1
|
Wu Y, Taisne C, Mahtal N, Forrester A, Lussignol M, Cintrat JC, Esclatine A, Gillet D, Barbier J. Autophagic Degradation Is Involved in Cell Protection against Ricin Toxin. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15050304. [PMID: 37235339 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15050304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a complex and highly regulated degradative process, which acts as a survival pathway in response to cellular stress, starvation and pathogen infection. Ricin toxin is a plant toxin produced by the castor bean and classified as a category B biothreat agent. Ricin toxin inhibits cellular protein synthesis by catalytically inactivating ribosomes, leading to cell death. Currently, there is no licensed treatment for patients exposed to ricin. Ricin-induced apoptosis has been extensively studied; however, whether its intoxication via protein synthesis inhibition affects autophagy is not yet resolved. In this work, we demonstrated that ricin intoxication is accompanied by its own autophagic degradation in mammalian cells. Autophagy deficiency, by knocking down ATG5, attenuates ricin degradation, thus aggravating ricin-induced cytotoxicity. Additionally, the autophagy inducer SMER28 (Small Molecule Enhancer 28) partially protects cells against ricin cytotoxicity, an effect not observed in autophagy-deficient cells. These results demonstrate that autophagic degradation acts as a survival response of cells against ricin intoxication. This suggests that stimulation of autophagic degradation may be a strategy to counteract ricin intoxication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
- Institute of Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230001, China
| | - Clémence Taisne
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Nassim Mahtal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Alison Forrester
- Research Unit of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Marion Lussignol
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Cintrat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Audrey Esclatine
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Daniel Gillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Julien Barbier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu Z, Graf FE, Hirsch HH. Antivirals against human polyomaviruses: Leaving no stone unturned. Rev Med Virol 2021; 31:e2220. [PMID: 33729628 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human polyomaviruses (HPyVs) encompass more than 10 species infecting 30%-90% of the human population without significant illness. Proven HPyV diseases with documented histopathology affect primarily immunocompromised hosts with manifestations in brain, skin and renourinary tract such as polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PyVAN), polyomavirus-associated haemorrhagic cystitis (PyVHC), polyomavirus-associated urothelial cancer (PyVUC), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), Trichodysplasia spinulosa (TS) and pruritic hyperproliferative keratinopathy. Although virus-specific immune control is the eventual goal of therapy and lasting cure, antiviral treatments are urgently needed in order to reduce or prevent HPyV diseases and thereby bridging the time needed to establish virus-specific immunity. However, the small dsDNA genome of only 5 kb of the non-enveloped HPyVs only encodes 5-7 viral proteins. Thus, HPyV replication relies heavily on host cell factors, thereby limiting both, number and type of specific virus-encoded antiviral targets. Lack of cost-effective high-throughput screening systems and relevant small animal models complicates the preclinical development. Current clinical studies are limited by small case numbers, poorly efficacious compounds and absence of proper randomized trial design. Here, we review preclinical and clinical studies that evaluated small molecules with presumed antiviral activity against HPyVs and provide an outlook regarding potential new antiviral strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongsong Wu
- Transplantation & Clinical Virology, Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabrice E Graf
- Transplantation & Clinical Virology, Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans H Hirsch
- Transplantation & Clinical Virology, Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Clinical Virology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hawner M, Ducho C. Cellular Targeting of Oligonucleotides by Conjugation with Small Molecules. Molecules 2020; 25:E5963. [PMID: 33339365 PMCID: PMC7766908 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug candidates derived from oligonucleotides (ON) are receiving increased attention that is supported by the clinical approval of several ON drugs. Such therapeutic ON are designed to alter the expression levels of specific disease-related proteins, e.g., by displaying antigene, antisense, and RNA interference mechanisms. However, the high polarity of the polyanionic ON and their relatively rapid nuclease-mediated cleavage represent two major pharmacokinetic hurdles for their application in vivo. This has led to a range of non-natural modifications of ON structures that are routinely applied in the design of therapeutic ON. The polyanionic architecture of ON often hampers their penetration of target cells or tissues, and ON usually show no inherent specificity for certain cell types. These limitations can be overcome by conjugation of ON with molecular entities mediating cellular 'targeting', i.e., enhanced accumulation at and/or penetration of a specific cell type. In this context, the use of small molecules as targeting units appears particularly attractive and promising. This review provides an overview of advances in the emerging field of cellular targeting of ON via their conjugation with small-molecule targeting structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66 123 Saarbrücken, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abdelkafi H, Michau A, Pons V, Ngadjeua F, Clerget A, Ait Ouarab L, Buisson DA, Montoir D, Caramelle L, Gillet D, Barbier J, Cintrat JC. Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Retro-1 Analogues against Shiga Toxin. J Med Chem 2020; 63:8114-8133. [PMID: 32648758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput screening has shown that Retro-1 inhibits ricin and Shiga toxins by diminishing their intracellular trafficking via the retrograde route, from early endosomes to the Golgi apparatus. To improve the activity of Retro-1, a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study was undertaken and yielded an analogue with a roughly 70-fold better half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) against Shiga toxin cytotoxicity measured in a cell protein synthesis assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Abdelkafi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Aurélien Michau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Valérie Pons
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Flora Ngadjeua
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Alexandra Clerget
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lilia Ait Ouarab
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David-Alexandre Buisson
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Montoir
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lucie Caramelle
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Daniel Gillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Julien Barbier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Cintrat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nicolas V, Lievin-Le Moal V. Small Trafficking Inhibitor Retro-2 Disrupts the Microtubule-Dependent Trafficking of Autophagic Vacuoles. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:464. [PMID: 32626708 PMCID: PMC7314991 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic recycling process by which a cell degrades its own constituents to contribute to cell homeostasis or survival. We report that the small trafficking inhibitor Retro-2 impairs microtubule-dependent vacuolar trafficking in autophagy. Retro-2 induced autophagy and promoted the dramatic cytoplasmic accumulation of large autophagosomes. Moreover, Retro-2 decreased the spreading of autophagosomes within the cytoplasm of nutrient-starved cells. In addition, Retro-2 abolished autolysosomes formation. We show that these effects arise from hitherto unsuspected disassembly activity of the small molecule on the cellular microtubule network, which is known to act as a key regulator of vacuolar trafficking of the autophagy pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Nicolas
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Paris-Saclay d'Innovation Thérapeutique (IPSIT), Microscope Facility (MIPSIT), UMS-US31-UMS3679, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Vanessa Lievin-Le Moal
- University Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UMR-S 996 Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Clamart, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ricin: An Ancient Story for a Timeless Plant Toxin. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11060324. [PMID: 31174319 PMCID: PMC6628454 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11060324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The castor plant (Ricinus communis L.) has been known since time immemorial in traditional medicine in the pharmacopeia of Mediterranean and eastern ancient cultures. Moreover, it is still used in folk medicine worldwide. Castor bean has been mainly recommended as anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, anti-bacterial, laxative, abortifacient, for wounds, ulcers, and many other indications. Many cases of human intoxication occurred accidentally or voluntarily with the ingestion of castor seeds or derivatives. Ricinus toxicity depends on several molecules, among them the most important is ricin, a protein belonging to the family of ribosome-inactivating proteins. Ricin is the most studied of this category of proteins and it is also known to the general public, having been used for several biocrimes. This manuscript intends to give the reader an overview of ricin, focusing on the historical path to the current knowledge on this protein. The main steps of ricin research are here reported, with particular regard to its enzymatic activity, structure, and cytotoxicity. Moreover, we discuss ricin toxicity for animals and humans, as well as the relation between bioterrorism and ricin and its impact on environmental toxicity. Ricin has also been used to develop immunotoxins for the elimination of unwanted cells, mainly cancer cells; some of these immunoconjugates gave promising results in clinical trials but also showed critical limitation.
Collapse
|
7
|
Aitbakieva VR, Ahmad R, Singh S, Domashevskiy AV. Inhibition of ricin A-chain (RTA) catalytic activity by a viral genome-linked protein (VPg). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1867:645-653. [PMID: 30822539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Ricin is a plant derived protein toxin produced by the castor bean plant (Ricinus communis). The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) classifies ricin as a Category B biological agent. Currently, there is neither an effective vaccine that can be used to protect against ricin exposure nor a therapeutic to reverse the effects once exposed. Here we quantitatively characterize interactions between catalytic ricin A-chain (RTA) and a viral genome-linked protein (VPg) from turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). VPg and its N-terminal truncated variant, VPg1-110, bind to RTA and abolish ricin's catalytic depurination of 28S rRNA in vitro and in a cell-free rabbit reticulocyte translational system. RTA and VPg bind in a 1 to 1 stoichiometric ratio, and their binding affinity increases ten-fold as temperature elevates (5 °C to 37 °C). RTA-VPg binary complex formation is enthalpically driven and favored by entropy, resulting in an overall favorable energy, ΔG = -136.8 kJ/mol. Molecular modeling supports our experimental observations and predicts a major contribution of electrostatic interactions, suggesting an allosteric mechanism of downregulation of RTA activity through conformational changes in RTA structure, and/or disruption of binding with the ribosomal stalk. Fluorescence anisotropy studies show that heat affects the rate constant and the activation energy for the RTA-VPg complex, Ea = -62.1 kJ/mol. The thermodynamic and kinetic findings presented here are an initial lead study with promising results and provides a rational approach for synthesis of therapeutic peptides that successfully eliminate toxicity of ricin, and other cytotoxic RIPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina R Aitbakieva
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, the City University of New York, New York 10019, NY, United States of America
| | - Rahimah Ahmad
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States of America
| | - Shaneen Singh
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States of America
| | - Artem V Domashevskiy
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, the City University of New York, New York 10019, NY, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Whitfield SJC, Griffiths GD, Jenner DC, Gwyther RJ, Stahl FM, Cork LJ, Holley JL, Green AC, Clark GC. Production, Characterisation and Testing of an Ovine Antitoxin against Ricin; Efficacy, Potency and Mechanisms of Action. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:E329. [PMID: 29057798 PMCID: PMC5666376 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9100329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ricin is a type II ribosome-inactivating toxin that catalytically inactivates ribosomes ultimately leading to cell death. The toxicity of ricin along with the prevalence of castor beans (its natural source) has led to its increased notoriety and incidences of nefarious use. Despite these concerns, there are no licensed therapies available for treating ricin intoxication. Here, we describe the development of a F(ab')₂ polyclonal ovine antitoxin against ricin and demonstrate the efficacy of a single, post-exposure, administration in an in vivo murine model of intoxication against aerosolised ricin. We found that a single dose of antitoxin afforded a wide window of opportunity for effective treatment with 100% protection observed in mice challenged with aerosolised ricin when given 24 h after exposure to the toxin and 75% protection when given at 30 h. Treated mice had reduced weight loss and clinical signs of intoxication compared to the untreated control group. Finally, using imaging flow cytometry, it was found that both cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of ricin toxin to the Golgi apparatus was reduced in the presence of the antitoxin suggesting both actions can contribute to the therapeutic mechanism of a polyclonal antitoxin. Collectively, the research highlights the significant potential of the ovine F(ab')₂ antitoxin as a treatment for ricin intoxication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J C Whitfield
- Chemical, Biological and Radiological Division, Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK.
| | - Gareth D Griffiths
- Chemical, Biological and Radiological Division, Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK.
| | - Dominic C Jenner
- Chemical, Biological and Radiological Division, Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK.
| | - Robert J Gwyther
- Chemical, Biological and Radiological Division, Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK.
| | - Fiona M Stahl
- Chemical, Biological and Radiological Division, Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK.
| | - Lucy J Cork
- Chemical, Biological and Radiological Division, Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK.
| | - Jane L Holley
- Chemical, Biological and Radiological Division, Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - A Christopher Green
- Chemical, Biological and Radiological Division, Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK.
| | - Graeme C Clark
- Chemical, Biological and Radiological Division, Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Armengaud J. Striking against bioterrorism with advanced proteomics and reference methods. Proteomics 2017; 17. [PMID: 27928908 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The intentional use by terrorists of biological toxins as weapons has been of great concern for many years. Among the numerous toxins produced by plants, animals, algae, fungi, and bacteria, ricin is one of the most scrutinized by the media because it has already been used in biocrimes and acts of bioterrorism. Improving the analytical toolbox of national authorities to monitor these potential bioweapons all at once is of the utmost interest. MS/MS allows their absolute quantitation and exhibits advantageous sensitivity, discriminative power, multiplexing possibilities, and speed. In this issue of Proteomics, Gilquin et al. (Proteomics 2017, 17, 1600357) present a robust multiplex assay to quantify a set of eight toxins in the presence of a complex food matrix. This MS/MS reference method is based on scheduled SRM and high-quality standards consisting of isotopically labeled versions of these toxins. Their results demonstrate robust reliability based on rather loose scheduling of SRM transitions and good sensitivity for the eight toxins, lower than their oral median lethal doses. In the face of an increased threat from terrorism, relevant reference assays based on advanced proteomics and high-quality companion toxin standards are reliable and firm answers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Armengaud
- CEA, DRF, IBiTec-S, SPI, Li2D, Laboratory "Innovative technologies for Detection and Diagnostics", Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gal Y, Mazor O, Falach R, Sapoznikov A, Kronman C, Sabo T. Treatments for Pulmonary Ricin Intoxication: Current Aspects and Future Prospects. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:E311. [PMID: 28972558 PMCID: PMC5666358 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ricin, a plant-derived toxin originating from the seeds of Ricinus communis (castor beans), is one of the most lethal toxins known, particularly if inhaled. Ricin is considered a potential biological threat agent due to its high availability and ease of production. The clinical manifestation of pulmonary ricin intoxication in animal models is closely related to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which involves pulmonary proinflammatory cytokine upregulation, massive neutrophil infiltration and severe edema. Currently, the only post-exposure measure that is effective against pulmonary ricinosis at clinically relevant time-points following intoxication in pre-clinical studies is passive immunization with anti-ricin neutralizing antibodies. The efficacy of this antitoxin treatment depends on antibody affinity and the time of treatment initiation within a limited therapeutic time window. Small-molecule compounds that interfere directly with the toxin or inhibit its intracellular trafficking may also be beneficial against ricinosis. Another approach relies on the co-administration of antitoxin antibodies with immunomodulatory drugs, thereby neutralizing the toxin while attenuating lung injury. Immunomodulators and other pharmacological-based treatment options should be tailored according to the particular pathogenesis pathways of pulmonary ricinosis. This review focuses on the current treatment options for pulmonary ricin intoxication using anti-ricin antibodies, disease-modifying countermeasures, anti-ricin small molecules and their various combinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Gal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel.
| | - Ohad Mazor
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel.
| | - Reut Falach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel.
| | - Anita Sapoznikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel.
| | - Chanoch Kronman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel.
| | - Tamar Sabo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
A vital sugar code for ricin toxicity. Cell Res 2017; 27:1351-1364. [PMID: 28925387 PMCID: PMC5674155 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2017.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ricin is one of the most feared bioweapons in the world due to its extreme toxicity and easy access. Since no antidote exists, it is of paramount importance to identify the pathways underlying ricin toxicity. Here, we demonstrate that the Golgi GDP-fucose transporter Slc35c1 and fucosyltransferase Fut9 are key regulators of ricin toxicity. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of fucosylation renders diverse cell types resistant to ricin via deregulated intracellular trafficking. Importantly, cells from a patient with SLC35C1 deficiency are also resistant to ricin. Mechanistically, we confirm that reduced fucosylation leads to increased sialylation of Lewis X structures and thus masking of ricin-binding sites. Inactivation of the sialyltransferase responsible for modifications of Lewis X (St3Gal4) increases the sensitivity of cells to ricin, whereas its overexpression renders cells more resistant to the toxin. Thus, we have provided unprecedented insights into an evolutionary conserved modular sugar code that can be manipulated to control ricin toxicity.
Collapse
|
12
|
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Garland
- Cancer
Biology Program, ‡Department of Pathology, §Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and ∥Department of
Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sebastian Loscher
- Cancer
Biology Program, ‡Department of Pathology, §Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and ∥Department of
Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Cancer
Biology Program, ‡Department of Pathology, §Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and ∥Department of
Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gupta N, Noël R, Goudet A, Hinsinger K, Michau A, Pons V, Abdelkafi H, Secher T, Shima A, Shtanko O, Sakurai Y, Cojean S, Pomel S, Liévin-Le Moal V, Leignel V, Herweg JA, Fischer A, Johannes L, Harrison K, Beard PM, Clayette P, Le Grand R, Rayner JO, Rudel T, Vacus J, Loiseau PM, Davey RA, Oswald E, Cintrat JC, Barbier J, Gillet D. Inhibitors of retrograde trafficking active against ricin and Shiga toxins also protect cells from several viruses, Leishmania and Chlamydiales. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 267:96-103. [PMID: 27712998 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Medical countermeasures to treat biothreat agent infections require broad-spectrum therapeutics that do not induce agent resistance. A cell-based high-throughput screen (HTS) against ricin toxin combined with hit optimization allowed selection of a family of compounds that meet these requirements. The hit compound Retro-2 and its derivatives have been demonstrated to be safe in vivo in mice even at high doses. Moreover, Retro-2 is an inhibitor of retrograde transport that affects syntaxin-5-dependent toxins and pathogens. As a consequence, it has a broad-spectrum activity that has been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo against ricin, Shiga toxin-producing O104:H4 entero-hemorrhagic E. coli and Leishmania sp. and in vitro against Ebola, Marburg and poxviruses and Chlamydiales. An effect is anticipated on other toxins or pathogens that use retrograde trafficking and syntaxin-5. Since Retro-2 targets cell components of the host and not directly the pathogen, no selection of resistant pathogens is expected. These lead compounds need now to be developed as drugs for human use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Gupta
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay (IBITECS), CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Romain Noël
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay (IBITECS), CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Amélie Goudet
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay (IBITECS), CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Karen Hinsinger
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay (IBITECS), CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Aurélien Michau
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay (IBITECS), CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Valérie Pons
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay (IBITECS), CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Hajer Abdelkafi
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay (IBITECS), CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | | | | | - Olena Shtanko
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Sandrine Cojean
- Antiparasitic Chemotherapy, UMR 8076, CNRS BioCIS, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92290, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sébastien Pomel
- Antiparasitic Chemotherapy, UMR 8076, CNRS BioCIS, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92290, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Vanessa Liévin-Le Moal
- Antiparasitic Chemotherapy, UMR 8076, CNRS BioCIS, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92290, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Véronique Leignel
- DRUGABILIS (French Research Performer SME), F-92290, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Jo-Ana Herweg
- University of Würzburg, Biocenter, Chair of Microbiology, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Annette Fischer
- University of Würzburg, Biocenter, Chair of Microbiology, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Endocytic Trafficking and Therapeutic Delivery Group, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75248, Paris Cedex 05, France; CNRS, UMR3666, F-75005, Paris, France; INSERM, U1143, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Kate Harrison
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa M Beard
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom; The Pirbright Institute, Ash Rd, Pirbright, Surrey GH24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Pascal Clayette
- ImmunoPharmacology and Biosafety Laboratory, BERTIN Pharma, CEA, F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies, CEA, U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Infectious Disease Models and Innovative Therapies Infrastructure, F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; INSERM, U1184, F-94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; University of Paris South, U1184, F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Jonathan O Rayner
- Infectious Disease Research, Southern Research, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Thomas Rudel
- University of Würzburg, Biocenter, Chair of Microbiology, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joël Vacus
- DRUGABILIS (French Research Performer SME), F-92290, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Philippe M Loiseau
- Antiparasitic Chemotherapy, UMR 8076, CNRS BioCIS, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92290, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Robert A Davey
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Cintrat
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay (IBITECS), CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Julien Barbier
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay (IBITECS), CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Daniel Gillet
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay (IBITECS), CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Authier F, Djavaheri-Mergny M, Lorin S, Frénoy JP, Desbuquois B. Fate and action of ricin in rat liverin vivo: translocation of endocytosed ricin into cytosol and induction of intrinsic apoptosis by ricin B-chain. Cell Microbiol 2016; 18:1800-1814. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- François Authier
- Service information scientifique et technique (IST) de l'Inserm; Paris France
| | | | - Séverine Lorin
- Inserm UMR-S-1193; Université Paris-Saclay; 92296 Châtenay-Malabry France
| | - Jean-Pierre Frénoy
- CNRS UMR 8601, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères; Université Paris-Descartes; Paris France
| | - Bernard Desbuquois
- Inserm U 1016 and CNRS UMR 8104; Université Paris-Descartes, Institut Cochin; Paris France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liévin-Le Moal V, Loiseau PM. Leishmania hijacking of the macrophage intracellular compartments. FEBS J 2015; 283:598-607. [PMID: 26588037 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania spp., transmitted to humans by the bite of the sandfly vector, are responsible for the three major forms of leishmaniasis, cutaneous, diffuse mucocutaneous and visceral. Leishmania spp. interact with membrane receptors of neutrophils and macrophages. In macrophages, the parasite is internalized within a parasitophorous vacuole and engages in a particular intracellular lifestyle in which the flagellated, motile Leishmania promastigote metacyclic form differentiates into non-motile, metacyclic amastigote form. This phenomenon is induced by Leishmania-triggered events leading to the fusion of the parasitophorous vacuole with vesicular members of the host cell endocytic pathway including recycling endosomes, late endosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum. Maturation of the parasitophorous vacuole leads to the intracellular proliferation of the Leishmania amastigote forms by acquisition of host cell nutrients while escaping host defense responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Liévin-Le Moal
- Anti-Parasitic Chemotherapy, Faculté de Pharmacie, CNRS, UMR 8076 BioCIS, Châtenay-Malabry, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics (LabEx LERMIT), Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Philippe M Loiseau
- Anti-Parasitic Chemotherapy, Faculté de Pharmacie, CNRS, UMR 8076 BioCIS, Châtenay-Malabry, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics (LabEx LERMIT), Châtenay-Malabry, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abdelkafi H, Michau A, Clerget A, Buisson DA, Johannes L, Gillet D, Barbier J, Cintrat JC. Synthesis, Chiral Separation, Absolute Configuration Assignment, and Biological Activity of Enantiomers of Retro-1 as Potent Inhibitors of Shiga Toxin. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1153-6. [PMID: 26033849 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The Shiga toxin (Stx) family is composed of related protein toxins produced by the bacteria Shigella dysenteriae and certain pathogenic strains of E. coli. No effective therapies for Stx intoxication have been developed yet. However, inhibitors that act on the intracellular trafficking of these toxins may provide new options for the development of therapeutic strategies. This study reports the synthesis, chromatographic separation, and pharmacological evaluation of the two enantiomers of Retro-1, a compound active against Stx and other such protein toxins. Retro-1 works by inhibiting retrograde transport of these toxins inside cells. In vitro experiments proved that the configuration of the stereocenter at position 5 is not crucial for the activity of this compound. X-ray diffraction data revealed (S)-Retro-1 to be slightly more active than (R)-Retro-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Abdelkafi
- CEA, iBiTec-S/SCBM, CEA-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France)
| | - Aurélien Michau
- CEA, iBiTec-S/SIMOPRO, CEA-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France)
| | - Alexandra Clerget
- CEA, iBiTec-S/SIMOPRO, CEA-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France)
| | | | - Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Chemical Biology of Membranes and Therapeutic Delivery unit 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05 (France).,CNRS UMR3666, 75005 Paris (France).,INSERM U1143, 75005 Paris (France)
| | - Daniel Gillet
- CEA, iBiTec-S/SIMOPRO, CEA-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France).
| | - Julien Barbier
- CEA, iBiTec-S/SIMOPRO, CEA-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France)
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abrin and Ricin: Understanding Their Toxicity, Diagnosis, and Treatment. BIOLOGICAL TOXINS AND BIOTERRORISM 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5869-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
|
18
|
Antisecretory factor peptide AF-16 inhibits the secreted autotransporter toxin-stimulated transcellular and paracellular passages of fluid in cultured human enterocyte-like cells. Infect Immun 2014; 83:907-22. [PMID: 25534938 DOI: 10.1128/iai.02759-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the endogenous antisecretory factor (AF) protein and peptide AF-16, which has a sequence that matches that of the active N-terminal region of AF, inhibit the increase in the epithelial transport of fluid and electrolytes induced by bacterial toxins in animal and ex vivo models. We conducted a study to investigate the inhibitory effect of peptide AF-16 against the increase of transcellular passage and paracellular permeability promoted by the secreted autotransporter toxin (Sat) in a cultured cellular model of the human intestinal epithelial barrier. Peptide AF-16 produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of the Sat-induced increase in the formation of fluid domes, in the mucosal-to-serosal passage of D-[1-(14)C]mannitol, and in the rearrangements in the distribution and protein expression of the tight junction (TJ)-associated proteins ZO-1 and occludin in cultured human enterocyte-like Caco-2/TC7 cell monolayers. In addition, we show that peptide AF-16 also inhibits the cholera toxin-induced increase of transcellular passage and the Clostridium difficile toxin-induced effects on paracellular permeability and TJ protein organization in Caco-2/TC7 cell monolayers. Treatment of cell monolayers by the lipid raft disorganizer methyl-β-cyclodextrin abolished the inhibitory activity of peptide AF-16 at the transcellular passage level and did not modify the effect of the peptide at the paracellular level.
Collapse
|
19
|
JC polyomavirus attachment, entry, and trafficking: unlocking the keys to a fatal infection. J Neurovirol 2014; 21:601-13. [PMID: 25078361 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-014-0272-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The human JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) causes a lifelong persistent infection in the reno-urinary tract in the majority of the adult population worldwide. In healthy individuals, infection is asymptomatic, while in immunocompromised individuals, the virus can spread to the central nervous system and cause a fatal demyelinating disease known as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). There are currently very few treatment options for this rapidly progressing and devastating disease. Understanding the basic biology of JCPyV-host cell interactions is critical for the development of therapeutic strategies to prevent or treat PML. Research in our laboratory has focused on gaining a detailed mechanistic understanding of the initial steps in the JCPyV life cycle in order to define how JCPyV selectively targets cells in the kidney and brain. JCPyV requires sialic acids to attach to host cells and initiate infection, and JCPyV demonstrates specificity for the oligosaccharide lactoseries tetrasaccharide c (LSTc) with an α2,6-linked sialic acid. Following viral attachment, JCPyV entry is facilitated by the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2 family of serotonin receptors via clathrin-dependent endocytosis. JCPyV then undergoes retrograde transport to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where viral disassembly begins. A novel retrograde transport inhibitor termed Retro-2(cycl) prevents trafficking of JCPyV to the ER and inhibits both initial virus infection and infectious spread in cell culture. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which JCPyV establishes infection will open up new avenues for the prevention or treatment of virus-induced disease.
Collapse
|
20
|
Gupta N, Pons V, Noël R, Buisson DA, Michau A, Johannes L, Gillet D, Barbier J, Cintrat JC. (S)-N-Methyldihydroquinazolinones are the Active Enantiomers of Retro-2 Derived Compounds against Toxins. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:94-7. [PMID: 24900779 DOI: 10.1021/ml400457j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports the synthesis, chromatographic separation, and pharmacological evaluation of the two enantiomers of a new compound, named Retro-2.1, active against toxins by inhibiting intracellular trafficking via the retrograde route. The absolute configuration of the bioactive enantiomer has been assigned from X-ray diffraction to the (S)-enantiomer. To date, (S)-Retro-2.1 is the most potent molecule to counteract the cytotoxic potential of ricin and Shiga toxin, with EC50 values of 23 and 54 nM, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Gupta
- CEA, iBiTec-S/SIMOPRO,
CEA-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- CEA, iBiTec-S/SCBM,
CEA-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- U1143 INSERM, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut
Curie,
Centre de Recherche, Chemical Biology of Membranes and Therapeutic
Delivery, 26 Rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Valérie Pons
- CEA, iBiTec-S/SIMOPRO,
CEA-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- CEA, iBiTec-S/SCBM,
CEA-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- U1143 INSERM, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut
Curie,
Centre de Recherche, Chemical Biology of Membranes and Therapeutic
Delivery, 26 Rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Romain Noël
- CEA, iBiTec-S/SIMOPRO,
CEA-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- CEA, iBiTec-S/SCBM,
CEA-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- U1143 INSERM, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut
Curie,
Centre de Recherche, Chemical Biology of Membranes and Therapeutic
Delivery, 26 Rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - David-Alexandre Buisson
- CEA, iBiTec-S/SIMOPRO,
CEA-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- CEA, iBiTec-S/SCBM,
CEA-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- U1143 INSERM, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut
Curie,
Centre de Recherche, Chemical Biology of Membranes and Therapeutic
Delivery, 26 Rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Aurélien Michau
- CEA, iBiTec-S/SIMOPRO,
CEA-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- CEA, iBiTec-S/SCBM,
CEA-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- U1143 INSERM, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut
Curie,
Centre de Recherche, Chemical Biology of Membranes and Therapeutic
Delivery, 26 Rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Ludger Johannes
- CEA, iBiTec-S/SIMOPRO,
CEA-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- CEA, iBiTec-S/SCBM,
CEA-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- U1143 INSERM, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut
Curie,
Centre de Recherche, Chemical Biology of Membranes and Therapeutic
Delivery, 26 Rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Daniel Gillet
- CEA, iBiTec-S/SIMOPRO,
CEA-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- CEA, iBiTec-S/SCBM,
CEA-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- U1143 INSERM, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut
Curie,
Centre de Recherche, Chemical Biology of Membranes and Therapeutic
Delivery, 26 Rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Julien Barbier
- CEA, iBiTec-S/SIMOPRO,
CEA-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- CEA, iBiTec-S/SCBM,
CEA-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- U1143 INSERM, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut
Curie,
Centre de Recherche, Chemical Biology of Membranes and Therapeutic
Delivery, 26 Rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Cintrat
- CEA, iBiTec-S/SIMOPRO,
CEA-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- CEA, iBiTec-S/SCBM,
CEA-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- U1143 INSERM, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut
Curie,
Centre de Recherche, Chemical Biology of Membranes and Therapeutic
Delivery, 26 Rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ivanov AI. Pharmacological inhibitors of exocytosis and endocytosis: novel bullets for old targets. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1174:3-18. [PMID: 24947371 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0944-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibitors of vesicle trafficking possess great promise as valuable analytical tools for the study of a variety of biological processes and as potential therapeutic agents to fight microbial infections and cancer. However, many commonly used trafficking inhibitors are characterized by poor selectivity that diminishes their use in solving basic problems of cell biology or drug development. Recent high-throughput chemical screens intensified the search for novel modulators of vesicle trafficking, and successfully identified a number of small molecules that inhibit exocytosis and endocytosis in different types of mammalian cells. This chapter provides a systematic overview of recently discovered inhibitors of vesicle trafficking. It describes cellular effects and mechanisms of action of novel inhibitors of exocytosis and endocytosis. Furthermore, it pays special attention to the selectivity and possible off-target effects of these inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei I Ivanov
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Goodwin Laboratory, 401 College Street, 980035, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Redmann V, Gardner T, Lau Z, Morohashi K, Felsenfeld D, Tortorella D. Novel class of potential therapeutics that target ricin retrograde translocation. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 6:33-53. [PMID: 24366208 PMCID: PMC3920248 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ricin toxin, an A-B toxin from Ricinus communis, induces cell death through the inhibition of protein synthesis. The toxin binds to the cell surface via its B chain (RTB) followed by its retrograde trafficking through intracellular compartments to the ER where the A chain (RTA) is transported across the membrane and into the cytosol. Ricin A chain is transported across the ER membrane utilizing cellular proteins involved in the disposal of aberrant ER proteins by a process referred to as retrograde translocation. Given the current lack of therapeutics against ricin intoxication, we developed a high-content screen using an enzymatically attenuated RTA chimera engineered with a carboxy-terminal enhanced green fluorescent protein (RTA(E177Q)egfp) to identify compounds that target RTA retrograde translocation. Stabilizing RTA(E177Q)egfp through the inclusion of proteasome inhibitor produced fluorescent peri-nuclear granules. Quantitative analysis of the fluorescent granules provided the basis to discover compounds from a small chemical library (2080 compounds) with known bioactive properties. Strikingly, the screen found compounds that stabilized RTA molecules within the cell and several compounds limited the ability of wild type RTA to suppress protein synthesis. Collectively, a robust high-content screen was developed to discover novel compounds that stabilize intracellular ricin and limit ricin intoxication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Redmann
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Microbiology, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; E-Mails: (V.R.); (T.G.)
| | - Thomas Gardner
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Microbiology, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; E-Mails: (V.R.); (T.G.)
| | - Zerlina Lau
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Integrated Screening Core, Experimental Therapeutics Institute, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; E-Mails: (Z.L.); (K.M.); (D.F.)
| | - Keita Morohashi
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Integrated Screening Core, Experimental Therapeutics Institute, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; E-Mails: (Z.L.); (K.M.); (D.F.)
| | - Dan Felsenfeld
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Integrated Screening Core, Experimental Therapeutics Institute, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; E-Mails: (Z.L.); (K.M.); (D.F.)
| | - Domenico Tortorella
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Microbiology, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; E-Mails: (V.R.); (T.G.)
- Author whom correspondence should be addressed. E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-212-2415447; Fax: +1-212-534-1684
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wiget PA, Manzano LA, Pruet JM, Gao G, Saito R, Monzingo AF, Jasheway KR, Robertus JD, Anslyn EV. Sulfur incorporation generally improves Ricin inhibition in pterin-appended glycine-phenylalanine dipeptide mimics. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6799-804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
24
|
A retrograde trafficking inhibitor of ricin and Shiga-like toxins inhibits infection of cells by human and monkey polyomaviruses. mBio 2013; 4:e00729-13. [PMID: 24222489 PMCID: PMC3892778 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00729-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Polyomaviruses are ubiquitous pathogens that cause severe disease in immunocompromised individuals. JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is the causative agent of the fatal demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), whereas BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) causes polyomavirus-induced nephropathy and hemorrhagic cystitis. Vaccines or antiviral therapies targeting these viruses do not exist, and treatments focus on reducing the underlying causes of immunosuppression. We demonstrate that retro-2(cycl), an inhibitor of ricin and Shiga-like toxins (SLTs), inhibits infection by JCPyV, BKPyV, and simian virus 40. Retro-2(cycl) inhibits retrograde transport of polyomaviruses to the endoplasmic reticulum, a step necessary for productive infection. Retro-2(cycl) likely inhibits polyomaviruses in a way similar to its ricin and SLT inhibition, suggesting an overlap in the cellular host factors used by bacterial toxins and polyomaviruses. This work establishes retro-2(cycl) as a potential antiviral therapy that broadly inhibits polyomaviruses and possibly other pathogens that use retrograde trafficking. IMPORTANCE The human polyomaviruses JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) and BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) cause rare but severe diseases in individuals with reduced immune function. During immunosuppression, JCPyV disseminates from the kidney to the central nervous system and destroys oligodendrocytes, resulting in the fatal disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Kidney transplant recipients are at increased risk of BKPyV-induced nephropathy, which results in kidney necrosis and loss of the transplanted organ. There are currently no effective therapies for JCPyV and BKPyV. We show that a small molecule named retro-2(cycl) protects cells from infection with JCPyV and BKPyV by inhibiting intracellular viral transport. Retro-2(cycl) treatment reduces viral spreading in already established infections and may therefore be able to control infection in affected patients. Further optimization of retro-2(cycl) may result in the development of an effective antiviral therapy directed toward pathogens that use retrograde trafficking to infect their hosts.
Collapse
|
25
|
Noel R, Gupta N, Pons V, Goudet A, Garcia-Castillo MD, Michau A, Martinez J, Buisson DA, Johannes L, Gillet D, Barbier J, Cintrat JC. N-Methyldihydroquinazolinone Derivatives of Retro-2 with Enhanced Efficacy against Shiga Toxin. J Med Chem 2013; 56:3404-13. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4002346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Noel
- CEA, iBiTec-S/SCBM, CEA-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Neetu Gupta
- CEA, iBiTec-S/SIMOPRO, CEA-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Valérie Pons
- CEA, iBiTec-S/SCBM, CEA-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Amélie Goudet
- CEA, iBiTec-S/SIMOPRO, CEA-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Maria Daniela Garcia-Castillo
- UMR144 CNRS and Traffic, Signaling,
and Delivery Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26 Rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Aurélien Michau
- CEA, iBiTec-S/SIMOPRO, CEA-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jennifer Martinez
- CEA, iBiTec-S/SIMOPRO, CEA-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Ludger Johannes
- UMR144 CNRS and Traffic, Signaling,
and Delivery Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26 Rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Daniel Gillet
- CEA, iBiTec-S/SIMOPRO, CEA-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Julien Barbier
- CEA, iBiTec-S/SIMOPRO, CEA-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Saito R, Pruet JM, Manzano LA, Jasheway K, Monzingo AF, Wiget PA, Kamat I, Anslyn EV, Robertus JD. Peptide-conjugated pterins as inhibitors of ricin toxin A. J Med Chem 2012; 56:320-9. [PMID: 23214944 DOI: 10.1021/jm3016393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several 7-peptide-substituted pterins were synthesized and tested as competitive active-site inhibitors of ricin toxin A (RTA). Focus began on dipeptide conjugates, and these results further guided the construction of several tripeptide conjugates. The binding of these compounds to RTA was studied via a luminescence-based kinetic assay, as well as through X-ray crystallography. Despite the relatively polar, solvent exposed active site, several hydrophobic interactions, most commonly π-interactions not predicted by modeling programs, were identified in all of the best-performing inhibitors. Nearly all of these compounds provide IC₅₀ values in the low micromolar range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Canton J, Kima PE. Targeting host syntaxin-5 preferentially blocks Leishmania parasitophorous vacuole development in infected cells and limits experimental Leishmania infections. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:1348-55. [PMID: 22885104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Our previous observations established a role for syntaxin-5 in the development of Leishmania parasitophorous vacuoles (LPVs). In this study, we took advantage of the recent identification of Retro-2, a small organic molecule that can cause the redistribution of syntaxin-5; we show herein that Retro-2 blocks LPV development within 2 hours of adding it to cells infected with Leishmania amazonensis. In infected cells incubated for 48 hours with Retro-2, LPV development was significantly limited; furthermore, infected cells harbored four to five times fewer parasites than infected cells incubated in vehicle alone. In vivo studies revealed that Retro-2 curbed experimental L. amazonensis infections in a dose-dependent manner. Retro-2 did not have any appreciable effect on the host cell physiological characteristics; furthermore, it had no apparent toxicity in experimental animals. An unexpected, but welcome, finding was that Retro-2 inhibited the replication of Leishmania parasites in axenic cultures. This study is significant because it identifies an endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi SNARE as a potential target for the control of Leishmania infections; moreover, it suggests that small organic molecules can be identified that can selectively disrupt the vesicle fusion machinery that promotes the development of pathogen-containing compartments without exerting toxic effects on the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan Canton
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|