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Shaw TM, Huey D, Mousa-Makky M, Compaleo J, Nennig K, Shah AP, Jiang F, Qiu X, Klipsic D, Rowland RRR, Slukvin II, Sullender ME, Baldridge MT, Li H, Warren CJ, Bailey AL. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is a pan-arterivirus receptor. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6726. [PMID: 39112502 PMCID: PMC11306234 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Arteriviruses infect a variety of mammalian hosts, but the receptors used by these viruses to enter cells are poorly understood. We identified the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) as an important pro-viral host factor via comparative genome-wide CRISPR-knockout screens with multiple arteriviruses. Using a panel of cell lines and divergent arteriviruses, we demonstrate that FcRn is required for the entry step of arterivirus infection and serves as a molecular barrier to arterivirus cross-species infection. We also show that FcRn synergizes with another known arterivirus entry factor, CD163, to mediate arterivirus entry. Overexpression of FcRn and CD163 sensitizes non-permissive cells to infection and enables the culture of fastidious arteriviruses. Treatment of multiple cell lines with a pre-clinical anti-FcRn monoclonal antibody blocked infection and rescued cells from arterivirus-induced death. Altogether, this study identifies FcRn as a novel pan-arterivirus receptor, with implications for arterivirus emergence, cross-species infection, and host-directed pan-arterivirus countermeasure development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teressa M Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Devra Huey
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Makky Mousa-Makky
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jared Compaleo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kylie Nennig
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Aadit P Shah
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Fei Jiang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xueer Qiu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Devon Klipsic
- Research Animal Resources and Compliance (RARC), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raymond R R Rowland
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Igor I Slukvin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Meagan E Sullender
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Megan T Baldridge
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Haichang Li
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Cody J Warren
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Adam L Bailey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
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Shaw TM, Dettle ST, Mejia A, Hayes JM, Simmons HA, Basu P, Kuhn JH, Ramuta MD, Warren CJ, Jahrling PB, O'Connor DH, Huang L, Zaeem M, Seo J, Slukvin II, Brown ME, Bailey AL. Isolation of Diverse Simian Arteriviruses Causing Hemorrhagic Disease. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:721-731. [PMID: 38526136 PMCID: PMC10977827 DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.231457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetically diverse simian arteriviruses (simarteriviruses) naturally infect geographically and phylogenetically diverse monkeys, and cross-species transmission and emergence are of considerable concern. Characterization of most simarteriviruses beyond sequence analysis has not been possible because the viruses fail to propagate in the laboratory. We attempted to isolate 4 simarteriviruses, Kibale red colobus virus 1, Pebjah virus, simian hemorrhagic fever virus, and Southwest baboon virus 1, by inoculating an immortalized grivet cell line (known to replicate simian hemorrhagic fever virus), primary macaque cells, macrophages derived from macaque induced pluripotent stem cells, and mice engrafted with macaque CD34+-enriched hematopoietic stem cells. The combined effort resulted in successful virus isolation; however, no single approach was successful for all 4 simarteriviruses. We describe several approaches that might be used to isolate additional simarteriviruses for phenotypic characterization. Our results will expedite laboratory studies of simarteriviruses to elucidate virus-host interactions, assess zoonotic risk, and develop medical countermeasures.
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Warren CJ, Barbachano-Guerrero A, Huey D, Yang Q, Worden-Sapper ER, Kuhn JH, Sawyer SL. Quantification of virus-infected cells using RNA FISH-Flow. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102291. [PMID: 37209094 PMCID: PMC10209735 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a protocol to detect cells that have been infected by RNA viruses. The method, RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization flow cytometry (RNA FISH-Flow), uses 48 fluorescently labeled DNA probes that hybridize in tandem to viral RNA. RNA FISH-Flow probes can be synthesized to match any RNA virus genome, in either sense or anti-sense, enabling detection of genomes or replication intermediates within cells. Flow cytometry enables high-throughput analysis of infection dynamics within a population at the single cell level. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Warren et al. (2022).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody J Warren
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Arturo Barbachano-Guerrero
- BioFrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Devra Huey
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Qing Yang
- BioFrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Emma R Worden-Sapper
- BioFrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Sara L Sawyer
- BioFrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
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When viruses do not go gentle into that good night. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1499-1500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Warren CJ, Yu S, Peters DK, Barbachano-Guerrero A, Yang Q, Burris BL, Worwa G, Huang IC, Wilkerson GK, Goldberg TL, Kuhn JH, Sawyer SL. Primate hemorrhagic fever-causing arteriviruses are poised for spillover to humans. Cell 2022; 185:3980-3991.e18. [PMID: 36182704 PMCID: PMC9588614 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Simian arteriviruses are endemic in some African primates and can cause fatal hemorrhagic fevers when they cross into primate hosts of new species. We find that CD163 acts as an intracellular receptor for simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV; a simian arterivirus), a rare mode of virus entry that is shared with other hemorrhagic fever-causing viruses (e.g., Ebola and Lassa viruses). Further, SHFV enters and replicates in human monocytes, indicating full functionality of all of the human cellular proteins required for viral replication. Thus, simian arteriviruses in nature may not require major adaptations to the human host. Given that at least three distinct simian arteriviruses have caused fatal infections in captive macaques after host-switching, and that humans are immunologically naive to this family of viruses, development of serology tests for human surveillance should be a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody J Warren
- BioFrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Shuiqing Yu
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Douglas K Peters
- BioFrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Arturo Barbachano-Guerrero
- BioFrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Qing Yang
- BioFrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Bridget L Burris
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
| | - Gabriella Worwa
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - I-Chueh Huang
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Gregory K Wilkerson
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
| | - Tony L Goldberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Sara L Sawyer
- BioFrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
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Bhosle SM, Tran JP, Yu S, Geiger J, Jackson JD, Crozier I, Crane A, Wada J, Warren TK, Kuhn JH, Worwa G. Duplex One-Step RT-qPCR Assays for Simultaneous Detection of Genomic and Subgenomic RNAs of SARS-CoV-2 Variants. Viruses 2022; 14:1066. [PMID: 35632807 PMCID: PMC9143037 DOI: 10.3390/v14051066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS-CoV-2) replication is the discontinuous transcription of open reading frames (ORFs) encoding structural virus proteins. Real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) assays in previous publications used either single or multiplex assays for SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA detection and a singleplex approach for subgenomic RNA detection. Although multiplex approaches often target multiple genomic RNA segments, an assay that concurrently detects genomic and subgenomic targets has been lacking. To bridge this gap, we developed two duplex one-step RT-qPCR assays that detect SARS-CoV-2 genomic ORF1a and either subgenomic spike or subgenomic ORF3a RNAs. All primers and probes for our assays were designed to bind to variants of SARS-CoV-2. In this study, our assays successfully detected SARS-CoV-2 Washington strain and delta variant isolates at various time points during the course of live virus infection in vitro. The ability to quantify subgenomic SARS-CoV-2 RNA is important, as it may indicate the presence of active replication, particularly in samples collected longitudinally. Furthermore, specific detection of genomic and subgenomic RNAs simultaneously in a single reaction increases assay efficiency, potentially leading to expedited lucidity about viral replication and pathogenesis of any variant of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma M. Bhosle
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (S.M.B.); (J.P.T.); (S.Y.); (J.G.); (J.D.J.); (A.C.); (J.W.); (T.K.W.)
| | - Julie P. Tran
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (S.M.B.); (J.P.T.); (S.Y.); (J.G.); (J.D.J.); (A.C.); (J.W.); (T.K.W.)
| | - Shuiqing Yu
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (S.M.B.); (J.P.T.); (S.Y.); (J.G.); (J.D.J.); (A.C.); (J.W.); (T.K.W.)
| | - Jillian Geiger
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (S.M.B.); (J.P.T.); (S.Y.); (J.G.); (J.D.J.); (A.C.); (J.W.); (T.K.W.)
| | - Jennifer D. Jackson
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (S.M.B.); (J.P.T.); (S.Y.); (J.G.); (J.D.J.); (A.C.); (J.W.); (T.K.W.)
| | - Ian Crozier
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA;
| | - Anya Crane
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (S.M.B.); (J.P.T.); (S.Y.); (J.G.); (J.D.J.); (A.C.); (J.W.); (T.K.W.)
| | - Jiro Wada
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (S.M.B.); (J.P.T.); (S.Y.); (J.G.); (J.D.J.); (A.C.); (J.W.); (T.K.W.)
| | - Travis K. Warren
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (S.M.B.); (J.P.T.); (S.Y.); (J.G.); (J.D.J.); (A.C.); (J.W.); (T.K.W.)
| | - Jens H. Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (S.M.B.); (J.P.T.); (S.Y.); (J.G.); (J.D.J.); (A.C.); (J.W.); (T.K.W.)
| | - Gabriella Worwa
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (S.M.B.); (J.P.T.); (S.Y.); (J.G.); (J.D.J.); (A.C.); (J.W.); (T.K.W.)
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