1
|
Sangprasat K, Bulaon CJI, Rattanapisit K, Srisangsung T, Jirarojwattana P, Wongwatanasin A, Phoolcharoen W. Production of monoclonal antibodies against botulinum neurotoxin in Nicotiana benthamiana. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2329446. [PMID: 38525945 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2329446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Botulism is a fatal neurologic disease caused by the botulinum toxin (BoNT) produced by Clostridium botulinum. It is a rare but highly toxic disease with symptoms, such as cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dysphagia, respiratory failure, muscle weakness, and even death. Currently, two types of antitoxin are used: equine-derived heptavalent antitoxin and human-derived immunoglobulin (BabyBIG®). However, heptavalent treatment may result in hypersensitivity, whereas BabyBIG®, has a low yield. The present study focused on the development of three anti-BoNT monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 1B18, C25, and M2, in Nicotiana benthamiana. The plant-expressed mAbs were purified and examined for size, purity and integrity by SDS-PAGE, western blotting and size-exclusion chromatography. Analysis showed that plant-produced anti-BoNT mAbs can fully assemble in plants, can be purified in a single purification step, and mostly remain as monomeric proteins. The efficiency of anti-BoNT mAbs binding to BoNT/A and B was then tested. Plant-produced 1B18 retained its ability to recognize both mBoNT/A1 and ciBoNT/B1. At the same time, the binding specificities of two other mAbs were determined: C25 for mBoNT/A1 and M2 for ciBoNT/B1. In conclusion, our results confirm the use of plants as an alternative platform for the production of anti-BoNT mAbs. This plant-based technology will serve as a versatile system for the development botulism immunotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kornchanok Sangprasat
- Center of Excellence in Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Graduate Program of Program in Research for Enterprise, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Kaewta Rattanapisit
- Department of Research and Development, Baiya Phytopharm Co. Ltd, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Theerakarn Srisangsung
- Center of Excellence in Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Graduate Program of Program in Research for Enterprise, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Perawat Jirarojwattana
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Waranyoo Phoolcharoen
- Center of Excellence in Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Falcone N, Leo F, Chisari C, Dalise S. Long-Term Management of Post-Stroke Spasticity with Botulinum Toxin: A Retrospective Study. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:383. [PMID: 39330841 PMCID: PMC11436082 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16090383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke-induced spasticity is a prevalent condition affecting stroke survivors, significantly impacting their quality of life. Botulinum Toxin A injections are widely used for its management, yet the long-term effects and optimal management strategies remain uncertain. This retrospective study analyzed medical records of 95 chronic stroke patients undergoing long-term BoNT-A treatment for spasticity. Demographic data, treatment duration, dosage variability, and dropout rates were assessed over a period ranging from 2 to 14 years. The study revealed a notable extension of the interval between BoNT-A injections throughout the treatment duration. Dropout rates peaked during the initial 5 years of treatment, perhaps due to perceived treatment ineffectiveness. Additionally, a trend of escalating dosage was observed across all groups, indicating a potential rise in the severity of spasticity or changes in treatment response over time. BoNT-A injections emerged as the predominant treatment choice for managing post-stroke spasticity. The delayed initiation of BoNT-A treatment underscores the need for heightened awareness among healthcare providers to recognize and manage spasticity promptly post-stroke. Patients' expectations and treatment goals should be clearly defined to optimize treatment adherence, while the observed escalation in dosage and treatment intervals emphasizes the dynamic nature of spasticity and underscores the importance of monitoring long-term treatment outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Falcone
- Department of Traslational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neurorehabilitation, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Leo
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University Hospital of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Carmelo Chisari
- Department of Traslational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neurorehabilitation, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Stefania Dalise
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University Hospital of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Miceli G, Cassataro G, Volpe V, Fertitta E, Canale C, Tomaiuolo L, Blasco M, Stella M, Rizzo G, Velardo M, Gregoretti C, Renda M. Postprandial hypotension as a predictor of respiratory failure in patients with foodborne botulinum intoxication - a case-control study in outbreak investigation. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 136:111-114. [PMID: 37741312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Botulism is a rare syndrome characterized by acute, flaccid paralysis with possible involvement of respiratory muscle-producing pump failure requiring mechanical ventilation. A predominance of autonomic involvement can occur. METHODS We enrolled patients affected by foodborne botulism during an outbreak. All patients underwent the detection of the toxin in stool specimens, and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). A blinded expert operator analyzed ABPM data for the diagnosis of hypertension and postprandial hypotension (PPH). RESULTS Twenty male patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thirty-four healthy subjects matched for sex and age were enrolled as a control group. PPH was significantly more frequent in the botulin group than in healthy subjects (40% vs 2.9%, P <0.0001). At the logistic regression, the probability that patients affected by botulinum could require ventilation was increased by 733% (adjusted odds ratio: 8.33) when PPH is encountered. CONCLUSIONS The likelihood of resorting to ventilation in subjects with botulinum intoxication was seven times greater in patients presenting PPH. These results could allow the prompt identification of patients at high risk for requiring ventilation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Miceli
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE) Università degli Studi di Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giuliano Cassataro
- U.O.C. of Medicine and Pneumology, Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio, Contrada Pollastra, 90015, Cefalù, Italy
| | - Vito Volpe
- U.O.C. of Medicine and Pneumology, Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio, Contrada Pollastra, 90015, Cefalù, Italy
| | - Emanuela Fertitta
- U.O.C. of Medicine and Pneumology, Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio, Contrada Pollastra, 90015, Cefalù, Italy
| | - Carmelinda Canale
- U.O.C. of Medicine and Pneumology, Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio, Contrada Pollastra, 90015, Cefalù, Italy
| | - Lucia Tomaiuolo
- U.O.C. of Medicine and Pneumology, Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio, Contrada Pollastra, 90015, Cefalù, Italy
| | - Melania Blasco
- U.O.C. of Medicine and Pneumology, Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio, Contrada Pollastra, 90015, Cefalù, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Stella
- U.O.C. of Medicine and Pneumology, Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio, Contrada Pollastra, 90015, Cefalù, Italy
| | - Giuliana Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE) Università degli Studi di Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Matteo Velardo
- European School of Obstetric Anesthesia, EESOA Simulation Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Cesare Gregoretti
- Post-Operative Intensive Care, Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio, Contrada Pollastra, 90015, Cefalù, Italy
| | - Maurizio Renda
- U.O.C. of Medicine and Pneumology, Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio, Contrada Pollastra, 90015, Cefalù, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moon B, Park KY, Mun HG, Kim YS, Kim YJ. The significance of split-face studies and electromyography in forehead rejuvenation. Arch Craniofac Surg 2023; 24:218-222. [PMID: 37919908 PMCID: PMC10622953 DOI: 10.7181/acfs.2023.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxic substance with a wide range of uses, from the treatment of musculoskeletal spasms to antiaging regimens by improving wrinkles. Split-face studies in which drugs are injected in the right and left sides of the faces have been actively conducted in botulinum toxin studies. In this study, we aimed to investigate the reliability of a split-face study for determining the effectiveness of botulinum toxin based on eyebrow height and movement, and electromyography results. METHODS Thirty-one women aged 35 to 55 years were included in the study. Eyebrow height was measured as the distance from the eyebrows to the upper eyelid margin on the primary gaze, and eyebrow movement was measured as the distance when the forehead was wrinkled for 5 seconds. A noninvasive method was used for electromyography of the frontalis muscles. RESULTS No statistically significant differences in right and left eyebrow heights and movements, and electromyography findings (p= 0.256, p= 1.000, and p= 0.978, respectively) were found. Pearson correlation analysis showed that electromyography muscle activity is positively associated with eyebrow movement, respectively (p< 0.001). CONCLUSION We advocate the reliability of split-face study and the usefulness of electromyography of frontalis muscle in forehead rejuvenation research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bomin Moon
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ki Young Park
- Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hye Gwang Mun
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yun Sang Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lawson O, Sisti A, Konofaos P. The Use of Botulinum Toxin in Raynaud Phenomenon: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Ann Plast Surg 2023; 91:159-186. [PMID: 37450876 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000003603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Raynaud phenomenon (RP) is a vasospastic condition of the digits that can be primary or secondary to systemic disease. Symptoms are triggered by cold or stress and can cause pain and skin color changes. The chronic ischemia may lead to necrosis, ulceration, and amputation. There are no Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments and cases refractory to pharmacologic and surgical treatments are difficult to control. Local botulinum toxin injections have been increasingly used in the treatment of Raynaud disease and have shown promising results. AIM OF THE STUDY To examine the outcomes, techniques, and complications of botulinum toxin use for the treatment of Raynaud disease. METHODS The PubMed database was queried using "botulinum toxin" AND "Raynaud phenomenon" as title key words. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis criteria were used. Additional articles were selected while reviewing the references of the articles from PubMed. No time restrictions were followed. Articles of all languages were included. Articles were analyzed for study type, demographics, diagnosis/inclusion criteria, treatment methods, outcome measures, length of follow-up, results, and complications. A positive outcome was defined as subjective improvement in symptoms and/or improvement in the outcome measures. A poor outcome was defined as harm done to the patient by the injection that would not have occurred otherwise. RESULTS Forty-two clinical studies describing the use of botulinum toxin for Raynaud's phenomenon were found. A total of 425 patients with primary or secondary Raynaud's were treated, with ages ranging from 14 to 91 years. There were 342 women and 81 men, with a female-to-male ratio of 38:9. Outcomes were positive in 96.2% of patients. There were 14.2% of the studies that reported 3.5% of all patients showing no subjective improvement. A single study reported a poor outcome for 1 patient. There were 40.5% of the studies that reported complications, affecting 20.2% of all patients. The most frequently reported complication was transient hand weakness, affecting 44.2% of patients with complications and 8.9% of total patients. Weakness resolved in hours to months after injection. Pain at the injection site lasting minutes to days was reported in 40.7% of patients with complications, and 8.2% of total patients. CONCLUSIONS Botulinum toxin treatment for RP is effective. Complications are minor and self-limiting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Lawson
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, TN
| | - Andrea Sisti
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Galveston, TX
| | - Petros Konofaos
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
A Comprehensive Structural Analysis of Clostridium botulinum Neurotoxin A Cell-Binding Domain from Different Subtypes. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15020092. [PMID: 36828407 PMCID: PMC9966434 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) cause flaccid neuromuscular paralysis by cleaving one of the SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) complex proteins. BoNTs display high affinity and specificity for neuromuscular junctions, making them one of the most potent neurotoxins known to date. There are seven serologically distinct BoNTs (serotypes BoNT/A to BoNT/G) which can be further divided into subtypes (e.g., BoNT/A1, BoNT/A2…) based on small changes in their amino acid sequence. Of these, BoNT/A1 and BoNT/B1 have been utilised to treat various diseases associated with spasticity and hypersecretion. There are potentially many more BoNT variants with differing toxicological profiles that may display other therapeutic benefits. This review is focused on the structural analysis of the cell-binding domain from BoNT/A1 to BoNT/A6 subtypes (HC/A1 to HC/A6), including features such as a ganglioside binding site (GBS), a dynamic loop, a synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) binding site, a possible Lys-Cys/Cys-Cys bridge, and a hinge motion between the HCN and HCC subdomains. Characterising structural features across subtypes provides a better understanding of how the cell-binding domain functions and may aid the development of novel therapeutics.
Collapse
|
7
|
Carbohydrates: Binding Sites and Potential Drug Targets for Neural-Affecting Pathogens. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 29:449-477. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12390-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
8
|
Bangash MY, Pedram MS, Mehrabi V, Dehghan MM, Mansoori K, Soroori S, Banifazl S, Dadgar F, Mokhber Dezfouli MR. Introducing a noninvasive, non-surgical, and reversible animal model for fecal incontinence using abobotulinumtoxinA in dogs. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2022; 13:215-221. [PMID: 35919851 PMCID: PMC9340278 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2021.134713.3019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to introduce a new animal model of fecal incontinence (FI) by injecting abobotulinumtoxinA in the external anal sphincter (EAS) muscle of dogs which replaces models based on anal sphincter destructions that are invasive, mostly require surgical procedures, expensive, permanent, and painful to the animals. 4 healthy mongrel dogs were used in this study. First, they were received NaCl 0.09% (as control) injections in EAS muscle and effects were assessed by means of Electromyography (EMG) and clinically evaluated by sphincter pinch test and presence of leakage of feces for 2 weeks. Then, they received abobotulinumtoxinA in EAS muscle and reevaluated for 6 weeks to see short-term and medium-term effects of abobotulinumtoxinA injection. Saline had no significant changes in results obtained from EMG, however, there were significant decreases in amplitudes of action potentials after receiving abobotulinumtoxinA in comparison with no injection or saline injection in EAS muscle. Pinch tests were normal after saline injection assessment period, however, then started to be negative, ranging from two days after abobotulinumtoxinA injection to seven days after receiving abobotulinumtoxinA. Animals also had significant presentations of fecal incontinence (leakage of feces and cage contamination with feces) from the 1st week after receiving abobotulinumtoxinA until the 6th week after receiving abobotulinumtoxinA. AbobotulinumtoxinA caused paralysis in the EAS and producd FI conditions in dogs. This animal model was an appropriate substitute to the various invasive, expensive and also complicated procedures with an easy, feasible, noninvasive and non-painful single-stage abobotulinumtoxinA injection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yasan Bangash
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Mir Sepehr Pedram
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; ,Correspondence Mir Sepher Pedram. DVM, DVSc, Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Valiollah Mehrabi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Dehghan
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Korosh Mansoori
- Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Sarang Soroori
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Sanaz Banifazl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Forough Dadgar
- Department of Medicine, International University of the Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada;
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gregory KS, Mahadeva TB, Liu SM, Acharya KR. Structural Features of Clostridium botulinum Neurotoxin Subtype A2 Cell Binding Domain. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14050356. [PMID: 35622602 PMCID: PMC9146395 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14050356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) are a group of clostridial toxins that cause the potentially fatal neuroparalytic disease botulism. Although highly toxic, BoNTs are utilized as therapeutics to treat a range of neuromuscular conditions. Several serotypes (BoNT/A-/G, /X) have been identified with vastly differing toxicological profiles. Each serotype can be further sub-categorised into subtypes due to subtle variations in their protein sequence. These minor changes have been attributed to differences in both the duration of action and potency for BoNT/A subtypes. BoNTs are composed of three domains—a cell-binding domain, a translocation domain, and a catalytic domain. In this paper, we present the crystal structures of the botulinum neurotoxin A2 cell binding domain, both alone and in complex with its receptor ganglioside GD1a at 1.63 and 2.10 Å, respectively. The analysis of these structures reveals a potential redox-dependent Lys-O-Cys bridge close to the ganglioside binding site and a hinge motion between the HCN and HCC subdomains. Furthermore, we make a detailed comparison with the previously reported HC/A2:SV2C structure for a comprehensive structural analysis of HC/A2 receptor binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle S. Gregory
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; (K.S.G.); (T.B.M.)
| | - Tejaswini B. Mahadeva
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; (K.S.G.); (T.B.M.)
| | - Sai Man Liu
- Protein Sciences Department, Ipsen Bioinnovation Limited, 102 Park Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RY, UK;
| | - K. Ravi Acharya
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; (K.S.G.); (T.B.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)1225-386238
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The Isolated Mouse Jejunal Afferent Nerve Assay as a Tool to Assess the Effect of Botulinum Neurotoxins in Visceral Nociception. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14030205. [PMID: 35324702 PMCID: PMC8953691 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14030205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
For the past two decades, botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) has been described as a strong candidate in the treatment of pain. With the production of modified toxins and the potential new applications at the visceral level, there is a real need for tools allowing the assessment of these compounds. In this study, we evaluated the jejunal mesenteric afferent nerve assay to investigate BoNT/A effects on visceral nociception. This ex vivo model allowed the continuous recording of neuronal activity in response to various stimuli. BoNT/A was applied intraluminally during three successive distensions, and the jejunum was distended every 15 min for 3 h. Finally, samples were exposed to external capsaicin. BoNT/A intoxication was validated at the molecular level with the presence of cleaved synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 (SNAP25) in nerve terminals in the mucosa and musculosa layers 3 h after treatment. BoNT/A had a progressive inhibitory effect on multiunit discharge frequency induced by jejunal distension, with a significant decrease from 1 h after application without change in jejunal compliance. The capsaicin-induced discharge was also affected by the toxin. This assay allowed the description of an inhibitory effect of BoNT/A on afferent nerve activity in response to distension and capsaicin, suggesting BoNT/A could alleviate visceral nociception.
Collapse
|
11
|
AB 5 Enterotoxin-Mediated Pathogenesis: Perspectives Gleaned from Shiga Toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14010062. [PMID: 35051039 PMCID: PMC8779504 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne diseases affect an estimated 600 million people worldwide annually, with the majority of these illnesses caused by Norovirus, Vibrio, Listeria, Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli. To elicit infections in humans, bacterial pathogens express a combination of virulence factors and toxins. AB5 toxins are an example of such toxins that can cause various clinical manifestations, including dehydration, diarrhea, kidney damage, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Treatment of most bacterial foodborne illnesses consists of fluid replacement and antibiotics. However, antibiotics are not recommended for infections caused by Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) because of the increased risk of HUS development, although there are conflicting views and results in this regard. Lack of effective treatment strategies for STEC infections pose a public health threat during outbreaks; therefore, the debate on antibiotic use for STEC infections could be further explored, along with investigations into antibiotic alternatives. The overall goal of this review is to provide a succinct summary on the mechanisms of action and the pathogenesis of AB5 and related toxins, as expressed by bacterial foodborne pathogens, with a primary focus on Shiga toxins (Stx). The role of Stx in human STEC disease, detection methodologies, and available treatment options are also briefly discussed.
Collapse
|
12
|
de Lamotte JD, Polentes J, Roussange F, Lesueur L, Feurgard P, Perrier A, Nicoleau C, Martinat C. Optogenetically controlled human functional motor endplate for testing botulinum neurotoxins. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:599. [PMID: 34865655 PMCID: PMC8647380 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The lack of physiologically relevant and predictive cell-based assays is one of the major obstacles for testing and developing botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) therapeutics. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)-derivatives now offer the opportunity to improve the relevance of cellular models and thus the translational value of preclinical data. Methods We investigated the potential of hiPSC-derived motor neurons (hMNs) optical stimulation combined with calcium imaging in cocultured muscle cells activity to investigate BoNT-sensitivity of an in vitro model of human muscle-nerve system. Results Functional muscle-nerve coculture system was developed using hMNs and human immortalized skeletal muscle cells. Our results demonstrated that hMNs can innervate myotubes and induce contractions and calcium transient in muscle cells, generating an in vitro human motor endplate showing dose-dependent sensitivity to BoNTs intoxication. The implementation of optogenetics combined with live calcium imaging allows to monitor the impact of BoNTs intoxication on synaptic transmission in human motor endplate model. Conclusions Altogether, our findings demonstrate the promise of optogenetically hiPSC-derived controlled muscle-nerve system for pharmaceutical BoNTs testing and development. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02665-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Duchesne de Lamotte
- IPSEN Innovation, 5 avenue du Canada, 91940, Les Ulis, France.,Université Evry-Paris Saclay/INSERM UMR861, Institut Des Cellules Souches Pour Le Traitement Et L'étude Des Maladies Monogéniques (I-Stem), 2 rue Henri Auguste Desbruères, 91100, Corbeil-Essonne, France
| | - Jérôme Polentes
- Université Evry-Paris Saclay/INSERM UMR861, Institut Des Cellules Souches Pour Le Traitement Et L'étude Des Maladies Monogéniques (I-Stem), 2 rue Henri Auguste Desbruères, 91100, Corbeil-Essonne, France
| | - Florine Roussange
- Université Evry-Paris Saclay/INSERM UMR861, Institut Des Cellules Souches Pour Le Traitement Et L'étude Des Maladies Monogéniques (I-Stem), 2 rue Henri Auguste Desbruères, 91100, Corbeil-Essonne, France
| | - Léa Lesueur
- Université Evry-Paris Saclay/INSERM UMR861, Institut Des Cellules Souches Pour Le Traitement Et L'étude Des Maladies Monogéniques (I-Stem), 2 rue Henri Auguste Desbruères, 91100, Corbeil-Essonne, France
| | - Pauline Feurgard
- Université Evry-Paris Saclay/INSERM UMR861, Institut Des Cellules Souches Pour Le Traitement Et L'étude Des Maladies Monogéniques (I-Stem), 2 rue Henri Auguste Desbruères, 91100, Corbeil-Essonne, France
| | - Anselme Perrier
- Université Evry-Paris Saclay/INSERM UMR861, Institut Des Cellules Souches Pour Le Traitement Et L'étude Des Maladies Monogéniques (I-Stem), 2 rue Henri Auguste Desbruères, 91100, Corbeil-Essonne, France.,Laboratoire Des Maladies Neurodégénératives: Mécanismes, thérapies, imagerie, Université Paris Saclay/CEA/CNRS UMR9199, MIRCen, Bâtiment 61, CEA-Fontenay-Aux-Roses, 18 route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Cécile Martinat
- Université Evry-Paris Saclay/INSERM UMR861, Institut Des Cellules Souches Pour Le Traitement Et L'étude Des Maladies Monogéniques (I-Stem), 2 rue Henri Auguste Desbruères, 91100, Corbeil-Essonne, France.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Duchesne de Lamotte J, Perrier A, Martinat C, Nicoleau C. Emerging Opportunities in Human Pluripotent Stem-Cells Based Assays to Explore the Diversity of Botulinum Neurotoxins as Future Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7524. [PMID: 34299143 PMCID: PMC8308099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are produced by Clostridium botulinum and are responsible for botulism, a fatal disorder of the nervous system mostly induced by food poisoning. Despite being one of the most potent families of poisonous substances, BoNTs are used for both aesthetic and therapeutic indications from cosmetic reduction of wrinkles to treatment of movement disorders. The increasing understanding of the biology of BoNTs and the availability of distinct toxin serotypes and subtypes offer the prospect of expanding the range of indications for these toxins. Engineering of BoNTs is considered to provide a new avenue for improving safety and clinical benefit from these neurotoxins. Robust, high-throughput, and cost-effective assays for BoNTs activity, yet highly relevant to the human physiology, have become indispensable for a successful translation of engineered BoNTs to the clinic. This review presents an emerging family of cell-based assays that take advantage of newly developed human pluripotent stem cells and neuronal function analyses technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Duchesne de Lamotte
- IPSEN Innovation, 91940 Les Ulis, France;
- I-STEM, INSERM UMR861, Université Evry-Paris Saclay, 91100 Corbeil-Essonne, France
| | - Anselme Perrier
- I-STEM, INSERM UMR861, Université Evry-Paris Saclay, 91100 Corbeil-Essonne, France
- Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives: Mécanismes, Thérapies, Imagerie, CEA/CNRS UMR9199, Université Paris Saclay, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Cécile Martinat
- I-STEM, INSERM UMR861, Université Evry-Paris Saclay, 91100 Corbeil-Essonne, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Efficacy and Optimal Dose of Botulinum Toxin A in Post-Stroke Lower Extremity Spasticity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13060428. [PMID: 34207357 PMCID: PMC8234518 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13060428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-stroke spasticity impedes patients’ rehabilitation progress. Contradictory evidence has been reported in using Botulinum Neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) to manage post-stroke lower extremity spasticity (PLES); furthermore, an optimum dose of BoNT-A for PLES has not yet been established. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to identify the efficacy and optimal dose of BoNT-A on PLES. "Meta" and "Metafor" packages in R were used to analyze the data. Hedges’ g statistic and random effect model were used to calculate and pool effect sizes. Twelve RCTs met the eligibility criteria. Muscle tone significantly improved in week four, week eight, and maintained to week twelve after BoNT-A injection. Improvements in functional outcomes were found, some inconsistencies among included studies were noticed. Dosage analysis from eight studies using Botox® and three studies using Dysport® indicated that the optimum dose for the commonest pattern of PLES (spastic plantar flexors) is medium-dose (approximately 300U Botox® or 1000 U Dysport®). BoNT-A should be regarded as part of a rehabilitation program for PLES. Furthermore, an optimal rehabilitation program combined with BoNT-A management needs to be established. Further studies should also focus on functional improvement by BoNT-A management in the early stage of stroke.
Collapse
|
15
|
Antonucci L, Locci C, Schettini L, Clemente MG, Antonucci R. Infant botulism: an underestimated threat. Infect Dis (Lond) 2021; 53:647-660. [PMID: 33966588 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2021.1919753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infant botulism (IB) is defined as a potentially life-threatening neuroparalytic disorder affecting children younger than 12 months. It is caused by ingestion of food or dust contaminated by Clostridium botulinum spores, which germinate in the infant's large bowel and produce botulinum neurotoxin. Although the real impact of IB is likely underestimated worldwide, the USA has the highest number of cases. The limited reporting of IB in many countries is probably due to diagnostic difficulties and nonspecific presentation. The onset is usually heralded by constipation, followed by bulbar palsy, and then by a descending bilateral symmetric paralysis; ultimately, palsy can involve respiratory and diaphragmatic muscles, leading to respiratory failure. The treatment is based on supportive care and specific therapy with Human Botulism Immune Globulin Intravenous (BIG-IV), and should be started as early as possible. The search for new human-like antibody preparations that are both highly effective and well tolerated has led to the creation of a mixture of oligoclonal antibodies that are highly protective and can be produced in large quantities without the use of animals. Ongoing research for future treatment of IB involves the search for new molecular targets to produce a new generation of laboratory-produced antitoxins, and the development of new vaccines with safety and efficacy profiles that can be scaled up for clinical use. This narrative literature review aims to provide a readable synthesis of the best current literature on microbiological, epidemiological and clinical features of IB, and a practical guide for its treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonucci
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Locci
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Livia Schettini
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Clemente
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberto Antonucci
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
González C, Franco M, Londoño A, Valenzuela F. Breaking paradigms in the treatment of psoriasis: Use of botulinum toxin for the treatment of plaque psoriasis. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e14319. [DOI: 10.1111/dth.14319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cesar González
- Dermatology Departament El Bosque University Bogotá Colombia
| | - Manuel Franco
- Dermatology Departament El Bosque University Bogotá Colombia
| | - Angela Londoño
- Dermatology Departament CES University Medellin Colombia
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang W, Li G. The Safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type A injection for postoperative scar prevention: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 19:799-808. [PMID: 31513335 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Peking University People ‘s Hospital Beijing China
| | - Guangxue Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Peking University People ‘s Hospital Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Emanuel A, Qiu H, Barker D, Takla T, Gillum K, Neimuth N, Kodihalli S. Efficacy of equine botulism antitoxin in botulism poisoning in a guinea pig model. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209019. [PMID: 30633746 PMCID: PMC6329499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Botulism is a disease caused by neurogenic toxins that block acetylcholine release, resulting in potentially life threatening neuroparalysis. Seven distinct serotypes of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) have been described and are found in nature world-wide. This, combined with ease of production, make BoNTs a significant bioweapon threat. An essential countermeasure to this threat is an antitoxin to remove circulating toxin. An antitoxin, tradename BAT (Botulism Antitoxin Heptavalent (A, B, C, D, E, F, G)–(Equine)), has been developed and its efficacy evaluated against all seven serotypes in guinea pigs. Methods and findings Studies were conducted to establish the lethal dose and clinical course of intoxication for all seven toxins, and post-exposure prophylactic efficacy of BAT product. Animals were monitored for signs of intoxication and mortality for 14 days. Guinea pig intramuscular LD50s (GPIMLD50) for all BoNTs ranged from 2.0 (serotype C) to 73.2 (serotype E) of mouse intraperitoneal LD50 units. A dose of 4x GPIMLD50 was identified as the appropriate toxin dose for use in subsequent efficacy and post-exposure prophylaxis studies. The main clinical signs observed included hind limb paralysis, weak limb, change in breathing rate/pattern, and forced abdominal respiration. Mean time to onset of clinical signs ranged from 12 hours (serotype E) to 39 hours (serotype G). Twelve hours post-intoxication was selected as the appropriate time point for intervention for all serotypes apart from E where 6 hours was selected because of the rapid onset and progression of clinical signs. Post-exposure treatment with BAT product resulted in a significantly (p<0.0001) higher survival at >0.008 scaled human dose for serotypes A, B, C, F and G, at >0.2x for serotype D and >0.04x for serotype E. Conclusions These studies confirm the efficacy of BAT as a post-exposure prophylactic therapy against all seven known BoNT serotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Emanuel
- Research and Development, Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- Research and Development, Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Douglas Barker
- Research and Development, Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Teresa Takla
- Research and Development, Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Karen Gillum
- Battelle Biomedical Research Center, West Jefferson, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nancy Neimuth
- Battelle Biomedical Research Center, West Jefferson, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Shantha Kodihalli
- Research and Development, Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Frederiksen SD, Warfvinge K, Ohlsson L, Edvinsson L. Expression of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-activating Peptide, Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide and Headache Targets in the Trigeminal Ganglia of Rats and Humans. Neuroscience 2018; 393:319-332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
20
|
Jang SH, Park SJ, Lee CJ, Ahn DK, Han SK. Botulinum toxin type A enhances the inhibitory spontaneous postsynaptic currents on the substantia gelatinosa neurons of the subnucleus caudalis in immature mice. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 22:539-546. [PMID: 30181700 PMCID: PMC6115353 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.5.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) has been used therapeutically for various conditions including dystonia, cerebral palsy, wrinkle, hyperhidrosis and pain control. The substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) receive orofacial nociceptive information from primary afferents and transmit the information to higher brain center. Although many studies have shown the analgesic effects of BoNT/A, the effects of BoNT/A at the central nervous system and the action mechanism are not well understood. Therefore, the effects of BoNT/A on the spontaneous postsynaptic currents (sPSCs) in the SG neurons were investigated. In whole cell voltage clamp mode, the frequency of sPSCs was increased in 18 (37.5%) neurons, decreased in 5 (10.4%) neurons and not affected in 25 (52.1%) of 48 neurons tested by BoNT/A (3 nM). Similar proportions of frequency variation of sPSCs were observed in 1 and 10 nM BoNT/A and no significant differences were observed in the relative mean frequencies of sPSCs among 1-10 nM BoNT/A. BoNT/A-induced frequency increase of sPSCs was not affected by pretreated tetrodotoxin (0.5 µM). In addition, the frequency of sIPSCs in the presence of CNQX (10 µM) and AP5 (20 µM) was increased in 10 (53%) neurons, decreased in 1 (5%) neuron and not affected in 8 (42%) of 19 neurons tested by BoNT/A (3 nM). These results demonstrate that BoNT/A increases the frequency of sIPSCs on SG neurons of the Vc at least partly and can provide an evidence for rapid action of BoNT/A at the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Hui Jang
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry & Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Soo-Joung Park
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry & Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Chang-Jin Lee
- Research and Development Division, Hugel Inc., Chuncheon 24206, Korea
| | - Dong-Kuk Ahn
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - Seong-Kyu Han
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry & Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Grando SA, Zachary CB. The non-neuronal and nonmuscular effects of botulinum toxin: an opportunity for a deadly molecule to treat disease in the skin and beyond. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178:1011-1019. [PMID: 29086923 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) exhibit biological effects on various human cell types with a host of associated clinical implications. This review aims to provide an update on the non-neuronal and nonmuscular effects of botulinum toxin. We critically analysed recent reports on the structure and function of cellular signalling systems subserving biological effects of BoNTs. The BoNT receptors and intracellular targets are not unique for neurotransmission. They have been found in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells, but there are differences in how BoNT binds to, and acts on, neuronal vs. non-neuronal cells. The non-neuronal cells that express one or more BoNT/A-binding proteins, and/or cleavage target synaptosomal-associated protein 25, include: epidermal keratinocytes; mesenchymal stem cells from subcutaneous adipose; nasal mucosal cells; urothelial cells; intestinal, prostate and alveolar epithelial cells; breast cell lines; neutrophils; and macrophages. Serotype BoNT/A can also elicit specific biological effects in dermal fibroblasts, sebocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Nontraditional applications of BoNT have been reported for the treatment of the following dermatological conditions: hyperhidrosis, Hailey-Hailey disease, Darier disease, inversed psoriasis, aquagenic palmoplantar keratoderma, pachyonychia congenita, multiple eccrine hydrocystomas, eccrine angiomatous hamartoma, eccrine sweat gland naevi, congenital eccrine naevus, Raynaud phenomenon and cutaneous leiomyomas. Experimental studies have demonstrated the ability of BoNT/A to protect skin flaps, facilitate wound healing, decrease thickness of hypertrophic scars, produce an anti-ageing effect, improve a mouse model of psoriasiform dermatitis, and have also revealed extracutaneous effects of BoNT arising from its anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. BoNTs have a much wider range of applications than originally understood, and the individual cellular responses to the cholinergic impacts of BoNTs could provide fertile ground for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Grando
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, U.S.A
| | - C B Zachary
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Desplantes R, Lévêque C, Muller B, Lotierzo M, Ferracci G, Popoff M, Seagar M, Mamoun R, El Far O. Affinity biosensors using recombinant native membrane proteins displayed on exosomes: application to botulinum neurotoxin B receptor. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1032. [PMID: 28432329 PMCID: PMC5430821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of simple molecular assays with membrane protein receptors in a native conformation still represents a challenging task. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles which, due to their stability and small size, are suited for analysis in various assay formats. Here, we describe a novel approach to sort recombinant fully native and functional membrane proteins to exosomes using a targeting peptide. Specific binding of high affinity ligands to the potassium channel Kv1.2, the G-protein coupled receptor CXCR4, and the botulinum neurotoxin type B (BoNT/B) receptor, indicated their correct assembly and outside out orientation in exosomes. We then developed, using a label-free optical biosensor, a new method to determine the kinetic constants of BoNT/B holotoxin binding to its receptor synaptotagmin2/GT1b ganglioside (kon = 2.3 ×105 M−1.s−1, koff = 1.3 10−4 s−1), yielding an affinity constant (KD = 0.6 nM) similar to values determined from native tissue. In addition, the recombinant binding domain of BoNT/B, a potential vector for neuronal delivery, bound quasi-irreversibly to synaptotagmin 2/GT1b exosomes. Engineered exosomes provide thus a novel means to study membrane proteins for biotechnology and clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Desplantes
- INSERM, UMR_S 1072, 13015, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, 13015, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Lévêque
- INSERM, UMR_S 1072, 13015, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, 13015, Marseille, France
| | - Benjamin Muller
- Ciloa, cc90 - Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Manuela Lotierzo
- Ciloa, cc90 - Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Géraldine Ferracci
- Aix-Marseille Université, 13015, Marseille, France.,CNRS, UMR 7286, Plate-Forme de Recherche en Neurosciences PFRN, 13015, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Popoff
- CNR Anaérobies et botulisme, Unité Bactéries anaérobies et toxines. Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | - Michael Seagar
- INSERM, UMR_S 1072, 13015, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, 13015, Marseille, France
| | - Robert Mamoun
- Ciloa, cc90 - Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Oussama El Far
- INSERM, UMR_S 1072, 13015, Marseille, France. .,Aix-Marseille Université, 13015, Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Neurotoxins from Clostridium botulinum (serotype A) isolated from the soil of Mendoza (Argentina) differ from the A-Hall archetype and from that causing infant botulism. Toxicon 2016; 121:30-35. [PMID: 27527271 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The type A of neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum is the prevalent serotype in strains of Mendoza. The soil is the main reservoir for C.botulinum and is possibly one of the infection sources in infant botulism. In this study, we characterized and compared autochthonous C. botulinum strains and their neurotoxins. Bacterial samples were obtained from the soil and from fecal samples collected from children with infant botulism. We first observed differences in the appearance of the colonies between strains from each source and with the A Hall control strain. In addition, purified neurotoxins of both strains were found to be enriched in a band of 300 kDa, whereas the A-Hall strain was mainly made up of a band of ∼600 kDa. This finding is in line with the lack of hemagglutinating activity of the neurotoxins under study. Moreover, the proteolytic activity of C. botulinum neurotoxins was evaluated against SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptor) proteins from rat brain. It was observed that both, SNAP 25 (synaptosomal-associated protein 25) and VAMP 2 (vesicle-associated membrane protein) were cleaved by the neurotoxins isolated from the soil strains, whereas the neurotoxins from infant botulism strains only induced a partial cleavage of VAMP 2. On the other hand, the neurotoxin from the A-Hall strain was able to cleave both proteins, though at a lesser extent. Our data indicate that the C.botulinum strain isolated from the soil, and its BoNT, exhibit different properties compared to the strain obtained from infant botulism patients, and from the A-Hall archetype.
Collapse
|
24
|
Kim DW, Lee SK, Ahnn J. Botulinum Toxin as a Pain Killer: Players and Actions in Antinociception. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:2435-53. [PMID: 26134255 PMCID: PMC4516922 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7072435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) have been widely used to treat a variety of clinical ailments associated with pain. The inhibitory action of BoNTs on synaptic vesicle fusion blocks the releases of various pain-modulating neurotransmitters, including glutamate, substance P (SP), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), as well as the addition of pain-sensing transmembrane receptors such as transient receptor potential (TRP) to neuronal plasma membrane. In addition, growing evidence suggests that the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of BoNTs are mediated through various molecular pathways. Recent studies have revealed that the detailed structural bases of BoNTs interact with their cellular receptors and SNAREs. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms related to the efficacy of BoNTs in alleviating human pain and insights on engineering the toxins to extend therapeutic interventions related to nociception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wan Kim
- Department of Life Science, School of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
- BK21 PLUS Life Science for BioDefense Research (BDR) Team, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
| | - Sun-Kyung Lee
- Department of Life Science, School of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
- BK21 PLUS Life Science for BioDefense Research (BDR) Team, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
- The Research Institute for Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
| | - Joohong Ahnn
- Department of Life Science, School of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
- BK21 PLUS Life Science for BioDefense Research (BDR) Team, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
- The Research Institute for Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Genomic Epidemiology of Clostridium botulinum Isolates from Temporally Related Cases of Infant Botulism in New South Wales, Australia. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 53:2846-53. [PMID: 26109442 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00143-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Infant botulism is a potentially life-threatening paralytic disease that can be associated with prolonged morbidity if not rapidly diagnosed and treated. Four infants were diagnosed and treated for infant botulism in NSW, Australia, between May 2011 and August 2013. Despite the temporal relationship between the cases, there was no close geographical clustering or other epidemiological links. Clostridium botulinum isolates, three of which produced botulism neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) and one BoNT serotype B (BoNT/B), were characterized using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). In silico multilocus sequence typing (MLST) found that two of the BoNT/A-producing isolates shared an identical novel sequence type, ST84. The other two isolates were single-locus variants of this sequence type (ST85 and ST86). All BoNT/A-producing isolates contained the same chromosomally integrated BoNT/A2 neurotoxin gene cluster. The BoNT/B-producing isolate carried a single plasmid-borne bont/B gene cluster, encoding BoNT subtype B6. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based typing results corresponded well with MLST; however, the extra resolution provided by the whole-genome SNP comparisons showed that the isolates differed from each other by >3,500 SNPs. WGS analyses indicated that the four infant botulism cases were caused by genomically distinct strains of C. botulinum that were unlikely to have originated from a common environmental source. The isolates did, however, cluster together, compared with international isolates, suggesting that C. botulinum from environmental reservoirs throughout NSW have descended from a common ancestor. Analyses showed that the high resolution of WGS provided important phylogenetic information that would not be captured by standard seven-loci MLST.
Collapse
|
26
|
Rosow LK, Strober JB. Infant botulism: review and clinical update. Pediatr Neurol 2015; 52:487-92. [PMID: 25882077 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Botulism is a rare neuromuscular condition, and multiple clinical forms are recognized. Infant botulism was first identified in the 1970s, and it typically occurs in infants younger than 1 year of age who ingest Clostridium botulinum spores. A specific treatment for infant botulism, intravenous botulism immunoglobulin (BIG-IV or BabyBIG®), was developed in 2003, and this treatment has substantially decreased both morbidity and hospital costs associated with this illness. This article will review the pathogenesis of infant botulism as well as the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Rosow
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| | - Jonathan B Strober
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Roles of Carbohydrates in the Interaction of Pathogens with Neural Cells. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 9:395-413. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1154-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
28
|
Marrs TC, Maynard RL. Neurotranmission systems as targets for toxicants: a review. Cell Biol Toxicol 2013; 29:381-96. [PMID: 24036955 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-013-9259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit impulses from one nerve to another or from nerves to effector organs. Numerous neurotransmitters have been described in mammals, amongst them acetylcholine, amino acids, amines, peptides and gases. Toxicants may interact with various parts of neurotransmission systems, including synthetic and degradative enzymes, presynaptic vesicles and the specialized receptors that characterize neurotransmission systems. Important toxicants acting on the cholinergic system include the anticholinesterases (organophosphates and carbamates) and substances that act on receptors such as nicotine and the neonicotinoid insecticides, including imidacloprid. An important substance acting on the glutamatergic system is domoic acid, responsible for amnesic shellfish poisoning. 4-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine are inhibitory neurotransmitters and their antagonists, fipronil (an insecticide) and strychnine respectively, are excitatory. Abnormalities of dopamine neurotransmission occur in Parkinson's disease, and a number of substances that interfere with this system produce Parkinsonian symptoms and clinical signs, including notably 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, which is the precursor of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium. Fewer substances are known that interfere with adrenergic, histaminergic or seroninergic neurotransmission, but there are some examples. Among peptide neurotransmission systems, agonists of opioids are the only well-known toxic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Marrs
- Edentox Associates, Pinehurst, Four Elms Road Edenbridge, Kent, TN8 6AQ, UK,
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cerebral Palsy: Soup to Nuts. CURRENT PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40141-013-0014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|