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Chen M, Li B, Wei W, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Li C, Huang Q. Ultrafast protein digestion using an immobilized enzyme reactor following high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis for rapid identification of abrin toxin. Analyst 2024; 149:3783-3792. [PMID: 38845587 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00406j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Abrin toxin, highly dangerous with an estimated human lethal dose of 0.1-1 μg per kg body weight, has attracted much attention regarding criminal and terroristic misuse over the past decade. Therefore, developing a rapid detection method for abrin toxin is of great significance in the field of biosecurity. In this study, based on the specific dissociation method of an immobilized enzyme reactor, the trypsin immobilized reactor Fe3O4@CTS-GA-Try was prepared to replace free trypsin, and the immobilized enzyme digestion process was systematically investigated and optimized by using bovine serum albumin as the simulant of abrin. After 5 min one-step denaturation and reduction, a satisfactory peptide number and coverage were yielded with only 15 s assisted by an ultrasound probe to identify model proteins. Subsequently, abrin was rapidly digested using the established method, resulting in a stable and highly reproducible characteristic peptide number of 39, which can be analyzed by nanoelectrospray ionization coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. With the acquisition mode of full MS scan coupled with PRM, not only MS spectroscopy of total abrin peptides but also the corresponding MS/MS spectroscopy of specific abrin peptides can achieve the characteristic detection of abrin toxin and its different isoforms in less than 10 minutes, with high repeatability. This assay provides a universal platform and has great potential for the development of on-site detection and rapid mass spectrometric analysis techniques for macromolecular protein toxins and can further be applied to the integrated detection of chemical and biological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
| | - Baoqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
| | - Wenlu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
| | - Zhongyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
| | - Cuiping Li
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
| | - Qibin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
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Ezan E, Simon S. Introduction to the Toxins Special Issue: "Antibodies for Toxins: From Detection to Therapeutics". Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14050363. [PMID: 35622609 PMCID: PMC9146352 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14050363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This Special Issue aims to provide an up-to-date investigation and reviews linked to antibody-based technologies for medical countermeasures and detection/diagnosis tools for toxins [...].
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Bai X, Hu C, Chen L, Wang J, Li Y, Wan W, Jin Z, Li Y, Xin W, Kang L, Jin H, Yang H, Wang J, Gao S. A Self-Driven Microfluidic Chip for Ricin and Abrin Detection. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22093461. [PMID: 35591151 PMCID: PMC9101213 DOI: 10.3390/s22093461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Ricin and abrin are phytotoxins that can be easily used as biowarfare and bioterrorism agents. Therefore, developing a rapid detection method for both toxins is of great significance in the field of biosecurity. In this study, a novel nanoforest silicon microstructure was prepared by the micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technique; particularly, a novel microfluidic sensor chip with a capillary self-driven function and large surface area was designed. Through binding with the double antibodies sandwich immunoassay, the proposed sensor chip is confirmed to be a candidate for sensing the aforementioned toxins. Compared with conventional immunochromatographic test strips, the proposed sensor demonstrates significantly enhanced sensitivity (≤10 pg/mL for both toxins) and high specificity against the interference derived from juice or milk, while maintaining good linearity in the range of 10–6250 pg/mL. Owing to the silicon nanoforest microstructure and improved homogeneity of the color signal, short detection time (within 15 min) is evidenced for the sensor chip, which would be helpful for the rapid tracking of ricin and abrin for the field of biosecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chenyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yanwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Wei Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zhiying Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Wenwen Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Lin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Han Jin
- Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
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Worbs S, Kampa B, Skiba M, Hansbauer EM, Stern D, Volland H, Becher F, Simon S, Dorner MB, Dorner BG. Differentiation, Quantification and Identification of Abrin and Abrus precatorius Agglutinin. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13040284. [PMID: 33919561 PMCID: PMC8073929 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13040284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abrin, the toxic lectin from the rosary pea plant Abrus precatorius, has gained considerable interest in the recent past due to its potential malevolent use. However, reliable and easy-to-use assays for the detection and discrimination of abrin from related plant proteins such as Abrus precatorius agglutinin or the homologous toxin ricin from Ricinus communis are sparse. To address this gap, a panel of highly specific monoclonal antibodies was generated against abrin and the related Abrus precatorius agglutinin. These antibodies were used to establish two sandwich ELISAs to preferentially detect abrin or A. precatorius agglutinin (limit of detection 22 pg/mL for abrin; 35 pg/mL for A. precatorius agglutinin). Furthermore, an abrin-specific lateral flow assay was developed for rapid on-site detection (limit of detection ~1 ng/mL abrin). Assays were validated for complex food, environmental and clinical matrices illustrating broad applicability in different threat scenarios. Additionally, the antibodies turned out to be suitable for immuno-enrichment strategies in combination with mass spectrometry-based approaches for unambiguous identification. Finally, we were able to demonstrate for the first time how the developed assays can be applied to detect, identify and quantify abrin from a clinical sample derived from an attempted suicide case involving A. precatorius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Worbs
- Biological Toxins, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.W.); (B.K.); (M.S.); (E.-M.H.); (D.S.); (M.B.D.)
| | - Bettina Kampa
- Biological Toxins, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.W.); (B.K.); (M.S.); (E.-M.H.); (D.S.); (M.B.D.)
| | - Martin Skiba
- Biological Toxins, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.W.); (B.K.); (M.S.); (E.-M.H.); (D.S.); (M.B.D.)
| | - Eva-Maria Hansbauer
- Biological Toxins, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.W.); (B.K.); (M.S.); (E.-M.H.); (D.S.); (M.B.D.)
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (H.V.); (F.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Daniel Stern
- Biological Toxins, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.W.); (B.K.); (M.S.); (E.-M.H.); (D.S.); (M.B.D.)
| | - Hervé Volland
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (H.V.); (F.B.); (S.S.)
| | - François Becher
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (H.V.); (F.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Stéphanie Simon
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (H.V.); (F.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Martin B. Dorner
- Biological Toxins, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.W.); (B.K.); (M.S.); (E.-M.H.); (D.S.); (M.B.D.)
| | - Brigitte G. Dorner
- Biological Toxins, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.W.); (B.K.); (M.S.); (E.-M.H.); (D.S.); (M.B.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-18754-2500
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