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Torralba B, Blanc S, Michalakis Y. Reassortments in single-stranded DNA multipartite viruses: Confronting expectations based on molecular constraints with field observations. Virus Evol 2024; 10:veae010. [PMID: 38384786 PMCID: PMC10880892 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-stranded DNA multipartite viruses, which mostly consist of members of the genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae, and all members of the family Nanoviridae, partly resolve the cost of genomic integrity maintenance through two remarkable capacities. They are able to systemically infect a host even when their genomic segments are not together in the same host cell, and these segments can be separately transmitted by insect vectors from host to host. These capacities potentially allow such viruses to reassort at a much larger spatial scale, since reassortants could arise from parental genotypes that do not co-infect the same cell or even the same host. To assess the limitations affecting reassortment and their implications in genome integrity maintenance, the objective of this review is to identify putative molecular constraints influencing reassorted segments throughout the infection cycle and to confront expectations based on these constraints with empirical observations. Trans-replication of the reassorted segments emerges as the major constraint, while encapsidation, viral movement, and transmission compatibilities appear more permissive. Confronting the available molecular data and the resulting predictions on reassortments to field population surveys reveals notable discrepancies, particularly a surprising rarity of interspecific natural reassortments within the Nanoviridae family. These apparent discrepancies unveil important knowledge gaps in the biology of ssDNA multipartite viruses and call for further investigation on the role of reassortment in their biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babil Torralba
- PHIM, Université Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Avenue du Campus d’Agropolis - ZAC de Baillarguet, Montpellier 34980, France
| | - Stéphane Blanc
- PHIM, Université Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Avenue du Campus d’Agropolis - ZAC de Baillarguet, Montpellier 34980, France
| | - Yannis Michalakis
- MIVEGEC, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 911, Avenue Agropolis, Montpellier 34394, France
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Devendran R, Kavalappara SR, Simmons AM, Bag S. Whitefly-Transmitted Viruses of Cucurbits in the Southern United States. Viruses 2023; 15:2278. [PMID: 38005954 PMCID: PMC10675411 DOI: 10.3390/v15112278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucurbits are economically important crops that are widely cultivated in many parts of the world, including the southern US. In recent years, higher temperatures have favored the rapid build-up of whiteflies in the fall-grown cucurbits in this region. As a result, whitefly-transmitted viruses (WTVs) have severely impacted the marketable yield of cucurbits. In this review, we discuss three major groups of WTVs negatively impacting cucurbit cultivation in the southern US, including begomoviruses, criniviruses, and ipomoviruses. Here, we discuss the available information on the biology, epidemiology and advances made toward detecting and managing these viruses, including sources of resistance and cultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alvin M. Simmons
- U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Charleston, SC 29414, USA
| | - Sudeep Bag
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
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Armand T, Souquet M, Korn L, Gauthier K, Jacquot E. Asymmetric interactions between barley yellow dwarf virus -PAV and wheat dwarf virus in wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1194622. [PMID: 37496861 PMCID: PMC10366370 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1194622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The deciphering of the epidemiology of a plant virus has long been focused on the study of interactions between partners of one pathosystem. However, plants are exposed to numerous viruses which lead to frequent co-infection scenarios. This can change characteristics of virus-vector-host interactions and could impact the epidemiology of viral diseases. Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV; species: Luteovirus pavhordei; genus Luteovirus), wheat dwarf virus (WDV; genus Mastrevirus) and their respective vectors (BYDV-PAV: e.g. Rhopalosiphum padi and WDV: Psammotettix alienus) are commonly found in cereal fields. Wheat plants co-infected with BYDV-PAV and WDV have been reported from field surveys, although epidemiological outcomes of BYDV-PAV - WDV interactions in planta have not yet been studied. Experiments were carried out to evaluate and compare, through different competition scenarios (i.e. single- and co- (simultaneous and sequential) inoculations), the efficiency of BYDV-PAV and WDV to infect, to accumulate in and to be spread between wheat plants. Moreover, the impact of competition scenarios on the biological parameters of these two viruses was evaluated at different stages of the infection and with plants at different ages at inoculation. Results showed i) that these viruses achieve their infection cycle and their plant-to-plant transmission with different efficiencies and ii) BYDV-PAV - WDV interactions lead to different phenotypes ranging from antagonism to synergism. Finally, when these two viruses share a host, the nature and strength of virus-virus interactions varied depending on the order of virus arrival, stages of the infection cycle and plant age at inoculation. Precisely, the introduction (i.e. co- and sequential inoculation) and infection process (i.e. virus accumulation) of BYDV-PAV in a wheat benefit from the presence of WDV. For the latter, the sympatry with BYDV-PAV exerts opposite pressure on parameters involved in virus introduction (i.e. benefit during sequential inoculation) and spread (i.e. lower transmission efficiency and virus accumulation in co-infected plants). In the context of increased potential exposure of crops to insect vectors, this study participates in a better understanding of the impact of BYDV-PAV and WDV co-infections on biological and ecological parameters of the diseases induced by these viruses.
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AlHudaib KA, Almaghasla MI, El-Ganainy SM, Arshad M, Drou N, Sattar MN. High-Throughput Sequencing Identified Distinct Bipartite and Monopartite Begomovirus Variants Associated with DNA-Satellites from Tomato and Muskmelon Plants in Saudi Arabia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:6. [PMID: 36616136 PMCID: PMC9824426 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The studies on the prevalence and genetic diversity of begomoviruses in Saudi Arabia are minimal. In this study, field-grown symptomatic tomato and muskmelon plants were collected, and initially, begomovirus infection was confirmed by the core coat protein sequences. Four tomato and two muskmelon plants with viral infections were further evaluated for Illumina MiSeq sequencing, and twelve sequences (2.7-2.8 kb) equivalent to the full-length DNA-A or DNA-B components of begomoviruses were obtained along with eight sequences (~1.3-1.4 kb) equivalent to the begomovirus-associated DNA-satellite components. Four begomovirus sequences obtained from tomato plants were variants of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) with nt sequence identities of 95.3-100%. Additionally, two tomato plants showed a mixed infection of TYLCV and cotton leaf curl Gezira virus (CLCuGeV), okra yellow crinkle Cameroon alphasatellite (OYCrCMA), and okra leaf curl Oman betasatellite (OLCuOMB). Meanwhile, from muskmelon plants, two sequences were closely related (99-99.6%) to the tomato leaf curl Palampur virus (ToLCPalV) DNA-A, whereas two other sequences showed 97.9-100% sequence identities to DNA-B of ToLCPalV, respectively. Complete genome sequences of CLCuGeV and associated DNA-satellites were also obtained from these muskmelon plants. The nt sequence identities of the CLCuGeV, OYCrCMA, and OLCuOMB isolates obtained were 98.3-100%, 99.5-100%, and 95.6-99.7% with their respective available variants. The recombination was only detected in TYLCV and OLCuOMB isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first identification of a mixed infection of bipartite and monopartite begomoviruses associated with DNA-satellites from tomato and muskmelon in Saudi Arabia. The begomovirus variants reported in this study were clustered with Iranian isolates of respective begomovirus components in the phylogenetic dendrogram. Thus, the Iranian agroecological route can be a possible introduction of these begomoviruses and/or their associated DNA-satellites into Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A. AlHudaib
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Pests and Plant Diseases Unit, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa I. Almaghasla
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Pests and Plant Diseases Unit, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif M. El-Ganainy
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Bioinformatics Core, Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nizar Drou
- Bioinformatics Core, Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad N. Sattar
- Central Laboratories, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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