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Horigan S, Kettenburg G, Kistler A, Ranaivoson HC, Andrianiaina A, Andry S, Raharinosy V, Randriambolamanantsoa TH, Tato CM, Lacoste V, Heraud JM, Dussart P, Brook CE. Detection, characterization, and phylogenetic analysis of novel astroviruses from endemic Malagasy fruit bats. Virol J 2024; 21:195. [PMID: 39180123 PMCID: PMC11344347 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bats (order: Chiroptera) are known to host a diverse range of viruses, some of which present a human public health risk. Thorough viral surveillance is therefore essential to predict and potentially mitigate zoonotic spillover. Astroviruses (family: Astroviridae) are an understudied group of viruses with a growing amount of indirect evidence for zoonotic transfer. Astroviruses have been detected in bats with significant prevalence and diversity, suggesting that bats may act as important astrovirus hosts. Most astrovirus surveillance in wild bat hosts has, to date, been restricted to single-gene PCR detection and concomitant Sanger sequencing; additionally, many bat species and many geographic regions have not yet been surveyed for astroviruses at all. Here, we use metagenomic Next Generation Sequencing (mNGS) to detect astroviruses in three species of Madagascar fruit bats, Eidolon dupreanum, Pteropus rufus, and Rousettus madagascariensis. We detect numerous partial sequences from all three species and one near-full length astrovirus sequence from Rousettus madagascariensis, which we use to characterize the evolutionary history of astroviruses both within bats and the broader mammalian clade, Mamastrovirus. Taken together, applications of mNGS implicate bats as important astrovirus hosts and demonstrate novel patterns of bat astrovirus evolutionary history, particularly in the Southwest Indian Ocean region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Horigan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | | | - Amy Kistler
- Chan Zuckerburg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hafaliana C Ranaivoson
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Zoology and Animal Biodiversity, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Angelo Andrianiaina
- Department of Zoology and Animal Biodiversity, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Santino Andry
- Department of Entomology, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | | | | | - Vincent Lacoste
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Jean-Michel Heraud
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Epidemic and Pandemic Preparedness and Prevention, Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Cara E Brook
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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2
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Mbou-Boutambe C, Mombo IM, Rougeron V, Degrugillier F, Gauthier P, Makanga B, Ngoubangoye B, Leroy EM, Prugnolle F, Boundenga L. Investigation of caliciviruses and astroviruses in Gabonese rodents: A possible influence of national and international trade on the spread of enteric viruses. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 122:105607. [PMID: 38806078 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Caliciviruses (Caliciviridae) and astroviruses (Astroviridae) are among the leading cause of non-bacterial foodborne disease and gastroenteritis in human. These non-enveloped RNA viruses infect a wide range of vertebrate species including rodents. Rodents are among the most important hosts of infectious diseases globally and are responsible for over 80 zoonotic pathogens that affect humans. Therefore, screening pathogens in rodents will be is necessary to prevent cross-species transmission to prevent zoonotic outbreaks. In the present study, we screened caliciviruses and astroviruses in order to describe their diversity and whether they harbor strains that can infect humans. RNA was then extracted from intestine samples of 245 rodents and retrotranscribed in cDNA to screen caliciviruses and astroviruses by PCRs. All the samples tested negative for caliciviruses and while astroviruses were detected in 18 (7.3%) samples of Rattus rattus species. Phylogenetic analyses based on the RdRp gene showed that all the sequences belonged to Mamastrovirus genus in which they were genetically related to R. rattus related AstVs previously detected in Gabon or in Rattus spp. AstV from Kenya and Asia. These findings suggested that transportation such as land and railway, as well national and international trade, are likely to facilitate spread of AstVs by the dissemination of rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark Mbou-Boutambe
- Unité de Recherche en Écologie de la Santé (URES), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, BP 769, Gabon; Ecole Doctorale Régionale d'Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale (EDR), Franceville, BP 876, Gabon.
| | - Illich Manfred Mombo
- Unité Émergence des Maladies Virales, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC) (Université de Montpellier-IRD 224-CNRS 5290), Montpellier 34394, France
| | - Virginie Rougeron
- International Research Laboratory-REHABS, CNRS-Université Lyon 1-Nelson Mandela University, Nelson Mandela University George Campus, George 6531, South Africa
| | - Fanny Degrugillier
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC) (Université de Montpellier-IRD 224-CNRS 5290), Montpellier 34394, France
| | - Philippe Gauthier
- CBGP, IRD, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Boris Makanga
- Institut de Recherche en Écologie Tropicale (IRET/CENAREST), Libreville, BP 13354, Gabon
| | - Barthélemy Ngoubangoye
- Centre de Primatologie, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, BP 769, Gabon
| | - Eric M Leroy
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC) (Université de Montpellier-IRD 224-CNRS 5290), Montpellier 34394, France
| | - Franck Prugnolle
- International Research Laboratory-REHABS, CNRS-Université Lyon 1-Nelson Mandela University, Nelson Mandela University George Campus, George 6531, South Africa
| | - Larson Boundenga
- Unité de Recherche en Écologie de la Santé (URES), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, BP 769, Gabon; Département d'Anthropologie, Université de Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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3
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Carcauzon V, Herrera JP, Kaufman K, Baudino F, Wickenkamp N, Randriamoria TM, Soarimalala V, Goodman SM, Nunn CL, Lebarbenchon C, Tortosa P. Astroviruses in terrestrial Malagasy mammals. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012263. [PMID: 38875307 PMCID: PMC11262628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Small terrestrial mammals are major hosts of infectious agents responsible for zoonotic diseases. Astroviruses (AstVs)-the cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis mainly affecting young children-have been detected in a wide array of mammalian and avian host species. However, understanding the factors that influence AstV infection within and across hosts is limited. Here, we investigated the impact of land use changes on AstVs in terrestrial small mammals in rural northeastern Madagascar. We sampled 515 small mammals, representing seven endemic and four introduced species. Twenty-two positive samples were identified, all but one of which were found in the introduced species Mus musculus and Rattus rattus (family Muridae), with a positivity rate of 7.7% (6/78) and 5.6% (15/266), respectively. The non-introduced rodent case was from an endemic shrew-tenrec (family Tenrecidae). We found the highest positivity rate of AstVs infection in brushy regrowth (17.5%, 7/40) as compared to flooded rice fields (4.60%, 8/174), secondary forest (4.1%, 3/74), agroforest (3.6%, 1/28), village (2.61%, 3/115), and semi-intact forest (0%, 0/84). A phylogenetic analysis revealed an association between AstVs and their rodent host species. None of the viruses were phylogenetically related to AstVs previously described in Malagasy bats. This study supports AstV circulation in synanthropic animals in agricultural habitats of Madagascar and highlights the need to assess the spillover risk to human populations in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Carcauzon
- Université de La Réunion, Unité Mixte de Recherche Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (UMR PIMIT), CNRS 9192, INSERM 1187, IRD 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - James P. Herrera
- Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Lemur Center SAVA Conservation, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kayla Kaufman
- Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Fiona Baudino
- Université de La Réunion, Unité Mixte de Recherche Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (UMR PIMIT), CNRS 9192, INSERM 1187, IRD 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Natalie Wickenkamp
- Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | | | - Steven M. Goodman
- Association Vahatra, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Charles L. Nunn
- Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Camille Lebarbenchon
- Université de La Réunion, Unité Mixte de Recherche Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (UMR PIMIT), CNRS 9192, INSERM 1187, IRD 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Pablo Tortosa
- Université de La Réunion, Unité Mixte de Recherche Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (UMR PIMIT), CNRS 9192, INSERM 1187, IRD 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
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4
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Hoarau AOG, Köster M, Dietrich M, Le Minter G, Joffrin L, Ramanantsalama RV, Mavingui P, Lebarbenchon C. Synchronicity of viral shedding in molossid bat maternity colonies. Epidemiol Infect 2023; 151:e47. [PMID: 36750225 PMCID: PMC10052574 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268823000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection dynamics in vertebrates are driven by biological and ecological processes. For bats, population structure and reproductive cycles have major effects on RNA virus transmission. On Reunion Island, previous studies have shown that parturition of pregnant females and aggregation of juvenile Reunion free-tailed bats (Mormopterus francoismoutoui) are associated with major increase in the prevalence of bats shedding RNA viruses. The synchronicity of such shedding pulses, however, is yet to be assessed between viruses but also maternity colonies. Based on 3422 fresh faeces collected every 2-5 weeks during four consecutive birthing seasons, we report the prevalence of bats shedding astroviruses (AstVs), coronaviruses (CoVs) and paramyxoviruses (PMVs) in two maternity colonies on Reunion Island. We found that the proportion of bats shedding viruses is highly influenced by sampling collection periods, and therefore by the evolution of the population age structure. We highlight that virus shedding patterns are consistent among years and colonies for CoVs and to a lesser extent for PMVs, but not for AstVs. We also report that 1% of bats harbour co-infections, with two but not three of the viruses, and most co-infections were due to CoVs and PMVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel O G Hoarau
- Université de La Réunion, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Inserm 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Marie Köster
- Université de La Réunion, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Inserm 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Muriel Dietrich
- Université de La Réunion, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Inserm 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Gildas Le Minter
- Université de La Réunion, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Inserm 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Léa Joffrin
- Université de La Réunion, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Inserm 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Riana V Ramanantsalama
- Université de La Réunion, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Inserm 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Patrick Mavingui
- Université de La Réunion, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Inserm 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Camille Lebarbenchon
- Université de La Réunion, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Inserm 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
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Huang X, Zhou J, Hou Y, Wang R, Li Q, Wang Y, Yuan R, Chen P, Wang B, Xia X. Diversity and Genetic Characteristics of Astroviruses from Animals in Yunnan Province. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102234. [PMID: 36298789 PMCID: PMC9607396 DOI: 10.3390/v14102234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astroviruses (AstVs) are single-stranded RNA viruses, including two main genera: Mamastroviruses (MAstVs) and Avastroviruses (AAstVs). AstVs have been detected in more than 80 different mammals and birds, with the characteristics of multiple cross-species transmission and gene recombination. All these have accelerated the process of virus mutation and posed a potential threat to human beings and animal husbandry. Yunnan province is a global hotspot with rich biodiversity and abundant animal resources and an important area with significance for public health and security because it neighbors a few Southeast Asian countries. This study collected 860 samples from 13 species of animals in Yunnan province for AstVs detection. The results showed that the positive rate of AstVs was 6.05%, and its extremely high genetic diversity was observed in different animal species. Potential cross-species transmission events were also detected from rodents to birds. Therefore, AstVs, which are widely distributed with highly diverse genes and the risk of cross-species transmission to people, deserve more attention in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Huang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jiuxuan Zhou
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yutong Hou
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qian Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ruiling Yuan
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Binghui Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Correspondence: (B.W.); (X.X.)
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Correspondence: (B.W.); (X.X.)
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6
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Bertran K, Cortey M, Criado MF. Special Issue “Viral Shedding and Transmission in Zoonotic Diseases”. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061190. [PMID: 35746661 PMCID: PMC9228026 DOI: 10.3390/v14061190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kateri Bertran
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Correspondence: (K.B.); (M.C.); (M.F.C.)
| | - Martí Cortey
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Authonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (K.B.); (M.C.); (M.F.C.)
| | - Miriã F. Criado
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Correspondence: (K.B.); (M.C.); (M.F.C.)
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7
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Joffrin L, Hoarau AOG, Lagadec E, Torrontegi O, Köster M, Le Minter G, Dietrich M, Mavingui P, Lebarbenchon C. Seasonality of coronavirus shedding in tropical bats. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211600. [PMID: 35154796 PMCID: PMC8825989 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Anticipating cross-species transmission of zoonotic diseases requires an understanding of pathogen infection dynamics within natural reservoir hosts. Although bats might be a source of coronaviruses (CoVs) for humans, the drivers of infection dynamics in bat populations have received limited attention. We conducted a fine-scale 2-year longitudinal study of CoV infection dynamics in the largest colony of Reunion free-tailed bats (Mormopterus francoismoutoui), a tropical insectivorous species. Real-time PCR screening of 1080 fresh individual faeces samples collected during the two consecutive years revealed an extreme variation of the detection rate of bats shedding viruses over the birthing season (from 0% to 80%). Shedding pulses were repeatedly observed and occurred both during late pregnancy and within two months after parturition. An additional shedding pulse at the end of the second year suggests some inter-annual variations. We also detected viral RNA in bat guano up to three months after bats had left the cave. Our results highlight the importance of fine-scale longitudinal studies to capture the rapid change of bat CoV infection over months, and that CoV shedding pulses in bats may increase spillover risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Joffrin
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, GIP CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Axel O. G. Hoarau
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, GIP CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Erwan Lagadec
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, GIP CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Olalla Torrontegi
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, GIP CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Marie Köster
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, GIP CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Gildas Le Minter
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, GIP CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Muriel Dietrich
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, GIP CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Patrick Mavingui
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, GIP CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Camille Lebarbenchon
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, GIP CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
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8
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Hoarau AOG, Goodman SM, Al Halabi D, Ramasindrazana B, Lagadec E, Le Minter G, Köster M, Dos Santos A, Schoeman MC, Gudo ES, Mavingui P, Lebarbenchon C. Investigation of astrovirus, coronavirus and paramyxovirus co-infections in bats in the western Indian Ocean. Virol J 2021; 18:205. [PMID: 34641936 PMCID: PMC8506490 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01673-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-infections have a key role in virus transmission in wild reservoir hosts. We investigated the simultaneous presence of astroviruses, coronaviruses, and paramyxoviruses in bats from Madagascar, Mayotte, Mozambique, and Reunion Island. A total of 871 samples from 28 bat species representing 8 families were tested by polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) targeting the RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase genes. Overall, 2.4% of bats tested positive for the presence of at least two viruses, only on Madagascar and in Mozambique. Significant variation in the proportion of co-infections was detected among bat species, and some combinations of co-infection were more common than others. Our findings support that co-infections of the three targeted viruses occur in bats in the western Indian Ocean region, although further studies are needed to assess their epidemiological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel O G Hoarau
- Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France.
| | - Steven M Goodman
- Association Vahatra, Antananarivo, Madagascar.,Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA
| | - Dana Al Halabi
- Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Beza Ramasindrazana
- Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France.,Association Vahatra, Antananarivo, Madagascar.,Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo 101, BP 1274, Ambatofotsikely, Madagascar
| | - Erwan Lagadec
- Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Gildas Le Minter
- Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Marie Köster
- Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | | | - M Corrie Schoeman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa
| | | | - Patrick Mavingui
- Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Camille Lebarbenchon
- Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
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