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Vlaming-van Eijk LE, Bulthuis MLC, van der Gun BTF, Wold KI, Veloo ACM, Vincenti González MF, de Borst MH, den Dunnen WFA, Hillebrands JL, van Goor H, Tami A, Bourgonje AR. Systemic oxidative stress associates with the development of post-COVID-19 syndrome in non-hospitalized individuals. Redox Biol 2024; 76:103310. [PMID: 39163767 PMCID: PMC11381883 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) remains a major health issue worldwide, while its pathophysiology is still poorly understood. Systemic oxidative stress (OS) may be involved in PCS, which is reflected by lower circulating free thiols (R-SH, sulfhydryl groups), as they are receptive to rapid oxidation by reactive species. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal dynamics of serum R-SH after SARS-CoV-2 infection and its association with the development of PCS in individuals with mild COVID-19. METHODS Baseline serum R-SH concentrations were measured and compared between 135 non-hospitalized COVID-19 subjects and 82 healthy controls (HC). In COVID-19 subjects, serum R-SH concentrations were longitudinally measured during the acute disease phase (up to 3 weeks) and at 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up, and their associations with relevant clinical parameters were investigated, including the development of PCS. RESULTS Baseline albumin-adjusted serum R-SH were significantly reduced in non-hospitalized COVID-19 subjects as compared to HC (p = 0.041), reflecting systemic OS. In mild COVID-19 subjects, trajectories of albumin-adjusted serum R-SH levels over a course of 12 months were longitudinally associated with the future presence of PCS 18 months after initial infection (b = -9.48, p = 0.023). CONCLUSION Non-hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 show evidence of systemic oxidative stress, which is longitudinally associated with the development of PCS. Our results provide a rationale for future studies to further investigate the value of R-SH as a monitoring biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in the development of PCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa E Vlaming-van Eijk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marian L C Bulthuis
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bernardina T F van der Gun
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Karin I Wold
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alida C M Veloo
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - María F Vincenti González
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin H de Borst
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F A den Dunnen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Adriana Tami
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arno R Bourgonje
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, the Netherlands; The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
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Marra AM, Giardino F, Anniballo A, Ferazzoli S, Salzano A, Arcopinto M, D’Assante R, De Mare A, Esposito G, Saldamarco L, Rurgo S, Sarnelli G, Cittadini A. Beneficial Effects on Exercise Capacity Associated with a Combination of Lactoferrin, Lysozyme, Lactobacillus, Resveratrol, Vitamins, and Oligoelements in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A Single-Center Retrospective Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4444. [PMID: 39124710 PMCID: PMC11313403 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13154444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Although long-term COVID-19 symptoms are common, little is known about the management of post-COVID-19 condition. The aim of the current report is to evaluate the effects of a combination of lactoferrin, lysozyme, lactobacillus, resveratrol, vitamins, and oligoelements (PIRV-F20®) on the exercise capacity of post-COVID-19 patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis of consecutive patients referred to a specific outpatient clinic dedicated to post-COVID-19 condition from April 2022 to April 2023 was conducted. Subjects of both sexes, aged ≥18 years, with previous COVID-19 in the preceding 12 months, persistent symptoms consistent with post-COVID syndrome, and initial exercise impairment were included. Exclusion criteria were as follows: active cancer, end-stage conditions, severe musculoskeletal conditions, or patients with a history of limited functional capacity, pregnancy, or breastfeeding. Patients who reported having taken PIRV-F20® for at least 6 weeks were compared to patients who refused this treatment. Six-minute walking distance was the primary endpoint. Results: Forty-four patients (56.8% women, aged 49.1 ± 18.1 years) were included in the study. The group of patients who reported having taken PIRV-F20® exhibited a significant improvement of 6MWD (median: +40 m; IQR: 10-65 m, p vs. baseline: 0.02), which was significantly superior (p: 0.01) when compared to the controls (median: +10 m; IQR: -5-30 m). No differences were found with regard to muscular strength, echocardiographic parameters, and perception of symptoms. Conclusions: Post-COVID-19 individuals who reported having taken PIRV-F20® for at least six weeks showed a significant improvement in exercise capacity. This finding should be confirmed in larger, prospective, randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Maria Marra
- Division of Internal Medicine and Metabolism and Rehabilitation, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.M.M.); (F.G.); (A.A.); (S.F.); (A.S.); (M.A.); (A.D.M.); (G.E.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Center for Gender Medicine Research—GENESIS, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Federica Giardino
- Division of Internal Medicine and Metabolism and Rehabilitation, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.M.M.); (F.G.); (A.A.); (S.F.); (A.S.); (M.A.); (A.D.M.); (G.E.)
| | - Andrea Anniballo
- Division of Internal Medicine and Metabolism and Rehabilitation, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.M.M.); (F.G.); (A.A.); (S.F.); (A.S.); (M.A.); (A.D.M.); (G.E.)
| | - Simona Ferazzoli
- Division of Internal Medicine and Metabolism and Rehabilitation, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.M.M.); (F.G.); (A.A.); (S.F.); (A.S.); (M.A.); (A.D.M.); (G.E.)
| | - Andrea Salzano
- Division of Internal Medicine and Metabolism and Rehabilitation, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.M.M.); (F.G.); (A.A.); (S.F.); (A.S.); (M.A.); (A.D.M.); (G.E.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Gender Medicine Research—GENESIS, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Michele Arcopinto
- Division of Internal Medicine and Metabolism and Rehabilitation, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.M.M.); (F.G.); (A.A.); (S.F.); (A.S.); (M.A.); (A.D.M.); (G.E.)
| | - Roberta D’Assante
- Interdepartmental Center for Gender Medicine Research—GENESIS, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Andrea De Mare
- Division of Internal Medicine and Metabolism and Rehabilitation, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.M.M.); (F.G.); (A.A.); (S.F.); (A.S.); (M.A.); (A.D.M.); (G.E.)
| | - Giorgia Esposito
- Division of Internal Medicine and Metabolism and Rehabilitation, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.M.M.); (F.G.); (A.A.); (S.F.); (A.S.); (M.A.); (A.D.M.); (G.E.)
| | - Lavinia Saldamarco
- Department of Emergency Medicine, “Betania” Hospital, 80147 Naples, Italy;
| | - Sara Rurgo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Sarnelli
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Antonio Cittadini
- Division of Internal Medicine and Metabolism and Rehabilitation, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.M.M.); (F.G.); (A.A.); (S.F.); (A.S.); (M.A.); (A.D.M.); (G.E.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Center for Gender Medicine Research—GENESIS, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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Chen IW, Weng HL, Lai YC, Hung KC. Incidence of fatigue 2 years after SARS-CoV-2 infection: An updated meta-analysis and subgroup analysis. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29619. [PMID: 38623071 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- I-Wen Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Lan Weng
- Department of Anesthesiology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Lai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chuan Hung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan
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Mudgal SK, Patidar V, Kumar S, Kumar S, Gaur R, Agarwal R, Varikasuvu SR, Gupta P, Varshney S. Long-COVID-19 Impact in non-hospitalized patients: Sleep and quality of life 24 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:1384-1392. [PMID: 38827662 PMCID: PMC11141957 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1610_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Sleep disruption and reduced quality of life are common long coronavirus disease (COVID) manifestations, affecting survivors irrespective of initial COVID-19 severity. Limited research investigates symptoms beyond 24 months post-infection. We aimed to address this gap by longitudinally studying sleep patterns and overall quality of life in non-hospitalized adults, 24 months after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Methods This prospective observational study involved the enrolment of 337 adult non-hospitalized patients in a consecutive fashion. Individuals with past COVID-19 (from 15 April 2020 to 30 June 2021) were examined at two Government hospitals and completed a telephone interview between 1 May 2023 and 30 June 2023, located in Jharkhand, India. Participants were queried about their sleep patterns and quality of life, utilizing the DSM5 LEVEL 2 and EQ-ED-5L tool, respectively. Results Among 337 non-hospitalized participants, 212 completed the survey. Within this group (59.4% men, mean age 38), 36 (17.0%) experienced sleep impairment. All five dimensions of quality of life (QoL) were adversely affected in long COVID patients. Advanced age, high income, residing in rural or semi-urban areas, and having comorbidities were associated with a higher likelihood of decreased quality of life across various domains. Conversely, participants who were married, employed in healthcare or government positions, and vaccinated exhibited a reduced likelihood of experiencing lower quality of life. Conclusion Long COVID-19 affects sleep and quality of life, with various demographic and clinical factors influencing outcomes. This study provides insights into the extended consequences of long COVID-19 and aids healthcare systems in addressing the challenges posed by this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv K. Mudgal
- College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Vipin Patidar
- College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Anaesthesia, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Suman Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Rakhi Gaur
- College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Rajat Agarwal
- Department of CTVS, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | | | - Pratima Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Saurabh Varshney
- Executive Director & CEO, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
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Jakše B, Gilić B, Đurović M, Šajber D. The Effects of an Eight-Week Swimming Program on Body Composition and Assessment of Dietary Intake in Post-COVID-19 Patients. J Nutr Metab 2024; 2024:3037784. [PMID: 38571925 PMCID: PMC10990646 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3037784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 infection and its consequences (long-term COVID-19 syndrome) have implications for weight loss, body composition, and diet quality. In the context of the "PostCovSwim" project, which is part of a broader international study, the impact of an eight-week swimming program on post-COVID-19 patients' nutritional status (i.e., body composition and dietary intake) was evaluated. Body composition and dietary intake were assessed by medically approved and calibrated bioelectrical impedance (Tanita 780 S MA) and food frequency questionnaires. At the baseline, most participants were classified as overweight based on their body mass index (BMI). However, their body fat percentage (BF%) classification indicated normal weight, although females were near obesity thresholds. Furthermore, at the baseline, according to the BMI classification, 62% of females and 61% of males were female, whereas according to the BF% for obesity classification, 44% of females and 43% of males were considered overweight or obese. Surprisingly, despite the eight-week program, there were no significant changes in body composition. Additionally, the assessment of dietary intake, which remained consistent throughout the study, revealed dietary imbalances characterized by an unhealthy low-carbohydrate, high-fat dietary pattern. This dietary pattern entailed excessive consumption of ultraprocessed foods; reduced carbohydrate intake (39% E vs. 37% E); increased total fat intake (46% E vs. 47% E); increased saturated fatty acids (14% E vs. 13% E); increased cholesterol (412 mg/d vs. 425 mg/d); increased free sugars (7% E vs. 7% E); and inadequate intake of fibre (24 g/d vs. 20 g/d), polyunsaturated fatty acids (6.6% E vs. 7.7% E), vitamin B12 (in females: 3.1 µg/d), vitamin C (86 mg/d vs. 66 mg/d), vitamin D (2 µg/d vs. 3.2 µg/d), folate (in males: 258 µg/d), calcium (777 mg/d vs. 743 mg/d), and selenium (in males: 66 µg/d). After an eight-week swimming program following COVID-19, no significant changes were observed in the subjects' body composition. Their dietary intake was found to not align with the dietary recommendations. These findings underscore the urgency of implementing comprehensive dietary and lifestyle interventions for post-COVID-19 patients to optimize their recovery and overall well-being. Physical activity, like a swimming program, may positively affect various aspects of human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Gilić
- University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, Croatia
| | - Marko Đurović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Dorica Šajber
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Swimming Association of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Ose DJ, Gardner E, Millar M, Curtin A, Wu J, Zhang M, Schaefer C, Wang J, Leiser J, Stoesser K, Kiraly B. A cross-sectional and population-based study from primary care on post-COVID-19 conditions in non-hospitalized patients. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2024; 4:24. [PMID: 38383883 PMCID: PMC10881566 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00440-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current research on post-COVID-19 conditions (PCC) has focused on hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and often lacks a comparison group. This study assessed the prevalence of PCC in non-hospitalized COVID-19 primary care patients compared to primary care patients not diagnosed with COVID-19. METHODS This cross-sectional, population-based study (n = 2539) analyzed and compared the prevalence of PCC in patients with a positive COVID-19 test (n = 1410) and patients with a negative COVID-19 test (n = 1129) never hospitalized for COVID-19 related conditions. Participants were identified using electronic health records and completed an electronic questionnaire, available in English and Spanish, including 54 potential post COVID-19 symptoms. Logistic regression was conducted to assess the association of PCC with COVID-19. RESULTS Post-COVID-19 conditions are prevalent in both groups, and significantly more prevalent in patients with COVID-19. Strong significant differences exist for the twenty most reported conditions, except for anxiety. Common conditions are fatigue (59.5% (COVID-19 positive) vs. 41.3% (COVID-19 negative); OR 2.15 [1.79-2.60]), difficulty sleeping (52.1% (positive) vs. 41.9% (negative); OR 1.42 [1.18-1.71]) and concentration problems (50.6% (positive) vs 28.5% (negative); OR 2.64 [2.17-3.22]). Similar disparities in prevalence are also observed after comparing two groups (positive vs. negative) by age, sex, time since testing, and race/ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS PCC is highly prevalent in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients in primary care. However, it is important to note that PCC strongly overlaps with common health symptoms seen in primary care, including fatigue, difficulty sleeping, and headaches, which makes the diagnosis of PCC in primary care even more challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik J Ose
- University of Utah Health, School of Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Westsächsische Hochschule - Zwickau, Faculty of Health and Healthcare Science, Zwickau, Germany
| | - Elena Gardner
- University of Utah Health, School of Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Morgan Millar
- University of Utah Health, School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andrew Curtin
- University of Utah Health, School of Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jiqiang Wu
- University of Utah Health, School of Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mingyuan Zhang
- University of Utah Health, Data Science Services, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Camie Schaefer
- University of Utah Health, School of Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- University of Utah Health, School of Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jennifer Leiser
- University of Utah Health, School of Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kirsten Stoesser
- University of Utah Health, School of Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Bernadette Kiraly
- University of Utah Health, School of Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Fernandez-de-Las-Peñas C, Notarte KI, Macasaet R, Velasco JV, Catahay JA, Ver AT, Chung W, Valera-Calero JA, Navarro-Santana M. Persistence of post-COVID symptoms in the general population two years after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect 2024; 88:77-88. [PMID: 38101521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis investigated the prevalence of post-COVID symptoms two-years after SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS Electronic literature searches on PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science databases, and on medRxiv/bioRxiv preprint servers were conducted up to October 1, 2023. Studies reporting data on post-COVID symptoms at two-years after infection were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Random-effects models were used for meta-analytical pooled prevalence of each symptom. RESULTS From 742 studies identified, twelve met inclusion criteria. The sample included 7912 COVID-19 survivors (50.7% female; age: 59.5, SD: 16.3). Post-COVID symptoms were assessed at a follow-up of 722.9 (SD: 51.5) days after. The overall methodological quality of studies was moderate (mean: 6/10, SD: 1.2 points). The most prevalent post-COVID symptoms two-years after SARS-CoV-2 infection were fatigue (28.0%, 95%CI 12.0-47.0), cognitive impairments (27.6%, 95%CI 12.6-45.8), and pain (8.4%, 95%CI 4.9-12.8). Psychological disturbances such as anxiety (13.4%, 95%CI 6.3-22.5) and depressive (18.0%, 95%CI 4.8-36.7) levels as well as sleep problems (20.9%, 95%CI 5.25-43.25) were also prevalent. Pooled data showed high heterogeneity (I2 ≥ 75%). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis shows the presence of post-COVID symptoms in 30% of patients two-years after COVID-19. Fatigue, cognitive disorders, and pain were the most prevalent post-COVID symptoms. Psychological disturbances as well as sleep problems were still present two-years after COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Fernandez-de-Las-Peñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Kin Israel Notarte
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Raymart Macasaet
- Department of Medicine, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, NJ 07740, USA
| | | | - Jesus Alfonso Catahay
- Department of Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Abbygail Therese Ver
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines
| | - William Chung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Juan A Valera-Calero
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Navarro-Santana
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
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Paramythiotis D, Karlafti E, Didagelos M, Fafouti M, Veroplidou K, Protopapas AA, Kaiafa G, Netta S, Michalopoulos A, Savopoulos C. Post-COVID-19 and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Literature Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1961. [PMID: 38004010 PMCID: PMC10673195 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59111961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS), a complex and multifactorial condition that follows the acute COVID-19 infection, has raised serious concerns within the global medical community. Concurrently, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), a widespread chronic gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction, is considered to be one of the most common disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) that significantly affects the quality of life and social functioning of patients. PCS presents a wide range of symptoms and GI manifestations, including IBS. This review aims to analyze the GI involvement and the prolonged symptoms of COVID-19 infection as part of PCS, in order to explore the potential development of post-infection IBS (PI-IBS) in COVID-19 patients. Irritating factors such as enteric infection, psychosocial conditions, food antigens, and antibiotics may lead to abnormalities in the physiological function of the GI system and could be involved in the development of PI-IBS. Through the presentation of the pathophysiological mechanisms and epidemiological studies that assessed the prevalence of IBS as part of PCS, we attempted to provide a better understanding of the long-term consequences of COVID-19 and the pathogenesis of PI-IBS. Even though PI-IBS is becoming a global challenge, there are only a few studies about it and therefore limited knowledge. Currently, the majority of the existing treatment options are referred to non-COVID-19-associated DGBIs. Forthcoming studies may shed light on the mechanisms of PI-IBS that could be targeted for treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Paramythiotis
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.P.); (K.V.); (S.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Eleni Karlafti
- Emergency Department, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- First Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.A.P.); (G.K.); (C.S.)
| | - Matthaios Didagelos
- Intensive Care Unit, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Fafouti
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.P.); (K.V.); (S.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Kalliopi Veroplidou
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.P.); (K.V.); (S.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Adonis A. Protopapas
- First Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.A.P.); (G.K.); (C.S.)
| | - Georgia Kaiafa
- First Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.A.P.); (G.K.); (C.S.)
| | - Smaro Netta
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.P.); (K.V.); (S.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonios Michalopoulos
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.P.); (K.V.); (S.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Christos Savopoulos
- First Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.A.P.); (G.K.); (C.S.)
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