1
|
Golzardi M, Hromić-Jahjefendić A, Šutković J, Aydin O, Ünal-Aydın P, Bećirević T, Redwan EM, Rubio-Casillas A, Uversky VN. The Aftermath of COVID-19: Exploring the Long-Term Effects on Organ Systems. Biomedicines 2024; 12:913. [PMID: 38672267 PMCID: PMC11048001 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) is a complicated disease that affects millions of people all over the world. Previous studies have shown that PASC impacts 10% of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients of which 50-70% are hospitalised. It has also been shown that 10-12% of those vaccinated against COVID-19 were affected by PASC and its complications. The severity and the later development of PASC symptoms are positively associated with the early intensity of the infection. RESULTS The generated health complications caused by PASC involve a vast variety of organ systems. Patients affected by PASC have been diagnosed with neuropsychiatric and neurological symptoms. The cardiovascular system also has been involved and several diseases such as myocarditis, pericarditis, and coronary artery diseases were reported. Chronic hematological problems such as thrombotic endothelialitis and hypercoagulability were described as conditions that could increase the risk of clotting disorders and coagulopathy in PASC patients. Chest pain, breathlessness, and cough in PASC patients were associated with the respiratory system in long-COVID causing respiratory distress syndrome. The observed immune complications were notable, involving several diseases. The renal system also was impacted, which resulted in raising the risk of diseases such as thrombotic issues, fibrosis, and sepsis. Endocrine gland malfunction can lead to diabetes, thyroiditis, and male infertility. Symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, loss of appetite, and taste were also among reported observations due to several gastrointestinal disorders. Skin abnormalities might be an indication of infection and long-term implications such as persistent cutaneous complaints linked to PASC. CONCLUSIONS Long-COVID is a multidimensional syndrome with considerable public health implications, affecting several physiological systems and demanding thorough medical therapy, and more study to address its underlying causes and long-term effects is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Golzardi
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnicka Cesta 15, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (M.G.); (J.Š.)
| | - Altijana Hromić-Jahjefendić
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnicka Cesta 15, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (M.G.); (J.Š.)
| | - Jasmin Šutković
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnicka Cesta 15, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (M.G.); (J.Š.)
| | - Orkun Aydin
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnicka Cesta 15, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (O.A.); (P.Ü.-A.)
| | - Pinar Ünal-Aydın
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnicka Cesta 15, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (O.A.); (P.Ü.-A.)
| | - Tea Bećirević
- Atrijum Polyclinic, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Elrashdy M. Redwan
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Alberto Rubio-Casillas
- Autlan Regional Hospital, Health Secretariat, Autlan 48900, Jalisco, Mexico;
- Biology Laboratory, Autlan Regional Preparatory School, University of Guadalajara, Autlan 48900, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hromić-Jahjefendić A, Lundstrom K, Adilović M, Aljabali AAA, Tambuwala MM, Serrano-Aroca Á, Uversky VN. Autoimmune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103508. [PMID: 38160960 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The complicated relationships between autoimmunity, COVID-19, and COVID-19 vaccinations are described, giving insight into their intricacies. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-Ro/SSA, rheumatoid factor, lupus anticoagulant, and antibodies against interferon (IFN)-I have all been consistently found in COVID-19 patients, indicating a high prevalence of autoimmune reactions following viral exposure. Furthermore, the discovery of human proteins with structural similarities to SARS-CoV-2 peptides as possible autoantigens highlights the complex interplay between the virus and the immune system in initiating autoimmunity. An updated summary of the current status of COVID-19 vaccines is presented. We present probable pathways underpinning the genesis of COVID-19 autoimmunity, such as bystander activation caused by hyperinflammatory conditions, viral persistence, and the creation of neutrophil extracellular traps. These pathways provide important insights into the development of autoimmune-related symptoms ranging from organ-specific to systemic autoimmune and inflammatory illnesses, demonstrating the wide influence of COVID-19 on the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Altijana Hromić-Jahjefendić
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnicka cesta 15, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | | | - Muhamed Adilović
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnicka cesta 15, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan.
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, Brayford Pool Campus, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK.
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Goodman LF, Yu PT, Guner Y, Awan S, Mohan A, Ge K, Chandy M, Sánchez M, Ehwerhemuepha L. Congenital anomalies and predisposition to severe COVID-19 among pediatric patients in the United States. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03076-9. [PMID: 38365873 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Congenital heart defects are known to be associated with increased odds of severe COVID-19. Congenital anomalies affecting other body systems may also be associated with poor outcomes. This study is an exhaustive assessment of congenital anomalies and odds of severe COVID-19 in pediatric patients. METHODS Data were retrieved from the COVID-19 dataset of Cerner® Real-World Data for encounters from March 2020 to February 2022. Prior to matching, the data consisted of 664,523 patients less than 18 years old and 927,805 corresponding encounters with COVID-19 from 117 health systems across the United States. One-to-one propensity score matching was performed, and a cumulative link mixed-effects model with random intercepts for health system and patients was built to assess corresponding associations. RESULTS All congenital anomalies were associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes, with the strongest association observed for cardiovascular anomalies (odds ratio [OR], 3.84; 95% CI, 3.63-4.06) and the weakest association observed for anomalies affecting the eye/ear/face/neck (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.03-1.31). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Congenital anomalies are associated with greater odds of experiencing severe symptoms of COVID-19. In addition to congenital heart defects, all other birth defects may increase the odds for more severe COVID-19. IMPACT All congenital anomalies are associated with increased odds of severe COVID-19. This study is the largest and among the first to investigate birth defects across all body systems. The multicenter large data and analysis demonstrate the increased odds of severe COVID19 in pediatric patients with congenital anomalies affecting any body system. These data demonstrate that all children with birth defects are at increased odds of more severe COVID-19, not only those with heart defects. This should be taken into consideration when optimizing prevention and intervention resources within a hospital.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura F Goodman
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA.
- University of California-Irvine Department of Surgery, Orange, CA, USA.
| | - Peter T Yu
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA
- University of California-Irvine Department of Surgery, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Yigit Guner
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA
- University of California-Irvine Department of Surgery, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Saeed Awan
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA
- University of California-Irvine Department of Surgery, Orange, CA, USA
| | | | - Kevin Ge
- Emory University, 201 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Louis Ehwerhemuepha
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA
- Chapman University, School of Computational and Data Sciences, Orange, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jalil MF, Ali A. The influence of meaningful work on the mental health of SME employees in the COVID-19 era: can coping strategies mediate the relationship? BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2435. [PMID: 38057782 PMCID: PMC10702016 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17347-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress, depression, and anxiety are prevalent issues among SME employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. Even while having meaningful work that expressively contributes to individual growth has been related to improving mental health, employees' work may also need to adopt coping strategies to increase outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between meaningful work (positive meaning, meaning-making, and greater good motivations) and mental health, as well as coping strategies (problem-focused and emotion-focused) as a mediator of this relationship. METHODS Meaningful work, coping strategies, and mental health were evaluated in empirical research based on a sample of 462 SME employees working in Malaysia. Structured questionnaires were used to collect the data and analyze it through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) using AMOS 21.0. RESULTS The findings of the study show the importance of meaningful work in influencing the mental health of SME employees, particularly during a crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic. This suggests that the more they value and see their work as meaningful, the more capable they are of dealing with limitations and mental health problems associated with crises. The study also discovered a partial mediating role for coping strategies between employees' mental health and meaningful work. CONCLUSION This study encourages employees to constantly feel connected and discover continued possibilities to work and learn even during crisis situations. In order to improve human resource efficiency in emerging markets, managers and owners of SMEs must implement the model developed by the researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farhan Jalil
- Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Azlan Ali
- Graduate School of Management, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hermans C, Astermark J, Carvalho M, Dolan G, d'Oiron R, Fontana P, Holme PA, Kenet G, Klamroth R, Mancuso ME, Marquardt N, Nunez R, Katsarou O, Pabinger-Fasching I, Quintavalle G, Rodgers R, van der Valk P, Windyga J, Jimenez Yuste V, Preložnik Zupan I. Prevalence of COVID-19 related hospitalizations and mortality in adults aged ≥40 years with haemophilia: A survey from Europe. Haemophilia 2023; 29:913-916. [PMID: 36802089 DOI: 10.1111/hae.14761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Hermans
- Division of Haematology, St-Luc University Hospital, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jan Astermark
- Department for Coagulation Disorders, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Manuela Carvalho
- Congenital Coagulopathies Reference Center, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, E.P.E., Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Roseline d'Oiron
- Reference Centre for Haemophilia and Other Congenital Rare Bleeding Disorders, Congenital Platelets Disorders and von Willebrand Disease, Bicêtre Hospital AP-HP, University Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Parma, France
| | - Pierre Fontana
- Division of Angiology and Hemostasis, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pål André Holme
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gili Kenet
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer& The Amalia Biron Thrombosis Research Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | | | - Natascha Marquardt
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Ingrid Pabinger-Fasching
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Quintavalle
- Regional Reference Centre for Inherited Bleeding Disorders, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Paul van der Valk
- Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jerzy Windyga
- Department of Hemostasis Disorders and Internal Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Irena Preložnik Zupan
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hromić-Jahjefendić A, Barh D, Uversky V, Aljabali AA, Tambuwala MM, Alzahrani KJ, Alzahrani FM, Alshammeri S, Lundstrom K. Can COVID-19 Vaccines Induce Premature Non-Communicable Diseases: Where Are We Heading to? Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020208. [PMID: 36851087 PMCID: PMC9960675 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the WHO, as of January 2023, more than 850 million cases and over 6.6 million deaths from COVID-19 have been reported worldwide. Currently, the death rate has been reduced due to the decreased pathogenicity of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, but the major factor in the reduced death rates is the administration of more than 12.8 billion vaccine doses globally. While the COVID-19 vaccines are saving lives, serious side effects have been reported after vaccinations for several premature non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, the reported adverse events are low in number. The scientific community must investigate the entire spectrum of COVID-19-vaccine-induced complications so that necessary safety measures can be taken, and current vaccines can be re-engineered to avoid or minimize their side effects. We describe in depth severe adverse events for premature metabolic, mental, and neurological disorders; cardiovascular, renal, and autoimmune diseases, and reproductive health issues detected after COVID-19 vaccinations and whether these are causal or incidental. In any case, it has become clear that the benefits of vaccinations outweigh the risks by a large margin. However, pre-existing conditions in vaccinated individuals need to be taken into account in the prevention and treatment of adverse events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Altijana Hromić-Jahjefendić
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnicka Cesta 15, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Debmalya Barh
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur 721172, India
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (K.L.)
| | - Vladimir Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alaa A. Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, Brayford Pool Campus, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Khalid J. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad M. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alshammeri
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kenneth Lundstrom
- PanTherapeutics, Route de Lavaux 49, CH1095 Lutry, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (K.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Michaud M, Dietz IC. The effects of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on children and youth with special health care needs. Front Pediatr 2023; 10:1007770. [PMID: 36683792 PMCID: PMC9853039 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1007770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This article seeks to review the current knowledge of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the health effects for children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN). COVID-19, an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), became a major pandemic in 2020. Recognition of the disease could be difficult, as symptoms in children are at times different than adults and can mimic other common childhood viral infections. Children with underlying medical conditions did make up a higher proportion of those hospitalized, but also were affected in other ways including loss of nursing support, missed education and rehabilitative services, and increased stress for themselves and their families, affecting mental health in this vulnerable population. This review seeks to address what is currently known about the overall effects on CYSHCN and their families, and identify gaps in research, including the implementation of health care systems, and possible suggestions for change in the educational and community supports for this group of individuals. Ongoing analysis of large national and international data sets, as well as smaller reports based on specific congenital anomaly, genetics disease, and acquired childhood illness, and then attention to local resources and family resilience is still necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mel Michaud
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Irene Cihon Dietz
- Department of Pediatrics, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Case Medical Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kocivnik N, Velnar T. A Review Pertaining to SARS-CoV-2 and Autoimmune Diseases: What Is the Connection? LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111918. [PMID: 36431053 PMCID: PMC9698792 DOI: 10.3390/life12111918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious viral disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is known that infection with SARS-CoV-2 can lead to various autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. There are few reports in the literature on the association between SARS-CoV-2 and autoimmune diseases, and the number of reports has been increasing since 2020. Autoimmune diseases and SARS-CoV-2 infections are intertwined in several ways. Both conditions lead to immune-mediated tissue damage, the immune response is accompanied by the increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines and both conditions can be treated using immunomodulatory drugs. Patients with certain autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, cardiac sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, autoimmune hepatitis, multiple sclerosis and others, are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, either because of the active autoimmune disease or because of the medications used to treat it. Conversely, SARS-CoV-2 infection can also cause certain autoimmune diseases. In this paper, we describe the development of autoimmune diseases after COVID-19 and the recovery from COVID-19 in people with autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kocivnik
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaz Velnar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|