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Radion EI, Mukhin VE, Kholodova AV, Vladimirov IS, Alsaeva DY, Zhdanova AS, Ulasova NY, Bulanova NV, Makarov VV, Keskinov AA, Yudin SM. Functional Characteristics of Serum Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies against Delta and Omicron Variants after Vaccination with Sputnik V. Viruses 2023; 15:1349. [PMID: 37376648 DOI: 10.3390/v15061349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination leads to the production of neutralizing as well as non-neutralizing antibodies. In the current study, we investigated the temporal dynamics of both sides of immunity after vaccination with two doses of Sputnik V against SARS-CoV-2 variants Wuhan-Hu-1 SARS-CoV-2 G614-variant (D614G), B.1.617.2 (Delta), and BA.1 (Omicron). First, we constructed a SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus assay to assess the neutralization activity of vaccine sera. We show that serum neutralization activity against BA.1 compared to D614G is decreased by 8.16-, 11.05-, and 11.16- fold in 1, 4, and 6 months after vaccination, respectively. Moreover, previous vaccination did not increase serum neutralization activity against BA.1 in recovered patients. Next, we used the ADMP assay to evaluate the Fc-mediated function of vaccine-induced serum antibodies. Our results show that the antibody-dependent phagocytosis triggered by S-proteins of the D614G, B.1.617.2 and BA.1 variants did not differ significantly in vaccinated individuals. Moreover, the ADMP efficacy was retained over up to 6 months in vaccine sera. Our results demonstrate differences in the temporal dynamics of neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibody functions after vaccination with Sputnik V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta I Radion
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Schukinskaya 5, Building 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Vladimir E Mukhin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Schukinskaya 5, Building 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Alyona V Kholodova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Schukinskaya 5, Building 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Ivan S Vladimirov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Schukinskaya 5, Building 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Darya Y Alsaeva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Schukinskaya 5, Building 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Anastasia S Zhdanova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Schukinskaya 5, Building 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Natalya Y Ulasova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Schukinskaya 5, Building 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Natalya V Bulanova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Schukinskaya 5, Building 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Valentin V Makarov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Schukinskaya 5, Building 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Anton A Keskinov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Schukinskaya 5, Building 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Sergey M Yudin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Schukinskaya 5, Building 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
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Fu Y, Zhao J, Han P, Zhang J, Wang Q, Wang Q, Wei X, Yang L, Ren T, Zhan S, Li L. Cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review. J Evid Based Med 2023. [PMID: 37186130 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 vaccination strategy has been widely used to protect population health worldwide. This study aims to summarize the cost-effectiveness evidence of economic evaluation of COVID-19 vaccination strategies to provide evidence supporting the usage of COVID-19 vaccination, especially where the supply of COVID-19 vaccine is limited. METHODS A systematic literature review was performed by searching both English and Chinese databases, including PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and CNKI. Articles published from January 1, 2020 to August 1, 2022 (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022355442). RESULTS Of the 1035 papers identified, a total of 28 English studies that met the preset criteria were included. COVID-19 vaccination and booster vaccination were cost-effective or cost-saving regardless of the vaccine type; vaccine efficacy, vaccine price, vaccine supply or prioritization, and vaccination pace were the influential factors of cost-effectiveness among different population groups. When supply is adequate, mass vaccination should be encouraged, while when supply is inadequate, prioritizing the high risk and the elderly is more cost-effective. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 vaccination strategies are economically favorable in a wide range of countries and population groups, and further research on suitable strategies for booster COVID-19 vaccination is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqun Fu
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peien Han
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis MO, U.S., St. Louis, United States
| | - Qingbo Wang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Wei
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Ren
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyan Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China
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Romero-Ibarguengoitia ME, Rivera-Salinas D, Sarti R, Levi R, Mollura M, Garza-Silva A, Rivera-Cavazos A, Hernández-Ruíz YG, Barco-Flores IA, González-Cantú A, Sanz-Sánchez MÁ, Guimarães Júnior MH, Pozzi C, Barbieri R, Morales-Rodriguez DP, Texeira MM, Rescigno M. Efficacy of Six Different SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines during a Six-Month Follow-Up and Five COVID-19 Waves in Brazil and Mexico. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040842. [PMID: 37112754 PMCID: PMC10142281 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparisons among the different vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are important to understand which type of vaccine provides more protection. This study aimed to evaluate the real-life efficacy through symptomatic infection and the humoral response of six different vaccines against SARS-CoV-2-BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1-S, CoronaVac, Ad26.COV2, and Ad5-nCoV. This multicentric observational longitudinal study involved hospitals from Mexico and Brazil in which volunteers who received complete vaccination schemes were followed for 210 days after the last dose. SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1-2 IgG levels were taken before receiving the first vaccine, 21 days after each dose, and the last sample at six months (+/-1 month) after the last dose. A total of 1132 individuals exposed to five COVID-19 waves were included. All vaccines induced humoral responses, and mRNA vaccines had the highest antibody levels during follow-up. At six months, there was a decline in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1-2 IgG antibody titers of 69.5% and 36.4% in subjects with negative and positive history of infection respectively. Infection before vaccination and after complete vaccination scheme correlated with higher antibody titers. The predictors of infection were vaccination with CoronaVac compared to BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1-S. In the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, or dyslipidemia, CoronaVac lowered the risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Romero-Ibarguengoitia
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolas de los Garza 66450, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Diego Rivera-Salinas
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolas de los Garza 66450, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Riccardo Sarti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Levi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Maximiliano Mollura
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Electronic, Information and Bioengineering, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Arnulfo Garza-Silva
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolas de los Garza 66450, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Andrea Rivera-Cavazos
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolas de los Garza 66450, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | | | | | - Arnulfo González-Cantú
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolas de los Garza 66450, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Sanz-Sánchez
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolas de los Garza 66450, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | | | - Chiara Pozzi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Barbieri
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Electronic, Information and Bioengineering, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Devany Paola Morales-Rodriguez
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolas de los Garza 66450, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Mauro Martins Texeira
- Biochemistry and Immunology Department, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Rescigno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
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Pilati Campos IM, Marques M, Peiter GC, Brandalize APC, dos Santos MB, de Melo FF, Teixeira KN. Temporal pattern of humoral immune response in mild cases of COVID-19. World J Biol Chem 2023; 14:40-51. [PMID: 37034134 PMCID: PMC10080547 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v14.i2.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the humoral response pattern of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the essential factors to better characterize the immune memory of patients, which allows understanding the temporality of reinfection, provides answers about the efficacy and durability of protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and consequently helps in global public health and vaccination strategy. Among the patients who became infected with SARS-CoV-2, the majority who did not progress to death were those who developed the mild COVID-19, so understanding the pattern and temporality of the antibody response of these patients is certainly relevant.
AIM To investigate the temporal pattern of humoral response of specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) in mild cases of COVID-19.
METHODS Blood samples from 191 COVID-19 real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)-positive volunteers from the municipality of Toledo/ Paraná/Brazil, underwent two distinct serological tests, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and detection of anti-nucleocapsid IgG. Blood samples and clinicoepidemiological data of the volunteers were collected between November 2020 and February 2021. All assays were performed in duplicate and the manufacturers' recommendations were strictly followed. The data were statistically analyzed using multiple logistic regression; the variables were selected by applying the P < 0.05 criterion.
RESULTS Serological tests to detect specific IgG were performed on serum samples from volunteers who were diagnosed as being positive by RT-qPCR for COVID-19 or had disease onset in the time interval from less than 1 mo to 7 mo. The time periods when the highest number of participants with detectable IgG was observed were 1, 2 and 3 mo. It was observed that 9.42% of participants no longer had detectable IgG antibodies 1 mo only after being infected with SARS-CoV-2 and 1.57% were also IgG negative at less than 1 mo. At 5 mo, 3.14% of volunteers were IgG negative, and at 6 or 7 mo, 1 volunteer (0.52%) had no detectable IgG. During the period between diagnosis by RT-qPCR/symptoms onset and the date of collection for the study, no statistical significance was observed for any association analyzed. Moreover, considering the age category between 31 and 59 years as the exposed group, the P value was 0.11 for the category 31 to 59 years and 0.32 for the category 60 years or older, showing that in both age categories there was no association between the pair of variables analyzed. Regarding chronic disease, the exposure group consisted of the participants without any comorbidity, so the P value of 0.07 for the category of those with at least one chronic disease showed no association between the two variables.
CONCLUSION A temporal pattern of IgG response was not observed, but it is suggested that immunological memory is weak and there is no association between IgG production and age or chronic disease in mild COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milena Marques
- Campus Toledo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Toledo 85.919-899, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Campus Anísio Teixeira, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
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Gerhards C, Thiaucourt M, Hetjens M, Haselmann V, Neumaier M, Kittel M. Heterologous Vector-mRNA Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Strategy Appears Superior to a Homologous Vector-Based Vaccination Scheme in German Healthcare Workers Regarding Humoral SARS-CoV-2 Response Indicating a High Boosting Effect by mRNA Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:701. [PMID: 36992285 PMCID: PMC10054089 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal humoral SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2) immunity for up to 15 months due to vaccination, the efficacy of vaccination strategies (homologous, vector-vector versus heterologous, vector-mRNA), the influence of vaccination side effects, and the infection rate in German healthcare workers need to be investigated. METHODS In this study, 103 individuals vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled to examine their anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-N- and anti-RBD/S1-Ig levels. A total of 415 blood samples in lithium heparin tubes were prospectively obtained, and a structured survey regarding medical history, type of vaccine, and vaccination reactions was conducted. RESULTS All participants demonstrated a humoral immune response, among whom no values decreased below the positivity cutoff. Five to six months after the third vaccination, three participants showed anti-RBD/S1 antibodies of less than 1000 U/mL. We observed higher levels for heterologous mRNA-/vector-based combinations compared to pure vector-based vaccination after the second vaccination, which is harmonized after a third vaccination with the mRNA-vaccine only in both cohorts. The incidence of vaccine breakthrough in a highly exposed cohort was 60.3%. CONCLUSION Sustained long-term humoral immunity was observed, indicating the superiority of a heterologous mRNA-/vector-based combination compared to pure vector-based vaccination. There was longevity of anti-RBD/S1 antibodies of at least 4 and up to 7 months without external stimulus. Regarding vaccination reactogenity, the occurrence of local symptoms as pain at the injection site was increased after the first mRNA application compared to the vector-vector cohort with a general decrease in adverse events at later vaccination time points. Overall, a correlation between the humoral vaccination response and vaccination side effects was not observed. Despite the high prevalence of vaccine breakthroughs, these only occurred in the later course of the study when more infectious variants, which are, however, associated with milder courses, were present. These results provide insights into vaccine-related serologic responses, and the study should be expanded using additional vaccine doses and novel variants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Gerhards
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Margot Thiaucourt
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Hetjens
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health Baden-Württemberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Verena Haselmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Neumaier
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kittel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Gerhards C, Kittel M, Ast V, Bugert P, Froelich MF, Hetjens M, Haselmann V, Neumaier M, Thiaucourt M. Humoral SARS-CoV-2 Immune Response in COVID-19 Recovered Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Individuals Related to Post-COVID-Syndrome. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020454. [PMID: 36851668 PMCID: PMC9966735 DOI: 10.3390/v15020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The duration of anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibody detectability up to 12 months was examined in individuals after either single convalescence or convalescence and vaccination. Moreover, variables that might influence an anti-RBD/S1 antibody decline and the existence of a post-COVID-syndrome (PCS) were addressed. METHODS Forty-nine SARS-CoV-2-qRT-PCR-confirmed participants completed a 12-month examination of anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibody levels and PCS-associated long-term sequelae. Overall, 324 samples were collected. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was isolated and quantified from EDTA-plasma. As cfDNA is released into the bloodstream from dying cells, it might provide information on organ damage in the late recovery of COIVD-19. Therefore, we evaluated cfDNA concentrations as a biomarker for a PCS. In the context of antibody dynamics, a random forest-based logistic regression with antibody decline as the target was performed and internally validated. RESULTS The mean percentage dynamic related to the maximum measured value was 96 (±38)% for anti-RBD/S1 antibodies and 30 (±26)% for anti-N antibodies. Anti-RBD/S1 antibodies decreased in 37%, whereas anti-SARS-CoV-2-anti-N antibodies decreased in 86% of the subjects. Clinical anti-RBD/S1 antibody decline prediction models, including vascular and other diseases, were cross-validated (highest AUC 0.74). Long-term follow-up revealed no significant reduction in PCS prevalence but an increase in cognitive impairment, with no indication for cfDNA as a marker for a PCS. CONCLUSION Long-term anti-RBD/S1-antibody positivity was confirmed, and clinical parameters associated with declining titers were presented. A fulminant decrease in anti-SARS-CoV-2-anti-N antibodies was observed (mean change to maximum value 30 (±26)%). Anti-RBD/S1 antibody titers of SARS-CoV-2 recovered subjects boosted with a vaccine exceeded the maximum values measured after single infection by 235 ± 382-fold, with no influence on preexisting PCS. PCS long-term prevalence was 38.6%, with an increase in cognitive impairment compromising the quality of life. Quantified cfDNA measured in the early post-COVID-19 phase might not be an effective marker for PCS identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Gerhards
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Maximilian Kittel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Volker Ast
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Bugert
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias F. Froelich
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Hetjens
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Verena Haselmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Neumaier
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Margot Thiaucourt
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Schnizer C, Andreas N, Vivas W, Kamradt T, Baier M, Kiehntopf M, Glöckner S, Scherag A, Löffler B, Kolanos S, Guerra J, Pletz MW, Weis S. Persistent humoral and CD4 + T H cell immunity after mild SARS-COV-2 infection-The CoNAN long-term study. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1095129. [PMID: 36713390 PMCID: PMC9880277 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1095129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding persistent cellular and humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 will be of major importance to terminate the ongoing pandemic. Here, we assessed long-term immunity in individuals with mild COVID-19 up to 1 year after a localized SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. CoNAN was a longitudinal population-based cohort study performed 1.5 months, 6 months, and 12 months after a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a rural German community. We performed a time series of five different IgG immunoassays assessing SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses on serum samples from individuals that had been tested positive after a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and in control individuals who had a negative PCR result. These analyses were complemented with the determination of spike-antigen specific TH cell responses in the same individuals. All infected participants were presented as asymptomatic or mild cases. Participants initially tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection either with PCR, antibody testing, or both had a rapid initial decline in the serum antibody levels in all serological tests but showed a persisting TH cell immunity as assessed by the detection of SARS-CoV-2 specificity of TH cells for up to 1 year after infection. Our data support the notion of a persistent T-cell immunity in mild and asymptomatic cases of SARS-CoV-2 up to 1 year after infection. We show that antibody titers decline over 1 year, but considering several test results, complete seroreversion is rare. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00022416.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Schnizer
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital- Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Nico Andreas
- Institute of Immunology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Vivas
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital- Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany,Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital- Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Kamradt
- Institute of Immunology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Baier
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital- Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Kiehntopf
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics and Integrated Biobank Jena (IBBJ), Jena University Hospital- Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Glöckner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital- Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - André Scherag
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences, Jena University Hospital- Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Bettina Löffler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital- Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Steffi Kolanos
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital- Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Joel Guerra
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital- Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital- Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Mathias W. Pletz
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital- Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital- Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany,*Correspondence: Sebastian Weis, ; Mathias W. Pletz,
| | - Sebastian Weis
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital- Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany,Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital- Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany,*Correspondence: Sebastian Weis, ; Mathias W. Pletz,
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Fu Y, Zhao J, Wei X, Han P, Yang L, Ren T, Zhan S, Li L. Cost-Effectiveness of COVID-19 Sequential Vaccination Strategies in Inactivated Vaccinated Individuals in China. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1712. [PMID: 36298577 PMCID: PMC9610874 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To effectively prevent and control the COVID-19 pandemic, countries have adopted a booster vaccination strategy. This study aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of sequential booster COVID-19 vaccination compared to two-dose inactivated vaccination in China from a societal perspective. A Markov model was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of sequential vaccination, including two doses of an inactivated vaccine followed by a booster shot of an inactivated vaccine, adenovirus vectored vaccine, protein subunit vaccine, or mRNA vaccine. The incremental effects of a booster shot with an inactivated vaccine, protein subunit vaccine, adenovirus vectored vaccine, and mRNA vaccine were 0.0075, 0.0110, 0.0208, and 0.0249 QALYs and saved costs of US$163.96, US$261.73, US$583.21, and US$724.49, respectively. Under the Omicron virus pandemic, the sequential vaccination among adults and the elderly (aged 60-69, 70-79, over 80) was consistently cost-saving, and a booster shot of the mRNA vaccine was more cost-saving. The results indicate that the sequential vaccination strategy is cost-effective in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic, and improving vaccination coverage among the elderly is of great importance in avoiding severe cases and deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqun Fu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xia Wei
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Peien Han
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tao Ren
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Siyan Zhan
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liming Li
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing 100191, China
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9
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Addo IY, Dadzie FA, Okeke SR, Boadi C, Boadu EF. Duration of immunity following full vaccination against SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:200. [PMID: 36050781 PMCID: PMC9436729 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As vaccine roll-out continues across the globe as part of the efforts to protect humanity against SARS-CoV-2, concerns are increasingly shifting to the duration of vaccine-induced immunity. Responses to these concerns are critical in determining if, when, and who will need booster doses following full vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. However, synthesised studies about the durability of vaccine-induced immunity against SARS-CoV-2 are scarce. This systematic review synthesised available global evidence on the duration of immunity following full vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Methods We searched through Psych Info, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and WHO COVID-19 databases for relevant studies published before December 2021. Five eligibility criteria were used in scrutinising studies for inclusion. The quality of the included studies was assessed based on Joana Briggs Institute’s (JBI) Critical Appraisal tool and Cochrane’s Risk of Bias tool—version 2 (RoB 2), while the reporting of the results was guided by the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) guidelines. Results Twenty-seven out of the 666 identified studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings showed that vaccine-induced protection against SARS-CoV-2 infections builds rapidly after the first dose of vaccines and peaks within 4 to 42 days after the second dose, before waning begins in subsequent months, typically from 3 to 24 weeks. Vaccine-induced antibody response levels varied across different demographic and population characteristics and were higher in people who reported no underlying health conditions compared to those with immunosuppressed conditions. Conclusions Waning of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 begins as early as the first month after full vaccination and this decline continues till the sixth month when the level of immunity may not be able to provide adequate protection against SARS-CoV-2. While the evidence synthesised in this review could effectively inform and shape vaccine policies regarding the administration of booster doses, more evidence, especially clinical trials, are still needed to ascertain, with greater precision, the exact duration of immunity offered by different vaccine types, across diverse population characteristics, and in different vulnerability parameters. Registration The protocol for this review was pre-registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews [PROSPERO] (Registration ID: CRD420212818).
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10
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Menges D, Zens KD, Ballouz T, Caduff N, Llanas-Cornejo D, Aschmann HE, Domenghino A, Pellaton C, Perreau M, Fenwick C, Pantaleo G, Kahlert CR, Münz C, Puhan MA, Fehr JS. Heterogenous humoral and cellular immune responses with distinct trajectories post-SARS-CoV-2 infection in a population-based cohort. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4855. [PMID: 35982045 PMCID: PMC9386650 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32573-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand the development of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity over time, a detailed evaluation of humoral and cellular responses is required. Here, we characterize anti-Spike (S) IgA and IgG in a representative population-based cohort of 431 SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals up to 217 days after diagnosis, demonstrating that 85% develop and maintain anti-S responses. In a subsample of 64 participants, we further assess anti-Nucleocapsid (N) IgG, neutralizing antibody activity, and T cell responses to Membrane (M), N, and S proteins. In contrast to S-specific antibody responses, anti-N IgG levels decline substantially over time and neutralizing activity toward Delta and Omicron variants is low to non-existent within just weeks of Wildtype SARS-CoV-2 infection. Virus-specific T cells are detectable in most participants, albeit more variable than antibody responses. Cluster analyses of the co-evolution of antibody and T cell responses within individuals identify five distinct trajectories characterized by specific immune patterns and clinical factors. These findings demonstrate the relevant heterogeneity in humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 while also identifying consistent patterns where antibody and T cell responses may work in a compensatory manner to provide protection. The persistence of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 after recovery from infection is an indicator for subsequent protection against infection. Here the authors follow recovered patients and measure antibody and T cell responses and find that these two parts of the immune response may have different longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Menges
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kyra D Zens
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tala Ballouz
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Caduff
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Llanas-Cornejo
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hélène E Aschmann
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anja Domenghino
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Céline Pellaton
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Perreau
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Craig Fenwick
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian R Kahlert
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Christian Münz
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Milo A Puhan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jan S Fehr
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Dub T, Solastie A, Hagberg L, Liedes O, Nohynek H, Haveri A, Virta C, Vara S, Lasander M, Ekström N, Österlund P, Lind K, Valtonen H, Hemmilä H, Ikonen N, Lukkarinen T, Palmu AA, Melin M. High secondary attack rate and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in household transmission study participants, Finland 2020–2021. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:876532. [PMID: 35966873 PMCID: PMC9366099 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.876532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Household transmission studies offer the opportunity to assess both secondary attack rate (SAR) and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies over time. Methods In Spring 2020, we invited confirmed COVID-19 cases and their household members to four visits, where we collected nasopharyngeal and serum samples over 28 days after index case onset. We calculated SAR based on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAb) and assessed the persistence of NAb and IgG antibodies (Ab) against SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and nucleoprotein. Results SAR was 45% (39/87), including 35 symptomatic secondary cases. During the initial 28-day follow-up, 62% (80/129) of participants developed NAb. Of those that seroconverted, 90% (63/70), 85% (63/74), and 78% (45/58) still had NAb to early B-lineage SARS-CoV-2 3, 6, and 12 months after the onset of the index case. Anti-spike IgG Ab persisted in 100% (69/69), 97% (72/74), and 93% (55/59) of seroconverted participants after 3, 6, and 12 months, while anti-nucleoprotein IgG Ab levels waned faster, persisting in 99% (68/69), 78% (58/74), and 55% (39/71) of participants, respectively. Conclusion Following detection of a COVID-19 case in a household, other members had a high risk of becoming infected. NAb to early B-lineage SARS-CoV-2 persisted for at least a year in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Dub
- Infectious Disease Control and Vaccinations Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Solastie
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Anna Solastie,
| | - Lotta Hagberg
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Oona Liedes
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Nohynek
- Infectious Disease Control and Vaccinations Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Haveri
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Camilla Virta
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saimi Vara
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Lasander
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Ekström
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pamela Österlund
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Lind
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Military Medicine, Finnish Defence Forces, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Valtonen
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Hemmilä
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Military Medicine, Finnish Defence Forces, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Ikonen
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Lukkarinen
- Health Stations and Internal Medicine Clinic, Social and Health Care Sector, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arto A. Palmu
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Tampere, Finland
| | - Merit Melin
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
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12
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Choe PG, Hong J, Park J, Chang E, Kang CK, Kim NJ, Lee CH, Park WB, Oh MD. Persistent Antibody Responses up to 18 Months after Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:1224-1230. [PMID: 35299253 PMCID: PMC8992248 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Humoral immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may wane rapidly in persons recovered from mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but little is known about the longevity. Methods Serum samples were obtained 8, 12, and 18 months after infection from 20 patients with mild COVID-19. The binding activities of serum antibodies (IgA, IgG, and IgM) against SARS-CoV-2 antigens of the Wuhan-1 reference strain (wild-type) and the B.1.1.7, P.1, B.1.167.2, and B.1.1.529 variants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Neutralizing antibody titers were measured using a cytopathic effect-based live virus neutralization assay. Results Serum IgA and IgG antibodies against spike or receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 were detected for up to 18 months, and neutralizing antibodies persisted for 8 to 18 months after infection. However, any significant antibody responses against RBD proteins of SARS-CoV-2 variants were not observed, and median neutralizing antibody titers against the Delta variant at 8, 12, and 18 months were 8–11 fold lower than against wild-type viruses (P < .001). Conclusions Humoral immunity persisted for up to 18 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with mild COVID-19. Humoral immune activity against more recently circulating variants, however, was reduced in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyoeng Gyun Choe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Euijin Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Kyung Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Joong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Han Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Beom Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Don Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Jahn M, Korth J, Dorsch O, Anastasiou OE, Krawczyk A, Brochhagen L, van de Sand L, Sorge-Hädicke B, Tyczynski B, Witzke O, Dittmer U, Dolff S, Wilde B, Kribben A. Decline of Humoral Responses 6 Months after Vaccination with BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) in Patients on Hemodialysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020327. [PMID: 35214785 PMCID: PMC8878048 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed binding and neutralizing antibody titers up to 6 months after standard vaccination with BNT162b2 (two doses of 30 µg each) in SARS-CoV-2 naïve patients (n = 59) on hemodialysis. Humoral vaccine responses were measured before and 6, 12, and 24 weeks after the first vaccination. A chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) was used to quantify SARS-CoV-2 IgG against the spike glycoprotein. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing activity was tested against the wild-type virus. A multivariable binary regression model was used to identify risk factors for the absence of humoral immune responses at 6 months. At week 6, vaccine-specific seroconversion was detected in 96.6% of all patients with median anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgGs of 918 BAU/mL. At weeks 12 and 24, seroconversion rates decreased to 91.5% and 79.7%, and corresponding median binding antibody titers declined to 298 BAU/mL and 89 BAU/mL, respectively. Neutralizing antibodies showed a decay from 79.6% at week 6 to 32.8% at week 24. The risk factor with the strongest association for vanishing immune responses was low serum albumin (p = 0.018). Regarding vaccine-specific humoral responses 6 months after the standard BNT162b2 vaccination schedule, SARS-CoV-2 naïve patients receiving hemodialysis must be considered at risk of becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2 and being infectious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jahn
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (J.K.); (B.T.); (B.W.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Johannes Korth
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (J.K.); (B.T.); (B.W.); (A.K.)
| | - Oliver Dorsch
- KfH Kuratorium für Dialyse und Nierentransplantation e.V, Friesener Straße 37a, 96317 Kronach, Germany;
| | - Olympia Evdoxia Anastasiou
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 179, 45147 Essen, Germany; (O.E.A.); (U.D.)
| | - Adalbert Krawczyk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.K.); (L.B.); (L.v.d.S.); (O.W.); (S.D.)
| | - Leonie Brochhagen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.K.); (L.B.); (L.v.d.S.); (O.W.); (S.D.)
| | - Lukas van de Sand
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.K.); (L.B.); (L.v.d.S.); (O.W.); (S.D.)
| | - Burkhard Sorge-Hädicke
- KfH Kuratorium für Dialyse und Nierentransplantation e.V, Alfried-Krupp-Str. 43, 45131 Essen, Germany;
| | - Bartosz Tyczynski
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (J.K.); (B.T.); (B.W.); (A.K.)
| | - Oliver Witzke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.K.); (L.B.); (L.v.d.S.); (O.W.); (S.D.)
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 179, 45147 Essen, Germany; (O.E.A.); (U.D.)
| | - Sebastian Dolff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.K.); (L.B.); (L.v.d.S.); (O.W.); (S.D.)
| | - Benjamin Wilde
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (J.K.); (B.T.); (B.W.); (A.K.)
| | - Andreas Kribben
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (J.K.); (B.T.); (B.W.); (A.K.)
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14
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Gil-Manso S, Miguens Blanco I, López-Esteban R, Carbonell D, López-Fernández LA, West L, Correa-Rocha R, Pion M. Comprehensive Flow Cytometry Profiling of the Immune System in COVID-19 Convalescent Individuals. Front Immunol 2022; 12:793142. [PMID: 35069575 PMCID: PMC8771913 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.793142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 200 million people worldwide, with more than 4 million associated deaths. Although more than 80% of infected people develop asymptomatic or mild COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 can induce a profound dysregulation of the immune system. Therefore, it is important to investigate whether clinically recovered individuals present immune sequelae. The potential presence of a long-term dysregulation of the immune system could constitute a risk factor for re-infection and the development of other pathologies. Here, we performed a deep analysis of the immune system in 35 COVID-19 recovered individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 compared to 16 healthy donors, by flow cytometry. Samples from COVID-19 individuals were analysed from 12 days to 305 days post-infection. We observed that, 10 months post-infection, recovered COVID-19 patients presented alterations in the values of some T-cell, B-cell, and innate cell subsets compared to healthy controls. Moreover, we found in recovered COVID-19 individuals increased levels of circulating follicular helper type 1 (cTfh1), plasmablast/plasma cells, and follicular dendritic cells (foDC), which could indicate that the Tfh-B-foDC axis might be functional to produce specific immunoglobulins 10 months post-infection. The presence of this axis and the immune system alterations could constitute prognosis markers and could play an important role in potential re-infection or the presence of long-term symptoms in some individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Gil-Manso
- Laboratory of Immune-Regulation, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iria Miguens Blanco
- Department of Emergency, Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío López-Esteban
- Laboratory of Immune-Regulation, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Carbonell
- Laboratory of Immune-Regulation, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Andrés López-Fernández
- Service of Pharmacy, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lori West
- Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Transplant Institute and Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Alberta Transplant Institute and Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Alberta Transplant Institute and Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Alberta Transplant Institute and Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rafael Correa-Rocha
- Laboratory of Immune-Regulation, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marjorie Pion
- Laboratory of Immune-Regulation, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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