Apis mellifera propolis from different regions of Eurasia and North America. Aromatic compounds of propolis from Tenerife are represented by a group of nine isomeric furofuranoid lignans, as well as alkyl- and alkenyl-substituted derivatives of salicylic acid and resorcinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery A. Isidorov
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Białystok University of Technology, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
| | - Andrea M. Dallagnol
- Instituto de Materiales de Misiones (CONICET-UNaM), Felix de Azara 1552, Posadas 3300, Argentina;
| | - Adam Zalewski
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
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Ahmed MBM, El-ssayad MF, Yousef SY, Salem SH. Bee venom: A potential natural alternative to conventional preservatives for prolonging the shelf-life of soft cheese 'Talaga'. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28968. [PMID: 38601605 PMCID: PMC11004823 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aims to explore bee venom (honey-BV) as a potential natural preservative for "Tallaga" soft cheese. Characterization of the active compounds in honey-BV was conducted via chromatographic analyses. Antimicrobial efficacy against pathogenic bacteria and fungi was evaluated, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. Subsequently, honey-BV was applied to Tallaga cheese at 15 mg/g concentrations. The main active ingredients identified in bee venom were apamin (2%) and melittin (48.7%). Both concentrations of bee venom (100 and 200 mg/mL) exhibited significant antifungal and antibacterial properties against tested organisms, with MIC values varied from 0.2 to 0.5 mg/mL for bacteria to 3-13 mg/mL for fungi. Application of honey-BV in Tallaga cheese resulted in complete elimination of Staphylococcal populations after 2 weeks of cold storage, with no detectable growth of molds or yeasts throughout the storage period. Additionally, a steady decrease in aerobic plate count was observed over time. In summary, honey-BV holds promise as a natural preservative for soft cheese, however, more investigation is required to optimize the concentration for economic viability, taking into account health benefits and safety considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Bedair M. Ahmed
- Department of Food Toxicology and Contaminants, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., P.O. Box: 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fathy El-ssayad
- Dairy Sciences Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., P.O. Box: 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Salah H. Salem
- Department of Food Toxicology and Contaminants, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., P.O. Box: 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Dinu M, Tatu AL, Cocoș DI, Nwabudike LC, Chirilov AM, Stefan CS, Earar K, Dumitriu Buzia O. Natural Sources of Therapeutic Agents Used in Skin Conditions. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:492. [PMID: 38672762 PMCID: PMC11051086 DOI: 10.3390/life14040492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin conditions are numerous and often have a major impact on patients' quality of life, and effective and safe treatment is very important. The conventional drugs used for skin diseases are usually corticosteroids and antimicrobial products that can induce various side effects, especially with long-term use, which is why researchers are studying alternatives, especially biologically active natural products. Three products caught our attention: bee venom (BV), due to reported experimental results showing anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, antimycotic, and anticancer effects, Ficus carica (FC) due to its demonstrated antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory action, and finally Geranium essential oil (GEO), with proven antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Following a review of the literature, we produced this paper, which presents a review of the potential therapeutic applications of the three products in combating various skin conditions and for skin care, because BV, FC, and GEO have common pharmacological actions (anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant). We also focused on studying the safety of the topical use of BV, FC, and GEO, and new approaches to this. This paper presents the use of these natural therapeutic agents to treat patients with conditions such as vitiligo, melasma, and melanoma, as well as their use in treating dermatological conditions in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Dinu
- Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania; (M.D.); (C.S.S.); (K.E.); (O.D.B.)
| | - Alin Laurențiu Tatu
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania;
- Dermatology Department, “Sf. Cuvioasa Parascheva” Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 800179 Galati, Romania
- Multidisciplinary Integrative Center for Dermatologic Interface Research MIC-DIR, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Dorin Ioan Cocoș
- Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania; (M.D.); (C.S.S.); (K.E.); (O.D.B.)
| | | | - Ana Maria Chirilov
- Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania; (M.D.); (C.S.S.); (K.E.); (O.D.B.)
| | - Claudia Simona Stefan
- Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania; (M.D.); (C.S.S.); (K.E.); (O.D.B.)
| | - Kamel Earar
- Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania; (M.D.); (C.S.S.); (K.E.); (O.D.B.)
| | - Olimpia Dumitriu Buzia
- Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania; (M.D.); (C.S.S.); (K.E.); (O.D.B.)
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Sharaf M, Zahra AA, Alharbi M, Mekky AE, Shehata AM, Alkhudhayri A, Ali AM, Al Suhaimi EA, Zakai SA, Al Harthi N, Liu CG. Bee chitosan nanoparticles loaded with apitoxin as a novel approach to eradication of common human bacterial, fungal pathogens and treating cancer. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1345478. [PMID: 38559346 PMCID: PMC10978808 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1345478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the largest medical challenges because of the rising frequency of opportunistic human microbial infections across the globe. This study aimed to extract chitosan from the exoskeletons of dead bees and load it with bee venom (commercially available as Apitoxin [Api]). Then, the ionotropic gelation method would be used to form nanoparticles that could be a novel drug-delivery system that might eradicate eight common human pathogens (i.e., two fungal and six bacteria strains). It might also be used to treat the human colon cancer cell line (Caco2 ATCC ATP-37) and human liver cancer cell line (HepG2ATCC HB-8065) cancer cell lines. The x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) properties, ζ-potentials, and surface appearances of the nanoparticles were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). FTIR and XRD validated that the Api was successfully encapsulated in the chitosan nanoparticles (ChB NPs). According to the TEM, the ChB NPs and the ChB NPs loaded with Apitoxin (Api@ChB NPs) had a spherical shape and uniform size distribution, with non-aggregation, for an average size of approximately 182 and 274 ± 3.8 nm, respectively, and their Zeta potential values were 37.8 ± 1.2 mV and - 10.9 mV, respectively. The Api@ChB NPs had the greatest inhibitory effect against all tested strains compared with the ChB NPs and Api alone. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the Api, ChB NPs, and Api@ChB NPs were evaluated against the offer mentioned colony forming units (CFU/mL), and their lowest MIC values were 30, 25, and 12.5 μg mL-1, respectively, against Enterococcus faecalis. Identifiable morphological features of apoptosis were observed by 3 T3 Phototox software after Api@ChB NPs had been used to treat the normal Vero ATCC CCL-81, Caco2 ATCC ATP-37, and HepG2 ATCC HB-8065 cancer cell lines for 24 h. The morphological changes were clear in a concentration-dependent manner, and the ability of the cells was 250 to 500 μg mL-1. These results revealed that Api@ChB NPs may be a promising natural nanotreatment for common human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sharaf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, AL-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdullah A. Zahra
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, AL-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alsayed E. Mekky
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdelrazeq M. Shehata
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdulsalam Alkhudhayri
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Ali
- Department of Biology, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtesam A. Al Suhaimi
- Vice Presidency for Scientific Research and Innovation, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz and his Companions Foundation for Giftedness and Creativity “Mawhiba”, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadi A. Zakai
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Al Harthi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chen-Guang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Turn JT, Mayer J, Nagata K, Banovic F, Meichner K, Hurley DJ, Koslowski E, Gogal RM. Impact of apitherapy on canine, equine, and chicken lymphocytes, in vitro. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 268:110700. [PMID: 38217942 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Apitherapy is a form of alternative medicine that utilizes products from the western honeybee (Apis mellifera), including honey, propolis, and honeybee venom, to improve the health status of human patients by altering host immunity. An added benefit of these products is that they are nutraceuticals and relatively inexpensive to aquire. Currently, little is known about the use of honeybee products in veterinary species, as well as their impact on host immunity. In the present in vitro study, honey, propolis, and honeybee venom were co-cultured with enriched canine, equine, and chicken peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) with cell proliferation, cell viability/apoptosis, and cellular morphology evaluated. Concanavalin A (Con A) and dexamethasone were used as stimulatory and suppressive controls, respectively. Honeybee products' effects on the three veterinary species varied by product and the species. Honey stimulated the PBLs proliferation in all three species but also displayed some increased cytotoxicity. Propolis stimulated proliferation in canine and equine PBLs, however, it suppressed proliferation in the chicken PBLs. Honeybee venom was the strongest PBL stimulant for all three species and in the equine, surpassed the stimulant response of Con A and yet, enhanced PBL cell viability post culture. In summary, the results of this preliminary in vitro study show that these three honeybee products do impact lymphocyte proliferation and viability in dogs, horses, and chickens, and that more research both in vitro and in vivo will be necessary to draw conclusions regarding their future use as immune stimulants or inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Turn
- Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, and ETR Laboratories, Inc., Leominster, MA, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, and ETR Laboratories, Inc., Leominster, MA, USA
| | - Joerg Mayer
- Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, and ETR Laboratories, Inc., Leominster, MA, USA
| | - Koichi Nagata
- Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, and ETR Laboratories, Inc., Leominster, MA, USA
| | - Frane Banovic
- Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, and ETR Laboratories, Inc., Leominster, MA, USA
| | - Kristina Meichner
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, and ETR Laboratories, Inc., Leominster, MA, USA
| | - David J Hurley
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, and ETR Laboratories, Inc., Leominster, MA, USA
| | | | - Robert M Gogal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, and ETR Laboratories, Inc., Leominster, MA, USA.
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9
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El-Seedi HR, Salama S, El-Wahed AAA, Guo Z, Di Minno A, Daglia M, Li C, Guan X, Buccato DG, Khalifa SAM, Wang K. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Royal Jelly in Metabolic Disorders and Gastrointestinal Diseases. Nutrients 2024; 16:393. [PMID: 38337678 PMCID: PMC10856930 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders, encompassing diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, etc., pose a substantial global health threat, with rising morbidity and mortality rates. Addressing these disorders is crucial, as conventional drugs often come with high costs and adverse effects. This review explores the potential of royal jelly (RJ), a natural bee product rich in bioactive components, as an alternative strategy for managing metabolic diseases. RJ exhibits diverse therapeutic properties, including antimicrobial, estrogen-like, anti-inflammatory, hypotensive, anticancer, and antioxidant effects. This review's focus is on investigating how RJ and its components impact conditions like diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and gastrointestinal illnesses. Evidence suggests that RJ serves as a complementary treatment for various health issues, notably demonstrating cholesterol- and glucose-lowering effects in diabetic rats. Specific RJ-derived metabolites, such as 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), also known as the "Queen bee acid," show promise in reducing insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Recent research highlights RJ's role in modulating immune responses, enhancing anti-inflammatory cytokines, and suppressing key inflammatory mediators. Despite these promising findings, further research is needed to comprehensively understand the mechanisms underlying RJ's therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham R. El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, P.O. Box 591, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 210024, China
| | - Suzy Salama
- Indigenous Knowledge and Heritage Center, Ghibaish College of Science and Technology, Ghibaish 51111, Sudan;
| | - Aida A. Abd El-Wahed
- Department of Bee Research, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza 12627, Egypt;
| | - Zhiming Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Alessandro Di Minno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.M.); (M.D.); (D.G.B.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.M.); (M.D.); (D.G.B.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Chuan Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Xiao Guan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China;
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Daniele Giuseppe Buccato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.M.); (M.D.); (D.G.B.)
| | - Shaden A. M. Khalifa
- Psychiatry and Neurology Department, Capio Saint Göran’s Hospital, Sankt Göransplan 1, 112 19 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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10
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Bayraktar M, Hacımüftüoğlu A, Okkay U, Koçak MN, Kösedağ M, Tekin E, Çelik M, Okkay IF, Bayram C, Ertuğrul MS, Sezen S. Use of bee venom in preventive medicine: An experimental hepatic encephalopathy study in rats. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1336. [PMID: 38109225 PMCID: PMC10766040 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bee venom is used for medicinal purposes, including the treatment of neurological and liver diseases, but its use as a primary health care approach for preventive purposes requires further exploration. The aim of this study was to provide the first investigation into the possible protective effects of bee venom against hepatic encephalopathy, a serious neurodegenerative disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS An experimental animal study was conducted in which healthy albino Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups: healthy, control and bee venom groups. All rats were tested for locomotor activity at the beginning and end of the study. No intervention was made in the healthy group, whereas hepatic encephalopathy was induced in the control and bee venom groups by the administration of thioacetamide (TAA) (200 mg/kg/day). The bee venom group also received bee venom (5 mg/kg/day) subcutaneously every day for 14 days prior to the TAA administration. RESULTS The results for the final locomotor activity tests were statistically better in the bee venom group than in the control group, supporting a beneficial effect of prophylactic bee venom application. Blood ammonia levels and liver weights, determined as indicators of inflammation, were lower in the bee venom group than in the control group and were close to levels in the healthy group, but not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Bee venom administration has protective effects against the development of hepatic encephalopathy and offers a promising therapeutic opportunity in preventive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Bayraktar
- Department of Family MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of AtaturkErzurumTurkey
- Acupuncture and Complementary Medicine Methods Application and Research CenterUniversity of AtaturkErzurumTurkey
| | - Ahmet Hacımüftüoğlu
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of AtaturkErzurumTurkey
| | - Ufuk Okkay
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of AtaturkErzurumTurkey
| | - Mehmet Nuri Koçak
- Department of NeurologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of AtaturkErzurumTurkey
| | - Murat Kösedağ
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of AtaturkErzurumTurkey
| | - Erdal Tekin
- Department of EmergencyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of AtaturkErzurumTurkey
| | - Muhammet Çelik
- Department of Medical BiochemistryFaculty of MedicineUniversity of AtaturkErzurumTurkey
| | - Irmak Ferah Okkay
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of AtaturkErzurumTurkey
| | - Cemil Bayram
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of AtaturkErzurumTurkey
| | | | - Selma Sezen
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of AtaturkErzurumTurkey
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11
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Yaacoub C, Wehbe R, Roufayel R, Fajloun Z, Coutard B. Bee Venom and Its Two Main Components-Melittin and Phospholipase A2-As Promising Antiviral Drug Candidates. Pathogens 2023; 12:1354. [PMID: 38003818 PMCID: PMC10674158 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses are known to infect most types of organisms. In humans, they can cause several diseases that range from mild to severe. Although many antiviral therapies have been developed, viral infections continue to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, the discovery of new and effective antiviral agents is desperately needed. Animal venoms are a rich source of bioactive molecules found in natural goods that have been used since ancient times in alternative medicine to treat a variety of human diseases. Recently, and with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, scientists have regained their interest in the possible use of natural products, such as bee venom (BV), as a potential antiviral agent to treat viral infections. BV is known to exert many therapeutic activities such as anti-proliferative, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, there is limited discussion of the antiviral activity of BV in the literature. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the antiviral properties of BV and its two primary constituents, melittin (MEL) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2), against a variety of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. Finally, the innovative strategies used to reduce the toxicity of BV and its two compounds for the development of new antiviral treatments are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Yaacoub
- Unité des Virus Emergents, Aix-Marseille University, IRD 190-Inserm 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, Doctoral School for Sciences and Technology, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon;
| | - Rim Wehbe
- Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon;
| | - Rabih Roufayel
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait;
| | - Ziad Fajloun
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, Doctoral School for Sciences and Technology, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon;
- Faculty of Sciences III, Department of Biology, Michel Slayman Tripoli Campus, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon
| | - Bruno Coutard
- Unité des Virus Emergents, Aix-Marseille University, IRD 190-Inserm 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France;
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12
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Goswami S, Chowdhury JP. Antiviral attributes of bee venom as a possible therapeutic approach against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Future Virol 2023:10.2217/fvl-2023-0127. [PMID: 37970095 PMCID: PMC10630947 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2023-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The unprecedented scale of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has driven considerable investigation into novel antiviral treatments since effective vaccination strategies cannot completely eradicate the virus. Apitherapy describes the medicinal use of bee venom, which may be an effective treatment against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Bee venom contains chemicals that are antimicrobial and stimulate the immune system to counteract viral load. The present review focuses on the use of bee venom as a possible treatment for COVID-19 and reviews studies on the pharmacodynamics of bee venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Goswami
- Department of Zoology, Sunbeam Women's College, Varuna, Varanasi, 221002, India
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13
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Chianese A, Zannella C, Palma F, Di Clemente L, Monti A, Doti N, De Filippis A, Galdiero M. Melittin-Related Peptides Interfere with Sandfly Fever Naples Virus Infection by Interacting with Heparan Sulphate. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2446. [PMID: 37894104 PMCID: PMC10609114 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging viruses pose an important global public health challenge, and early action is needed to control their spread. The Bunyaviridae family contains a great number of arboviruses which are potentially pathogenic for humans. For example, phleboviruses affect a large range of hosts, including humans and animals. Some infections usually have an asymptomatic course, but others lead to severe complications, such as Toscana virus, which is able to cause meningitis and encephalitis. Unfortunately, to date, no vaccines or antiviral treatments have been found. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of melittin-related peptides, namely the frog-derived RV-23 and AR-23, on sandfly fever Naples virus infection in vitro. Both peptides exhibited a strong antiviral activity by targeting the viral particles and blocking the virus-cell interaction. Their action was directed to an early phase of SFNV infection, in particular at viral adsorption on host cells, by interfering with the binding of common glycosaminoglycan receptors. Given the better antimicrobial behavior of AR-23 and RV-23 compared to melittin in terms of selectivity, our studies expand our understanding of the potential of these peptides as antimicrobials and stimulate further investigations in the direction of novel antiviral strategies against phlebovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Palma
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Di Clemente
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Monti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzianna Doti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna De Filippis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
- Section of Virology and Microbiology, University Hospital of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
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14
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Małek A, Strzemski M, Kurzepa J, Kurzepa J. Can Bee Venom Be Used as Anticancer Agent in Modern Medicine? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3714. [PMID: 37509375 PMCID: PMC10378503 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey bee venom in its composition contains many biologically active peptides and enzymes that are effective in the fight against diseases of various etiologies. The history of the use of bee venom for medicinal purposes dates back thousands of years. There are many reports in the literature on the pharmacological properties of bee venom and/or its main components, e.g., anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial or neuroprotective properties. In addition, both crude venom and melittin exhibit cytotoxic activity against a wide range of tumor cells, with significant anti-metastatic activity in pre-clinical studies. Due to the constantly increasing incidence of cancer, the development of new therapeutic strategies in oncology is a particular challenge for modern medicine. A review paper discusses the various properties of bee venom with an emphasis on its anticancer properties. For this purpose, the PubMed database was searched, and publications related to "bee", "venom", "cancer" from the last 10 years were selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Małek
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maciej Strzemski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Kurzepa
- 1st Department of Radiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Kurzepa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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15
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Isidorov V, Zalewski A, Zambrowski G, Swiecicka I. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Properties of Honey Bee Venom. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104135. [PMID: 37241876 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its great medical and pharmaceutical importance, honey bee venom is considered to be well characterized both chemically and in terms of biomedical activity. However, this study shows that our knowledge of the composition and antimicrobial properties of Apis mellifera venom is incomplete. In this work, the composition of volatile and extractive components of dry and fresh bee venom (BV) was determined by GC-MS, as well as antimicrobial activity against seven types of pathogenic microorganisms. One-hundred and forty-nine organic C1-C19 compounds of different classes were found in the volatile secretions of the studied BV samples. One-hundred and fifty-two organic C2-C36 compounds were registered in ether extracts, and 201 compounds were identified in methanol extracts. More than half of these compounds are new to BV. In microbiological tests involving four species of pathogenic Gram-positive and two species of Gram-negative bacteria, as well as one species of pathogenic fungi, the values of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) were determined for samples of dry BV, as well as ether and methanol extracts from it. Gram-positive bacteria show the greatest sensitivity to the action of all tested drugs. The minimum MIC values for Gram-positive bacteria in the range of 0.12-7.63 ng mL-1 were recorded for whole BV, while for the methanol extract they were 0.49-125 ng mL-1. The ether extracts had a weaker effect on the tested bacteria (MIC values 31.25-500 ng mL-1). Interestingly, Escherichia coli was more sensitive (MIC 7.63-500 ng mL-1) to the action of bee venom compared to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC ≥ 500 ng mL-1). The results of the tests carried out indicate that the antimicrobial effect of BV is associated with the presence of not only peptides, such as melittin, but also low molecular weight metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Isidorov
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Bialystok Technical University, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Zalewski
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Zambrowski
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, 15-328 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Izabela Swiecicka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, 15-328 Bialystok, Poland
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, 15-328 Bialystok, Poland
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16
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Pérez-Delgado O, Espinoza-Culupú AO, López-López E. Antimicrobial Activity of Apis mellifera Bee Venom Collected in Northern Peru. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040779. [PMID: 37107142 PMCID: PMC10135115 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the emergence of microorganisms resistant to antibiotics and the failure of antibiotic therapies, there is an urgent need to search for new therapeutic options, as well as new molecules with antimicrobial potential. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of Apis mellifera venom collected in the beekeeping areas of the city of Lambayeque in northern Peru against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Bee venom extraction was performed by electrical impulses and separated using the Amicon ultra centrifugal filter. Subsequently, the fractions were quantified by spectrometric 280 nm and evaluated under denaturant conditions in SDS-PAGE. The fractions were pitted against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. A purified fraction (PF) of the venom of A. mellifera and three low molecular weight bands of 7 KDa, 6 KDa, and 5 KDa were identified that showed activity against E. coli with a MIC of 6.88 µg/mL, while for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, it did not present a MIC. No hemolytic activity at a concentration lower than 15.6 µg/mL and no antioxidant activity. The venom of A. mellifera contains a potential presence of peptides and a predilection of antibacterial activity against E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Pérez-Delgado
- Health Science Research Laboratory, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo 14001, Peru
| | | | - Elmer López-López
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo 14001, Peru
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17
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The transmittable through stinging microbiota differs between honeybees and wasps: a potentially greater microbial risk of the wasp sting for humans. Int Microbiol 2023:10.1007/s10123-023-00332-6. [PMID: 36752864 PMCID: PMC10397125 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The present research investigated whether accidental contact through stinging with honeybees, wasps, and hornets could represent a microbial hazard for humans. It has been previously suggested that such contact may transmit pathogens causing infections that could even be fatal for some susceptible individuals. Stinging simulation experiments were performed in the lab with live insects collected from the environment in Lemnos Island (north-eastern Greece), while different selective agar media targeting some clinically important bacteria (i.e., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis/faecium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were used as substrates for microbial recovery and identification. Results revealed none of the target pathogenic bacterial species in the honeybee samples, with bacilli, staphylococci, and micrococci dominating their surveyed microbiota. However, most of the suspect colonies isolated from wasps and hornets belonged to important hygienic indicators (i.e., enterococci, Proteus mirabilis, and coliforms), implying possible contact of these insects with fecal origin materials. To sum up, the microbiota that may be transmitted to humans through stinging appears to differ between honeybees and wasps/hornets, while the isolation from the latter samples of some other important opportunistic pathogens, such as Enterobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp., also known for multidrug resistance, could be an additional reason of concern.
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18
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Therapeutic Use of Bee Venom and Potential Applications in Veterinary Medicine. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020119. [PMID: 36851423 PMCID: PMC9965945 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Apitherapy is a branch of alternative medicine that consists of the treatment of diseases through products collected, processed, and secreted by bees, specifically pollen, propolis, honey, royal jelly, and bee venom. In traditional medicine, the virtues of honey and propolis have been well-known for centuries. The same, however, cannot be said for venom. The use of bee venom is particularly relevant for many therapeutic aspects. In recent decades, scientific studies have confirmed and enabled us to understand its properties. Bee venom has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, central nervous system inhibiting, radioprotective, antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties, among others. Numerous studies have often been summarised in reviews of the scientific literature that have focused on the results obtained with mouse models and their subsequent transposition to the human patient. In contrast, few reviews of scientific work on the use of bee venom in veterinary medicine exist. This review aims to take stock of the research achievements in this particular discipline, with a view to a recapitulation and stabilisation in the different research fields.
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19
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Ullah A, Aldakheel FM, Anjum SI, Raza G, Khan SA, Tlak Gajger I. Pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential of honey bee venom. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:96-109. [PMID: 36685303 PMCID: PMC9845117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey bee venom (BV) is a valuable product, and has a wide range of biological effects, and its use is rapidly increasing in apitherapy. Therefore, the current study, we reviewed the existing knowledge about BV composition and its numerous pharmacological properties for future research and use. Honey bee venom or apitoxin is produced in the venom gland in the honey bee abdomen. Adult bees use it as a primary colony defense mechanism. It is composed of many biologically active substances including peptides, enzymes, amines, amino acids, phospholipids, minerals, carbohydrates as well as some volatile components. Melittin and phospholipase A2 are the most important components of BV, having anti-cancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritis, anti-nociceptive and other curative potentials. Therefore, in medicine, BV has been used for centuries against different diseases like arthritis, rheumatism, back pain, and various inflammatory infections. Nowadays, BV or its components separately, are used for the treatment of various diseases in different countries as a natural medicine with limited side effects. Consequently, scientists as well as several pharmaceutical companies are trying to get a new understanding about BV, its substances and its activity for more effective use of this natural remedy in modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Mohammed Aldakheel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia,Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz Research Chair for Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Ishtiaq Anjum
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan,Corresponding author.
| | - Ghulam Raza
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Baltistan, Skardu, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ivana Tlak Gajger
- Department for Biology and Pathology of Fish and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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20
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Sevin S, Kivrak İ, Tutun H, Uyar R, Ayaz F. Apis mellifera anatoliaca Venom Exerted Anti-Inflammatory Activity on LPS-Stimulated Mammalian Macrophages by Reducing the Production of the Inflammatory Cytokines. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:3194-3205. [PMID: 36574137 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Extraction and characterization of natural products provide the opportunity to expand our arsenal of drug candidates against a wide range of diseases including cancer and inflammatory disorders. Previous studies have shown bee venom to have immense potential as an anti-inflammatory drug candidate. In this study, we focused on the venom of Apis mellifera anatoliaca and characterized its content by HPLC. An in vitro inflammation model based on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mammalian macrophages was utilized to examine the venom's anti-inflammatory potential. Additionally, its antiproliferative activity was evaluated in vitro against a human glioblastoma cell line. Based on the TNF, IL6, GMCSF, and IL12p40 pro-inflammatory cytokine production level in LPS-induced macrophages, venom-treated groups showed substantial decrease in the inflammatory action compared to untreated LPS-stimulated macrophages. When the cells were analyzed for viability, the venom did not have any cytotoxic effect on the macrophages at the concentration ranges that were utilized. Moreover, IC50 value of the venom was above 60 µg/mL on glioblastoma cancer cell line. These results suggest that the Apis mellifera anatoliaca venom does not have anticancer drug candidate potential, whereas it can efficiently be used against inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. To our knowledge, this is the first study to specifically examine the effect of anti-inflammatory activity of Apis mellifera anatoliaca venom on macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Sevin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Kivrak
- Muğla Vocational School Department of Chemistry and Chemical Treatment Technologies, MuğlaSıtkıKoçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Hidayet Tutun
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Burdur Mehmet AkifErsoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Recep Uyar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Furkan Ayaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
- Mersin University Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
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Li Z, Liu R, Wang X, Wu H, Yi X, Huang L, Qin Q. Effects of melittin on laying performance and intestinal barrier function of quails. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102355. [PMID: 36502563 PMCID: PMC9763859 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the effects of melittin on egg-laying performance and intestinal barrier of quails, 240 quails (aged 70 d) were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates (10 quails per replicate). They were fed with basal diet (group B), basal diet + 0.08 g/kg melittin (group BA1), basal diet + 0.12 g/kg melittin (group BA2) and basal diet + 0.16 g/kg melittin (group BA3). The experiment lasted for 21 days. The eggs were collected every day. At the end of the experiment, duodenal, jejunal, and ileal tissues were collected, and the cecal contents were sampled. Intestinal antioxidant index, barrier function, and intestinal flora were analyzed. The results showed that the addition of melittin significantly increased the laying rate and average egg weight. Addition of melittin significantly increased the antioxidant function, mechanical barrier, immune barrier, and the villus height to crypt depth ratio of small intestine. Addition of melittin had no significant effect on the α and β diversity of cecal flora, but significantly increased the abundance of Bacteroidales at family level and genus level. Bioinformatics analysis of cecal content showed significant increase in COG functional category of cytoskeleton, and significant decrease in RNA processing and modification in group BA2. KEGG functional analysis showed significant decrease in steroid biosynthesis, caffeine metabolism, and cytochrome P450 pathways in group BA2. In conclusion, addition of 0.12 g/kg melittin to feed improved the laying performance and the intestinal antioxidant capacity and barrier function of quails but had no significant effect on the composition and structure of cecal microbial community. This study provides experimental data and theoretical basis for the application of melittin as a new quail feed additive.
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22
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El-Seedi HR, El-Wahed AAA, Naggar YA, Saeed A, Xiao J, Ullah H, Musharraf SG, Boskabady MH, Cao W, Guo Z, Daglia M, El Wakil A, Wang K, Khalifa SAM. Insights into the Role of Natural Products in the Control of the Honey Bee Gut Parasite ( Nosema spp.). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:3062. [PMID: 36359186 PMCID: PMC9656094 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The honey bee is an important economic insect due to its role in pollinating many agricultural plants. Unfortunately, bees are susceptible to many pathogens, including pests, parasites, bacteria, and viruses, most of which exert a destructive impact on thousands of colonies. The occurrence of resistance to the therapeutic substances used against these organisms is rising, and the residue from these chemicals may accumulate in honey bee products, subsequently affecting the human health. There is current advice to avoid the use of antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, and other drugs in bees, and therefore, it is necessary to develop alternative strategies for the treatment of bee diseases. In this context, the impact of nosema diseases (nosemosis) on bee health and the negative insults of existing drugs are discussed. Moreover, attempts to combat nosema through the use of alternative compounds, including essential oils, plant extracts, and microbes in vitro and in vivo, are documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham R. El-Seedi
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 591, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing (Jiangsu University), Jiangsu Education Department, Nanjing 210024, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koom 32512, Egypt
| | - Aida A. Abd El-Wahed
- Department of Bee Research, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza 12627, Egypt
| | - Yahya Al Naggar
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Syed G. Musharraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad H. Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13131-99137, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13131-99137, Iran
| | - Wei Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Bee Product Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Zhiming Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Maria Daglia
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria 215260, Egypt
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shaden A. M. Khalifa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Dini I, De Biasi MG, Mancusi A. An Overview of the Potentialities of Antimicrobial Peptides Derived from Natural Sources. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1483. [PMID: 36358138 PMCID: PMC9686932 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are constituents of the innate immune system in every kind of living organism. They can act by disrupting the microbial membrane or without affecting membrane stability. Interest in these small peptides stems from the fear of antibiotics and the emergence of microorganisms resistant to antibiotics. Through membrane or metabolic disruption, they defend an organism against invading bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi. High efficacy and specificity, low drug interaction and toxicity, thermostability, solubility in water, and biological diversity suggest their applications in food, medicine, agriculture, animal husbandry, and aquaculture. Nanocarriers can be used to protect, deliver, and improve their bioavailability effectiveness. High cost of production could limit their use. This review summarizes the natural sources, structures, modes of action, and applications of microbial peptides in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Any restrictions on AMPs' large-scale production are also taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Dini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Mancusi
- Department of Food Microbiology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute 2, 80055 Portici, Italy
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Chemistry and the Potential Antiviral, Anticancer, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Cardiotonic Steroids Derived from Toads. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196586. [PMID: 36235123 PMCID: PMC9571018 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids (CTS) were first documented by ancient Egyptians more than 3000 years ago. Cardiotonic steroids are a group of steroid hormones that circulate in the blood of amphibians and toads and can also be extracted from natural products such as plants, herbs, and marines. It is well known that cardiotonic steroids reveal effects against congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation; therefore, the term "cardiotonic" has been coined. Cardiotonic steroids are divided into two distinct groups: cardenolides (plant-derived) and bufadienolides (mainly of animal origin). Cardenolides have an unsaturated five-membered lactone ring attached to the steroid nucleus at position 17; bufadienolides have a doubly unsaturated six-membered lactone ring. Cancer is a leading cause of mortality in humans all over the world. In 2040, the global cancer load is expected to be 28.4 million cases, which would be a 47% increase from 2020. Moreover, viruses and inflammations also have a very nebative impact on human health and lead to mortality. In the current review, we focus on the chemistry, antiviral and anti-cancer activities of cardiotonic steroids from the naturally derived (toads) venom to combat these chronic devastating health problems. The databases of different research engines (Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Sci-Finder) were screened using different combinations of the following terms: “cardiotonic steroids”, “anti-inflammatory”, “antiviral”, “anticancer”, “toad venom”, “bufadienolides”, and “poison chemical composition”. Various cardiotonic steroids were isolated from diverse toad species and exhibited superior anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiviral activities in in vivo and in vitro models such as marinobufagenin, gammabufotalin, resibufogenin, and bufalin. These steroids are especially difficult to identify. However, several compounds and their bioactivities were identified by using different molecular and biotechnological techniques. Biotechnology is a new tool to fully or partially generate upscaled quantities of natural products, which are otherwise only available at trace amounts in organisms.
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Shi P, Xie S, Yang J, Zhang Y, Han S, Su S, Yao H. Pharmacological effects and mechanisms of bee venom and its main components: Recent progress and perspective. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1001553. [PMID: 36238572 PMCID: PMC9553197 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1001553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bee venom (BV), a type of defensive venom, has been confirmed to have favorable activities, such as anti-tumor, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-infectivity effects, etc. This study reviewed the recent progress on the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of BV and its main components against cancer, neurological disorders, inflammatory diseases, pain, microbial diseases, liver, kidney, lung and muscle injury, and other diseases in literature during the years 2018-2021. The related target proteins of BV and its main components against the diseases include Akt, mTOR, JNK, Wnt-5α, HIF-1α, NF-κB, JAK2, Nrf2, BDNF, Smad2/3, AMPK, and so on, which are referring to PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, HIF-1α, NF-κB, JAK/STAT, Nrf2/HO-1, TrkB/CREB/BDNF, TGF-β/Smad2/3, and AMPK signaling pathways, etc. Further, with the reported targets, the potential effects and mechanisms on diseases were bioinformatically predicted via Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, disease ontology semantic and enrichment (DOSE) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses. This review provides new insights into the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of BV and its main components on diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiying Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Natural Biotoxins, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shihui Xie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuo Han
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Songkun Su
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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26
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Therapeutic Effect of Bee Venom and Melittin on Skin Infection Caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14100663. [PMID: 36287932 PMCID: PMC9611473 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14100663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) bacteria cause almost all primary skin infections in humans. Bee venom (BV) and melittin (Mel) have multiple effects, including antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aims to demonstrate their effects on bacterial mouse skin infection using S. pyogenes. The dorsal skin was tape-stripped, then S. pyogenes was topically applied. BV or Mel were topically applied to the lesion. The tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, while immunohistochemical staining was performed with anti-neutrophil. S. pyogenes-infected skin revealed increased epidermal and dermal layers, but it was reduced in the BV and Mel groups. Finding increased neutrophils in the mice infected with S. pyogenes, but the BV and Mel mice showed decreased expression. These results suggest that BV and Mel treatments could reduce the inflammatory reactions and help improve lesions induced by S. pyogenes skin infection. This study provides additional assessment of the potential therapeutic effects of BV and Mel in managing skin infection caused by S. pyogenes, further suggesting that it could be a candidate for developing novel treatment alternative for streptococcal skin infections.
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27
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Asma ST, Bobiş O, Bonta V, Acaroz U, Shah SRA, Istanbullugil FR, Arslan-Acaroz D. General Nutritional Profile of Bee Products and Their Potential Antiviral Properties against Mammalian Viruses. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173579. [PMID: 36079835 PMCID: PMC9460612 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bee products have been extensively employed in traditional therapeutic practices to treat several diseases and microbial infections. Numerous bioactive components of bee products have exhibited several antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, antiprotozoal, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory properties. Apitherapy is a form of alternative medicine that uses the bioactive properties of bee products to prevent and/or treat different diseases. This review aims to provide an elaborated vision of the antiviral activities of bee products with recent advances in research. Since ancient times, bee products have been well known for their several medicinal properties. The antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of bee products and their bioactive components are emerging as a promising alternative therapy against several viral infections. Numerous studies have been performed, but many clinical trials should be conducted to evaluate the potential of apitherapy against pathogenic viruses. In that direction, here, we review and highlight the potential roles of bee products as apitherapeutics in combating numerous viral infections. Available studies validate the effectiveness of bee products in virus inhibition. With such significant antiviral potential, bee products and their bioactive components/extracts can be effectively employed as an alternative strategy to improve human health from individual to communal levels as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Tasmia Asma
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey
| | - Otilia Bobiş
- Department of Beekeeping and Sericulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (O.B.); (U.A.)
| | - Victoriţa Bonta
- Department of Beekeeping and Sericulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ulas Acaroz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey
- Correspondence: (O.B.); (U.A.)
| | - Syed Rizwan Ali Shah
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ramazan Istanbullugil
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek KG-720038, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Damla Arslan-Acaroz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey
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Alamoudi AA, Alharbi AS, Abdel-Naim AB, Badr-Eldin SM, Awan ZA, Okbazghi SZ, Ahmed OAA, Alhakamy NA, Fahmy UA, Esmat A. Novel Nanoconjugate of Apamin and Ceftriaxone for Management of Diabetic Wounds. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1096. [PMID: 35888184 PMCID: PMC9323216 DOI: 10.3390/life12071096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic hyperglycemia delays wound healing, leading to serious consequences. Topical antibiotics can reduce the risk of a wound infection during healing; nevertheless, the microbial fight against antibiotics brings about public health challenges. Anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) belong to a novel class of drug that is used to prevent and treat systemic and topical infections. The aim of the current work was to achieve better wound healing in diabetic rats by conjugating the anti-microbial peptide "apamin" (APA) with the broad-spectrum antibiotic "ceftriaxone" (CTX) to form a nanocomplex. The CTX-APA nanoconjugate formulation was optimized using a Box-Behnken design. The optimized CTX-APA nanoconjugate formulation was evaluated for its size and zeta potential, and was then examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The CTX-APA nanoconjugate was loaded onto a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (2% w/v)-based hydrogel. It was observed that the application of the CTX-APA nanocomplex on the wounded skin of diabetic rats accelerated the regeneration of the epithelium, granulation tissue formation, epidermal proliferation, and keratinization. The nanocomplex was capable of significantly reducing the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), while increasing the expression of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) as well as the angiogenic markers: hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Conclusively, the application of an ion-paired CTX-APA nanocomplex enhances wound healing in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A. Alamoudi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (A.S.A.); (S.M.B.-E.); (O.A.A.A.); (N.A.A.); (U.A.F.)
| | - Awaad S. Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (A.S.A.); (S.M.B.-E.); (O.A.A.A.); (N.A.A.); (U.A.F.)
- Alrass General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Qassim Region, Ar Rass 58883, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf B. Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (A.S.A.); (S.M.B.-E.); (O.A.A.A.); (N.A.A.); (U.A.F.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Zuhier A. Awan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Solomon Z. Okbazghi
- Global Analytical and Pharmaceutical Development, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Osama A. A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (A.S.A.); (S.M.B.-E.); (O.A.A.A.); (N.A.A.); (U.A.F.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (A.S.A.); (S.M.B.-E.); (O.A.A.A.); (N.A.A.); (U.A.F.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Usama A. Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (A.S.A.); (S.M.B.-E.); (O.A.A.A.); (N.A.A.); (U.A.F.)
| | - Ahmed Esmat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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Animal venoms as a source of antiviral peptides active against arboviruses: a systematic review. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1763-1772. [PMID: 35723756 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05494-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), such as Zika virus (ZIKV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), dengue virus (DENV), yellow fever virus (YFV), and West Nile virus (WNV), are pathogens of global importance. Therefore, there has been an increasing need for new drugs for the treatment of these viral infections. In this context, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) obtained from animal venoms stand out as promising compounds because they exhibit strong antiviral activity against emerging arboviral pathogens. Thus, we systematically searched and critically analyzed in vitro and in vivo studies that evaluated the anti-arbovirus effect of peptide derivatives from toxins produced by vertebrates and invertebrates. Thirteen studies that evaluated the antiviral action of 10 peptides against arboviruses were included in this review. The peptides were derived from the venom of scorpions, spiders, wasps, snakes, sea snails, and frogs and were tested against DENV, ZIKV, YFV, WNV, and CHIKV. Despite the high structural variety of the peptides included in this study, their antiviral activity appears to be associated with the presence of positive charges, an excess of basic amino acids (mainly lysine), and a high isoelectric point (above 8). These peptides use different antiviral mechanisms, the most common of which is the inhibition of viral replication, release, entry, or fusion. Moreover, peptides with virucidal and cytoprotective (pre-treatment) effects were also identified. In conclusion, animal-venom-derived peptides stand out as a promising alternative in the search and development of prototype antivirals against arboviruses.
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Abdelsattar AS, Makky S, Nofal R, Hebishy M, Agwa MM, Aly RG, Abo El-Naga MY, Heikal YA, Fayez MS, Rezk N, El-Shibiny A. Enhancement of wound healing via topical application of natural products: In vitro and in vivo evaluations. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Membrane Cholesterol Content and Lipid Organization Influence Melittin and Pneumolysin Pore-Forming Activity. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14050346. [PMID: 35622592 PMCID: PMC9147762 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14050346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melittin, the main toxic component in the venom of the European honeybee, interacts with natural and artificial membranes due to its amphiphilic properties. Rather than interacting with a specific receptor, melittin interacts with the lipid components, disrupting the lipid bilayer and inducing ion leakage and osmotic shock. This mechanism of action is shared with pneumolysin and other members of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin family. In this manuscript, we investigated the inverse correlation for cholesterol dependency of these two toxins. While pneumolysin-induced damage is reduced by pretreatment with the cholesterol-depleting agent methyl-β-cyclodextrin, the toxicity of melittin, after cholesterol depletion, increased. A similar response was also observed after a short incubation with lipophilic simvastatin, which alters membrane lipid organization and structure, clustering lipid rafts. Therefore, changes in toxin sensitivity can be achieved in cells by depleting cholesterol or changing the lipid bilayer organization.
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Sonmez E, Kekecoglu M, Bozdeveci A, Karaoglu SA. Chemical profiling and antimicrobial effect of Anatolian honey bee venom. Toxicon 2022; 213:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Aburayan WS, Alajmi AM, Alfahad AJ, Alsharif WK, Alshehri AA, Booq RY, Alsudir SA, Alsulaihem FM, Bukhary HA, Badr MY, Alyamani EJ, Tawfik EA. Melittin from Bee Venom Encapsulating Electrospun Fibers as a Potential Antimicrobial Wound Dressing Patches for Skin Infections. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040725. [PMID: 35456558 PMCID: PMC9030956 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin infection compromises the body’s natural defenses. Several antibiotics are no longer effective owing to the evolution of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria, hence, the constant development of novel antibacterial agents. Naturally occurring antibacterial agents may be potential candidates for AMR bacterial infection treatments; however, caution should be taken when administering such agents due to the high incidence of toxicity. A fibrous material system from a biocompatible polymer that could be used as a skin patch for skin infections treatment caused by AMR bacteria is proposed in this study. Bee venom’s active ingredient, melittin, was fabricated using electrospinning technology. Scanning electron microscopy showed that melittin-loaded fibers had smooth surfaces with no signs of beads or pores. The average diameter of this fibrous system was measured to be 1030 ± 160 nm, indicating its successful preparation. The melittin fibers’ drug loading and entrapment efficiency (EE%) were 49 ± 3 µg/mg and 84 ± 5%, respectively. This high EE% can be another successful preparatory criterion. An in vitro release study demonstrated that 40% of melittin was released after 5 min and achieved complete release after 120 min owing to the hydrophilic nature of the PVP polymer. A concentration of ≤10 µg/mL was shown to be safe for use on human dermal fibroblasts HFF-1 after 24-h exposure, while an antibacterial MIC study found that 5 μg/mL was the effective antimicrobial concentration for S. aureus, A. baumannii, E. coli and Candida albicans yeast. A melittin-loaded fibrous system demonstrated an antibacterial zone of inhibition equivalent to the control (melittin discs), suggesting its potential use as a wound dressing patch for skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa S. Aburayan
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.A.); (A.M.A.); (A.J.A.); (W.K.A.); (A.A.A.); (R.Y.B.); (S.A.A.); (F.M.A.); (E.J.A.)
| | - Areej M. Alajmi
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.A.); (A.M.A.); (A.J.A.); (W.K.A.); (A.A.A.); (R.Y.B.); (S.A.A.); (F.M.A.); (E.J.A.)
| | - Ahmed J. Alfahad
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.A.); (A.M.A.); (A.J.A.); (W.K.A.); (A.A.A.); (R.Y.B.); (S.A.A.); (F.M.A.); (E.J.A.)
| | - Wijdan K. Alsharif
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.A.); (A.M.A.); (A.J.A.); (W.K.A.); (A.A.A.); (R.Y.B.); (S.A.A.); (F.M.A.); (E.J.A.)
| | - Abdullah A. Alshehri
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.A.); (A.M.A.); (A.J.A.); (W.K.A.); (A.A.A.); (R.Y.B.); (S.A.A.); (F.M.A.); (E.J.A.)
| | - Rayan Y. Booq
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.A.); (A.M.A.); (A.J.A.); (W.K.A.); (A.A.A.); (R.Y.B.); (S.A.A.); (F.M.A.); (E.J.A.)
| | - Samar A. Alsudir
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.A.); (A.M.A.); (A.J.A.); (W.K.A.); (A.A.A.); (R.Y.B.); (S.A.A.); (F.M.A.); (E.J.A.)
| | - Fatemah M. Alsulaihem
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.A.); (A.M.A.); (A.J.A.); (W.K.A.); (A.A.A.); (R.Y.B.); (S.A.A.); (F.M.A.); (E.J.A.)
| | - Haitham A. Bukhary
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.B.); (M.Y.B.)
| | - Moutaz Y. Badr
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.B.); (M.Y.B.)
| | - Essam J. Alyamani
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.A.); (A.M.A.); (A.J.A.); (W.K.A.); (A.A.A.); (R.Y.B.); (S.A.A.); (F.M.A.); (E.J.A.)
| | - Essam A. Tawfik
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.A.); (A.M.A.); (A.J.A.); (W.K.A.); (A.A.A.); (R.Y.B.); (S.A.A.); (F.M.A.); (E.J.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Antiviral Effects of Animal Toxins: Is There a Way to Drugs? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073634. [PMID: 35408989 PMCID: PMC8998278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses infect all types of organisms, causing viral diseases, which are very common in humans. Since viruses use the metabolic pathways of their host cells to replicate, they are difficult to eradicate without affecting the cells. The most effective measures against viral infections are vaccinations and antiviral drugs, which selectively inhibit the viral replication cycle. Both methods have disadvantages, which requires the development of new approaches to the treatment of viral diseases. In the study of animal venoms, it was found that, in addition to toxicity, venoms exhibit other types of biological activity, including an antiviral one, the first mention of which dates back to middle of the last century, but detailed studies of their antiviral activity have been conducted over the past 15 years. The COVID-19 pandemic has reinforced these studies and several compounds with antiviral activity have been identified in venoms. Some of them are very active and can be considered as the basis for antiviral drugs. This review discusses recent antiviral studies, the found compounds with high antiviral activity, and the possible mechanisms of their action. The prospects for using the animal venom components to create antiviral drugs, and the expected problems and possible solutions are also considered.
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Lima WG, Batista Filho FL, Lima IP, Simião DC, Brito JCM, da Cruz Nizer WS, Cardoso VN, Fernandes SOA. Antibacterial, anti-biofilm, and anti-adhesive activities of melittin, a honeybee venom-derived peptide, against quinolone-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:6381-6388. [PMID: 35073796 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2032047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrated the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of melittin, a peptide derived from honeybee venom, against uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) resistant to quinolones. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of melittin varied from 0.5 to 8 μM. The bactericidal effect was considered rapid and potent (ranging from 3.0 to 6.0 h after incubation) against a quinolone-resistant and Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing UPEC strain. Prior exposure to melittin did not reduce the MIC of the quinolones tested, but it decreased the MIC of ceftizoxime by 8-fold due to its ability to form pores in the membrane. Furthermore, melittin disrupted mature biofilms (39.58% at 32 μM) and inhibited the adhesion of this uropathogen to the surfaces of urethral catheter. These results show that melittin is a promising molecule that can be incorporated into invasive urethral medical devices to prevent urinary infections caused by multidrug-resistant UPECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Gustavo Lima
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Francisco Leandro Batista Filho
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Iasmin Pinheiro Lima
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniela Carolina Simião
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Valbert Nascimento Cardoso
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Simone Odília Antunes Fernandes
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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El-Seedi HR, Eid N, Abd El-Wahed AA, Rateb ME, Afifi HS, Algethami AF, Zhao C, Al Naggar Y, Alsharif SM, Tahir HE, Xu B, Wang K, Khalifa SAM. Honey Bee Products: Preclinical and Clinical Studies of Their Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Properties. Front Nutr 2022; 8:761267. [PMID: 35047540 PMCID: PMC8762236 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.761267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a defense process triggered when the body faces assaults from pathogens, toxic substances, microbial infections, or when tissue is damaged. Immune and inflammatory disorders are common pathogenic pathways that lead to the progress of various chronic diseases, such as cancer and diabetes. The overproduction of cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, is an essential parameter in the clinical diagnosis of auto-inflammatory diseases. In this review, the effects of bee products have on inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are discussed with respect to the current literature. The databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Sci-Finder and clinical trials were screened using different combinations of the following terms: “immunomodulatory”, “anti-inflammatory”, “bee products”, “honey”, “propolis”, “royal jelly”, “bee venom”, “bee pollen”, “bee bread”, “preclinical trials”, “clinical trials”, and “safety”. Honey bee products, including propolis, royal jelly, honey, bee venom, and bee pollen, or their bioactive chemical constituents like polyphenols, demonstrate interesting therapeutic potential in the regulation of inflammatory mediator production as per the increase of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, Il-2, and Il-7, and the decrease of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Additionally, improvement in the immune response via activation of B and T lymphocyte cells, both in in vitro, in vivo and in clinical studies was reported. Thus, the biological properties of bee products as anti-inflammatory, immune protective, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and antimicrobial agents have prompted further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Nehal Eid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Aida A Abd El-Wahed
- Department of Bee Research, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mostafa E Rateb
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom
| | - Hanan S Afifi
- Food Research Section, R&D Division, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Chao Zhao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yahya Al Naggar
- General Zoology Group, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sultan M Alsharif
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Baojun Xu
- Programme of Food Science and Technology, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaden A M Khalifa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Elswaby S, Sadik M, Azouz A, Emam N, Ali M. In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of honeybee venom and propolis collected from various regions in Egypt. EGYPTIAN PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/epj.epj_18_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Schaefer KG, Pittman AE, Barrera FN, King GM. Atomic force microscopy for quantitative understanding of peptide-induced lipid bilayer remodeling. Methods 2022; 197:20-29. [PMID: 33164792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of peptides are known to bind lipid bilayer membranes and cause these natural barriers to leak in an uncontrolled manner. Though membrane permeabilizing peptides play critical roles in cellular activity and may have promising future applications in the therapeutic arena, significant questions remain about their mechanisms of action. The atomic force microscope (AFM) is a single molecule imaging tool capable of addressing lipid bilayers in near-native fluid conditions. The apparatus complements traditional assays by providing local topographic maps of bilayer remodeling induced by membrane permeabilizing peptides. The information garnered from the AFM includes direct visualization and statistical analyses of distinct bilayer remodeling modes such as highly localized pore-like voids in the bilayer and dispersed thinned membrane regions. Colocalization of distinct remodeling modes can be studied. Here we examine recent work in the field and outline methods used to achieve precise AFM image data. Experimental challenges and common pitfalls are discussed as well as techniques for unbiased analysis including the Hessian blob detection algorithm, bootstrapping, and the Bayesian information criterion. When coupled with robust statistical analyses, high precision AFM data is poised to advance understanding of an important family of peptides that cause poration of membrane bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Schaefer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - A E Pittman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - F N Barrera
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - G M King
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Antifungal and antibiofilm activities of bee venom loaded on chitosan nanoparticles: a novel approach for combating fungal human pathogens. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:244. [PMID: 36280608 PMCID: PMC9592658 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03425-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of opportunistic human fungal pathogens is increasing worldwide, and antimicrobial resistance is one of the greatest medical challenges the world faces. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a novel agent to control fungal pathogens. The honeybee products (honey, royal jelly, propolis, bee bread, and bee venom) were screened against unicellular fungal (UCF) pathogens (Cryptococcus neoformans, Kodamaea ohmeri, and Candida albicans) and the bee venom was only exhibited an inhibitory effect against them. The protein contents of crude bee venom were separated using the gel filtration technique into eight fractions which were visualized on sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) to confirm the presence of five bands with molecular weights of 65, 43, 21, 15, and 3 KDa. Bee venom (BV) of Apis mellifera loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by the ionotropic gelation method. The encapsulation efficiency%, average size, zeta potentials, and surface appearance by Transmission electron microscope (TEM) were evaluated for the prepared nanoparticles. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of crude BV and BV loaded chitosan nanoparticles (BV-CNPs) was evaluated against the offer mentioned UCF where the MIC values of crude BV were 6.25, 3.12 & 6.25 while MIC values in the case of BV-CNPs were decreased to 3.12, 3.12 & 1.56 mg/ml against C. neoformans, K. ohmeri and C. albicans, respectively. Also, the results showed that BV-CNPs suppressed the biofilm formation as well as yeast to hyphal transition formed by the examined UCF. These results revealed that BV-CNPs are a promising natural compound for fungal pathogens treatment.
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Nabian S, Farhoudi R, Taheri M, Soltani M, Nezhad Fard R, Shahedin G. Rational design of a hybrid peptide against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 using melittin and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as pharmaceutical agents. Adv Biomed Res 2022; 11:88. [DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_341_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Maitip J, Mookhploy W, Khorndork S, Chantawannakul P. Comparative Study of Antimicrobial Properties of Bee Venom Extracts and Melittins of Honey Bees. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121503. [PMID: 34943715 PMCID: PMC8698802 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bee venom (BV), or apitoxin, is a complex substance produced by a gland in the abdominal cavity of bees. The main component of BV is melittin, which is a largely studied substance due to its biological properties. To date, the most well-known bee venom and melittin are derived from domesticated honey bees, while venom and melittin derived from wild honey bees have been under-investigated. Hence, this study primarily reports the antimicrobial activities of bee venom and synthetic melittin derived from four different honey bee species (Apis mellifera, A. cerana, A. dorsata, and A. florea) in Thailand. All the bee venom extracts and melittins showed more robust antibacterial activities against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus MRSA, and S. epidermidis) than Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneuminiae, and Salmonella typhimurium) or a fungus (Candida albicans), while the synthetic melittins also have antimicrobial activity at higher concentrations than the bee venom extract. Furthermore, the A. cerana venom extract showed the highest activity against the tested bacteria, followed by A. mellifera, A. florea, and A. dorsata. Therefore, A. cerana venom may be further developed for use in medical applications as a potential alternative agent against Gram-positive bacteria and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakkrawut Maitip
- Faculty of Science, Energy and Environment, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Rayong Campus, Rayong 21120, Thailand;
| | - Wannapha Mookhploy
- Bee Protection Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Supharerk Khorndork
- Bee Protection Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Panuwan Chantawannakul
- Bee Protection Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.M.); (S.K.)
- Environmental Science Research Center (ESRC), Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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Honeybee and Plant Products as Natural Antimicrobials in Enhancement of Poultry Health and Production. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13158467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The quality and safety attributes of poultry products have attracted increasing widespread attention and interest from scholarly groups and the general population. As natural and safe alternatives to synthetic and artificial chemical drugs (e.g., antibiotics), botanical products are recently being used in poultry farms more than 60% of the time for producing organic products. Medicinal plants, and honeybee products, are natural substances, and they were added to poultry diets in a small amount (between 1% and 3%) as a source of nutrition and to provide health benefits for poultry. In addition, they have several biological functions in the poultry body and may help to enhance their welfare. These supplements can increase the bodyweight of broilers and the egg production of laying hens by approximately 7% and 10% and enhance meat and egg quality by more than 25%. Moreover, they can improve rooster semen quality by an average of 20%. Previous research on the main biological activities performed by biotics has shown that most research only concentrated on the notion of using botanical products as growth promoters, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial agents. In the current review, the critical effects and functions of bee products and botanicals are explored as natural and safe alternative feed additives in poultry production, such as antioxidants, sexual-stimulants, immuno-stimulants, and for producing healthy products.
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Askari P, Namaei MH, Ghazvini K, Hosseini M. In vitro and in vivo toxicity and antibacterial efficacy of melittin against clinical extensively drug-resistant bacteria. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 22:42. [PMID: 34261542 PMCID: PMC8281584 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-021-00503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melittin is one of the most studied antimicrobial peptides, and several in vitro experiments have demonstrated its antibacterial efficacy. However, there is evidence showing melittin has non-promising effects such as cytotoxicity and hemolysis. Therefore, concerns about unwanted collateral toxicity of melittin lie ahead in the path toward its clinical development. With these considerations, the present study aimed to fill the gap between in vitro and in vivo studies. METHODS In the first step, in vitro toxicity profile of melittin was assessed using cytotoxicity and hemolysis tests. Next, a maximum intraperitoneal (i.p.) sub-lethal dose was determined using BALB/c mice. Besides toxicity, antimicrobial efficacy of melittin against extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumonia (KPC-KP) pathogens were tested using both in vitro and in vivo methods. RESULTS Melittin showed extensive hemolysis (HD50 = 0.44 µg/mL), and cytotoxicity (IC50 = 6.45 µg/mL) activities with i.p. LD50 value of 4.98 mg/kg in BALB/c mice. In vitro antimicrobial evaluation showed melittin MIC range from 8 to 32 µg/mL for the studied pathogens. Treatment of infected mice with repeated sub-lethal doses of melittin (2.4 mg/kg) displayed no beneficial effect on their survival and peritoneal bacterial loads. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that melittin at its safe dose could not exhibit antimicrobial activity, which hinders its application in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Askari
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Namaei
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mehran Hosseini
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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El-Ashram S, El-Samad LM, Basha AA, El Wakil A. Naturally-derived targeted therapy for wound healing: Beyond classical strategies. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105749. [PMID: 34214630 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the four processes of wound healing in the human body (hemostasis, inflammatory, proliferation, and remodeling) and the most current research on the most important factors affecting cutaneous wound healing and the underlying cellular and/or molecular pathways. Local factors, including temperature, oxygenation, and infection, and systemic factors, such as age, diabetes, sex hormones, genetic components, autoimmune diseases, psychological stress, smoking and obesity are also addressed. A better understanding of the role of these factors in wound repair could result in the development of therapeutics that promote wound healing and resolve affected wounds. Additionally, natural products obtained from plants and animals are critical targets for the discovery of novel biologically significant pharmacophores, such as medicines and agrochemicals. This review outlines the most recent advances in naturally derived targeted treatment for wound healing. These are plant-derived natural products, insect-derived natural products, marine-derived natural products, nanomaterial-based wound-healing therapeutics (metal- and non-metal-based nanoparticles), and natural product-based nanomedicine to improve the future direction of wound healing. Natural products extracted from plants and animals have advanced significantly, particularly in the treatment of wound healing. As a result, the isolation and extraction of bioactive compounds from a variety of sources can continue to advance our understanding of wound healing. Undescribed bioactive compounds or unexplored formulations that could have a role in today's medicinal arsenal may be contained in the abundance of natural products and natural product derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed El-Ashram
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan Street, Foshan 528231, Guangdong Province, China; Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Lamia M El-Samad
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Amal A Basha
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Egypt
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Egypt
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Promising Antimicrobial Properties of Bioactive Compounds from Different Honeybee Products. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134007. [PMID: 34209107 PMCID: PMC8272120 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bee products have been known for centuries for their versatile healing properties. In recent decades they have become the subject of documented scientific research. This review aims to present and compare the impact of bee products and their components as antimicrobial agents. Honey, propolis, royal jelly and bee venom are bee products that have antibacterial properties. Sensitivity of bacteria to these products varies considerably between products and varieties of the same product depending on their origin. According to the type of bee product, different degrees of activity were observed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, molds and dermatophytes, as well as biofilm-forming microorganisms. Pseudomonas aeruginosa turned out to be the most resistant to bee products. An analysis of average minimum inhibitory concentration values for bee products showed that bee venom has the strongest bacterial effectiveness, while royal jelly showed the weakest antibacterial activity. The most challenging problems associated with using bee products for medical purposes are dosage and safety. The complexity and variability in composition of these products raise the need for their standardization before safe and predictable clinical uses can be achieved.
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Bee Pollen and Bee Bread as a Source of Bacteria Producing Antimicrobials. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060713. [PMID: 34199247 PMCID: PMC8231920 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The principal objective of the study was the isolation and identification of bacteria that are present in mature bee bread (BB) and dried (ready for selling and consumption) bee pollen (BP). Obtained isolates were screened for their potential to inhibit select human pathogenic bacteria and their ability to produce enzymes of particular industrial importance. Four and five samples of BP and BB, respectively, were used for the study. In total, 81 strains of bacteria were isolated, and 34 (42%) of them exhibited antagonistic interactions with at least one reference strain of pathogenic bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus epidermidis 12228, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27857, and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. The sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that all strains producing antimicrobials belong to the genus Bacillus spp., and among them, five species were identified: B. pumilus (n = 17), B. altitudinis (n = 9), B. licheniformis (n = 4), B. subtilis (n = 2), and B. safensis (n = 1). Furthermore, 69, 54, 39, and 29 of the strains exhibited lipolytic, proteolytic, cellulolytic, and esterolytic activity, respectively. Alpha amylase and beta galactosidase activity were rarely observed, and none of the strains produced laccase. The outcomes of the study revealed that BP and BB can be considered potential sources of bacteria producing antimicrobial agents and/or enzymes of particular industrial importance. Of course, additional research is required to verify this hypothesis, but the results of preliminary studies are promising.
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Kim W. Bee Venom and Its Sub-Components: Characterization, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13030191. [PMID: 33799931 PMCID: PMC7998195 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13030191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Woojin Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea
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Hashem NM, Hassanein EM, Simal-Gandara J. Improving Reproductive Performance and Health of Mammals Using Honeybee Products. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:336. [PMID: 33668287 PMCID: PMC7996195 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Honeybee products have positive effects on the reproductive performance of mammals. Many honeybee product constituents are biologically active, with antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antifungal, wound-healing, and cardio-protective properties. Honeybee products also improve male and female fertility rates by enhancing gamete cryopreservation, in vitro maturation and fertilization, and embryo development. Previously published studies confirmed their efficacy for alleviating reproductive toxicity caused by contaminants and lifestyle habits that impair overall health and well-being. However, high-dose oral administration of honeybee products may adversely affect the reproductive system, and unfavorable effects were alleviated by treatment cessation. For this reason, this review proposes that bioactive components from bee products can be used as a strategy for improving the reproductive performance and health of mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrein M. Hashem
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt;
| | - Eman M. Hassanein
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt;
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
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Bee Venom in Wound Healing. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 26:molecules26010148. [PMID: 33396220 PMCID: PMC7795515 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bee venom (BV), also known as api-toxin, is widely used in the treatment of different inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or multiple sclerosis. It is also known that BV can improve the wound healing process. BV plays a crucial role in the modulation of the different phases of wound repair. It possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, antiviral, antimicrobial and analgesic properties, all of which have a positive impact on the wound healing process. The mentioned process consists of four phases, i.e., hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodeling. The impaired wound healing process constitutes a significant problem especially in diabetic patients, due to hypoxia state. It had been found that BV accelerated the wound healing in diabetic patients as well as in laboratory animals by impairing the caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 activity. Moreover, the activity of BV in wound healing is associated with regulating the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF-β1), vascular endothelial growth factor and increased collagen type I. BV stimulates the proliferation and migration of human epidermal keratinocytes and fibroblasts. In combination with polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan, BV significantly accelerates the wound healing process, increasing the hydroxyproline and glutathione and lowering the IL-6 level in wound tissues. The effect of BV on the wounds has been proved by numerous studies, which revealed that BV in the wound healing process brings about a curative effect and could be applied as a new potential treatment for wound repair. However, therapy with bee venom may induce allergic reactions, so it is necessary to assess the existence of the patient’s hypersensitivity to apitoxin before treatment.
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Didaras NA, Karatasou K, Dimitriou TG, Amoutzias GD, Mossialos D. Antimicrobial Activity of Bee-Collected Pollen and Beebread: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110811. [PMID: 33202560 PMCID: PMC7697837 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bee-collected pollen (BCP) is a well-known functional food. Honey bees process the collected pollen and store it in the hive, inside the comb cells. The processed pollen is called bee- bread or ambrosia and it is the main source of proteins, lipids, vitamins, macro-and micro-elements in honey bee nutrition. During storage, beebread undergoes solid state fermentation which preserves it and increases the bioavailability of nutrients. Research on beebread has been rather limited until now. In recent years, there is an increasing interest regarding the antimicrobial properties of BCP and beebread, due to emerging antimicrobial resistance by pathogens. Both BCP and beebread exhibit antimicrobial properties against diverse pathogens, like bacteria and fungi. As is the case with other bee products, lack of antimicrobial resistance might be attributed to the synergy of more than one antimicrobial compounds within BCP and beebread. Furthermore, BCP and bee bread exert targeted activity against pathogens and affect the host microbiome in a prebiotic manner. This review aims to present up to date research findings regarding these aspects as well as to discuss current challenges and future perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Asoutis Didaras
- Microbial Biotechnology-Molecular Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Volos, Greece; (N.A.D.); (T.G.D.)
| | - Katerina Karatasou
- Apicultural Centre of Larissa, Federation of Greek Beekeepers Associations, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Tilemachos G Dimitriou
- Microbial Biotechnology-Molecular Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Volos, Greece; (N.A.D.); (T.G.D.)
| | - Grigoris D. Amoutzias
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Volos, Greece;
| | - Dimitris Mossialos
- Microbial Biotechnology-Molecular Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Volos, Greece; (N.A.D.); (T.G.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-241-056-5270
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