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Cong Y, Mucker EM, Perry DL, Dixit S, Kollins E, Byrum R, Huzella L, Kim R, Josleyn M, Kwilas S, Stefan C, Shoemaker CJ, Koehler J, Coyne S, Delp K, Liang J, Drawbaugh D, Hischak A, Hart R, Postnikova E, Vaughan N, Asher J, St Claire M, Hanson J, Schmaljohn C, Eakin AE, Hooper JW, Holbrook MR. Evaluation of a panel of therapeutic antibody clinical candidates for efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 in Syrian hamsters. Antiviral Res 2023; 213:105589. [PMID: 37003305 PMCID: PMC10060192 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic spurred the rapid development of a range of therapeutic antibody treatments. As part of the US government's COVID-19 therapeutic response, a research team was assembled to support assay and animal model development to assess activity for therapeutics candidates against SARS-CoV-2. Candidate treatments included monoclonal antibodies, antibody cocktails, and products derived from blood donated by convalescent patients. Sixteen candidate antibody products were obtained directly from manufacturers and evaluated for neutralization activity against the WA-01 isolate of SARS-CoV-2. Products were further tested in the Syrian hamster model using prophylactic (-24 h) or therapeutic (+8 h) treatment approaches relative to intranasal SARS-CoV-2 exposure. In vivo assessments included daily clinical scores and body weights. Viral RNA and viable virus titers were quantified in serum and lung tissue with histopathology performed at 3d and 7d post-virus-exposure. Sham-treated, virus-exposed hamsters showed consistent clinical signs with concomitant weight loss and had detectable viral RNA and viable virus in lung tissue. Histopathologically, interstitial pneumonia with consolidation was present. Therapeutic efficacy was identified in treated hamsters by the absence or diminution of clinical scores, body weight loss, viral loads, and improved semiquantitative lung histopathology scores. This work serves as a model for the rapid, systematic in vitro and in vivo assessment of the efficacy of candidate therapeutics at various stages of clinical development. These efforts provided preclinical efficacy data for therapeutic candidates. Furthermore, these studies were invaluable for the phenotypic characterization of SARS CoV-2 disease in hamsters and of utility to the broader scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cong
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Eric M Mucker
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Donna L Perry
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Saurabh Dixit
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Erin Kollins
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Russ Byrum
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Louis Huzella
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Robert Kim
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Mathew Josleyn
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Steven Kwilas
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Christopher Stefan
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Charles J Shoemaker
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jeff Koehler
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Susan Coyne
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Korey Delp
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Janie Liang
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - David Drawbaugh
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Amanda Hischak
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Randy Hart
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Elena Postnikova
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Nick Vaughan
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jason Asher
- Leidos Supporting Department of Health and Human Services, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC, 20024, USA
| | - Marisa St Claire
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jarod Hanson
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Connie Schmaljohn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Ann E Eakin
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jay W Hooper
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Michael R Holbrook
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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Blaurock C, Breithaupt A, Weber S, Wylezich C, Keller M, Mohl BP, Görlich D, Groschup MH, Sadeghi B, Höper D, Mettenleiter TC, Balkema-Buschmann A. Compellingly high SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility of Golden Syrian hamsters suggests multiple zoonotic infections of pet hamsters during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15069. [PMID: 36064749 PMCID: PMC9442591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Golden Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) are used as a research model for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Millions of Golden Syrian hamsters are also kept as pets in close contact to humans. To determine the minimum infective dose (MID) for assessing the zoonotic transmission risk, and to define the optimal infection dose for experimental studies, we orotracheally inoculated hamsters with SARS-CoV-2 doses from 1 * 105 to 1 * 10−4 tissue culture infectious dose 50 (TCID50). Body weight and virus shedding were monitored daily. 1 * 10−3 TCID50 was defined as the MID, and this was still sufficient to induce virus shedding at levels up to 102.75 TCID50/ml, equaling the estimated MID for humans. Virological and histological data revealed 1 * 102 TCID50 as the optimal dose for experimental infections. This compelling high susceptibility leading to productive infections in Golden Syrian hamsters must be considered as a potential source of SARS-CoV-2 infection for humans that come into close contact with pet hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Blaurock
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Angele Breithaupt
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler- Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Saskia Weber
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Claudia Wylezich
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Markus Keller
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Björn-Patrick Mohl
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Dirk Görlich
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin H Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Balal Sadeghi
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Dirk Höper
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Thomas C Mettenleiter
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anne Balkema-Buschmann
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
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