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Rodway C, Ibrahim S, Westhead J, Bojanić L, Turnbull P, Appleby L, Bacon A, Dale H, Harrison K, Kapur N. Suicide after leaving the UK Armed Forces 1996-2018: A cohort study. PLoS Med 2023; 20:e1004273. [PMID: 37552686 PMCID: PMC10409259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are comparatively few international studies investigating suicide in military veterans and no recent UK-wide studies. This is important because the wider context of being a UK Armed Forces (UKAF) veteran has changed in recent years following a period of intensive operations. We aimed to investigate the rate, timing, and risk factors for suicide in personnel who left the UKAF over a 23-year period. METHODS AND FINDINGS We carried out a retrospective cohort study of suicide in personnel who left the regular UKAF between 1996 and 2018 linking national databases of discharged personnel and suicide deaths, using survival analysis to examine the risk of suicide in veterans compared to the general population and conditional logistic regression to investigate factors most strongly associated with suicide after discharge. The 458,058 individuals who left the UKAF accumulated over 5,852,100 person years at risk, with a median length of follow-up of 13 years, were mostly male (91%), and had a median age of 26 years at discharge. 1,086 (0.2%) died by suicide. The overall rate of suicide in veterans was slightly lower than the general population (standardised mortality ratio, SMR [95% confidence interval, CI] 94 [88 to 99]). However, suicide risk was 2 to 3 times higher in male and female veterans aged under 25 years than in the same age groups in the general population (age-specific mortality ratios ranging from 160 to 409). Male veterans aged 35 years and older were at reduced risk of suicide (age-specific mortality ratios 47 to 80). Male sex, Army service, discharge between the ages of 16 and 34 years, being untrained on discharge, and length of service under 10 years were associated with higher suicide risk. Factors associated with reduced risk included being married, a higher rank, and deployment on combat operations. The rate of contact with specialist NHS mental health services (273/1,086, 25%) was lowest in the youngest age groups (10% for 16- to 19-year-olds; 23% for 20- to 24-year-olds). Study limitations include the fact that information on veterans was obtained from administrative databases and the role of pre-service vulnerabilities and other factors that may have influenced later suicide risk could not be explored. In addition, information on contact with support services was only available for veterans in contact with specialist NHS mental health services and not for those in contact with other health and social care services. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found suicide risk in personnel leaving the UKAF was not high but there are important differences according to age, with higher risk in young men and women. We found a number of factors which elevated the risk of suicide but deployment was associated with lower risk. The focus should be on improving and maintaining access to mental health care and social support for young service leavers, as well as implementing general suicide prevention measures for all veterans regardless of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn Rodway
- National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Safety in Mental Health (NCISH), Centre for Mental Health and Safety, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Saied Ibrahim
- National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Safety in Mental Health (NCISH), Centre for Mental Health and Safety, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jodie Westhead
- National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Safety in Mental Health (NCISH), Centre for Mental Health and Safety, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lana Bojanić
- National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Safety in Mental Health (NCISH), Centre for Mental Health and Safety, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline Turnbull
- National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Safety in Mental Health (NCISH), Centre for Mental Health and Safety, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Louis Appleby
- National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Safety in Mental Health (NCISH), Centre for Mental Health and Safety, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Bacon
- Armed Forces Team, NHS England, London, United Kingdom
- Westminster Centre for Research in Veterans, University of Chester, Chester, United Kingdom
| | - Harriet Dale
- Ministry of Defence, Defence Statistics Health, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Harrison
- Ministry of Defence, Defence Statistics Health, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nav Kapur
- National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Safety in Mental Health (NCISH), Centre for Mental Health and Safety, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Hall AL, Batchelor T, Bogaert L, Buckland R, Cowieson AB, Drew M, Harrison K, McBride DI, Schneiderman A, Taylor K. International perspective on military exposure data sources, applications, and opportunities for collaboration. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1154595. [PMID: 37213639 PMCID: PMC10198376 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1154595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Military personnel may be exposed to a range of hazards. The assessment, documentation and reporting of military exposure information are important steps to guide health protection, services, and research to support actively serving members and veterans. In 2021, a Working Group of researchers from veteran and defense administrations across the Five Eyes countries (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States) was established to examine large military exposure data sources available in each country, their applications, and opportunities to leverage information across administrations and internationally. We provide a brief summary of this work here to highlight some successful examples of data applications and to elicit interest in this evolving area of exposure science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Hall
- Research Directorate, Veterans Affairs Canada, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
- *Correspondence: Amy L. Hall,
| | - Trish Batchelor
- Department of Veterans’ Affairs, Canberra City, ACT, Australia
| | - Laura Bogaert
- Directorate of Force Health Protection, Department of National Defence, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Buckland
- Defence Health Directorate, New Zealand Defence Force, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ali B. Cowieson
- Research Directorate, Veterans Affairs Canada, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Michael Drew
- Department of Defence, Canberra City, ACT, Australia
| | | | - David I. McBride
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Aaron Schneiderman
- Epidemiology Program, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kathryn Taylor
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States
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Mallinckrodt C, Tian Y, Aisen PS, Barkhof F, Cohen S, Dent G, Hansson O, Harrison K, Iwatsubo T, Mummery CJ, Muralidharan KK, Nestorov I, Nisenbaum L, Rajagovindan R, von Hehn C, van Dyck CH, Vellas B, Wu S, Zhu Y, Sandrock A, Chen T, Budd Haeberlein S. Investigating Partially Discordant Results in Phase 3 Studies of Aducanumab. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2023; 10:171-177. [PMID: 36946443 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2023.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Efficacy and safety results from the EMERGE (NCT02484547) and ENGAGE (NCT02477800) phase 3 studies of aducanumab in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been published. In EMERGE, but not in ENGAGE, high-dose aducanumab demonstrated significant treatment effects across primary and secondary endpoints. Low-dose aducanumab results were consistent across studies with non-significant differences versus placebo that were intermediate to the high-dose arm in EMERGE. The present investigation examined data from EMERGE and ENGAGE through post-hoc analyses to determine factors that contributed to discordant results between the high-dose arms of the two studies. DESIGN EMERGE and ENGAGE were 2 phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group studies. SETTING EMERGE and ENGAGE were 2 global multicenter studies involving 348 sites in 20 countries. PARTICIPANTS Participants in EMERGE and ENGAGE were aged 50 to 85 years and had mild cognitive impairment or mild AD dementia with confirmed amyloid pathology. The randomized and dosed population (all randomized patients who received at least one dose of study treatment) included 1638 patients in EMERGE and 1647 in ENGAGE. INTERVENTION In EMERGE and ENGAGE, participants were randomized to receive low- or high-dose aducanumab or placebo (1:1:1) once every 4 weeks. MEASUREMENTS In this paper, 4 areas were investigated through post-hoc analyses to understand the discordance in the high-dose arms of the EMERGE and ENGAGE studies: baseline characteristics, amyloid-related imaging abnormalities, non-normality of the data, and dosing/exposure to aducanumab. RESULTS Post-hoc analyses showed that outcomes in the ENGAGE high-dose group were affected by an imbalance in a small number of patients with extremely rapid progression and by lower exposure to the target dose of 10 mg/kg. These factors were confounded and present in early enrolled patients but were not present in later-enrolled patients who were randomized to the target dosing regimen of 10 mg/kg after titration. Neither baseline characteristics nor amyloid-related imaging abnormalities contributed to the difference in results between the high-dose arms. CONCLUSIONS Results were consistent across studies in later enrolled patients in which the incidence of rapidly progressing patients was balanced across treatment arms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mallinckrodt
- Samantha Budd Haeberlein, 225 Binney Street, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 617-679-3159,
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Quintyne K, Kelly C, Brabazon E, Harrison K, White E. Public Health Response to Outbreaks of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1). Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac131.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Human infections from highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 are associated with significant morbidity and mortality internationally. This study aimed to use routinely available data to examine key strategies to prevent H5N1 transmission to humans during outbreaks in poultry in residents in Cavan, Louth, Meath and Monaghan.
Study design
Cross-sectional based study.
Methods
Data were obtained from Health Protection Team (HPT) in the Department of Public Health (DPH), HSE North-East and Department of Agriculture, Food, and the Marine (DAFM). Data entry and analyses were conducted using Microsoft Excel 2016.
Results
The public health response focussed on contact tracing, monitoring, and follow-up for household, farm-workers, and DAFM staff exposed on the affected farms. A total of 157 contact episodes were identified. Contacts received advice about active monitoring from their last exposure. A total of 111 (80%) were recommended chemoprophylaxis for exposure to HPAI H5N1. During the active monitoring period, two contacts developed acute respiratory symptoms, and parainfluenza 3 and rhino/enterovirus were identified in these individuals respectively.
Conclusions
The findings of this study, using routinely gathered data, highlighted that collaboration between public health and DAFM at regional and national level was key to rapid response to these outbreaks of HPAI in domesticated poultry. In addition, the public health response was successful in preventing H5N1 transmission from domesticated birds to humans.
Key messages
• HPAI H5N1 virus infections transmissions from poultry to humans is low.
• Effective public health measures are crucial to further mitigate the risks to an absolute minimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Quintyne
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive North-East , Kells, Co. Meath, Ireland
- School of Public Health, University College Cork , Cork, Ireland
| | - C Kelly
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive North-East , Kells, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - E Brabazon
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive North-East , Kells, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - K Harrison
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine , Dublin, Ireland
| | - E White
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine , Dublin, Ireland
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Quintyne KI, Kelly C, Brabazon E, Harrison K, White E. Public health response to outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) among poultry in Northeast of Ireland, November 2021 to January 2022. Public Health 2022; 212:28-32. [PMID: 36182748 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human infections from highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 are associated with significant morbidity and mortality internationally. This study aimed to use routinely available data to examine key strategies to prevent H5N1 transmission to humans during outbreaks in poultry in residents in Cavan, Louth, Meath and Monaghan. STUDY DESIGN This was a cross-sectional based study. METHODS Data were obtained from Health Protection Team in the Department of Public Health, HSE North East and Department of Agriculture, Food, and the Marine (DAFM). Data entry and analyses were conducted using Microsoft Excel 2016. RESULTS The public health response focussed on contact tracing, monitoring and follow-up for household, farm workers and DAFM staff exposed on the affected farms. A total of 157 contact episodes were identified. Contacts received advice about active monitoring from their last exposure. A total of 111 (80%) were recommended chemoprophylaxis for exposure to HPAI H5N1. During the active monitoring period, two contacts developed acute respiratory symptoms, and parainfluenza 3 and rhino/enterovirus were identified in these individuals, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study, using routinely gathered data, highlighted that collaboration between public health and DAFM at regional and national levels was key to rapid response to these outbreaks of HPAI in domesticated poultry. In addition, the public health response appears to have been successful in preventing H5N1 transmission from domesticated birds to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Quintyne
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive (HSE) North-East, Navan, Co Meath, Ireland; School of Public Health, University College Cork, College Road, Co Cork, Ireland.
| | - C Kelly
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive (HSE) North-East, Navan, Co Meath, Ireland
| | - E Brabazon
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive (HSE) North-East, Navan, Co Meath, Ireland
| | - K Harrison
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and the Marine (DAFM), Agriculture House, Kildare Street, Co Dublin, Ireland
| | - E White
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and the Marine (DAFM), Agriculture House, Kildare Street, Co Dublin, Ireland
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Budd Haeberlein S, Aisen PS, Barkhof F, Chalkias S, Chen T, Cohen S, Dent G, Hansson O, Harrison K, von Hehn C, Iwatsubo T, Mallinckrodt C, Mummery CJ, Muralidharan KK, Nestorov I, Nisenbaum L, Rajagovindan R, Skordos L, Tian Y, van Dyck CH, Vellas B, Wu S, Zhu Y, Sandrock A. Two Randomized Phase 3 Studies of Aducanumab in Early Alzheimer's Disease. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2022; 9:197-210. [PMID: 35542991 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2022.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, irreversible, and fatal disease for which accumulation of amyloid beta is thought to play a key role in pathogenesis. Aducanumab is a human monoclonal antibody directed against aggregated soluble and insoluble forms of amyloid beta. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the efficacy and safety of aducanumab in early Alzheimer's disease. DESIGN EMERGE and ENGAGE were two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, global, phase 3 studies of aducanumab in patients with early Alzheimer's disease. SETTING These studies involved 348 sites in 20 countries. PARTICIPANTS Participants included 1638 (EMERGE) and 1647 (ENGAGE) patients (aged 50-85 years, confirmed amyloid pathology) who met clinical criteria for mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease or mild Alzheimer's disease dementia, of which 1812 (55.2%) completed the study. INTERVENTION Participants were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to receive aducanumab low dose (3 or 6 mg/kg target dose), high dose (10 mg/kg target dose), or placebo via IV infusion once every 4 weeks over 76 weeks. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome measure was change from baseline to week 78 on the Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB), an integrated scale that assesses both function and cognition. Other measures included safety assessments; secondary and tertiary clinical outcomes that assessed cognition, function, and behavior; and biomarker endpoints. RESULTS EMERGE and ENGAGE were halted based on futility analysis of data pooled from the first approximately 50% of enrolled patients; subsequent efficacy analyses included data from a larger data set collected up to futility declaration and followed prespecified statistical analyses. The primary endpoint was met in EMERGE (difference of -0.39 for high-dose aducanumab vs placebo [95% CI, -0.69 to -0.09; P=.012; 22% decrease]) but not in ENGAGE (difference of 0.03, [95% CI, -0.26 to 0.33; P=.833; 2% increase]). Results of biomarker substudies confirmed target engagement and dose-dependent reduction in markers of Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. The most common adverse event was amyloid-related imaging abnormalities-edema. CONCLUSIONS Data from EMERGE demonstrated a statistically significant change across all four primary and secondary clinical endpoints. ENGAGE did not meet its primary or secondary endpoints. A dose- and time-dependent reduction in pathophysiological markers of Alzheimer's disease was observed in both trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Budd Haeberlein
- Samantha Budd Haeberlein, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 617-679-3159,
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Zalawadiya S, Fossey S, Brinkley D, Harrison K, Tunney R, Sandhaus E, Schwartz C, Wigger M, Menachem J, Ooi H, Pedrotty D, Punnoose L, Brown Sacks S, Ray C, Hassler J, Rechel K, Rali A, Siddiqi H, Balsara K, McMaster W, Nguyen D, Hoffman J, Shah A, Lindenfeld J, Schlendorf K. Desensitization Therapy Among Highly Sensitized LVAD Patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Harrison K, Pullen H, Welsh C, Oktay O, Alvarez-Valle J, Jena R. Machine Learning for Auto-Segmentation in Radiotherapy Planning. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2022; 34:74-88. [PMID: 34996682 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Manual segmentation of target structures and organs at risk is a crucial step in the radiotherapy workflow. It has the disadvantages that it can require several hours of clinician time per patient and is prone to inter- and intra-observer variability. Automatic segmentation (auto-segmentation), using computer algorithms, seeks to address these issues. Advances in machine learning and computer vision have led to the development of methods for accurate and efficient auto-segmentation. This review surveys auto-segmentation techniques and applications in radiotherapy planning. It provides an overview of traditional approaches to auto-segmentation, including intensity analysis, shape modelling and atlas-based methods. The focus, though, is on uses of machine learning and deep learning, including convolutional neural networks. Finally, the future of machine-learning-driven auto-segmentation in clinical settings is considered, and the barriers that must be overcome for it to be widely accepted into routine practice are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Harrison
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - H Pullen
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - C Welsh
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - O Oktay
- Health Intelligence, Microsoft Research, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - R Jena
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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Muthukumaran K, Leahy S, Harrison K, Sikorska M, Sandhu JK, Cohen J, Keshan C, Lopatin D, Miller H, Borowy-Borowski H, Lanthier P, Weinstock S, Pandey S. Correction to: Orally delivered water soluble coenzyme Q10 (Ubisol-Q10) blocks on-going neurodegeneration in rats exposed to paraquat: potential for therapeutic application in Parkinson's disease. BMC Neurosci 2021; 22:79. [PMID: 34930123 PMCID: PMC8686531 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-021-00684-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Krithika Muthukumaran
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON, Canada.,Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Samantha Leahy
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON, Canada.,Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Kate Harrison
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON, Canada.,Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Marianna Sikorska
- Translational Bioscience, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Jagdeep K Sandhu
- Translational Bioscience, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Jerome Cohen
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON, Canada.,Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Corrine Keshan
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON, Canada.,Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Lopatin
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON, Canada.,Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Harvey Miller
- Translational Bioscience, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Henryk Borowy-Borowski
- Translational Bioscience, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Patricia Lanthier
- Translational Bioscience, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | | | - Siyaram Pandey
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON, Canada. .,Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada.
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Gimenez AM, Salman AM, Marques RF, López-Camacho C, Harrison K, Kim YC, Janse CJ, Soares IS, Reyes-Sandoval A. A universal vaccine candidate against Plasmodium vivax malaria confers protective immunity against the three PvCSP alleles. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17928. [PMID: 34504134 PMCID: PMC8429696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a highly prevalent parasitic disease in regions with tropical and subtropical climates worldwide. Among the species of Plasmodium causing human malaria, P. vivax is the second most prevalent and the most geographically widespread species. A major target of a pre-erythrocytic vaccine is the P. vivax circumsporozoite protein (PvCSP). In previous studies, we fused two recombinant proteins representing three allelic variants of PvCSP (VK210, VK247 and P. vivax-like) to the mumps virus nucleocapsid protein to enhance immune responses against PvCSP. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the protective efficacy of these recombinants in mice challenged with transgenic P. berghei parasites expressing PvCSP allelic variants. Formulations containing Poly (I:C) or Montanide ISA720 as adjuvants elicited high and long-lasting IgG antibody titers specific to each PvCSP allelic variant. Immunized mice were challenged with two existing chimeric P. berghei parasite lines expressing PvCSP-VK210 and PvCSP-VK247. We also developed a novel chimeric line expressing the third allelic variant, PvCSP-P. vivax-like, as a new murine immunization-challenge model. Our formulations conferred partial protection (significant delay in the time to reach 1% parasitemia) against challenge with the three chimeric parasites. Our results provide insights into the development of a vaccine targeting multiple strains of P. vivax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Marina Gimenez
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.,Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ahmed M Salman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Rodolfo F Marques
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - César López-Camacho
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Kate Harrison
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Young Chan Kim
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Chris J Janse
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden Malaria Research Group, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, (LUMC, L4-Q), Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Irene S Soares
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Arturo Reyes-Sandoval
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK. .,Instituto Politécnico Nacional, IPN, Av. Luis Enrique Erro S/N. Unidad Adolfo López Mateos, Zacatenco, CP 07738, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Yu K, Lee K, Afrifa-Yamoah E, Guo J, Pachter N, Harrison K, Goldblatt J, Xiao J, Zhang G. Identification of candidate congenital heart defects biomarkers by applying a random forest approach on DNA methylation data. Atherosclerosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Venkatasami M, Harrison K. PRIMARY ACINIC CELL CARCINOMA IN A YOUNG FEMALE PATIENT: A CASE REPORT. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.03.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Venkatasami M, Harrison K. CRANIOFACIAL OSTEOSARCOMA: A CASE REPORT. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.03.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fridman V, Zarini S, Sillau S, Harrison K, Bergman BC, Feldman EL, Reusch JEB, Callaghan BC. Altered plasma serine and 1-deoxydihydroceramide profiles are associated with diabetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes and obesity. J Diabetes Complications 2021; 35:107852. [PMID: 33485750 PMCID: PMC8114795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.107852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the accumulation of atypical, 1-deoxysphingolipids that lack the C1 hydroxyl group may be associated with diabetic neuropathy (DN). We hypothesized that specific plasma 1-deoxysphingolipids associate with DN severity, and that alterations in plasma serine and alanine associate with 1-deoxysphingolipid elevation in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We examined individual 1-deoxysphingolipid species using LC/MS/MS in plasma samples from 75 individuals including lean controls (LC, n = 19), those with obesity (n = 19), obesity with T2D without DN (ob/T2D, n = 18), and obesity with T2D with DN (Ob/T2D/DN, n = 19). We observed a step wise increase in 1-deoxydihydroceramides across these four groups (spearman correlation coefficient r = 0.41, p = 0.0002). Mean total concentrations of 1-deoxydihydroceramides, and most individual 1-deoxydihydroceramide species, were higher in ob/T2D/DN versus LC group (8.939 vs. 5.195 pmol/100 μL for total 1-deoxydihydroceramides p = 0.005). No significant differences in 1-deoxydihydroceramides were observed between the ob/T2D and ob/T2D/DN groups. l-alanine was higher and l-serine lower in ob/T2D/DN versus LC groups (326.2 vs. 248.0 μM, p = 0.0086 and 70.2 vs. 89.8 μM, p = 0.0110), consistent with a potential contribution of these changes to the observed 1-deoxysphingolipids profiles. 1-deoxydihydroceramides correlated inversely with leg intraepidermal nerve fiber density (CC -0.40, p = 0.003). These findings indicate that 1-deoxydihydroceramides may be important biomarkers and/or mediators of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Fridman
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - S Zarini
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - S Sillau
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - K Harrison
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - B C Bergman
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - J E B Reusch
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Rocky Mountain Regional VA, Aurora, CO, USA
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Noble D, Harrison K, Shelley L, Bates A, Bailey J, Wilson M, Romanchikova M, Thomas S, Hoole A, Jadon R, Barnett G, Benson R, Jefferies S, Burnet N, Jena R. PO-0793: Does delivered OAR dose improve prediction of late toxicity in head & neck cancer patients? Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)00810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Soares IF, López-Camacho C, Rodrigues-da-Silva RN, da Silva Matos A, de Oliveira Baptista B, Totino PRR, de Souza RM, Harrison K, Gimenez AM, de Freitas EO, Kim YC, Oliveira-Ferreira J, Daniel-Ribeiro CT, Reyes-Sandoval A, Pratt-Riccio LR, Lima-Junior JDC. Recombinant Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite surface protein allelic variants: antibody recognition by individuals from three communities in the Brazilian Amazon. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14020. [PMID: 32820195 PMCID: PMC7441389 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Circumsporozoite protein (CSP) variants of P. vivax, besides having variations in the protein repetitive portion, can differ from each other in aspects such as geographical distribution, intensity of transmission, vectorial competence and immune response. Such aspects must be considered to P. vivax vaccine development. Therefore, we evaluated the immunogenicity of novel recombinant proteins corresponding to each of the three P. vivax allelic variants (VK210, VK247 and P. vivax-like) and of the C-terminal region (shared by all PvCSP variants) in naturally malaria-exposed populations of Brazilian Amazon. Our results demonstrated that PvCSP-VK210 was the major target of humoral immune response in studied population, presenting higher frequency and magnitude of IgG response. The IgG subclass profile showed a prevalence of cytophilic antibodies (IgG1 and IgG3), that seem to have an essential role in protective immune response. Differently of PvCSP allelic variants, antibodies elicited against C-terminal region of protein did not correlate with epidemiological parameters, bringing additional evidence that humoral response against this protein region is not essential to protective immunity. Taken together, these findings increase the knowledge on serological response to distinct PvCSP allelic variants and may contribute to the development of a global and effective P. vivax vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Ferreira Soares
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - César López-Camacho
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rodrigo Nunes Rodrigues-da-Silva
- Laboratório de Tecnologia em Anticorpos Monoclonais, Instituto de Tecnologia de Imunobiológicos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ada da Silva Matos
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Renato Rivas Totino
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Medeiros de Souza
- Centro de Pesquisa em Doenças Infecciosas, Centro Multidisciplinar, Campus Floresta, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - Kate Harrison
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alba Marina Gimenez
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elisângela Oliveira de Freitas
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Young Chan Kim
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joseli Oliveira-Ferreira
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Arturo Reyes-Sandoval
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lilian Rose Pratt-Riccio
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Josué da Costa Lima-Junior
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Schrader E, Delehanty AD, Casler A, Petrie E, Rivera A, Harrison K, Paterniti T, Sebastiany L, Nottke C, Sohl K, Levy SE, Wetherby AM. Integrating a New Online Autism Screening Tool in Primary Care to Lower the Age of Referral. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2020; 59:305-309. [PMID: 31976757 DOI: 10.1177/0009922819900947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alix Casler
- Physician Associates of Orlando Health, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Susan E Levy
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Noble D, Harrison K, Hoole A, Wilson M, Thomas S, Bates A, Shelley L, Burnet N, Jena R. PO-0984 Univariate toxicity associations are stronger with delivered than planned dose in HNC patients. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)31404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Hunt S, Thomas S, McClelland J, Harrison K, Rose C, Scaife J, Sutcliffe M, Burnet N, Jena R. EP-2038 Use of deformable image registration for automatic outlining of the rectum. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)32458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Noble D, Harrison K, Wilson M, Hoole A, Thomas S, Burnet N, Jena R. PO-126 Predictors of dose differences to swallowing OARs in patients undergoing radiotherapy for HNC. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)30292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Shelley LEA, Sutcliffe MPF, Harrison K, Scaife JE, Parker MA, Romanchikova M, Thomas SJ, Jena R, Burnet NG. Autosegmentation of the rectum on megavoltage image guidance scans. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019; 5:025006. [PMID: 31057946 PMCID: PMC6466640 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aaf1db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Autosegmentation of image guidance (IG) scans is crucial for streamlining and optimising delivered dose calculation in radiotherapy. By accounting for interfraction motion, daily delivered dose can be accumulated and incorporated into automated systems for adaptive radiotherapy. Autosegmentation of IG scans is challenging due to poorer image quality than typical planning kilovoltage computed tomography (kVCT) systems, and the resulting reduction of soft tissue contrast in regions such as the pelvis makes organ boundaries less distinguishable. Current autosegmentation solutions generally involve propagation of planning contours to the IG scan by deformable image registration (DIR). Here, we present a novel approach for primary autosegmentation of the rectum on megavoltage IG scans acquired during prostate radiotherapy, based on the Chan-Vese algorithm. Pre-processing steps such as Hounsfield unit/intensity scaling, identifying search regions, dealing with air, and handling the prostate, are detailed. Post-processing features include identification of implausible contours (nominally those affected by muscle or air), 3D self-checking, smoothing, and interpolation. In cases where the algorithm struggles, the best estimate on a given slice may revert to the propagated kVCT rectal contour. Algorithm parameters were optimised systematically for a training cohort of 26 scans, and tested on a validation cohort of 30 scans, from 10 patients. Manual intervention was not required. Comparing Chan-Vese autocontours with contours manually segmented by an experienced clinical oncologist achieved a mean Dice Similarity Coefficient of 0.78 (SE < 0.011). This was comparable with DIR methods for kVCT and CBCT published in the literature. The autosegmentation system was developed within the VoxTox Research Programme for accumulation of delivered dose to the rectum in prostate radiotherapy, but may have applicability to further anatomical sites and imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E A Shelley
- University of Cambridge, Department of Engineering, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cancer Research UK VoxTox Research Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M P F Sutcliffe
- University of Cambridge, Department of Engineering, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cancer Research UK VoxTox Research Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - K Harrison
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cancer Research UK VoxTox Research Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J E Scaife
- Gloucestershire Oncology Centre, Cheltenham General Hospital, Cheltenham, United Kingdom
| | - M A Parker
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cancer Research UK VoxTox Research Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M Romanchikova
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cancer Research UK VoxTox Research Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - S J Thomas
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cancer Research UK VoxTox Research Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - R Jena
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cancer Research UK VoxTox Research Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Oncology Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - N G Burnet
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cancer Research UK VoxTox Research Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Wilson FM, Harrison K, Armitage AD, Simkin AJ, Harrison RJ. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of phytoene desaturase in diploid and octoploid strawberry. Plant Methods 2019; 15:45. [PMID: 31068975 PMCID: PMC6495592 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0428-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9 is a simple and powerful tool for elucidating genetic controls and for crop improvement and its use has been reported in a growing number of important food crops, including recently Fragaria. In order to inform application of the technology in Fragaria, we targeted the visible endogenous marker gene PDS (phytoene desaturase) in diploid Fragaria vesca ssp. vesca 'Hawaii 4' and octoploid F. × ananassa 'Calypso'. RESULTS Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of leaf and petiole explants was used for efficient stable integration of constructs expressing plant codon-optimised Cas9 and single guide sequences under control of the Arabidopsis U6-26 consensus promoter and terminator or Fragaria vesca U6III regulatory sequences. More than 80% ('Hawaii 4') and 50% ('Calypso') putative transgenic shoot lines (multiple shoots derived from a single callus) exhibited mutant phenotypes. Of mutant shoot lines selected for molecular analysis, approximately 75% ('Hawaii 4') and 55% ('Calypso') included albino regenerants with bi-allelic target sequence variants. Our results indicate the PDS gene is functionally diploid in 'Calypso'. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9 may be used to generate biallelic mutants at high frequency within the genomes of diploid and octoploid strawberry. The methodology, observations and comprehensive data set presented will facilitate routine application of this technology in Fragaria to single and multiple gene copy targets where mutant phenotypes cannot be identified visually.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate Harrison
- NIAB EMR, New Road, East Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ UK
- Present Address: Driscolls, New Road, East Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ UK
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Rolland-Harris E, Harrison K, Simkus K, Baird L, Palmer K, Sandra D, VanTil L. UK and Canadian Gulf War Veteran Mortality: Using A Fellow Military Cohort as a Comparison Population. Int J Popul Data Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.23889/ijpds.v3i4.1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionTo compare 1990-91 Gulf War Veterans (GWV) survival outcomes with a comparable cohort, UK’s Ministry of Defence and Canada’s Department of National Defence combined data from their respective cohorts. The survival estimates/comparisons emanating from this collaboration will be novel as they will control for healthy worker/soldier effect (HW/SE).
Objectives and ApproachGWV cohort building and record linkage methods used by Canada and the UK are described in more detail elsewhere. To ensure comparability in mortality outcomes between cohorts, the following steps will be conducted prior to analysis:
ICD-9 causes of death (COD) will be recoded to ICD-10; recoding by each country will be cross-validated by the other, to ensure high inter-coder reliability;
CODs will be analysed at the ICD-chapter level;
Calculated age- and sex-specific rates will be directly standardized using the WHO 2012-2022 Standard Population. Cox proportional hazards will be used to compare survival between cohorts.
ResultsWe are currently in the process of completing this exciting cross-sectoral linkage study and expect to have preliminary results to present. To our knowledge, this will be the first time that mortality outcomes for two discrete Gulf War veteran cohorts (ascertained by record linkage) will be analytically compared, rather than comparing to the general population. These findings will not only provide a more recent evaluation of the health status of GWV in Canada, but will also be a rare opportunity to control for the HW/SE, using comparisons with non-equivalent cohorts (e.g., general population, other deployment) cannot achieve.
Conclusion/ImplicationsBeyond evidence of a strong inter-sectoral research relationship between military nations, these findings also represent a feasible solution to controlling for the HW/SE. The ability to control for this will mean more accurate UK and Canada GWV mortality/survival estimates than either country can generate on their own.
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Tepshi L, Gupta N, Noel R, Goudet A, Hinsinger K, Michau A, Pons V, Abdelkafi H, Secher T, Shima A, Shtanko O, Sakurai Y, Cojean S, Pomel S, Lievin-Le Moal V, Leignel V, Herweg JA, Fischer A, Johannes L, Harrison K, Beard PM, Rudel T, Vacus J, Loiseau PM, Davey RA, Oswald E, Cintrat JC, Barbier J, Gillet D. Retro-2, a small molecule able to protect cells against a broad spectrum of menacing agents: Toxins, viruses, parasites and intracellular bacteria. Toxicon 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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McGuire R, Hepper A, Harrison K. From Northern Ireland to Afghanistan: half a century of blast injuries. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2018; 165:27-32. [PMID: 29804094 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2017-000892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
IntroductionThroughout the last half century, blast injuries have been a common occurrence to UK military personnel during combat operations. This study investigates casualty data from three different military operations to determine whether survivability from blast injuries has improved over time and whether the tactics used could have influenced the injuries sustained.MethodsCasualty data from operations in Northern Ireland, Iraq and Afghanistan were reviewed and found to contain a total of 2629 casualties injured by improvised explosive devices. The injury severities were examined and the suitability of comparison between conflicts was considered.ResultsThe case fatality rate and mean severity score sustained remained consistent among the operations included in this study. Using the New Injury Severity Score, the probabilities of survival were calculated for each separate operation. The body regions injured were identified for both fatalities and survivors. Using this information, comparisons of injury severities sustained at an Abbreviated Injury Scale of 3 and above (identified as a threshold for fatal injury) were conducted between the different operations.ConclusionsThe data showed that as operations changed over time, survivability improved and the proportions of body regions injured also changed; however, this study also highlights how studying casualty data from different conflicts without taking account for the contextual differences may lead to misleading conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - K Harrison
- Ministry of Defence, Defence Statistics (Health), Bristol, UK
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Lam NL, Muhwezi G, Isabirye F, Harrison K, Ruiz-Mercado I, Amukoye E, Mokaya T, Wambua M, Bates MN. Exposure reductions associated with introduction of solar lamps to kerosene lamp-using households in Busia County, Kenya. Indoor Air 2018; 28:218-227. [PMID: 29028275 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Solar lamps are a clean and potentially cost-effective alternative to polluting kerosene lamps used by millions of families in developing countries. By how much solar lamps actually reduce exposure to pollutants, however, has not been examined. Twenty households using mainly kerosene for lighting were enrolled through a secondary school in Busia County, Kenya. Personal PM2.5 and CO concentrations were measured on a school pupil and an adult in each household, before and after provision of 3 solar lamps. PM2.5 concentrations were measured in main living areas, pupils' bedrooms, and kitchens. Usage sensors measured use of kerosene and solar lighting devices. Ninety percent of baseline kerosene lamp use was displaced at 1-month follow-up, corresponding to average PM2.5 reductions of 61% and 79% in main living areas and pupils' bedrooms, respectively. Average 48-h exposure to PM2.5 fell from 210 to 104 μg/m3 (-50%) among adults, and from 132 to 35 μg/m3 (-73%) among pupils. Solar lamps displaced most kerosene lamp use in at least the short term. If sustained, this could mitigate health impacts of household air pollution in some contexts. Achieving safe levels of exposure for all family members would likely require also addressing use of solid-fuel stoves.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Lam
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - G Muhwezi
- Center for Integrated Research and Community Development Uganda (CIRCODU), Kampala, Uganda
| | - F Isabirye
- Center for Integrated Research and Community Development Uganda (CIRCODU), Kampala, Uganda
| | - K Harrison
- SolarAid, London, England
- Acumen, London, England
| | - I Ruiz-Mercado
- CONACYT-Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, UNAM, Morelia, Mexico
| | - E Amukoye
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - T Mokaya
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - M Wambua
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - M N Bates
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Abstract
The history of Frey's syndrome is explored together with its physiopathological and anatomical basis. A study of 19 cases of parotidectomy in 15 patients is reviewed and the results of 17 tympanic neurectomies presented.
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Deepak S, Harrison K, Foster H, Rapley T, McErlane F. 69. Survey of Attitudes to and Experience of Research in Clinical Practice 2015-16. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex390.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Yeap PL, Noble DJ, Harrison K, Bates AM, Burnet NG, Jena R, Romanchikova M, Sutcliffe MPF, Thomas SJ, Barnett GC, Benson RJ, Jefferies SJ, Parker MA. Automatic contour propagation using deformable image registration to determine delivered dose to spinal cord in head-and-neck cancer radiotherapy. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:6062-6073. [PMID: 28573978 PMCID: PMC5952263 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa76aa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To determine delivered dose to the spinal cord, a technique has been developed to propagate manual contours from kilovoltage computed-tomography (kVCT) scans for treatment planning to megavoltage computed-tomography (MVCT) guidance scans. The technique uses the Elastix software to perform intensity-based deformable image registration of each kVCT scan to the associated MVCT scans. The registration transform is then applied to contours of the spinal cord drawn manually on the kVCT scan, to obtain contour positions on the MVCT scans. Different registration strategies have been investigated, with performance evaluated by comparing the resulting auto-contours with manual contours, drawn by oncologists. The comparison metrics include the conformity index (CI), and the distance between centres (DBC). With optimised registration, auto-contours generally agree well with manual contours. Considering all 30 MVCT scans for each of three patients, the median CI is \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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}{}$0.759 \pm 0.003$ \end{document}0.759±0.003, and the median DBC is (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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}{}$0.87 \pm 0.01$ \end{document}0.87±0.01) mm. An intra-observer comparison for the same scans gives a median CI of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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}{}$0.820 \pm 0.002$ \end{document}0.820±0.002 and a DBC of (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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}{}$0.64 \pm 0.01$ \end{document}0.64±0.01) mm. Good levels of conformity are also obtained when auto-contours are compared with manual contours from one observer for a single MVCT scan for each of 30 patients, and when they are compared with manual contours from six observers for two MVCT scans for each of three patients. Using the auto-contours to estimate organ position at treatment time, a preliminary study of 33 patients who underwent radiotherapy for head-and-neck cancers indicates good agreement between planned and delivered dose to the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Yeap
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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Noble D, Yeap P, Harrison K, Thomas S, Parker M, Burnet N. PO-0879: Differences between planned and delivered maximum spinal cord dose in Head &Neck cancer patients. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shelley L, Scaife J, Bates A, Forman J, Harrison K, Jena R, Noble D, Parker M, Romanchikova M, Sutcliffe M, Thomas S, Burnet N. PO-0880: Using accumulated delivered dose to predict rectal toxicity in prostate radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Romanchikova M, Johnston D, Sutcliffe M, Harrison K, Thomas S, Scaife J, Burnet N. PO-0892: Automatic quality assurance of rectal contours on image guidance scans. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Shelley LEA, Scaife JE, Romanchikova M, Harrison K, Forman JR, Bates AM, Noble DJ, Jena R, Parker MA, Sutcliffe MPF, Thomas SJ, Burnet NG. Delivered dose can be a better predictor of rectal toxicity than planned dose in prostate radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2017; 123:466-471. [PMID: 28460825 PMCID: PMC5486775 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background and purpose For the first time, delivered dose to the rectum has been calculated and accumulated throughout the course of prostate radiotherapy using megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) image guidance scans. Dosimetric parameters were linked with toxicity to test the hypothesis that delivered dose is a stronger predictor of toxicity than planned dose. Material and methods Dose–surface maps (DSMs) of the rectal wall were automatically generated from daily MVCT scans for 109 patients within the VoxTox research programme. Accumulated-DSMs, representing total delivered dose, and planned-DSMs, from planning CT data, were parametrised using Equivalent Uniform Dose (EUD) and ‘DSM dose-width’, the lateral dimension of an ellipse fitted to a discrete isodose cluster. Associations with 6 toxicity endpoints were assessed using receiver operator characteristic curve analysis. Results For rectal bleeding, the area under the curve (AUC) was greater for accumulated dose than planned dose for DSM dose-widths up to 70 Gy. Accumulated 65 Gy DSM dose-width produced the strongest spatial correlation (AUC 0.664), while accumulated EUD generated the largest AUC overall (0.682). For proctitis, accumulated EUD was the only reportable predictor (AUC 0.673). Accumulated EUD was systematically lower than planned EUD. Conclusions Dosimetric parameters extracted from accumulated DSMs have demonstrated stronger correlations with rectal bleeding and proctitis, than planned DSMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E A Shelley
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oncology, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - J E Scaife
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oncology, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M Romanchikova
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oncology, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - K Harrison
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oncology, United Kingdom; Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J R Forman
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oncology, United Kingdom; Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - A M Bates
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oncology, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - D J Noble
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oncology, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - R Jena
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oncology, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M A Parker
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oncology, United Kingdom; Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M P F Sutcliffe
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oncology, United Kingdom; Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - S J Thomas
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oncology, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - N G Burnet
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oncology, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Gupta N, Noël R, Goudet A, Hinsinger K, Michau A, Pons V, Abdelkafi H, Secher T, Shima A, Shtanko O, Sakurai Y, Cojean S, Pomel S, Liévin-Le Moal V, Leignel V, Herweg JA, Fischer A, Johannes L, Harrison K, Beard PM, Clayette P, Le Grand R, Rayner JO, Rudel T, Vacus J, Loiseau PM, Davey RA, Oswald E, Cintrat JC, Barbier J, Gillet D. Inhibitors of retrograde trafficking active against ricin and Shiga toxins also protect cells from several viruses, Leishmania and Chlamydiales. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 267:96-103. [PMID: 27712998 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Medical countermeasures to treat biothreat agent infections require broad-spectrum therapeutics that do not induce agent resistance. A cell-based high-throughput screen (HTS) against ricin toxin combined with hit optimization allowed selection of a family of compounds that meet these requirements. The hit compound Retro-2 and its derivatives have been demonstrated to be safe in vivo in mice even at high doses. Moreover, Retro-2 is an inhibitor of retrograde transport that affects syntaxin-5-dependent toxins and pathogens. As a consequence, it has a broad-spectrum activity that has been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo against ricin, Shiga toxin-producing O104:H4 entero-hemorrhagic E. coli and Leishmania sp. and in vitro against Ebola, Marburg and poxviruses and Chlamydiales. An effect is anticipated on other toxins or pathogens that use retrograde trafficking and syntaxin-5. Since Retro-2 targets cell components of the host and not directly the pathogen, no selection of resistant pathogens is expected. These lead compounds need now to be developed as drugs for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Gupta
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay (IBITECS), CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Romain Noël
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay (IBITECS), CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Amélie Goudet
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay (IBITECS), CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Karen Hinsinger
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay (IBITECS), CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Aurélien Michau
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay (IBITECS), CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Valérie Pons
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay (IBITECS), CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Hajer Abdelkafi
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay (IBITECS), CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | | | | | - Olena Shtanko
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Sandrine Cojean
- Antiparasitic Chemotherapy, UMR 8076, CNRS BioCIS, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92290, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sébastien Pomel
- Antiparasitic Chemotherapy, UMR 8076, CNRS BioCIS, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92290, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Vanessa Liévin-Le Moal
- Antiparasitic Chemotherapy, UMR 8076, CNRS BioCIS, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92290, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Véronique Leignel
- DRUGABILIS (French Research Performer SME), F-92290, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Jo-Ana Herweg
- University of Würzburg, Biocenter, Chair of Microbiology, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Annette Fischer
- University of Würzburg, Biocenter, Chair of Microbiology, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Endocytic Trafficking and Therapeutic Delivery Group, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75248, Paris Cedex 05, France; CNRS, UMR3666, F-75005, Paris, France; INSERM, U1143, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Kate Harrison
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa M Beard
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom; The Pirbright Institute, Ash Rd, Pirbright, Surrey GH24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Pascal Clayette
- ImmunoPharmacology and Biosafety Laboratory, BERTIN Pharma, CEA, F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies, CEA, U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Infectious Disease Models and Innovative Therapies Infrastructure, F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; INSERM, U1184, F-94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; University of Paris South, U1184, F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Jonathan O Rayner
- Infectious Disease Research, Southern Research, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Thomas Rudel
- University of Würzburg, Biocenter, Chair of Microbiology, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joël Vacus
- DRUGABILIS (French Research Performer SME), F-92290, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Philippe M Loiseau
- Antiparasitic Chemotherapy, UMR 8076, CNRS BioCIS, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92290, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Robert A Davey
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Cintrat
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay (IBITECS), CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Julien Barbier
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay (IBITECS), CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Daniel Gillet
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay (IBITECS), CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
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Abstract
There is growing recognition of the role of micro-architecture in osteoporotic bone loss and fragility. This trend has been driven by advances in imaging technology, which have enabled a transition from measures of mass to micro-architecture. Imaging trabecular bone has been a key research focus, but advances in resolution have also enabled the detection of cortical bone micro-architecture, particularly the network of vascular canals, commonly referred to as 'cortical porosity.' This review aims to provide an overview of what this level of porosity is, why it is important, and how it can be characterized by imaging. Moving beyond a 'trabeculocentric' view of bone loss holds the potential to improve diagnosis and monitoring of interventions. Furthermore, cortical porosity is intimately linked to the remodeling process, which underpins bone loss, and thus a larger potential exists to improve our fundamental understanding of bone health through imaging of both humans and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M L Cooper
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - C E Kawalilak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - K Harrison
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - B D Johnston
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - J D Johnston
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Morgan J, Franco RL, Harrison K, Blanks AM, Caslin HL, Williams DSB. Stride Frequency And Injury Rates In Recreational Runners Training For A Half-marathon. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000486856.17264.1a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Romanchikova M, Johnston D, Harrison K, Sutcliffe M, Scaife J, Thomas S, Burnet N. EP-1894: Evaluation of a novel method for automatic segmentation of rectum on daily MVCT prostate images. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)33145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sheriff RJS, Forbes HJ, Wessely SC, Greenberg N, Jones N, Fertout M, Harrison K, Fear NT. Risky driving among UK regular armed forces personnel: changes over time. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e008434. [PMID: 26399573 PMCID: PMC4593148 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the prevalence of self-reported risky driving in a sample of UK military personnel at 2 different time points (2004 and 2009), and to identify the incidence of new onset risky driving and possible determinants of becoming a new risky driver. METHODS Data were used from 2 phases of a military cohort study investigating the health and well-being of UK military personnel between 2004 and 2009. Participants were included if they were undertaking regular (rather than reserve) engagements, had completed both surveys and reported being a driver at both surveys. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between risky driving status and sociodemographic and military characteristics. Data analysis was conducted in 2011. RESULTS The prevalence of risky driving reduced from 18% to 14%, over an average of 3.3 years. The incidence of new onset risky driving was 7%. Predictors for becoming a new risky driver were: younger age, not being in a relationship at phase 2 and harmful alcohol use. Those deployed after 2007 were less likely to become risky drivers following deployment, compared with those deployed before 2007 (adjusted OR 0.62 (95% CI 0.40 to 0.95)). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of becoming a risky driver appears to have reduced over time. This paper suggests a number of explanations for this reduction, including changes in the way that the UK military have dealt with road safety with the introduction of the road safety campaign (in 2007).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Syed Sheriff
- King's Centre for Military Health Research, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, London, UK
- Centre for Mental Health Research, ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australia National University, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Harriet J Forbes
- King's Centre for Military Health Research, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, London, UK
| | - Simon C Wessely
- King's Centre for Military Health Research, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, London, UK
| | - Neil Greenberg
- Academic Centre for Defence Mental Health, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, London, UK
| | - Norman Jones
- Academic Centre for Defence Mental Health, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, London, UK
| | - Mohammed Fertout
- Academic Centre for Defence Mental Health, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, London, UK
| | | | - Nicola T Fear
- Academic Centre for Defence Mental Health, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, London, UK
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Thomas S, Romanchikova M, Harrison K, Parker M, Scaife J, Bates A, Burnet N. PO-0866: Automated recalculation of daily dose for calculation of delivered dose surface maps. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)40858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Romanchikova M, Thomas S, Bates A, Scaife J, Harrison K, Jena R, Burnet N. EP-1528: Should we extend the daily image guidance scans for toxicity studies? A VoxTox experience. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)41520-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Scaife J, Harrison K, Romanchikova M, Thomas S, Jena R, Burnet N. Accumulated Dose Volumes to the Rectum are Different from those Planned in Approximately 80% of Patients Treated with Helical Tomotherapy for Prostate Cancer. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sánchez-Calabuig MJ, López-Fernández C, Johnston SD, Blyde D, Cooper J, Harrison K, de la Fuente J, Gosálvez J. Effect of cryopreservation on the sperm DNA fragmentation dynamics of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:227-235. [PMID: 25604784 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sperm DNA fragmentation is one of the major causes of infertility; the sperm chromatin dispersion test (SCDt) evaluates this parameter and offers the advantage of species-specific validated protocol and ease of use under field conditions. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate sperm DNA fragmentation dynamics in both fresh and post-thaw bottlenose dolphin sperm using the SCDt following different cryopreservation protocols to gain new information about the post-thaw differential sperm DNA longevity in this species. Fresh and cryopreserved semen samples from five bottlenose dolphins were examined for sperm DNA fragmentation dynamics using the SCDt (Halomax(®)). Sperm DNA fragmentation was assessed immediately at collection and following cryopreservation (T0) and then after 0.5, 1, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 h incubation at 37°C. Serially collected ejaculates from four dolphins were frozen using different cryopreservation protocols in a TES-TRIS-fructose buffer (TTF), an egg-yolk-free vegetable lipid LP1 buffer (LP1) and human sperm preservation medium (HSPM). Fresh ejaculated spermatozoa initially showed low levels of DNA fragmentation for up to 48 h. Lower Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) was found in the second fresh ejaculate compared to the first when more than one sample was collected on the same day (p < 0.05); this difference was not apparent in any other seminal characteristic. While there was no difference observed in SDF between fresh and frozen-thawed sperm using the different cryopreservation protocols immediately after thawing (T0), frozen-thawed spermatozoa incubated at 37°C showed an increase in the rate of SDF after 24 h. Sperm frozen in the LP1(℗) buffer had higher levels (p < 0.05) of DNA fragmentation after 24- and 48-h incubation than those frozen in TTF or HSPM. No correlation was found between any seminal characteristic and DNA fragmentation in either fresh and/or frozen-thawed samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Sánchez-Calabuig
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - C López-Fernández
- Department of Genetics, Autonomous University of Madrid, Cantoblanco, Spain
| | - S D Johnston
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, Australia
| | - D Blyde
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, Australia.,Sea World, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
| | - J Cooper
- Just Genes Artificial Breeding Service, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - K Harrison
- Queensland Fertility Group, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - J de la Fuente
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Gosálvez
- Department of Genetics, Autonomous University of Madrid, Cantoblanco, Spain
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Scaife J, Harrison K, Romanchikova M, Parker A, Sutcliffe M, Bond S, Thomas S, Freeman S, Jena R, Bates A, Burnet N. Random variation in rectal position during radiotherapy for prostate cancer is two to three times greater than that predicted from prostate motion. Br J Radiol 2014; 87:20140343. [PMID: 25138155 PMCID: PMC4170867 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Radiotherapy for prostate cancer does not explicitly take into account daily variation in the position of the rectum. It is important to accurately assess accumulated dose (DA) to the rectum in order to understand the relationship between dose and toxicity. The primary objective of this work was to quantify systematic (Σ) and random (σ) variation in the position of the rectum during a course of prostate radiotherapy. Methods: The rectum was manually outlined on the kilo-voltage planning scan and 37 daily mega-voltage image guidance scans for 10 participants recruited to the VoxTox study. The femoral heads were used to produce a fixed point to which all rectal contours were referenced. Results: Σ [standard deviation (SD) of means] between planning and treatment was 4.2 mm in the anteroposterior (AP) direction and 1.3 mm left–right (LR). σ (root mean square of SDs) was 5.2 mm AP and 2.7 mm LR. Superior–inferior variation was less than one slice above and below the planning position. Conclusion: Our results for Σ are in line with published data for prostate motion. σ, however, was approximately twice as great as that seen for prostate motion. This suggests that DA may differ from planned dose in some patients treated with radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Advances in knowledge: This work is the first to use daily imaging to quantify Σ and σ of the rectum in prostate cancer. σ was found to be greater than published data, providing strong rationale for further investigation of individual DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Scaife
- 1 Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Sánchez-Calabuig MJ, López-Fernández C, Martínez-Nevado E, Pérez-Gutiérrez JF, de la Fuente J, Johnston SD, Blyde D, Harrison K, Gosálvez J. Validation of a Field Based Chromatin Dispersion Assay to Assess Sperm DNA Fragmentation in the Bottlenose Dolphin(Tursiops truncatus). Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:761-8. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M-J Sánchez-Calabuig
- Department of Animal Reproduction; Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA); Madrid Spain
| | - C López-Fernández
- Department of Genetics; Autonomous University of Madrid; Cantoblanco Spain
| | | | - JF Pérez-Gutiérrez
- School of Veterinary Medicine; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - J de la Fuente
- Department of Animal Reproduction; Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA); Madrid Spain
| | - SD Johnston
- School of Agriculture and Food Science; University of Queensland; Gatton Qld Australia
| | - D Blyde
- School of Agriculture and Food Science; University of Queensland; Gatton Qld Australia
- Seaworld; Gold Coast Qld Australia
| | - K Harrison
- Queensland Fertility Group; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - J Gosálvez
- Department of Genetics; Autonomous University of Madrid; Cantoblanco Spain
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Cox A, Pratt G, Byrne E, Baird L, Harrison K, Wilson D, Sharma S. 101 A 16 Year Review of Deaths Due to Cardiovascular Disease in the United Kingdom Armed Forces. Heart 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-306118.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Cox A, Backholer B, Byrne E, Pratt G, Harrison K, Wilson D, Sharma S. 102 A 17 Year Review Of Discharges On Medical Grounds Due To Cardiovascular Disease In The United Kingdom Armed Forces. Heart 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-306118.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Bock M, Nguyen K, Malerba S, Harrison K, Bagiella E, Gelb B, Pinney S, Lytrivi I. Pediatric Cardiac Re-transplantation: Waitlist Mortality Stratified by Age and Era. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Scaife J, Harrison K, Romanchikova M, Sutcliffe M, Thomas S, Jena R, Burnet N. 176: Daily variation in rectal size and position during prostate radiotherapy measured from helical tomotherapy CT scans. Radiother Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)34197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Muthukumaran K, Leahy S, Harrison K, Sikorska M, Sandhu JK, Cohen J, Keshan C, Lopatin D, Miller H, Borowy-Borowski H, Lanthier P, Weinstock S, Pandey S. Orally delivered water soluble Coenzyme Q10 (Ubisol-Q10) blocks on-going neurodegeneration in rats exposed to paraquat: potential for therapeutic application in Parkinson's disease. BMC Neurosci 2014; 15:21. [PMID: 24483602 PMCID: PMC3917573 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-15-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraquat, still used as an herbicide in some parts of the world, is now regarded as a dangerous environmental neurotoxin and is linked to the development Parkinson's disease (PD). Paraquat interacts with cellular redox systems and causes mitochondrial dysfunction and the formation of reactive oxygen species, which in turn, plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of PD. Various antioxidant therapies have been explored with the expectations that they deliver health benefits to the PD patients, however, no such therapies were effective. Here we have tested the neuroprotective efficacy of a novel water-soluble CoQ10 (Ubisol-Q10), in a rat model of paraquat-induced neurodegeneration in order to evaluate its potential application in the management of PD. RESULTS We have developed a rat model of progressive nigrostriatal degeneration by giving rats five intraperitoneal injections of paraquat (10 mg/kg/injection), once every five days. Neuronal death occurred over a period of 8 weeks with close to 50% reduction in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells. Ubisol-Q10, at 6 mg CoQ10/kg body weight/day, was delivered as a supplement in drinking water. The intervention begun after the completion of paraquat injections when the neurodegenerative process had already began and about 20% of TH-positive neurons were lost. Ubisol-Q10 treatment halted the progression of neurodegeneration and remaining neurons were protected. The outcomes were evaluated based on the number of surviving tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the substantia nigra region and improved motor skills in response to the Ubisol-Q10 intervention. To maintain this neuroprotection, however, continuous Ubisol- Q10 supplementation was required, if withdrawn, the neuronal death pathway resumed, suggesting that the presence of CoQ10 was essential for blocking the pathway. CONCLUSION The CoQ10, given orally as Ubisol-Q10 in drinking solution, was effective in blocking the progression of neurodegeneration when administered therapeutically (post-toxin injection), at a much lower concentration than other previously tested oil soluble formulations and well within the acceptable daily intake of 12 mg/kg/day. Such unprecedented neuroprotection has never been reported before. These results are very encouraging and suggest that Ubisol-Q10 should be further tested and developed as a therapy for halting the progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Siyaram Pandey
- Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON, Canada.
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