1
|
Shen X, Wang S, Hao Y, Fu Y, Ren L, Li D, Tang W, Li J, Chen R, Zhu M, Wang S, Liu Y, Shao Y. DNA vaccine prime and replicating vaccinia vaccine boost induce robust humoral and cellular immune responses against MERS-CoV in mice. Virol Sin 2024:S1995-820X(24)00073-7. [PMID: 38768713 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
As of December 2022, 2603 laboratory-identified Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections and 935 associated deaths, with a mortality rate of 36%, had been reported to the World Health Organization (WHO). However, there are still no vaccines for MERS-CoV, which makes the prevention and control of MERS-CoV difficult. In this study, we generated two DNA vaccine candidates by integrating MERS-CoV Spike (S) gene into a replicating Vaccinia Tian Tan (VTT) vector. Compared to homologous immunization with either vaccine, mice immunized with DNA vaccine prime and VTT vaccine boost exhibited much stronger and durable humoral and cellular immune responses. The immunized mice produced robust binding antibodies and broad neutralizing antibodies against the EMC2012, England1 and KNIH strains of MERS-CoV. Prime-Boost immunization also induced strong MERS-S specific T cells responses, with high memory and poly-functional (CD107a-IFN-γ-TNF-α) effector CD8+ T cells. In conclusion, the research demonstrated that DNA-Prime/VTT-Boost strategy could elicit robust and balanced humoral and cellular immune responses against MERS-CoV-S. This study not only provides a promising set of MERS-CoV vaccine candidates, but also proposes a heterologous sequential immunization strategy worthy of further development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yanling Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuyu Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Li Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wenqi Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ran Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Meiling Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ying Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yiming Shao
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Muangnoicharoen S, Wiangcharoen R, Lawpoolsri S, Nanthapisal S, Jongkaewwattana A, Duangdee C, Kamolratanakul S, Luvira V, Thanthamnu N, Chantratita N, Thitithanyanont A, Anh Wartel T, Excler JL, Ryser MF, Leong C, Mak TK, Pitisuttithum P. Heterologous Ad26.COV2.S booster after primary BBIBP-CorV vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection: 1-year follow-up of a phase 1/2 open-label trial. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(24)00556-5. [PMID: 38744598 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inactivated whole-virus vaccination elicits immune responses to both SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) proteins, like natural infections. A heterologous Ad26.COV2.S booster given at two different intervals after primary BBIBP-CorV vaccination was safe and immunogenic at days 28 and 84, with higher immune responses observed after the longer pre-boost interval. We describe booster-specific and hybrid immune responses over 1 year. METHODS This open-label phase 1/2 study was conducted in healthy Thai adults aged ≥ 18 years who had completed primary BBIBP-CorV primary vaccination between 90-240 (Arm A1; n = 361) or 45-75 days (Arm A2; n = 104) before enrolment. All received an Ad26.COV2.S booster. We measured anti-S and anti-N IgG antibodies by Elecsys®, neutralizing antibodies by SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus neutralization assay, and T-cell responses by quantitative interferon (IFN)-γ release assay. Immune responses were evaluated in the baseline-seronegative population (pre-booster anti-N < 1.4 U/mL; n = 241) that included the booster-effect subgroup (anti-N < 1.4 U/mL at each visit) and the hybrid-immunity subgroup (anti-N ≥ 1.4 U/mL and/or SARS-CoV-2 infection, irrespective of receiving non-study COVID-19 boosters). RESULTS In Arm A1 of the booster-effect subgroup, anti-S GMCs were 131-fold higher than baseline at day 336; neutralizing responses against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 were 5-fold higher than baseline at day 168; 4-fold against Omicron BA.2 at day 84. IFN-γ remained approximately 4-fold higher than baseline at days 168 and 336 in 18-59-year-olds. Booster-specific responses trended lower in Arm A2. In the hybrid-immunity subgroup at day 336, anti-S GMCs in A1 were 517-fold higher than baseline; neutralizing responses against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron BA.2 were 28- and 31-fold higher, respectively, and IFN-γ was approximately 14-fold higher in 18-59-year-olds at day 336. Durable immune responses trended lower in ≥ 60-year-olds. CONCLUSION A heterologous Ad26.COV2.S booster after primary BBIBP-CorV vaccination induced booster-specific immune responses detectable up to 1 year that were higher in participants with hybrid immunity. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT05109559.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sant Muangnoicharoen
- Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Saranath Lawpoolsri
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical and Public Health Informatics (BIOPHICS), Bangkok, Thailand; Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sira Nanthapisal
- Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Anan Jongkaewwattana
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Chatnapa Duangdee
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Viravarn Luvira
- Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narumon Thanthamnu
- Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - T Anh Wartel
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Chloe Leong
- Janssen Asia Pacific Medical Affairs Operations, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tippi K Mak
- Centre of Regulatory Excellence, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Punnee Pitisuttithum
- Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Balducci M, Locatelli E, Barbieri MG, Ferrighi E, Scardina S, Barrile G, Sganga F, Mattioli I, Remelli F, Maggi S, Volpato S, Trevisan C. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and risk of infectious diseases in hospitalized older patients. Eur Geriatr Med 2024; 15:509-517. [PMID: 38182805 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-023-00902-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vaccinations, for example flu vaccine, may be a cause of cross-reactive immunostimulation that prevents a larger spectrum of infections. However, whether SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations may also determine this effect is unclear. This study aims, first, to assess the incidence of infections at hospital admission and during the hospitalization in older inpatients vaccinated and unvaccinated against SARS-CoV-2; second, to compare length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. METHODS This retrospective study included 754 older inpatients admitted to the Geriatrics and Orthogeriatrics Units of the University Hospital of Ferrara (Italy) between March 2021 and November 2021. Sociodemographic and health-related data, and the diagnosis of infections at hospital admission and during hospitalization were collected from medical records. RESULTS The sample's mean age was 87.2 years, 59.2% were females, and 75.5% were vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccinated individuals had 36% lower odds of intra-hospital infections (OR = 0.64, 95%CI 0.44-0.94) and 39% lower in-hospital death (HR = 0.61, 95%CI 0.39-0.95), also after adjusting for potential confounders, while no significant results emerged about infections at hospital admission. Considering the hospitalization's endpoints, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was associated with a lower probability of being transferred to long-term care or other hospital departments than returning home (OR = 0.63, 95%CI 0.40-0.99). CONCLUSIONS In older inpatients, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination seems to be associated with a lower likelihood of intra-hospital infectious diseases not caused by SARS-CoV-2 and all-cause in-hospital mortality. The vaccination coverage in the older population could limit not only the onset and severity of COVID-19 but also the occurrence of other infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Balducci
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124, Ferrara, Italy
- Geriatrics and Orthogeriatrics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Edoardo Locatelli
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124, Ferrara, Italy
- Geriatrics and Orthogeriatrics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Giorgia Barbieri
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124, Ferrara, Italy
- Geriatrics and Orthogeriatrics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Ferrighi
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124, Ferrara, Italy
- Geriatrics and Orthogeriatrics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Serena Scardina
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124, Ferrara, Italy
- Geriatrics and Orthogeriatrics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Barrile
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124, Ferrara, Italy
- Geriatrics and Orthogeriatrics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federica Sganga
- Geriatrics and Orthogeriatrics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Irene Mattioli
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124, Ferrara, Italy
- Geriatrics and Orthogeriatrics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Remelli
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Stefania Maggi
- Institute of Neuroscience - Aging Branch, National Research Council, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Volpato
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124, Ferrara, Italy
- Geriatrics and Orthogeriatrics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Caterina Trevisan
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124, Ferrara, Italy
- Geriatrics and Orthogeriatrics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ogunjinmi OD, Abdullahi T, Somji RA, Bevan CL, Barclay WS, Temperton N, Brooke GN, Giotis ES. The antiviral potential of the antiandrogen enzalutamide and the viral-androgen signaling interplay in seasonal coronaviruses. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29540. [PMID: 38529542 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The sex disparity in COVID-19 outcomes with males generally faring worse than females has been associated with the androgen-regulated expression of the protease TMPRSS2 and the cell receptor ACE2 in the lung and fueled interest in antiandrogens as potential antivirals. In this study, we explored enzalutamide, an antiandrogen used commonly to treat prostate cancer, as a potential antiviral against the human coronaviruses which cause seasonal respiratory infections (HCoV-NL63, -229E, and -OC43). Using lentivirus-pseudotyped and authentic HCoV, we report that enzalutamide reduced 229E and NL63 entry and infection in both TMPRSS2- and nonexpressing immortalized cells, suggesting a TMPRSS2-independent mechanism. However, no effect was observed against OC43. To decipher this distinction, we performed RNA-sequencing analysis on 229E- and OC43-infected primary human airway cells. Our results show a significant induction of androgen-responsive genes by 229E compared to OC43 at 24 and 72 h postinfection. The virus-mediated effect on AR-signaling was further confirmed with a consensus androgen response element-driven luciferase assay in androgen-depleted MRC-5 cells. Specifically, 229E induced luciferase-reporter activity in the presence and absence of the synthetic androgen mibolerone, while OC43 inhibited induction. These findings highlight a complex interplay between viral infections and androgen-signaling, offering insights for disparities in viral outcomes and antiviral interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tukur Abdullahi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Riaz-Ali Somji
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Charlotte L Bevan
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Wendy S Barclay
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nigel Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham, UK
| | - Greg N Brooke
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Efstathios S Giotis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Prelog M, Jeske SD, Asam C, Fuchs A, Wieser A, Gall C, Wytopil M, Mueller-Schmucker SM, Beileke S, Goekkaya M, Kling E, Geldmacher C, Rubio-Acero R, Plank M, Christa C, Willmann A, Vu M, Einhauser S, Weps M, Lampl BMJ, Almanzar G, Kousha K, Schwägerl V, Liebl B, Weber B, Drescher J, Scheidt J, Gefeller O, Messmann H, Protzer U, Liese J, Hoelscher M, Wagner R, Überla K, Steininger P. Clinical and immunological benefits of full primary COVID-19 vaccination in individuals with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections: A prospective cohort study in non-hospitalized adults. J Clin Virol 2024; 170:105622. [PMID: 38091664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) may result in breakthrough infections (BTIs) in vaccinated individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of full primary (two-dose) COVID-19 vaccination with wild-type-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines on symptoms and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 VOC BTIs. METHODS In a longitudinal multicenter controlled cohort study in Bavaria, Germany, COVID-19 vaccinated and unvaccinated non-hospitalized individuals were prospectively enrolled within 14 days of a PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Individuals were visited weekly up to 4 times, performing a structured record of medical data and viral load assessment. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody response was characterized by anti-spike-(S)- and anti-nucleocapsid-(N)-antibody concentrations, anti-S-IgG avidity and neutralization capacity. RESULTS A total of 300 individuals (212 BTIs, 88 non-BTIs) were included with VOC Alpha or Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections. Full primary COVID-19 vaccination provided a significant effectiveness against five symptoms (relative risk reduction): fever (33 %), cough (21 %), dysgeusia (22 %), dizziness (52 %) and nausea/vomiting (48 %). Full primary vaccinated individuals showed significantly higher 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC50) values against the infecting VOC compared to unvaccinated individuals at week 1 (269 vs. 56, respectively), and weeks 5-7 (1,917 vs. 932, respectively) with significantly higher relative anti-S-IgG avidity (78% vs. 27 % at week 4, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Full primary COVID-19 vaccination reduced symptom frequencies in non-hospitalized individuals with BTIs and elicited a more rapid and longer lasting neutralization capacity against the infecting VOC compared to unvaccinated individuals. These results support the recommendation to offer at least full primary vaccination to all adults to reduce disease severity caused by immune escape-variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Prelog
- Pediatric Rheumatology / Special Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Samuel D Jeske
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Asam
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andre Fuchs
- Internal Medicine III - Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Wieser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Gall
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Monika Wytopil
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sandra M Mueller-Schmucker
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Beileke
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mehmet Goekkaya
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Institute of Environmental Medicine Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kling
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christof Geldmacher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Raquel Rubio-Acero
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Plank
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Catharina Christa
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Annika Willmann
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Vu
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Einhauser
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Manuela Weps
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt M J Lampl
- Regensburg Department of Public Health, Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Giovanni Almanzar
- Pediatric Rheumatology / Special Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kimia Kousha
- Pediatric Rheumatology / Special Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Valeria Schwägerl
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Liebl
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Beatrix Weber
- Institute for Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Hof, Hof, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Scheidt
- Institute for Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Hof, Hof, Germany
| | - Olaf Gefeller
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helmut Messmann
- Internal Medicine III - Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany; Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany, and German Center for Infection Research, Munich partner site
| | - Johannes Liese
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hoelscher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Überla
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Steininger
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vishwanath S, Carnell GW, Ferrari M, Asbach B, Billmeier M, George C, Sans MS, Nadesalingam A, Huang CQ, Paloniemi M, Stewart H, Chan A, Wells DA, Neckermann P, Peterhoff D, Einhauser S, Cantoni D, Neto MM, Jordan I, Sandig V, Tonks P, Temperton N, Frost S, Sohr K, Ballesteros MTL, Arbabi F, Geiger J, Dohmen C, Plank C, Kinsley R, Wagner R, Heeney JL. A computationally designed antigen eliciting broad humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 and related sarbecoviruses. Nat Biomed Eng 2023:10.1038/s41551-023-01094-2. [PMID: 37749309 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The threat of spillovers of coronaviruses associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) from animals to humans necessitates vaccines that offer broader protection from sarbecoviruses. By leveraging a viral-genome-informed computational method for selecting immune-optimized and structurally engineered antigens, here we show that a single antigen based on the receptor binding domain of the spike protein of sarbecoviruses elicits broad humoral responses against SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, WIV16 and RaTG13 in mice, rabbits and guinea pigs. When administered as a DNA immunogen or by a vector based on a modified vaccinia virus Ankara, the optimized antigen induced vaccine protection from the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 in mice genetically engineered to express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and primed by a viral-vector vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2. A vaccine formulation incorporating mRNA coding for the optimized antigen further validated its broad immunogenicity. Vaccines that elicit broad immune responses across subgroups of coronaviruses may counteract the threat of zoonotic spillovers of betacoronaviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Vishwanath
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - George William Carnell
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Benedikt Asbach
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martina Billmeier
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte George
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Suau Sans
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Angalee Nadesalingam
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chloe Qingzhou Huang
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Minna Paloniemi
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hazel Stewart
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Chan
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Patrick Neckermann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - David Peterhoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Einhauser
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Diego Cantoni
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Chatham, UK
| | - Martin Mayora Neto
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Chatham, UK
| | | | | | - Paul Tonks
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nigel Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Chatham, UK
| | - Simon Frost
- DIOSynVax Ltd, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Microsoft Health Futures, Redmond, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rebecca Kinsley
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- DIOSynVax Ltd, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ralf Wagner
- DIOSynVax Ltd, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Luke Heeney
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- DIOSynVax Ltd, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Muangnoicharoen S, Wiangcharoen R, Nanthapisal S, Kamolratakul S, Lawpoolsri S, Jongkaewwattana A, Thitithanyanont A, Luvira V, Chinwangso P, Thanthamnu N, Chantratita N, Lim JK, Anh Wartel T, Excler JL, Ryser MF, Leong C, Mak TK, Pitisuttithum P. Single Ad26.COV2.S booster dose following two doses of BBIBP-CorV vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults: Day 28 results of a phase 1/2 open-label trial. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00718-1. [PMID: 37344265 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inactivated COVID-19 whole-virus vaccine BBIBP-CorV has been extensively used worldwide. Heterologous boosting after primary vaccination can induce higher immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 than homologous boosting. The safety and immunogenicity after 28 days of a single Ad26.COV2.S booster dose given at different intervals after 2 doses of BBIBP-CorV are presented. METHODS This open-label phase 1/2 trial was conducted in healthy adults in Thailand who had completed 2-dose primary vaccination with BBIBP-CorV. Participants received a single booster dose of Ad26.COV2.S (5 × 1010 virus particles) 90-240 days (Group A1; n = 360) or 45-75 days (Group A2; n = 66) after the second BBIBP-CorV dose. Safety and immunogenicity were assessed over 28 days. Binding IgG antibodies to the full-length pre-fusion Spike and anti-nucleocapsid proteins of SARS-CoV-2 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus neutralization assay and live virus microneutralization assay were used to quantify the neutralizing activity of antibodies against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-Hu-1) and the delta (B.1.617.2) and omicron (B.1.1.529/BA.1 and BA.2) variants. The cell-mediated immune response was measured using a quantitative interferon (IFN)-γ release assay in whole blood. RESULTS Solicited local and systemic adverse events (AEs) on days 0-7 were mostly mild, as were unsolicited vaccine-related AEs during days 0-28, with no serious AEs. On day 28, anti-Spike binding antibodies increased from baseline by 487- and 146-fold in Groups A1 and A2, and neutralizing antibodies against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 by 55- and 37-fold, respectively. Humoral responses were strongest against ancestral SARS-CoV-2, followed by the delta, then the omicron BA.2 and BA.1 variants. T-cell-produced interferon-γ increased approximately 10-fold in both groups. CONCLUSIONS A single heterologous Ad26.COV2.S booster dose after two BBIBP-CorV doses was well tolerated and induced robust humoral and cell-mediated immune responses measured at day 28 in both interval groups. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT05109559.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sant Muangnoicharoen
- Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Rakpong Wiangcharoen
- Phaholpolpayuhasena Hospital, 572 Saeng Chuto Road Muang, Kanchanaburi 71000, Thailand
| | - Sira Nanthapisal
- Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Supitcha Kamolratakul
- Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Saranath Lawpoolsri
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical and Public Health Informatics (BIOPHICS), Bangkok, Thailand; Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anan Jongkaewwattana
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | | | - Viravarn Luvira
- Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pailinrut Chinwangso
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical and Public Health Informatics (BIOPHICS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narumon Thanthamnu
- Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | | | - T Anh Wartel
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Chloe Leong
- Janssen Asia Pacific Medical Affairs Operations, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tippi K Mak
- Centre of Regulatory Excellence, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Punnee Pitisuttithum
- Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dong T, Wang M, Liu J, Ma P, Pang S, Liu W, Liu A. Diagnostics and analysis of SARS-CoV-2: current status, recent advances, challenges and perspectives. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6149-6206. [PMID: 37325147 PMCID: PMC10266450 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06665c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The disastrous spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has induced severe public healthcare issues and weakened the global economy significantly. Although SARS-CoV-2 infection is not as fatal as the initial outbreak, many infected victims suffer from long COVID. Therefore, rapid and large-scale testing is critical in managing patients and alleviating its transmission. Herein, we review the recent advances in techniques to detect SARS-CoV-2. The sensing principles are detailed together with their application domains and analytical performances. In addition, the advantages and limits of each method are discussed and analyzed. Besides molecular diagnostics and antigen and antibody tests, we also review neutralizing antibodies and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Further, the characteristics of the mutational locations in the different variants with epidemiological features are summarized. Finally, the challenges and possible strategies are prospected to develop new assays to meet different diagnostic needs. Thus, this comprehensive and systematic review of SARS-CoV-2 detection technologies may provide insightful guidance and direction for developing tools for the diagnosis and analysis of SARS-CoV-2 to support public healthcare and effective long-term pandemic management and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China
- School of Pharmacy, Medical College, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Junchong Liu
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Pengxin Ma
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Shuang Pang
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Wanjian Liu
- Qingdao Hightop Biotech Co., Ltd 369 Hedong Road, Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone Qingdao 266112 China
| | - Aihua Liu
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Del Rosario JMM, da Costa KAS, Temperton NJ. Pseudotyped Viruses for Influenza. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1407:153-173. [PMID: 36920696 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-0113-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an influenza hemagglutinin (HA) pseudotype (PV) library encompassing all influenza A (IAV) subtypes from HA1-HA18, influenza B (IBV) subtypes (both lineages), representative influenza C (ICV), and influenza D (IDV) viruses. These influenza HA (or hemagglutinin-esterase fusion (HEF) for ICV and IDV) pseudotypes have been used in a pseudotype microneutralization assay (pMN), an optimized luciferase reporter assay, that is highly sensitive and specific for detecting neutralizing antibodies against influenza viruses. This has been an invaluable tool in detecting the humoral immune response against specific hemagglutinin or hemagglutinin-esterase fusion proteins for IAV to IDV in serum samples and for screening antibodies for their neutralizing abilities. Additionally, we have also produced influenza neuraminidase (NA) pseudotypes for IAV N1-N9 subtypes and IBV lineages. We have utilized these NA-PV as surrogate antigens in in vitro assays to assess vaccine immunogenicity. These NA PV have been employed as the source of neuraminidase enzyme activity in a pseudotype enzyme-linked lectin assay (pELLA) that is able to measure neuraminidase inhibition (NI) titers of reference antisera, monoclonal antibodies, and postvaccination sera. Here we show the production of influenza HA, HEF, and NA PV and their employment as substitutes for wild-type viruses in influenza serological and neutralization assays. We also introduce AutoPlate, an easily accessible web app that can analyze data from pMN and pELLA quickly and efficiently, plotting inhibition curves and calculating half-maximal concentration (IC50) neutralizing antibody titers. These serological techniques coupled with user-friendly analysis tools are faster, safer, inexpensive alternatives to classical influenza assays while also offering the reliability and reproducibility to advance influenza research and make it more accessible to laboratories around the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Marie M Del Rosario
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Chatham, UK
| | - Kelly A S da Costa
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Chatham, UK
| | - Nigel J Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Chatham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Carnell GW, Billmeier M, Vishwanath S, Suau Sans M, Wein H, George CL, Neckermann P, Del Rosario JMM, Sampson AT, Einhauser S, Aguinam ET, Ferrari M, Tonks P, Nadesalingam A, Schütz A, Huang CQ, Wells DA, Paloniemi M, Jordan I, Cantoni D, Peterhoff D, Asbach B, Sandig V, Temperton N, Kinsley R, Wagner R, Heeney JL. Glycan masking of a non-neutralising epitope enhances neutralising antibodies targeting the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1118523. [PMID: 36911730 PMCID: PMC9995963 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1118523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The accelerated development of the first generation COVID-19 vaccines has saved millions of lives, and potentially more from the long-term sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The most successful vaccine candidates have used the full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as an immunogen. As expected of RNA viruses, new variants have evolved and quickly replaced the original wild-type SARS-CoV-2, leading to escape from natural infection or vaccine induced immunity provided by the original SARS-CoV-2 spike sequence. Next generation vaccines that confer specific and targeted immunity to broadly neutralising epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein against different variants of concern (VOC) offer an advance on current booster shots of previously used vaccines. Here, we present a targeted approach to elicit antibodies that neutralise both the ancestral SARS-CoV-2, and the VOCs, by introducing a specific glycosylation site on a non-neutralising epitope of the RBD. The addition of a specific glycosylation site in the RBD based vaccine candidate focused the immune response towards other broadly neutralising epitopes on the RBD. We further observed enhanced cross-neutralisation and cross-binding using a DNA-MVA CR19 prime-boost regime, thus demonstrating the superiority of the glycan engineered RBD vaccine candidate across two platforms and a promising candidate as a broad variant booster vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George W Carnell
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martina Billmeier
- Institute of Medical Microbiology & Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sneha Vishwanath
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Suau Sans
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Wein
- Institute of Medical Microbiology & Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte L George
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Neckermann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology & Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Alexander T Sampson
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Einhauser
- Institute of Medical Microbiology & Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ernest T Aguinam
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul Tonks
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Angalee Nadesalingam
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anja Schütz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology & Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Chloe Qingzhou Huang
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Minna Paloniemi
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ingo Jordan
- Applied Science & Technologies, ProBioGen AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diego Cantoni
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Chatham, United Kingdom
| | - David Peterhoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology & Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Asbach
- Institute of Medical Microbiology & Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Volker Sandig
- Applied Science & Technologies, ProBioGen AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nigel Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Chatham, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Kinsley
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,DIOSynVax, Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology & Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan L Heeney
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,DIOSynVax, Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
COVID-19 in children: epidemic issues and candidate vaccines. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:1314-1324. [PMID: 35830254 PMCID: PMC9433085 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A large-scale vaccination of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in adults has been conducted for nearly a year, and there is a growing recognition that immunization for children is also essential. It has been months since emergency use of pediatric COVID-19 vaccine was approved, we reviewed the prevalence and transmission of COVID-19 in children. The prevalence of COVID-19 in children is reduced due to vaccination even in a Delta prevalent period, so an increase in the vaccination rate is needed in children. Although the precise role of children in the transmission requires more research to uncover, they likely played a significant role, according to the available literature. We also described four candidate COVID-19 vaccines for children on their safety and immunogenicity and the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants on childhood vaccination. Safety issues on pediatric vaccines post-approval, like adverse events following immunization and adverse events of special interest require studies on long-term and effective regulatory mechanisms.
Collapse
|
12
|
Shrwani K, Sharma R, Krishnan M, Jones T, Mayora-Neto M, Cantoni D, Temperton NJ, Dobson SL, Subramaniam K, McNamara PS, Cunliffe NA, Turtle L, Zhang Q. Detection of Serum Cross-Reactive Antibodies and Memory Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Prepandemic and Post-COVID-19 Convalescent Samples. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1305-1315. [PMID: 34161567 PMCID: PMC8557674 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A notable feature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is that children are less susceptible to severe disease. Children are known to experience more infections with endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) compared to adults. Little is known whether HCoV infections lead to cross-reactive anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies. METHODS We investigated the presence of cross-reactive anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies to spike 1 (S1), S1-receptor-binding domain (S1-RBD), and nucleocapsid protein (NP) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and neutralizing activity by a SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus neutralization assay, in prepandemic sera collected from children (n = 50) and adults (n = 45), and compared with serum samples from convalescent COVID-19 patients (n = 16). RESULTS A significant proportion of children (up to 40%) had detectable cross-reactive antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 S1, S1-RBD, and NP antigens, and the anti-S1 and anti-S1-RBD antibody levels correlated with anti-HCoV-HKU1 and anti-HCoV-OC43 S1 antibody titers in prepandemic samples (P < .001). There were marked increases of anti-HCoV-HKU1 and - OC43 S1 (but not anti-NL63 and -229E S1-RBD) antibody titers in serum samples from convalescent COVID-19 patients (P < .001), indicating an activation of cross-reactive immunological memory to β-coronavirus spike. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated cross-reactive anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in prepandemic serum samples from children and young adults. Promoting this cross-reactive immunity and memory response derived from common HCoV may be an effective strategy against SARS-COV-2 and future novel coronaviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Shrwani
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary, and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ravi Sharma
- Ear Nose and Throat Department, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Madhan Krishnan
- Ear Nose and Throat Department, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Terry Jones
- Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Mayora-Neto
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Chatham, United Kingdom
| | - Diego Cantoni
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Chatham, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel J Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Chatham, United Kingdom
| | - Susan L Dobson
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary, and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Krishanthi Subramaniam
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary, and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Paul S McNamara
- Institute of Child Health, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel A Cunliffe
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary, and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lance Turtle
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary, and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Qibo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary, and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom,Correspondence: Qibo Zhang, MD, PhD, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary, and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Ronald Ross Building, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK ()
| |
Collapse
|