1
|
Benning FMC, Jenni S, Garcia CY, Nguyen TH, Zhang X, Chao LH. Helical reconstruction of VP39 reveals principles for baculovirus nucleocapsid assembly. Nat Commun 2024; 15:250. [PMID: 38177118 PMCID: PMC10767040 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Baculoviruses are insect-infecting pathogens with wide applications as biological pesticides, in vitro protein production vehicles and gene therapy tools. Its cylindrical nucleocapsid, which encapsulates and protects the circular double-stranded viral DNA encoding proteins for viral replication and entry, is formed by the highly conserved major capsid protein VP39. The mechanism for VP39 assembly remains unknown. We use electron cryomicroscopy to determine a 3.2 Å helical reconstruction of an infectious nucleocapsid of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus, revealing how dimers of VP39 assemble into a 14-stranded helical tube. We show that VP39 comprises a distinct protein fold conserved across baculoviruses, which includes a Zinc finger domain and a stabilizing intra-dimer sling. Analysis of sample polymorphism shows that VP39 assembles in several closely-related helical geometries. This VP39 reconstruction reveals general principles for baculoviral nucleocapsid assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike M C Benning
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Simon Jenni
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Coby Y Garcia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard College, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Tran H Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Xuewu Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Luke H Chao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lorenzi A, Arvin MJ, Burke GR, Strand MR. Functional characterization of Microplitis demolitor bracovirus genes that encode nucleocapsid components. J Virol 2023; 97:e0081723. [PMID: 37877717 PMCID: PMC10688341 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00817-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Understanding how bracoviruses (BVs) function in wasps is of broad interest in the study of virus evolution. This study characterizes most of the Microplitis demolitor bracovirus (MdBV) genes whose products are nucleocapsid components. Results indicate several genes unknown outside of nudiviruses and BVs are essential for normal capsid assembly. Results also indicate most MdBV tyrosine recombinase family members and the DNA binding protein p6.9-1 are required for DNA processing and packaging into nucleocapsids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ange Lorenzi
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael J. Arvin
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Gaelen R. Burke
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael R. Strand
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jia X, Gao Y, Huang Y, Sun L, Li S, Li H, Zhang X, Li Y, He J, Wu W, Venkannagari H, Yang K, Baker ML, Zhang Q. Architecture of the baculovirus nucleocapsid revealed by cryo-EM. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7481. [PMID: 37980340 PMCID: PMC10657434 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43284-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) has been widely used as a bioinsecticide and a protein expression vector. Despite their importance, very little is known about the structure of most baculovirus proteins. Here, we show a 3.2 Å resolution structure of helical cylindrical body of the AcMNPV nucleocapsid, composed of VP39, as well as 4.3 Å resolution structures of both the head and the base of the nucleocapsid composed of over 100 protein subunits. AcMNPV VP39 demonstrates some features of the HK97-like fold and utilizes disulfide-bonds and a set of interactions at its C-termini to mediate nucleocapsid assembly and stability. At both ends of the nucleocapsid, the VP39 cylinder is constricted by an outer shell ring composed of proteins AC104, AC142 and AC109. AC101(BV/ODV-C42) and AC144(ODV-EC27) form a C14 symmetric inner layer at both capsid head and base. In the base, these proteins interact with a 7-fold symmetric capsid plug, while a portal-like structure is seen in the central portion of head. Additionally, we propose an application of AlphaFold2 for model building in intermediate resolution density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Jia
- State key laboratory of biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanzhu Gao
- State key laboratory of biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
- Cryo-EM Facility Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxuan Huang
- State key laboratory of biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linjun Sun
- State key laboratory of biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siduo Li
- State key laboratory of biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- State key laboratory of biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Zhang
- State key laboratory of biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinyin Li
- State key laboratory of biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian He
- State key laboratory of biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbi Wu
- State key laboratory of biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Harikanth Venkannagari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kai Yang
- State key laboratory of biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Matthew L Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Qinfen Zhang
- State key laboratory of biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Benning FMC, Jenni S, Garcia CY, Nguyen TH, Zhang X, Chao LH. Helical reconstruction of VP39 reveals principles for baculovirus nucleocapsid assembly. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.15.545104. [PMID: 37398449 PMCID: PMC10312762 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.15.545104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Baculoviruses are insect-infecting pathogens with wide applications as biological pesticides, in vitro protein production vehicles and gene therapy tools. Its cylindrical nucleocapsid, which encapsulates and protects the circular double-stranded viral DNA encoding proteins for viral replication and entry, is formed by the highly conserved major capsid protein VP39. The mechanism for VP39 assembly remains unknown. We determined a 3.2 Å electron cryomicroscopy helical reconstruction of an infectious nucleocapsid of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus, revealing how dimers of VP39 assemble into a 14-stranded helical tube. We show that VP39 comprises a unique protein fold conserved across baculoviruses, which includes a Zinc finger domain and a stabilizing intra-dimer sling. Analysis of sample polymorphism revealed that VP39 assembles in several closely-related helical geometries. This VP39 reconstruction reveals general principles for baculoviral nucleocapsid assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike M. C. Benning
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon Jenni
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Coby Y. Garcia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard College, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Tran H. Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xuewu Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Luke H. Chao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rosemarie Q, Sugden B. Five families of diverse DNA viruses comprehensively restructure the nucleus. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002347. [PMID: 37930945 PMCID: PMC10627436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many viruses have evolved ways to restructure their host cell's nucleus profoundly and unexpectedly upon infection. In particular, DNA viruses that need to commandeer their host's cellular synthetic functions to produce their progeny can induce the condensation and margination of host chromatin during productive infection, a phenomenon known as virus-induced reorganization of cellular chromatin (ROCC). These ROCC-inducing DNA viruses belong to 5 families (herpesviruses, baculoviruses, adenoviruses, parvoviruses, and geminiviruses) that infect a wide range of hosts and are important for human and ecosystem health, as well as for biotechnology. Although the study of virus-induced ROCC is in its infancy, investigations are already raising important questions, such as why only some DNA viruses that replicate their genomes in the nucleus elicit ROCC. Studying the shared and distinct properties of ROCC-inducing viruses will provide valuable insights into viral reorganization of host chromatin that could have implications for future therapies that target the viral life cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quincy Rosemarie
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Bill Sugden
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang HJ, Tang SL, Chang YC, Wang HC, Ng TH, Garmann RF, Chen YW, Huang JY, Kumar R, Chang SH, Wu SR, Chao CY, Matoba K, Kenji I, Gelbart WM, Ko TP, Wang HJA, Lo CF, Chen LL, Wang HC. Multiple Nucleocapsid Structural Forms of Shrimp White Spot Syndrome Virus Suggests a Novel Viral Morphogenetic Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087525. [PMID: 37108688 PMCID: PMC10140842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a very large dsDNA virus. The accepted shape of the WSSV virion has been as ellipsoidal, with a tail-like extension. However, due to the scarcity of reliable references, the pathogenesis and morphogenesis of WSSV are not well understood. Here, we used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and cryogenic electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) to address some knowledge gaps. We concluded that mature WSSV virions with a stout oval-like shape do not have tail-like extensions. Furthermore, there were two distinct ends in WSSV nucleocapsids: a portal cap and a closed base. A C14 symmetric structure of the WSSV nucleocapsid was also proposed, according to our Cryo-EM map. Immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) revealed that VP664 proteins, the main components of the 14 assembly units, form a ring-like architecture. Moreover, WSSV nucleocapsids were also observed to undergo unique helical dissociation. Based on these new results, we propose a novel morphogenetic pathway of WSSV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ju Huang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Sen-Lin Tang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chih Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ching Wang
- International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Tze Hann Ng
- International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Rees F Garmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-1030, USA
| | - Yu-Wen Chen
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Yan Huang
- International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ramya Kumar
- International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiung Chang
- International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Rung Wu
- Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Chao
- Department of Physics and Graduate Institute of Applied Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kyoko Matoba
- Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Iwasaki Kenji
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - William M Gelbart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Tzu-Ping Ko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Jiung Andrew Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Fang Lo
- International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Li-Li Chen
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ching Wang
- International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vidal LEL, Figueira-Mansur J, Jurgilas PB, Argondizzo APC, Pestana CP, Martins FO, da Silva Junior HC, Miguez M, Loureiro BO, Marques CDFS, Trinta KS, da Silva LBR, de Mello MB, da Silva ED, Bastos RC, Esteves G. Process development and characterization of recombinant nucleocapsid protein for its application on COVID-19 diagnosis. Protein Expr Purif 2023; 207:106263. [PMID: 36921810 PMCID: PMC10012136 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic was caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2). The nucleocapsid (N) protein from Sars-CoV-2 is a highly immunogenic antigen and responsible for genome packing. Serological assays are important tools to detect previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2, complement epidemiological studies, vaccine evaluation and also in COVID-19 surveillance. SARS-CoV-2 N (r2N) protein was produced in Escherichia coli, characterized, and the immunological performance was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and beads-based array immunoassay. r2N protein oligomers were evidenced when it is associated to nucleic acid. Benzonase treatment reduced host nucleic acid associated to r2N protein, but crosslinking assay still demonstrates the presence of higher-order oligomers. Nevertheless, after RNase treatment the higher-order oligomers reduced, and dimer form increased, suggesting RNA contributes to the oligomer formation. Structural analysis revealed nucleic acid did not interfere with the thermal stability of the recombinant protein. Interestingly, nucleic acid was able to prevent r2N protein aggregation even with increasing temperature while the protein benzonase treated begin aggregation process above 55 °C. In immunological characterization, ELISA performed with 233 serum samples presented a sensitivity of 97.44% (95% Confidence Interval, CI, 91.04%, 99.69%) and a specificity of 98.71% (95% CI, 95.42%, 99.84%) while beads-based array immunoassay carried out with 217 samples showed 100% sensitivity and 98.6% specificity. The results exhibited an excellent immunological performance of r2N protein in serologic assays showing that, even in presence of nucleic acid, it can be used as a component of an immunoassay for the sensitive and specific detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luãnna Elisa Liebscher Vidal
- Macromolecules Laboratory, Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Janaina Figueira-Mansur
- Recombinant Technology Laboratory, Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Barbosa Jurgilas
- Macromolecules Laboratory, Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Correa Argondizzo
- Recombinant Technology Laboratory, Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Pinheiro Pestana
- Recombinant Technology Laboratory, Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Otaviano Martins
- Recombinant Technology Laboratory, Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Haroldo Cid da Silva Junior
- Immunological Technology Laboratory, Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Miguez
- Recombinant Technology Laboratory, Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Oliveira Loureiro
- Diagnostic Technology Laboratory, Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Christiane de Fátima Silva Marques
- Diagnostic Technology Laboratory, Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Karen Soares Trinta
- Diagnostic Technology Laboratory, Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Leila Botelho Rodrigues da Silva
- Diagnostic Technology Laboratory, Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelle Bral de Mello
- Diagnostic Technology Laboratory, Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Edimilson Domingos da Silva
- Diagnostic Technology Laboratory, Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Renata Chagas Bastos
- Macromolecules Laboratory, Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Esteves
- Recombinant Technology Laboratory, Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
How Epstein-Barr Virus Induces the Reorganization of Cellular Chromatin. mBio 2023; 14:e0268622. [PMID: 36625581 PMCID: PMC9973336 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02686-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We have discovered how Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) induces the reorganization of cellular chromatin (ROCC), in which host chromatin is compacted and marginated within the nucleus, with viral DNA replication occurring in the chromatin-free regions. Five families of DNA viruses induce ROCC: herpesviruses, adenoviruses, parvoviruses, baculoviruses, and geminiviruses. These families infect a variety of hosts, including vertebrates, insects, and plants. They also share several characteristics: they replicate and encapsidate their genomes in the host nucleus and package their genomes unbound by histones. We have identified the viral genes and processes required for EBV's ROCC. Each of EBV's seven core DNA synthesis genes and its origin of lytic replication (oriLyt), in trans, are required, while its protein kinase, BGLF4, and its true late genes are not. Following these findings, we tested the role of EBV lytic DNA amplification in driving ROCC. Surprisingly, the inhibition of EBV's lytic DNA synthesis still supports chromatin compaction but blocks its margination. We propose a two-step model for ROCC. First, the initiation of viral lytic DNA synthesis induces a cellular response that results in global chromatin compaction. Second, the histone-free, productive viral DNA synthesis leads to the margination of compacted chromatin to the nuclear periphery. We have tested this model by asking if the histone-associated simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA synthesis could substitute for oriLyt-mediated synthesis and found that EBV's ROCC is incompatible with SV40 DNA replication. Elucidating EBV's induction of ROCC both illuminates how other viruses can do so and indicates how this spatial control of cellular chromatin benefits them. IMPORTANCE Five families of viruses support the reorganization of cellular chromatin (ROCC), the compaction and margination of host chromatin, upon their productive infection. That they all share this phenotype implies the importance of ROCC in viral life cycles. With Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a herpesvirus, we show that the viral replication complex and origin of lytic replication (oriLyt) are essential for ROCC. In contrast, its protein kinase and true late genes are not. We show that, unexpectedly, the viral lytic amplification is not required for chromatin compaction but is required for its margination. We propose a two-step model for ROCC: first, global chromatin compaction occurs as a cellular response to the initiation of viral DNA synthesis; then, the accumulation of newly synthesized, histone-free viral DNA leads to cellular chromatin margination. Taken together, our findings provide insights into a process contributing to the productive phase of five families of viruses.
Collapse
|
9
|
Baculovirus Display of Peptides and Proteins for Medical Applications. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020411. [PMID: 36851625 PMCID: PMC9962271 DOI: 10.3390/v15020411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Baculoviridae is a large family of arthropod-infective viruses. Recombinant baculoviruses have many applications, the best known is as a system for large scale protein production in combination with insect cell cultures. More recently recombinant baculoviruses have been utilized for the display of proteins of interest with applications in medicine. In the present review we analyze the different strategies for the display of proteins and peptides on the surface of recombinant baculoviruses and provide some examples of the different proteins displayed. We analyze briefly the commercially available systems for recombinant baculovirus production and display and discuss the future of this emerging and powerful technology.
Collapse
|
10
|
Petersen JM, Bézier A, Drezen JM, van Oers MM. The naked truth: An updated review on nudiviruses and their relationship to bracoviruses and baculoviruses. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 189:107718. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
11
|
Beperet I, Simón O, López-Ferber M, van Lent J, Williams T, Caballero P. Mixtures of Insect-Pathogenic Viruses in a Single Virion: towards the Development of Custom-Designed Insecticides. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e02180-20. [PMID: 33187994 PMCID: PMC7848923 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02180-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alphabaculoviruses (Baculoviridae) are pathogenic DNA viruses of Lepidoptera that have applications as the basis for biological insecticides and expression vectors in biotechnological processes. These viruses have a characteristic physical structure that facilitates the transmission of groups of genomes. We demonstrate that coinfection of a susceptible insect by two different alphabaculovirus species results in the production of mixed-virus occlusion bodies containing the parental viruses. This occurred between closely related and phylogenetically more distant alphabaculoviruses. Approximately half the virions present in proteinaceous viral occlusion bodies produced following coinfection of insects with a mixture of two alphabaculoviruses contained both viruses, indicating that the viruses coinfected and replicated in a single cell and were coenveloped within the same virion. This observation was confirmed by endpoint dilution assay. Moreover, both viruses persisted in the mixed-virus population by coinfection of insects during several rounds of insect-to-insect transmission. Coinfection by viruses that differed in genome size had unexpected results on the length of viral nucleocapsids, which differed from those of both parental viruses. These results have unique implications for the development of alphabaculoviruses as biological control agents of insect pests.IMPORTANCE Alphabaculoviruses are used as biological insecticides and expression vectors in biotechnology and medical applications. We demonstrate that in caterpillars infected with particular mixtures of viruses, the genomes of different baculovirus species can be enveloped together within individual virions and occluded within proteinaceous occlusion bodies. This results in the transmission of mixed-virus populations to the caterpillar stages of moth species. Once established, mixed-virus populations persist by coinfection of insect cells during several rounds of insect-to-insect transmission. Mixed-virus production technology opens the way to the development of custom-designed insecticides for control of different combinations of caterpillar pest species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inés Beperet
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Bioinsectis SL, Noain, Navarra, Spain
| | - Oihane Simón
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Departamento de Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Miguel López-Ferber
- LGEI, Ecole des Mines d'Alès, Institut Mines-Télécom et Université de Montpellier Sud de France, Alès, France
| | - Jan van Lent
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Primitivo Caballero
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Bioinsectis SL, Noain, Navarra, Spain
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Departamento de Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
The dynamics of nuclear envelope has a critical role in multiple cellular processes. However, little is known regarding the structural changes occurring inside the nucleus or at the inner and outer nuclear membranes. For viruses assembling inside the nucleus, remodeling of the intranuclear membrane plays an important role in the process of virion assembly. Here, we monitored the changes associated with viral infection in the case of nudiviruses. Our data revealed dramatic membrane remodeling inside the nuclear compartment during infection with Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus, an important biocontrol agent against coconut rhinoceros beetle, a devastating pest for coconut and oil palm trees. Based on these findings, we propose a model for nudivirus assembly in which nuclear packaging occurs in fully enveloped virions. Enveloped viruses hijack cellular membranes in order to provide the necessary material for virion assembly. In particular, viruses that replicate and assemble inside the nucleus have developed special approaches to modify the nuclear landscape for their advantage. We used electron microscopy to investigate cellular changes occurring during nudivirus infection and we characterized a unique mechanism for assembly, packaging, and transport of new virions across the nuclear membrane and through the cytoplasm. Our three-dimensional reconstructions describe the complex remodeling of the nuclear membrane necessary to release vesicle-associated viruses into the cytoplasm. This is the first report of nuclear morphological reconfigurations that occur during nudiviral infection.
Collapse
|
13
|
Holographic Imaging of Insect Cell Cultures: Online Non-Invasive Monitoring of Adeno-Associated Virus Production and Cell Concentration. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8040487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The insect cell-baculovirus vector system has become one of the favorite platforms for the expression of viral vectors for vaccination and gene therapy purposes. As it is a lytic system, it is essential to balance maximum recombinant product expression with harvest time, minimizing product exposure to detrimental proteases. With this purpose, new bioprocess monitoring solutions are needed to accurately estimate culture progression. Herein, we used online digital holographic microscopy (DHM) to monitor bioreactor cultures of Sf9 insect cells. Batches of baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells producing recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) and non-infected cells were used to evaluate DHM prediction capabilities for viable cell concentration, culture viability and AAV titer. Over 30 cell-related optical attributes were quantified using DHM, followed by a forward stepwise regression to select the most significant (p < 0.05) parameters for each variable. We then applied multiple linear regression to obtain models which were able to predict culture variables with root mean squared errors (RMSE) of 7 × 105 cells/mL, 3% for cell viability and 2 × 103 AAV/cell for 3-fold cross-validation. Overall, this work shows that DHM can be implemented for online monitoring of Sf9 concentration and viability, also permitting to monitor product titer, namely AAV, or culture progression in lytic systems, making it a valuable tool to support the time of harvest decision and for the establishment of controlled feeding strategies.
Collapse
|