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Oliveira R, Pinho E, Barros MM, Azevedo NF, Almeida C. In vitro selection of DNA aptamers against staphylococcal enterotoxin A. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11345. [PMID: 38762575 PMCID: PMC11102521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) is the most frequently reported in staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) outbreaks. Aptamers are single-stranded nucleic acids that are seen as promising alternatives to antibodies in several areas, including diagnostics. In this work, systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) was used to select DNA aptamers against SEA. The SELEX protocol employed magnetic beads as an immobilization matrix for the target molecule and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for monitoring and optimizing sequence enrichment. After 10 selection cycles, the ssDNA pool with the highest affinity was sequenced by next generation sequencing (NGS). Approximately 3 million aptamer candidates were identified, and the most representative cluster sequences were selected for further characterization. The aptamer with the highest affinity showed an experimental dissociation constant (KD) of 13.36 ± 18.62 nM. Increased temperature negatively affected the affinity of the aptamer for the target. Application of the selected aptamers in a lateral flow assay demonstrated their functionality in detecting samples containing 100 ng SEA, the minimum amount capable of causing food poisoning. Overall, the applicability of DNA aptamers in SEA recognition was demonstrated and characterized under different conditions, paving the way for the development of diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Oliveira
- INIAV - National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, Vairão, 4485-655, Vila do Conde, Portugal.
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
- AliCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Eva Pinho
- INIAV - National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, Vairão, 4485-655, Vila do Conde, Portugal
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
- AliCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Margarida Barros
- INIAV - National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, Vairão, 4485-655, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Nuno Filipe Azevedo
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
- AliCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carina Almeida
- INIAV - National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, Vairão, 4485-655, Vila do Conde, Portugal
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
- AliCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
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Shalaby M, Reboud J, Forde T, Zadoks RN, Busin V. Distribution and prevalence of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcal enterotoxins in raw ruminants' milk: A systematic review. Food Microbiol 2024; 118:104405. [PMID: 38049264 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Enterotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus are a common cause of food poisoning, leading to significant gastrointestinal symptoms and even hospitalization. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched three electronic databases for studies on detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins or enterotoxigenic S. aureus in raw ruminant milk. The 128 studies included in this systematic review showed a worldwide distribution of studies on staphylococcal enterotoxins and enterotoxigenic S. aureus, with an increase in the number from 1980 to 2021, a shift in detection methods from enterotoxins to enterotoxin genes, and a preponderance of studies from Europe and South America. Most studies focused on milk from individual animals with mastitis, especially cattle. Based on 24 studies, the within-herd prevalence of enterotoxigenic S. aureus in raw milk samples was 11.6%. Many studies failed to report the health status of sampled animals, or the numerator and denominator data needed for prevalence calculation. Cultural and legislative differences, economic status, diagnostic capabilities, and public awareness are all likely factors contributing to the observed distribution of studies. Our review highlighted a significant gap in quality and completeness of data reporting, which limits full assessment of prevalence and distribution of hazards posed by raw milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Shalaby
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr-El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Julien Reboud
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Taya Forde
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth N Zadoks
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Valentina Busin
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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Lu L, Wang J, Wang C, Zhu J, Wang H, Liao L, Zhao Y, Wang X, Yang C, He Z, Li M. Plant-derived virulence arresting drugs as novel antimicrobial agents: Discovery, perspective, and challenges in clinical use. Phytother Res 2024; 38:727-754. [PMID: 38014754 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) emerges as a severe crisis to public health and requires global action. The occurrence of bacterial pathogens with multi-drug resistance appeals to exploring alternative therapeutic strategies. Antivirulence treatment has been a positive substitute in seeking to circumvent AMR, which aims to target virulence factors directly to combat bacterial infections. Accumulated evidence suggests that plant-derived natural products, which have been utilized to treat infectious diseases for centuries, can be abundant sources for screening potential virulence-arresting drugs (VADs) to develop advanced therapeutics for infectious diseases. This review sums up some virulence factors and their actions in various species of bacteria, as well as recent advances pertaining to plant-derived natural products as VAD candidates. Furthermore, we also discuss natural VAD-related clinical trials and patents, the perspective of VAD-based advanced therapeutics for infectious diseases and critical challenges hampering clinical use of VADs, and genomics-guided identification for VAD therapeutic. These newly discovered natural VADs will be encouraging and optimistic candidates that may sustainably combat AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jingya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Chongrui Wang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Hongping Wang
- Safety Evaluation Center, Sichuan Institute for Drug Control (Sichuan Testing Center of Medical Devices), Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Li Liao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Langzhong People's Hospital, Langzhong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyou He
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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4
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Li Q, Dou L, Zhang Y, Luo L, Yang H, Wen K, Yu X, Shen J, Wang Z. A comprehensive review on the detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins in food samples. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13264. [PMID: 38284582 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), the major virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus, cause a wide range of food poisoning and seriously threaten human health by infiltrating the food supply chain at different phases of manufacture, processes, distribution, and market. The significant prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus calls for efficient, fast, and sensitive methods for the early detection of SEs. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the hazards of SEs in contaminated food, the characteristic and worldwide regulations of SEs, and various detection methods for SEs with extensive comparison and discussion of benefits and drawbacks, mainly including biological detection, genetic detection, and mass spectrometry detection and biosensors. We highlight the biosensors for the screening purpose of SEs, which are classified according to different recognition elements such as antibodies, aptamers, molecularly imprinted polymers, T-cell receptors, and transducers such as optical, electrochemical, and piezoelectric biosensors. We analyzed challenges of biosensors for the monitoring of SEs and conclude the trends for the development of novel biosensors should pay attention to improve samples pretreatment efficiency, employ innovative nanomaterials, and develop portable instruments. This review provides new information and insightful commentary, important to the development and innovation of further detection methods for SEs in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Leina Dou
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Xuezhi Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
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Minutillo R, Pirard B, Fatihi A, Cavaiuolo M, Lefebvre D, Gérard A, Taminiau B, Nia Y, Hennekinne JA, Daube G, Clinquart A. The Enterotoxin Gene Profiles and Enterotoxin Production of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Artisanal Cheeses in Belgium. Foods 2023; 12:4019. [PMID: 37959138 PMCID: PMC10650413 DOI: 10.3390/foods12214019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A Staphyloccoccus aureus is one of the leading causes of food poisoning outbreaks (FPOs) worldwide. Staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) is induced by the ingestion of food containing sufficient levels of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs). Currently, 33 SEs and SE-like toxins (SEls) have been described in the literature, but only five named "classical" enterotoxins are commonly investigated in FPOs due to lack of specific routine analytical techniques. The aims of this study were to (i) establish the genetic profile of strains in a variety of artisanal cheeses (n = 30) in Belgium, (ii) analyze the expression of the SE(l)s by these strains and (iii) compare the output derived from the different analytical tools. Forty-nine isolates of S. aureus were isolated from ten Belgian artisanal cheeses and were analyzed via microbiological, immunological, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, molecular typing and genetic methods. The results indicated that classical SEs were not the dominant SEs in the Belgian artisanal cheeses that were analyzed in this study, and that all S. aureus isolates harbored at least one gene encoding a new SE(l). Among the new SE(l)s genes found, some of them code for enterotoxins with demonstrated emetic activity and ecg-enterotoxins. It is worth noting that the involvement of some of these new SEs has been demonstrated in SFP outbreaks. Thus, this study highlighted the importance of the development of specific techniques for the proper investigation of SFP outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Minutillo
- Department of Food Sciences, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medecine, Avenue de Cureghem 10, 4000 Liege, Belgium (B.P.); (B.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Barbara Pirard
- Department of Food Sciences, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medecine, Avenue de Cureghem 10, 4000 Liege, Belgium (B.P.); (B.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Abdelhak Fatihi
- Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.F.); (M.C.); (D.L.); (Y.N.); (J.-A.H.)
| | - Marina Cavaiuolo
- Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.F.); (M.C.); (D.L.); (Y.N.); (J.-A.H.)
| | - Donatien Lefebvre
- Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.F.); (M.C.); (D.L.); (Y.N.); (J.-A.H.)
| | - Amaury Gérard
- Brewing and Food Science Unit, LABIRIS, Avenue Emile Gryzon 1, 1070 Anderlecht, Belgium;
| | - Bernard Taminiau
- Department of Food Sciences, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medecine, Avenue de Cureghem 10, 4000 Liege, Belgium (B.P.); (B.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Yacine Nia
- Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.F.); (M.C.); (D.L.); (Y.N.); (J.-A.H.)
| | - Jacques-Antoine Hennekinne
- Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.F.); (M.C.); (D.L.); (Y.N.); (J.-A.H.)
| | - Georges Daube
- Department of Food Sciences, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medecine, Avenue de Cureghem 10, 4000 Liege, Belgium (B.P.); (B.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Antoine Clinquart
- Department of Food Sciences, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medecine, Avenue de Cureghem 10, 4000 Liege, Belgium (B.P.); (B.T.); (G.D.)
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Mousseau F, Féraudet Tarisse C, Simon S, Gacoin T, Alexandrou A, Bouzigues CI. Multititration: The New Method for Implementing Ultrasensitive and Quantitative Multiplexed In-Field Immunoassays Despite Cross-Reactivity? Anal Chem 2023; 95:13509-13518. [PMID: 37639578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The accurate in-field titration of multiple pathogens is essential to efficiently describe and monitor environmental or biological contamination, isolate, act, and treat adequately. This underscores the requirement of portable, fast, quantitative, and multiplexed detection technologies, which, however, have not been properly developed so far, notably because it has been hindered by the phenomenon of cross-reactivity. In this work, we proposed a new analytical method based on the imaging through a portable device of lanthanide-based nanoparticles (YVO4:Eu) for spatially multiplexed detection, relying on a multiparameter analysis, i.e., a simultaneous analysis of all of the luminescence signals through the comparison to a calibration surface built in the presence of multiple analytes of interest. We then demonstrated the possibility to simultaneously quantify by multiplexed lateral flow assay (xLFA) the three enterotoxins SEG, SEH, and SEI in unknown mixtures, over two concentration decades (from a dozen of pg·mL-1 to few ng·mL-1). Assays were performed in less than an hour (25 min of strip migration followed by 30 min of drying at room temperature), the time during which the presence of the operator was not required for more than 5 min, in order to dip the strip and have it imaged by the reader. The concepts of nominal concentration recovery, coefficient of variation (CV), limit of blank (LOB), and limit of detection (LOD) were discussed in detail in the context of multiplexed assays. With our new definitions, quantitative results demonstrated a high recovery of the nominal concentrations (115%), reliability (CV = 20%), and sensitivity (LOBs of 3, 27, and 6 pg·mL-1 for SEG, SEH, and SEI respectively, and LODs of 6, 48, and 11 pg·mL-1 for SEG, SEH, and SEI, respectively). Based on this method, we observed an increase in sensitivity of 100 compared to the other multiplexed LFA labeled with gold particles and we approached the sensitivity of the simplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) performed with the same capture and detection antibodies. To conclude, our results, which are applicable to virtually any kind of multiplexed test, pave the way to the next generation of in-field analytical immunoassays by providing fast, quantitative, and highly sensitive multiplexed detection of biomarkers or pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Mousseau
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Cécile Féraudet Tarisse
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphanie Simon
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thierry Gacoin
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Antigoni Alexandrou
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Cédric Ismael Bouzigues
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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Wang B, Wang H, Lu X, Zheng X, Yang Z. Recent Advances in Electrochemical Biosensors for the Detection of Foodborne Pathogens: Current Perspective and Challenges. Foods 2023; 12:2795. [PMID: 37509887 PMCID: PMC10379338 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens cause many diseases and significantly impact human health and the economy. Foodborne pathogens mainly include Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella spp., Campylobacter spp. and Listeria monocytogenes, which are present in agricultural products, dairy products, animal-derived foods and the environment. Various pathogens in many different types of food and water can cause potentially life-threatening diseases and develop resistance to various types of antibiotics. The harm of foodborne pathogens is increasing, necessitating effective and efficient methods for early monitoring and detection. Traditional methods, such as real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and culture plate, are time-consuming, labour-intensive and expensive and cannot satisfy the demands of rapid food testing. Therefore, new fast detection methods are urgently needed. Electrochemical biosensors provide consumer-friendly methods to quickly detect foodborne pathogens in food and the environment and achieve extensive accuracy and reproducible results. In this paper, by focusing on various mechanisms of electrochemical transducers, we present a comprehensive overview of electrochemical biosensors for the detection of foodborne pathogens. Furthermore, the review introduces the hazards of foodborne pathogens, risk analysis methods and measures of control. Finally, the review also emphasizes the recent research progress and solutions regarding the use of electrochemical biosensors to detect foodborne pathogens in food and the environment, evaluates limitations and challenges experienced during the development of biosensors to detect foodborne pathogens and discusses future possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xubin Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiangfeng Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhenquan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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8
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Watier-Grillot S, Larréché S, Mazuet C, Baudouin F, Feraudet-Tarisse C, Holterbach L, Dia A, Tong C, Bourget L, Hery S, Pottier E, Bouilland O, Tanti M, Merens A, Simon S, Diancourt L, Chesnay A, Pommier de Santi V. From Foodborne Disease Outbreak (FBDO) to Investigation: The Plant Toxin Trap, Brittany, France, 2018. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:457. [PMID: 37505726 PMCID: PMC10467087 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
On 6 July 2018, the Center for Epidemiology and Public Health of the French Armed Forces was informed of an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis among customers of a dining facility at a military base in Brittany, France. A total of 200 patients were reported out of a population of 1700 (attack rate: 12%). The symptoms were mainly lower digestive tract disorders and occurred rapidly after lunch on 5 July (median incubation period: 3.3 h), suggesting a toxin-like pathogenic process. A case-control survey was carried out (92 cases and 113 controls). Statistical analysis pointed to the chili con carne served at lunch on 5 July as the very likely source of poisoning. Phytohaemagglutinin, a plant lectin, was found in the chili con carne at a concentration above the potentially toxic dose (400 HAU/gram). The raw kidney beans incorporated in the chili con carne presented a high haemagglutination activity (66,667 HAU/gram). They were undercooked, and the phytohaemagglutinin was not completely destroyed. FBDOs due to PHA are poorly documented. This study highlights the need to develop methods for routine testing of plant toxins in food matrices. Improved diagnostic capabilities would likely lead to better documentation, epidemiology, and prevention of food-borne illnesses caused by plant toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Watier-Grillot
- French Armed Forces Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), 13014 Marseille, France; (L.H.); (A.D.); (C.T.); (M.T.); (V.P.d.S.)
| | - Sébastien Larréché
- Bégin Military Teaching Hospital, 94160 Saint-Mandé, France; (S.L.); (A.M.)
- Inserm, UMR-S1144, France & Paris Cité University, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Christelle Mazuet
- National Reference Centre for Anaerobic Bacteria and Botulism, Institut Pasteur, Paris Cité University, CEDEX 15, 75724 Paris, France; (C.M.); (L.D.)
| | | | - Cécile Feraudet-Tarisse
- Department of Medications and Healthcare Technologies (DMTS), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, INRAE, SPI, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (C.F.-T.); (S.S.)
| | - Lise Holterbach
- French Armed Forces Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), 13014 Marseille, France; (L.H.); (A.D.); (C.T.); (M.T.); (V.P.d.S.)
| | - Aïssata Dia
- French Armed Forces Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), 13014 Marseille, France; (L.H.); (A.D.); (C.T.); (M.T.); (V.P.d.S.)
| | - Christelle Tong
- French Armed Forces Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), 13014 Marseille, France; (L.H.); (A.D.); (C.T.); (M.T.); (V.P.d.S.)
| | - Laure Bourget
- Laboratory of the French Armed Forces Commissariat, 49130 Les Ponts-de-Cé, France; (L.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Sophie Hery
- Naval Group, Department of Occupational Health, 29200 Brest, France;
| | - Emmanuel Pottier
- Brest Arsenal Medical Center, 29200 Brest, France; (E.P.); (O.B.)
| | | | - Marc Tanti
- French Armed Forces Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), 13014 Marseille, France; (L.H.); (A.D.); (C.T.); (M.T.); (V.P.d.S.)
| | - Audrey Merens
- Bégin Military Teaching Hospital, 94160 Saint-Mandé, France; (S.L.); (A.M.)
- Inserm, UMR-S1144, France & Paris Cité University, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Simon
- Department of Medications and Healthcare Technologies (DMTS), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, INRAE, SPI, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (C.F.-T.); (S.S.)
| | - Laure Diancourt
- National Reference Centre for Anaerobic Bacteria and Botulism, Institut Pasteur, Paris Cité University, CEDEX 15, 75724 Paris, France; (C.M.); (L.D.)
| | - Aurélie Chesnay
- Laboratory of the French Armed Forces Commissariat, 49130 Les Ponts-de-Cé, France; (L.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Vincent Pommier de Santi
- French Armed Forces Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), 13014 Marseille, France; (L.H.); (A.D.); (C.T.); (M.T.); (V.P.d.S.)
- Vectors–Tropical and Mediterranean Infections Joint Research Unit (VITROME), Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
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9
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Zhang XD, Gu B, Usman M, Tang JW, Li ZK, Zhang XQ, Yan JW, Wang L. Recent Progress in the Diagnosis of Staphylococcus in Clinical Settings. Infect Dis (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.108524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci are mainly found on the skin or in the nose. These bacteria are typically friendly, causing no harm to healthy individuals or resulting in only minor issues that can go away on their own. However, under certain circumstances, staphylococcal bacteria could invade the bloodstream, affect the entire body, and lead to life-threatening problems like septic shock. In addition, antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus is another issue because of its difficulty in the treatment of infections, such as the notorious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) which is resistant to most of the currently known antibiotics. Therefore, rapid and accurate diagnosis of Staphylococcus and characterization of the antibiotic resistance profiles are essential in clinical settings for efficient prevention, control, and treatment of the bacteria. This chapter highlights recent advances in the diagnosis of Staphylococci in clinical settings with a focus on the advanced technique of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), which will provide a framework for the real-world applications of novel diagnostic techniques in medical laboratories via bench-top instruments and at the bedside through point-of-care devices.
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10
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Ezan E, Simon S. Introduction to the Toxins Special Issue: "Antibodies for Toxins: From Detection to Therapeutics". Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14050363. [PMID: 35622609 PMCID: PMC9146352 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14050363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This Special Issue aims to provide an up-to-date investigation and reviews linked to antibody-based technologies for medical countermeasures and detection/diagnosis tools for toxins [...].
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11
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Multiplex Detection of 24 Staphylococcal Enterotoxins in Culture Supernatant Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14040249. [PMID: 35448858 PMCID: PMC9031063 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14040249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal food poisoning outbreaks are caused by the ingestion of food contaminated with staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs). Among the 27 SEs described in the literature to date, only a few can be detected using immuno-enzymatic-based methods that are strongly dependent on the availability of antibodies. Liquid chromatography, coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), has, therefore, been put forward as a relevant complementary method, but only for the detection of a limited number of enterotoxins. In this work, LC-HRMS was developed for the detection and quantification of 24 SEs. A database of 93 specific signature peptides and LC-HRMS parameters was optimized using sequences from 24 SEs, including their 162 variants. A label-free quantification protocol was established to overcome the absence of calibration standards. The LC-HRMS method showed high performance in terms of specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy when applied to 49 enterotoxin-producing strains. SE concentrations measured depended on both SE type and the coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS) strain. This study indicates that LC-MS is a relevant alternative and complementary tool to ELISA methods. The advantages of LC-MS clearly lie in both the multiplex analysis of a large number of SEs, and the automated analysis of a high number of samples.
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12
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Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A Induces Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Activates NLRP3 Inflammasome via NF-κB/MAPK Signaling Pathways in Mice. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14010029. [PMID: 35051006 PMCID: PMC8779132 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), the toxin protein secreted by Staphylococcus aureus, can cause staphylococcal food poisoning outbreaks and seriously threaten global public health. However, little is known about the pathogenesis of SEA in staphylococcal foodborne diseases. In this study, the effect of SEA on intestinal barrier injury and NLRP3 inflammasome activation was investigated by exposing BALB/c mice to SEA with increasing doses and a potential toxic mechanism was elucidated. Our findings suggested that SEA exposure provoked villi injury and suppressed the expression of ZO-1 and occludin proteins, thereby inducing intestinal barrier dysfunction and small intestinal injury in mice. Concurrently, SEA significantly up-regulated the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated proteins and triggered the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathways in jejunum tissues. Notably, selective inhibitors of MAPKs and NF-κB p65 ameliorated the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome stimulated by SEA, which further indicated that SEA could activate NLRP3 inflammasome through NF-κB/MAPK pathways. In summary, SEA was first confirmed to induce intestinal barrier dysfunction and activate NLRP3 inflammasome via NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways. These findings will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of SEA and related drug-screening for the treatment and prevention of bacteriotoxin-caused foodborne diseases via targeting specific pathways.
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13
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Lefebvre D, Fenaille F, Merda D, Blanco-Valle K, Feraudet-Tarisse C, Simon S, Hennekinne JA, Nia Y, Becher F. Top-Down Mass Spectrometry for Trace Level Quantification of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A Variants. J Proteome Res 2021; 21:547-556. [PMID: 34968056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We addressed here the need for improved sensitivity of top-down mass spectrometry for identification, differentiation, and absolute quantification of sequence variants of SEA, a bacterial toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus and regularly involved in food poisoning outbreaks (FPO). We combined immunoaffinity enrichment, a protein internal standard, and optimized acquisition conditions, either by full-scan high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) or multiplex parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) mode. Deconvolution of full-scan HRMS signal and PRM detection of variant-specific fragment ions allowed confident identification of each SEA variant. Summing the PRM signal of variant-common fragment ions was most efficient for absolute quantification, illustrated by a sensitivity down to 2.5 ng/mL and an assay variability below 15%. Additionally, we showed that relative PRM fragment ion abundances constituted a supplementary specificity criterion in top-down quantification. The top-down method was successfully evaluated on a panel of enterotoxin-producing strains isolated during FPO, in parallel to the conventional whole genome sequencing, ELISA, and bottom-up mass spectrometry methods. Top-down provided at the same time correct identification of the SEA variants produced and precise determination of the toxin level. The raw files generated in this study can be found on PASSEL (Peptide Atlas) under data set identifier PASS01710.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatien Lefebvre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - François Fenaille
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Déborah Merda
- Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Kevin Blanco-Valle
- Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Cécile Feraudet-Tarisse
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphanie Simon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jacques-Antoine Hennekinne
- Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Yacine Nia
- Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - François Becher
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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14
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Mousseau F, Féraudet Tarisse C, Simon S, Gacoin T, Alexandrou A, Bouzigues CI. Luminescent lanthanide nanoparticle-based imaging enables ultra-sensitive, quantitative and multiplexed in vitro lateral flow immunoassays. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:14814-14824. [PMID: 34533151 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03358a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lateral Flow Assays (LFAs) have been extensively used on-site to rapidly detect analytes, possibly in complex media. However, standard gold nanoparticle-based LFAs lack sensitivity and cannot provide quantitative measurements with high accuracy. To overcome these limitations, we image lanthanide-doped nanoparticles (YVO4:Eu 40%) as new luminescent LFA probes, using a homemade reader coupled to a smartphone and propose an original image analysis allowing strip quantification regardless of the shape of the test band signal. This method is demonstrated for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins SEA, SEG, SEH, and SEI. A systematic comparison to state-of-the-art gold nanoparticle-based LFA revealed an analytical sensitivity enhancement of at least one order of magnitude. We furthermore provided measurements of absolute toxin concentration over two orders of magnitude and demonstrated simultaneous quantitative detection of multiple toxins with unaltered sensitivity. In particular, we reached concentrations 100 times lower than the ones reported in the literature for on-site multiplexed LFA targeting enterotoxins. Altogether, these results highlight that our luminescent nanoparticle-based method provides a powerful and versatile on-site framework to detect multiple biomolecules with sensitivity approaching that obtained by ELISA. This paves the way to a change of paradigm in the field of analytical immunoassays by providing fast in situ quantitative high sensitivity detection of biomarkers or pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mousseau
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France.
| | - C Féraudet Tarisse
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Simon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - T Gacoin
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Alexandrou
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France.
| | - C I Bouzigues
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France.
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