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Ulloa-Aguilar JM, Herrera Moro Huitron L, Benítez-Zeferino RY, Cerna-Cortes JF, García-Cordero J, León-Reyes G, Guzman-Bautista ER, Farfan-Morales CN, Reyes-Ruiz JM, Miranda-Labra RU, De Jesús-González LA, León-Juárez M. The Nucleolus and Its Interactions with Viral Proteins Required for Successful Infection. Cells 2024; 13:1591. [PMID: 39329772 PMCID: PMC11430610 DOI: 10.3390/cells13181591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuclear bodies are structures in eukaryotic cells that lack a plasma membrane and are considered protein condensates, DNA, or RNA molecules. Known nuclear bodies include the nucleolus, Cajal bodies, and promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies. These bodies are involved in the concentration, exclusion, sequestration, assembly, modification, and recycling of specific components involved in the regulation of ribosome biogenesis, RNA transcription, and RNA processing. Additionally, nuclear bodies have been shown to participate in cellular processes such as the regulation of transcription of the cell cycle, mitosis, apoptosis, and the cellular stress response. The dynamics and functions of these bodies depend on the state of the cell. It is now known that both DNA and RNA viruses can direct their proteins to nuclear bodies, causing alterations in their composition, dynamics, and functions. Although many of these mechanisms are still under investigation, it is well known that the interaction between viral and nuclear body proteins is necessary for the success of the viral infection cycle. In this review, we concisely describe the interaction between viral and nuclear body proteins. Furthermore, we focus on the role of the nucleolus in RNA virus infections. Finally, we discuss the possible implications of the interaction of viral proteins on cellular transcription and the formation/degradation of non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Ulloa-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antígenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (J.M.U.-A.); (L.H.M.H.); (R.Y.B.-Z.); (E.R.G.-B.)
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud (DCBS), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09310, Mexico
| | - Luis Herrera Moro Huitron
- Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antígenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (J.M.U.-A.); (L.H.M.H.); (R.Y.B.-Z.); (E.R.G.-B.)
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologícas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
| | - Rocío Yazmin Benítez-Zeferino
- Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antígenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (J.M.U.-A.); (L.H.M.H.); (R.Y.B.-Z.); (E.R.G.-B.)
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologícas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
| | - Jorge Francisco Cerna-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologícas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
| | - Julio García-Cordero
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Guadalupe León-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico;
| | - Edgar Rodrigo Guzman-Bautista
- Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antígenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (J.M.U.-A.); (L.H.M.H.); (R.Y.B.-Z.); (E.R.G.-B.)
| | - Carlos Noe Farfan-Morales
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana (UAM), Unidad Cuajimalpa, Mexico City 05348, Mexico;
| | - José Manuel Reyes-Ruiz
- Centro Médico Nacional “Adolfo Ruiz Cortines”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Veracruz 91897, Mexico;
| | - Roxana U. Miranda-Labra
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09310, Mexico;
| | | | - Moises León-Juárez
- Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antígenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (J.M.U.-A.); (L.H.M.H.); (R.Y.B.-Z.); (E.R.G.-B.)
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Longobardi C, Damiano S, Ferrara G, Esposito R, Montagnaro S, Florio S, Ciarcia R. Green tea extract reduces viral proliferation and ROS production during Feline Herpesvirus type-1 (FHV-1) infection. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:374. [PMID: 39175036 PMCID: PMC11340149 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline Herpesvirus type-1 (FHV-1) is a worldwide spread pathogen responsible for viral rhinotracheitis and conjunctivitis in cats that, in the most severe cases, can lead to death. Despite the availability of a variety of antiviral medications to treat this illness, mainly characterized by virostatic drugs that alter DNA replication, their use is often debated. Phytotherapeutic treatments are a little-explored field for FHV-1 infections and reactivations. In this scenario, natural compounds could provide several advantages, such as reduced side effects, less resistance and low toxicity. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential inhibitory effects of the green tea extract (GTE), consisting of 50% of polyphenols, on FHV-1 infection and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. RESULTS Crandell-Reese feline kidney (CRFK) cells were treated with different doses of GTE (10-400 µg/mL) during the viral adsorption and throughout the following 24 h. The MTT and TCID50 assays were performed to determine the cytotoxicity and the EC50 of the extract, determining the amounts of GTE used for the subsequent investigations. The western blot assay showed a drastic reduction in the expression of viral glycoproteins (i.e., gB and gI) after GTE treatment. GTE induced not only a suppression in viral proliferation but also in the phosphorylation of Akt protein, generally involved in viral entry. Moreover, the increase in cell proliferation observed in infected cells upon GTE addition was supported by enhanced expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL anti-apoptotic proteins. Finally, GTE antioxidant activity was evaluated by dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays. The ROS burst observed during FHV-1 infection was mitigated after GTE treatment, leading to a reduction in the oxidative imbalance. CONCLUSIONS Although further clinical trials are necessary, this study demonstrated that the GTE could potentially serve as natural inhibitor of FHV-1 proliferation, by reducing viral entry. Moreover, it is plausible that the extract could inhibit apoptosis by modulating the intrinsic pathway, thus affecting ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consiglia Longobardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animals Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino n. 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Sara Damiano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animals Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino n. 1, Naples, 80137, Italy.
| | - Gianmarco Ferrara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animals Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino n. 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Riccardo Esposito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animals Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino n. 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Serena Montagnaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animals Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino n. 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Salvatore Florio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animals Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino n. 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Roberto Ciarcia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animals Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino n. 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
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Ferrara G, Pagnini U, Parisi A, Amoroso MG, Fusco G, Iovane G, Montagnaro S. A pseudorabies outbreak in hunting dogs in Campania region (Italy): a case presentation and epidemiological survey. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:323. [PMID: 39026329 PMCID: PMC11256590 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudorabies is an infection of domestic and wild pigs that has occasionally been reported in dogs with fatal encephalitis. Hunting dogs are predisposed to pseudorabies exposure due to incorrect practices (administration of raw infected meat) or close contact with infected wild boars. This study described an outbreak of pseudorabies in two hunting dogs in the Campania region, southern Italy. CASE PRESENTATION Two hunting dogs were hospitalized after a hunting trip, with fever, itching, and self-inflicted lesions. Laboratory tests showed mild anemia and marked leukocytosis. Despite conservative therapy, both animals died 48 h after the presentation of symptoms. One of the carcasses was sent to the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production in Naples to confirm the suspicion of pseudorabies. DNA was extracted from different matrices and used as a template for real-time PCR to detect PRV. Several samples (brain, cerebellum, brainstem, lung, and liver) tested positive. Subsequent sequence analyses of glycoprotein E from DNA extracted from the brain stem revealed a sequence similarity to those described in previous cases of pseudorabies in dogs in Italy, France and Belgium. One month after the outbreak, blood samples were collected from 42 dogs belonging to the same hunting team and from 245 dogs (cohort population) living in the Campania region. All samples were tested with two commercial ELISAs to detect seroconversion against glycoproteins B and E. A seroprevalence of 19% was observed in the hunting team affected by the outbreak, while only 0.8% was observed in the regional dog population. CONCLUSIONS The data reported in this study demonstrate potential exposure to PRV by dead-end hosts, particularly hunting dogs. The sequencing results indicated the homogeneity of PRV strains circulating in the different Italian regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Ferrara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, Naples, 80137, Italy.
| | - Ugo Pagnini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Antonio Parisi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Amoroso
- Department of Animal Health-Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute n. 2, Naples, 80055, Italy
| | - Giovanna Fusco
- Department of Animal Health-Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute n. 2, Naples, 80055, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Iovane
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Serena Montagnaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, Naples, 80137, Italy
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Wang Y, Ma C, Wang S, Wu H, Chen X, Ma J, Wang L, Qiu HJ, Sun Y. Advances in the immunoescape mechanisms exploited by alphaherpesviruses. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1392814. [PMID: 38962133 PMCID: PMC11221368 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1392814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Alphaherpesviruses, categorized as viruses with linear DNA composed of two complementary strands, can potentially to induce diseases in both humans and animals as pathogens. Mature viral particles comprise of a core, capsid, tegument, and envelope. While herpesvirus infection can elicit robust immune and inflammatory reactions in the host, its persistence stems from its prolonged interaction with the host, fostering a diverse array of immunoescape mechanisms. In recent years, significant advancements have been achieved in comprehending the immunoescape tactics employed by alphaherpesviruses, including pseudorabies virus (PRV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), feline herpesvirus (FeHV), equine herpesvirus (EHV), and caprine herpesvirus type I (CpHV-1). Researchers have unveiled the intricate adaptive mechanisms existing between viruses and their natural hosts. This review endeavors to illuminate the research advancements concerning the immunoescape mechanisms of alphaherpesviruses by delineating the pertinent proteins and genes involved in virus immunity. It aims to furnish valuable insights for further research on related mechanisms and vaccine development, ultimately contributing to virus control and containment efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Wang
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caoyuan Ma
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xuanqi Chen
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinyou Ma
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Dash SR, Kundu A, Kundu CN. The role of viruses in cancer progression versus cancer treatment: A dual paradigm. Life Sci 2024; 341:122506. [PMID: 38373620 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Most human malignancies are attributed to exposure to infectious organisms such as viruses. Certain infections that can induce cancer can evade the immune system, leading to persistent inflammation that facilitates uncontrolled cell growth. Moreover, these pathogens can increase the likelihood of oncogenic transformation, leading to cancer development. Despite significant advancements in medicine, oncological research continues to seek innovative treatment techniques in light of the constraints imposed by traditional therapeutic agents. Virus-based therapy is a novel treatment method that has garnered significant interest due to its broad range of applications. Virotherapy employs oncolytic viruses that are genetically modified to target tumor cells specifically, undergo replication inside them and destroy the malignant cells. Additionally, this therapeutic approach elicits an anticancer response by boosting the patient's immune system. In addition, viruses are commonly employed as targeted delivery vectors for the precise transportation of various genes, medicinal compounds and immune-stimulating substances. Furthermore, virotherapy offers more excellent anticancer activity in combination with established treatment modalities such as immune therapy, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. This review presents a concise overview of the roles played by infectious agents, such as viruses in cancer progression. In addition, we have thoroughly summarized the advancements in utilizing viruses for their oncolytic properties in conjunction with established cancer treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, radiation and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somya Ranjan Dash
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Anushka Kundu
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Chanakya Nath Kundu
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India.
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Ferrara G, Iovane V, Moje N, Improda E, Iovane G, Pagnini U, Montagnaro S. Cattle exposure to bubaline herpesvirus (BuHV-1) in Southern Italy: A hidden threat for IBR eradication? Prev Vet Med 2024; 224:106116. [PMID: 38271923 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
There is sufficient evidence that both bovine herpesvirus (BoHV-1) and bubaline herpesvirus (BuHV-1) can overcome the species barrier represented by their respective hosts, cattle and buffalo. Although several studies have focused on the impact of BoHV-1 on buffalo, little is known about the impact of BuHV-1 on cattle. In this work, we evaluated the seroprevalence of BuHV-1 in the cattle population in an area where intensive buffalo farming is highly developed (Campania region, Italy). BuHV-1 seroprevalence of cattle sampled in this study was estimated to be 21.4% using a specific commercial ELISA for the detection of antibodies against glycoprotein E of the virus. Risk factor assessment by univariate analysis revealed a correlation between housing type and higher prevalence. Similarly, cattle housed with buffalo and adult animals had a higher likelihood of being seropositive. BoHV-1 vaccination did not prove to be a protective factor against BuHV-1 exposure. The role of age, grazing, and co-living with buffalo in influencing BuHV-1 exposure was also confirmed by multivariate analysis. All BuHV-1 positive animals were also tested with cross-serum neutralization aimed at evaluating the specific antibody titers against BoHV-1 and BuHV-1. We, therefore, assessed the potential cross-reaction between BoHV-1 and BuHV-1, the co-infection rate, and the agreement of the assays used. This study described the presence of BuHV-1 in the cattle population of the Campania region (Italy) and indicated the requirement to take BuHV-1 into consideration for any measures and control and/or eradication plans to be applied against BoHV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Ferrara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy.
| | - Valentina Iovane
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Nebyou Moje
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Elvira Improda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Iovane
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Ugo Pagnini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Montagnaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
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Ferrara G, Longobardi C, Sgadari MF, Restucci B, Iovane G, Ciarcia R, Pagnini U, Montagnaro S. Apoptosis is mediated by FeHV-1 through the intrinsic pathway and interacts with the autophagic process. Virol J 2023; 20:295. [PMID: 38087282 PMCID: PMC10716993 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02267-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although FeHV-1 is a primary feline pathogen, little is known about its interactions with host cells. Its relationship with several cellular pathways has recently been described, whereas its interplay with the apoptotic process, unlike other herpesviruses, has not yet been clarified. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether FeHV-1 induces apoptosis in its permissive cells, as well as the pathway involved and the effects of induction and inhibition of apoptosis on viral replication. METHODS Monolayers of CRFK cells were infected at different times with different viral doses. A cytofluorimetric approach allowed the quantification of cells in early and late apoptosis. All infections and related controls were also subjected to Western blot analysis to assess the expression of apoptotic markers (caspase 3-8-9, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, NF-κB). An inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK) and an inducer (ionomycin) were used to evaluate the role of apoptosis in viral replication. Finally, the expression of autophagy markers during the apoptosis inhibition/induction and the expression of apoptosis markers during autophagy inhibition/induction were evaluated to highlight any crosstalk between the two pathways. RESULTS FeHV-1 triggered apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Caspase 3 cleavage was evident 48 h after infection, indicating the completeness of the process at this stage. While caspase 8 was not involved, caspase 9 cleavage started 24 h post-infection. The expression of other mitochondrial damage markers also changed, suggesting that apoptosis was induced via the intrinsic pathway. NF- κB was up-regulated at 12 h, followed by a gradual decrease in levels up to 72 h. The effects of apoptosis inhibitors and inducers on viral replication and autophagy were also investigated. Inhibition of caspases resulted in an increase in viral glycoprotein expression, higher titers, and enhanced autophagy, whereas induction of apoptosis resulted in a decrease in viral protein expression, lower viral titer, and attenuated autophagy. On the other hand, the induction of autophagy reduced the cleavage of caspase 3. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we established how FeHV-1 induces the apoptotic process, contributing to the understanding of the relationship between FeHV-1 and this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Ferrara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, Naples, 80137, Italy.
| | - Consiglia Longobardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Sgadari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Brunella Restucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Iovane
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Roberto Ciarcia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Ugo Pagnini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Serena Montagnaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, Naples, 80137, Italy
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Ferrara G, Sgadari M, Longobardi C, Iovane G, Pagnini U, Montagnaro S. Autophagy up-regulation upon FeHV-1 infection on permissive cells. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1174681. [PMID: 37397000 PMCID: PMC10312237 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1174681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
FeHV-1 is a member of the Herpesviridae family that is distributed worldwide and causes feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR). Since its relationship with the autophagic process has not yet been elucidated, the aim of this work was to evaluate the autophagy mediated by FeHV-1 and to determine its proviral or antiviral role. Our data showed that autophagy is induced by FeHV-1 in a viral dose and time-dependent manner. Phenotypic changes in LC3/p62 axis (increase of LC3-II and degradation of p62) were detected from 12 h post infection using western blot and immuno-fluorescence assays. In a second step, by using late autophagy inhibitors and inducers, the possible proviral role of autophagy during FeHV-1 infection was investigating by assessing the effects of each chemical in terms of viral yield, cytotoxic effects, and expression of viral glycoproteins. Our findings suggest that late-stage autophagy inhibitors (bafilomycin and chloroquine) have a negative impact on viral replication. Interestingly, we observed an accumulation of gB, a viral protein, when cells were pretreated with bafilomycin, whereas the opposite effect was observed when an autophagy inducer was used. The importance of autophagy during FeHV-1 infection was further supported by the results obtained with ATG5 siRNA. In summary, this study demonstrates FeHV-1-mediated autophagy induction, its proviral role, and the negative impact of late autophagy inhibitors on viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Ferrara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariafrancesca Sgadari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Consiglia Longobardi
- Department of Mental, Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Iovane
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ugo Pagnini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Montagnaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Ambrosio MR, Migliaccio T, Napolitano F, Di Somma S, Maneli G, Amato J, Pagano B, Randazzo A, Portella G, Formisano P, Malfitano AM. Targeting G-quadruplex motifs interferes with differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:98. [PMID: 37076894 PMCID: PMC10116735 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03320-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND G-quadruplex (G4) motifs are nucleic acid secondary structures observed in mammalian genomes and transcriptomes able to regulate various cellular processes. Several small molecules have been developed so far to modulate G4 stability, frequently associated with anticancer activity. However, how G4 structures are regulated over homeostatic conditions is mostly unexplored. Here, we used human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) to address the role of G4 motifs during adipogenic differentiation. METHODS Adipocyte differentiation of ASCs was investigated in the presence or absence of a well-known G4 ligand, Braco-19. Cell viability was determined by sulforhodamine B assay. Cell dimension and granularity, DNA G4 motifs and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry. Lipid droplet accumulation was assessed by Oil Red O staining. Cell senescence was evaluated by β-galactosidase staining. Gene expression was measured by qPCR. Protein release in the extracellular medium was quantified by ELISA. RESULTS Braco-19 used at non-cytotoxic concentrations induced morphological changes in mature adipocytes partially restoring an undifferentiated-like status. Braco-19 reduced lipid vacuolization and PPARG, AP2, LEP and TNFA mRNA levels in terminally differentiated cells. No effect was observed in cell senescence, fibrotic markers, IL-6 and IL-8 production, while the secretion of VEGF was dose-dependently reduced. Interestingly, G4 structures were increased in differentiated adipocytes compared to their precursors. Braco-19 treatment reduced G4 content in mature adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlight a new role of G4 motifs as genomic structural elements related to human ASC differentiation into mature adipocytes, with potential implications in physio-pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Ambrosio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Migliaccio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Napolitano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Sarah Di Somma
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maneli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Jussara Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Randazzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Portella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy.
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Malfitano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy.
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10
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Wu YY, Sun TK, Chen MS, Munir M, Liu HJ. Oncolytic viruses-modulated immunogenic cell death, apoptosis and autophagy linking to virotherapy and cancer immune response. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1142172. [PMID: 37009515 PMCID: PMC10050605 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1142172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have revealed that oncolytic viruses (OVs) play a significant role in cancer therapy. The infection of OVs such as oncolytic vaccinia virus (OVV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), parvovirus, mammalian reovirus (MRV), human adenovirus, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), avian reovirus (ARV), Orf virus (ORFV), inactivated Sendai virus (ISV), enterovirus, and coxsackievirus offer unique opportunities in immunotherapy through diverse and dynamic pathways. This mini-review focuses on the mechanisms of OVs-mediated virotherapy and their effects on immunogenic cell death (ICD), apoptosis, autophagy and regulation of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ying Wu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Kai Sun
- Tsairder Boitechnology Co. Ltd., Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Hung-Jen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Hung-Jen Liu,
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11
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Groeneveldt C, van den Ende J, van Montfoort N. Preexisting immunity: Barrier or bridge to effective oncolytic virus therapy? Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 70:1-12. [PMID: 36732155 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent a highly promising treatment strategy for a wide range of cancers, by mediating both the direct killing of tumor cells as well as mobilization of antitumor immune responses. As many OVs circulate in the human population, preexisting OV-specific immune responses are prevalent. Indeed, neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are abundantly present in the human population for commonly used OVs, such as Adenovirus type 5 (Ad5), Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1), Vaccinia virus, Measles virus, and Reovirus. This review discusses (pre)clinical evidence regarding the effect of preexisting immunity against OVs on two distinct aspects of OV therapy; OV infection and spread, as well as the immune response induced upon OV therapy. Combined, this review provides evidence that consideration of preexisting immunity is crucial in realizing the full potential of the highly promising therapeutic implementation of OVs. Future investigation of current gaps in knowledge highlighted in this review should yield a more complete understanding of this topic, ultimately allowing for better and more personalized OV therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christianne Groeneveldt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Jasper van den Ende
- Master Infection & Immunity, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nadine van Montfoort
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
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12
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Tang C, Li L, Mo T, Na J, Qian Z, Fan D, Sun X, Yao M, Pan L, Huang Y, Zhong L. Oncolytic viral vectors in the era of diversified cancer therapy: from preclinical to clinical. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1682-1701. [PMID: 35612653 PMCID: PMC9131313 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02830-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
With the in-depth research and wide application of immunotherapy recently, new therapies based on oncolytic viruses are expected to create new prospects for cancer treatment via eliminating the suppression of the immune system by tumors. Currently, an increasing number of viruses are developed and engineered, and various virus vectors based on effectively stimulating human immune system to kill tumor cells have been approved for clinical treatment. Although the virus can retard the proliferation of tumor cells, the choice of oncolytic viruses in biological cancer therapy is equally critical given their therapeutic efficacy, safety and adverse effects. Moreover, previously known oncolytic viruses have not been systematically classified. Therefore, in this review, we summarized and distinguished the characteristics of several common types of oncolytic viruses: herpes simplex virus, adenovirus, measles virus, Newcastle disease virus, reovirus and respiratory syncytial virus. Subsequently, we outlined that these oncolytic viral vectors have been transformed from preclinical studies in combination with immunotherapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and nanoparticles into clinical therapeutic strategies for various advanced solid malignancies or circulatory system cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Lan Li
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Tong Mo
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jintong Na
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhangbo Qian
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Dianfa Fan
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xinjun Sun
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Min Yao
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Lina Pan
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yong Huang
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Liping Zhong
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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13
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Sharawy I. Neuroimmune crosstalk and its impact on cancer therapy and research. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:80. [PMID: 35997976 PMCID: PMC9399329 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00547-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major health problem as it is the first or second leading cause of death worldwide. The global cancer burden is expected to rise 47% relative to 2020 cancer incidence. Recently, the fields of neuroscience, neuroimmunology and oncology have elaborated the neuroimmune crosstalk role in tumor initiation, invasion, progression, and metastases. The nervous system exerts a broad impact on the tumor microenvironment by interacting with a complex network of cells such as stromal, endothelial, malignant cells and immune cells. This communication modulates cancer proliferation, invasion, metastasis, induce resistance to apoptosis and promote immune evasion. This paper has two aims, the first aim is to explain neuroimmune crosstalk in cancer, tumor innervation origin and peripheral nervous system, exosomes, and miRNA roles. The second aim is to elaborate neuroimmune crosstalk impact on cancer therapy and research highlighting various potential novel strategies such as use of immune checkpoint inhibitors and anti-neurogenic drugs as single agents, drug repurposing, miRNA-based and si-RNA-based therapies, tumor denervation, cellular therapies, and oncolytic virus therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Sharawy
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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