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Kushwaha A, Kumar A, Chandrasekhar S, Poulinlu G, Chand K, Muthuchelvan D, Venkatesan G. Baculovirus expression and purification of virion core and envelope proteins of goatpox virus to evaluate their diagnostic potential. Arch Virol 2024; 169:172. [PMID: 39096433 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Goatpox and sheeppox are highly contagious and economically important viral diseases of small ruminants. Due to the risk they pose to animal health, livestock production, and international trade, capripoxviruses are a considerable threat to the livestock economy. In this study, we expressed two core proteins (A4L and A12L) and one extracellular enveloped virion protein (A33R) of goatpox virus in a baculovirus expression vector system and evaluated their use as diagnostic antigens in ELISA. Full-length A4L, A12L, and A33R genes of the GTPV Uttarkashi strain were amplified, cloned into the pFastBac HT A donor vector, and introduced into DH10Bac cells containing a baculovirus shuttle vector plasmid to generate recombinant bacmids. The recombinant baculoviruses were produced in Sf-21 cells by transfection, and proteins were expressed in TN5 insect cells. The recombinant proteins were analysed by SDS-PAGE and confirmed by western blot, with expected sizes of ~30 kDa, ~31 kDa, and ~32 kDa for A4L, A12L, and A33R, respectively. The recombinant proteins were purified, and the immunoreactivity of the purified proteins was confirmed by western blot using anti-GTPV serum. The antigenic specificity of the expressed proteins as diagnostic antigens was evaluated by testing their reactivity with infected, vaccinated, and negative GTPV/SPPV serum in indirect ELISA, and the A33R-based indirect ELISA was optimized. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the A33R-based indirect ELISA were found to be of 89% and 94% for goats and 98% and 91%, for sheep, respectively. No cross-reactivity was observed with other related viruses. The recombinant-A33R-based indirect ELISA developed in the present study shows that it has potential for the detection of antibodies in GTPV and SPPV infected/vaccinated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kushwaha
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar 263 138, Nainital District, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar 263 138, Nainital District, Uttarakhand, India
| | - S Chandrasekhar
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar 263 138, Nainital District, Uttarakhand, India
| | - G Poulinlu
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar 263 138, Nainital District, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Karam Chand
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar 263 138, Nainital District, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - G Venkatesan
- FMD Laboratory, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, H A Farm, Hebbal, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560024, India.
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Barghash SM, Yassin SE, Sadek ASM, Mahmoud DM, Salama MS. Epidemiological exploration of fleas and molecular identification of flea-borne viruses in Egyptian small ruminants. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15166. [PMID: 38956077 PMCID: PMC11220049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64881-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate molecularly the presence of flea-borne viruses in infested small ruminants with fleas. It was carried out in Egypt's Northern West Coast (NWC) and South Sinai Governorate (SSG). Three specific primers were used targeting genes, ORF103 (for Capripoxvirus and Lumpy skin disease virus), NS3 (for Bluetongue virus), and Rdrp (for Coronavirus), followed by gene sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. The results revealed that 78.94% of sheep and 65.63% of goats were infested in the NWC area, whereas 49.76% of sheep and 77.8% of goats were infested in the SSG region. Sheep were preferable hosts for flea infestations (58.9%) to goats (41.1%) in the two studied areas. Sex and age of the animals had no effects on the infestation rate (p > 0.05). The season and site of infestation on animals were significantly different between the two areas (p < 0.05). Ctenocephalides felis predominated in NWC and Ctenocephalides canis in SSG, and males of both flea species were more prevalent than females. Molecular analysis of flea DNA revealed the presence of Capripoxvirus in all tested samples, while other viral infections were absent. Gene sequencing identified three isolates as sheeppox viruses, and one as goatpox virus. The findings suggest that Capripoxvirus is adapted to fleas and may be transmitted to animals through infestation. This underscores the need for ongoing surveillance of other pathogens in different regions of Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa M Barghash
- Parasitology Unit, Animal Production and Poultry Division, Animal and Poultry Health Department, Desert Research Center, El-Naam, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samah E Yassin
- Parasitology Unit, Animal Production and Poultry Division, Animal and Poultry Health Department, Desert Research Center, El-Naam, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Al-Shaimaa M Sadek
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Dalia M Mahmoud
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Salama
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Ntombela N, Matsiela M, Zuma S, Hiralal S, Naicker L, Mokoena N, Khoza T. Production of recombinant lumpy skin disease virus A27L and L1R proteins for application in diagnostics and vaccine development. Vaccine X 2023; 15:100384. [PMID: 37736535 PMCID: PMC10509699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination using live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) is considered the most effective method for control of lumpy skin disease (LSD). However, this method is limited by safety concerns, with reports of adverse reactions following vaccination. This study evaluates A27L and L1R which are essential proteins for virus attachment and membrane fusion as recombinant sub-unit vaccines against LSD. These proteins were recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using affinity chromatography. Purified proteins were formulated individually (A27L or L1R) and in combination (A27L and L1R) with 10% (w/w) Montanide™ Gel 01 PR adjuvant at a final antigen dose of 20 µg per protein. The safety and immunogenicity of these formulations were evaluated in rabbits in a 42-day clinical trial. Animals were vaccinated on day 0 and boost injection administered 21 days later. No reduced morbidity, increased temperature and any other clinical signs were recorded in vaccinated animals for all three vaccine formulations. The highest neutralizing antibody response was detected on day 42 post-primary vaccination for all formulations when using serum neutralising assay. The neutralisation data correlates with antibody titres quantified using a whole cell ELISA. Evaluating the combination of A27L and L1R as potential diagnostic reagents showed highest sensitivity for detection of antibodies against LSD when compared to individual proteins. This study reports the immunogenicity of recombinant A27L and L1R combination for successful application in LSD vaccine development. Furthermore, these proteins demonstrated the potential use in LSD diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomfundo Ntombela
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Pietermaritzburg Campus), Scottsville 3209, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Matome Matsiela
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Pietermaritzburg Campus), Scottsville 3209, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Onderstepoort Biological Products (SOC. Ltd), 100, Old, Soutpan Road, Onderstepoort, 0110, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sbahle Zuma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Pietermaritzburg Campus), Scottsville 3209, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Suhavna Hiralal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Pietermaritzburg Campus), Scottsville 3209, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Leeann Naicker
- Onderstepoort Biological Products (SOC. Ltd), 100, Old, Soutpan Road, Onderstepoort, 0110, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nobalanda Mokoena
- Onderstepoort Biological Products (SOC. Ltd), 100, Old, Soutpan Road, Onderstepoort, 0110, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thandeka Khoza
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Pietermaritzburg Campus), Scottsville 3209, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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Chervyakova O, Issabek A, Sultankulova K, Bopi A, Kozhabergenov N, Omarova Z, Tulendibayev A, Aubakir N, Orynbayev M. Lumpy Skin Disease Virus with Four Knocked Out Genes Was Attenuated In Vivo and Protects Cattle from Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101705. [PMID: 36298570 PMCID: PMC9610274 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination with live attenuated vaccines is a key element in the prevention of lumpy skin disease. The mechanism of virus attenuation by long-term passaging in sensitive systems remains unclear. Targeted inactivation of virulence genes is the most promising way to obtain attenuated viruses. Four virulence genes in the genome of the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) Dermatitis nodulares/2016/Atyrau/KZ were sequentially knocked out by homologous recombination under conditions of temporary dominant selection. The recombinant LSDV Atyrau-5BJN(IL18) with a knockout of the LSDV005, LSDV008, LSDV066 and LSDV142 genes remained genetically stable for ten passages and efficiently replicated in cells of lamb testicles, saiga kidney and bovine kidney. In vivo experiments with cattle have shown that injection of the LSDV Atyrau-5BJN(IL18) at a high dose does not cause disease in animals or other deviations from the physiological norm. Immunization of cattle with the LSDV Atyrau-5BJN(IL18) induced the production of virus-neutralizing antibodies in titers of 4–5 log2. The challenge did not cause disease in immunized animals. The knockout of four virulence genes resulted in attenuation of the virulent LSDV without loss of immunogenicity. The recombinant LSDV Atyrau-5BJN(IL18) is safe for clinical use, immunogenic and protects animals from infection with the virulent LSDV.
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Clemmons EA, Alfson KJ, Dutton JW. Transboundary Animal Diseases, an Overview of 17 Diseases with Potential for Global Spread and Serious Consequences. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2039. [PMID: 34359167 PMCID: PMC8300273 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals provide food and other critical resources to most of the global population. As such, diseases of animals can cause dire consequences, especially disease with high rates of morbidity or mortality. Transboundary animal diseases (TADs) are highly contagious or transmissible, epidemic diseases, with the potential to spread rapidly across the globe and the potential to cause substantial socioeconomic and public health consequences. Transboundary animal diseases can threaten the global food supply, reduce the availability of non-food animal products, or cause the loss of human productivity or life. Further, TADs result in socioeconomic consequences from costs of control or preventative measures, and from trade restrictions. A greater understanding of the transmission, spread, and pathogenesis of these diseases is required. Further work is also needed to improve the efficacy and cost of both diagnostics and vaccines. This review aims to give a broad overview of 17 TADs, providing researchers and veterinarians with a current, succinct resource of salient details regarding these significant diseases. For each disease, we provide a synopsis of the disease and its status, species and geographic areas affected, a summary of in vitro or in vivo research models, and when available, information regarding prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Clemmons
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA;
| | - Kendra J. Alfson
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - John W. Dutton
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA;
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Stanbekova G, Beisenov D, Nizkorodova A, Iskakov B, Warzecha H. Production of the sheep pox virus structural protein SPPV117 in tobacco chloroplasts. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1475-1485. [PMID: 33797655 PMCID: PMC8017516 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A chloroplast transgenic approach was assessed in order to produce a structural protein SPPV117 of sheep pox virus in Nicotiana tabacum for the future development of a plant-based subunit vaccine against sheep pox. RESULTS Two DNA constructs containing SPPV117 coding sequence under the control of chloroplast promoter and terminator of psbA gene or rrn promoter and rbcL terminator were designed and inserted into the chloroplast genome by a biolistic method. The transgenic plants were selected via PCR analysis. Northern and Western blot analysis showed expression of the transgene at transcriptional and translational levels, respectively. The recombinant protein accumulated to about 0.3% and 0.9% of total soluble protein in leaves when expressed from psbA and rrn promoter, respectively. Plant-produced SPPV117 protein was purified using metal affinity chromatography and the protein yield was 19.67 ± 1.25 µg g-1 (FW). The serum of a sheep infected with the virus recognised the chloroplast-produced protein indicating that the protein retains its antigenic properties. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that chloroplasts are a suitable system for the production of a candidate subunit vaccine against sheep pox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulshan Stanbekova
- Protein and Nucleic Acids Research, M. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Daniyar Beisenov
- Protein and Nucleic Acids Research, M. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Anna Nizkorodova
- Protein and Nucleic Acids Research, M. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Bulat Iskakov
- Protein and Nucleic Acids Research, M. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Heribert Warzecha
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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Chervyakova O, Tailakova E, Kozhabergenov N, Sadikaliyeva S, Sultankulova K, Zakarya K, Maksyutov RA, Strochkov V, Sandybayev N. Engineering of Recombinant Sheep Pox Viruses Expressing Foreign Antigens. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051005. [PMID: 34067124 PMCID: PMC8150597 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Capripoxviruses with a host range limited to ruminants have the great potential to be used as vaccine vectors. The aim of this work was to evaluate attenuated sheep pox virus (SPPV) vaccine strain NISKHI as a vector expressing several genes. Open reading frames SPPV020 (ribonucleotide kinase) and SPPV066 (thymidine kinase) were selected as sites for the insertion of foreign genes. Two integration plasmids with expression cassette were designed and constructed. Recombinant SPPVs expressing an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) (rSPPV(RRΔ)EGFP and rSPPV(TKΔ)EGFP), Foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid protein (VP1), and Brucella spp. outer membrane protein 25 (OMP25) (rSPPV(RRΔ)VP1A-(TKΔ)OMP25) were generated under the transient dominant selection method. The insertion of foreign genes into the SPPV020 and SPPV066 open reading frames did not influence the replication of the recombinant viruses in the cells. Successful foreign gene expression in vitro was assessed by luminescent microscopy (EGFP) and Western blot (VP1 and OMP25). Our results have shown that foreign genes were expressed by rSPPV both in permissive (lamb testicles) and non-permissive (bovine kidney, saiga kidney, porcine kidney) cells. Mice immunized with rSPPV(RRΔ)VP1A-(TKΔ)OMP25 elicited specific antibodies to both SPPV and foreign genes VP1 and OMP25. Thus, SPPV NISKHI may be used as a potential safe immunogenic viral vector for the development of polyvalent vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Chervyakova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, RK ME&S–Science Committee, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan; (E.T.); (N.K.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (K.Z.); (V.S.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-72636-7-22-28
| | - Elmira Tailakova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, RK ME&S–Science Committee, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan; (E.T.); (N.K.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (K.Z.); (V.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Nurlan Kozhabergenov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, RK ME&S–Science Committee, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan; (E.T.); (N.K.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (K.Z.); (V.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Sandugash Sadikaliyeva
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, RK ME&S–Science Committee, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan; (E.T.); (N.K.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (K.Z.); (V.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Kulyaisan Sultankulova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, RK ME&S–Science Committee, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan; (E.T.); (N.K.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (K.Z.); (V.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Kunsulu Zakarya
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, RK ME&S–Science Committee, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan; (E.T.); (N.K.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (K.Z.); (V.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Rinat A. Maksyutov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk Region, Russia;
| | - Vitaliy Strochkov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, RK ME&S–Science Committee, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan; (E.T.); (N.K.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (K.Z.); (V.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Nurlan Sandybayev
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, RK ME&S–Science Committee, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan; (E.T.); (N.K.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (K.Z.); (V.S.); (N.S.)
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Beisenov DK, Stanbekova GE, Iskakov BK. Тransplastomic tobacco plants producing the hydrophilic domain of the sheep pox virus coat protein L1R. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2020; 24:905-912. [PMID: 35088004 PMCID: PMC8764143 DOI: 10.18699/vj20.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sheep pox has a wide geographical range of distribution and poses a threat to sheep breeding worldwide,
as the disease is highly contagious and is accompanied by large economic losses. Vaccines based on live attenuated
virus strains are currently being used for prevention of this disease. Such vaccines are effective, but potentially dangerous because of the possible virus reversion to a pathogenic state. The development of safe recombinant subunit
vaccines against sheep pox is very relevant. The high ploidy level of the plant chloroplasts makes it possible to obtain large quantities of foreign proteins. The purpose of this study was to create transplastomic Nicotiana tabacum
plants producing one of the candidate vaccine proteins of sheep pox virus L1R. A vector containing a deletion variant
of the SPPV_56 gene, which encodes the N-terminal hydrophilic part of the viral coat protein L1R, was constructed
to transform tobacco plastids. It provides integration of the transgene into the trnG/trnfM region of the chloroplast
tobacco genome by homologous recombination. Spectinomycin-resistant tobacco lines were obtained by biolistic
gun-mediated genetic transformation. PCR analysis in the presence of gene-specific primers confirmed integration of
the transgene into the plant genome. Subsequent Northern and Western blot analysis showed the gene expression
at the transcriptional and translational levels. The recombinant protein yields reached up to 0.9 % of total soluble
protein. The transplastomic plants displayed a growth retardation and pale green leaf color compared to the wild
type, but they developed normally and produced seeds. Southern blot analysis showed heteroplasmy of the plastids
in the obtained plants due to recombination events between native and introduced regulatory plastid DNA elements.
The recombinant protein from plant tissue was purified using metal affinity chromatography. Future research will be
focused on determining the potential of the chloroplast-produced protein to induce neutralizing antibodies against
SPPV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Beisenov
- M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - G E Stanbekova
- M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - B K Iskakov
- M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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Teffera M, Babiuk S. Potential of Using Capripoxvirus Vectored Vaccines Against Arboviruses in Sheep, Goats, and Cattle. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:450. [PMID: 31921911 PMCID: PMC6932975 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus capripoxvirus consists of sheeppox virus, goatpox virus, and lumpy skin disease virus, which affect sheep, goats, and cattle, respectively. Together capripoxviruses cause significant economic losses to the sheep, goat, and cattle industry where these diseases are present. These diseases have spread into previously free bordering regions most recently demonstrated with the spread of lumpy skin disease virus into the Middle East, some Eastern European countries, and Russia. This recent spread has highlighted the transboundary nature of these diseases. To control lumpy skin disease virus, live attenuated viral vaccines are used in endemic countries as well as in response to an outbreak. For sheeppox and goatpox, live attenuated viral vaccines are used in endemic countries; these diseases can also be contained through slaughter of infected animals to stamp out the disease. The thermostability, narrow host range, and ability of capripoxviruses to express a wide variety of antigens make capripoxviruses ideal vectors. The ability to immunize animals against multiple diseases simultaneously increases vaccination efficiency by decreasing the number of vaccinations required. Additionally, the use of capripoxvirus vectored vaccines allows the possibility of differentiating infected from vaccinated animals. Arboviruses such as bluetongue virus and Rift Valley fever viruses are also responsible for significant economic losses in endemic countries. In the case of Rift Valley fever virus, vaccination is not routinely practiced unless there is an outbreak making vaccination not as effective, therefore, incorporating Rift Valley fever vaccination into routine capripoxvirus vaccination would be highly beneficial. This review will discuss the potential of using capripoxvirus as a vector expressing protective arboviral antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahder Teffera
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shawn Babiuk
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Karki M, Kumar A, Venkatesan G, Arya S, Pandey AB. Genetic analysis of L1R myristoylated protein of Capripoxviruses reveals structural homogeneity among poxviruses. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018; 58:224-231. [PMID: 29306003 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sheeppox virus (SPPV) and goatpox virus (GTPV) are members of the genus Capripoxvirus (CaPV) of the family Poxviridae. CaPVs are responsible for important contagious diseases of small ruminants that are enzootic to the Indian sub-continent, Central and Northern Africa and the Middle East. In the present study, the sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the L1R gene of sixteen CaPV isolates (seven SPPV and nine GTPV) from India were performed along with 3D homology modeling of the L1R protein. L1R is a myristoylated protein responsible for virion assembly and being present on intracellular mature virion (IMV) surface, it is also a potent target for eliciting neutralizing antibodies. Sequence analysis of CaPV L1R gene revealed an ORF of 738bp with >99% and >96% identity within species and between species, respectively, at both nucleotide as well as amino acid levels. Phylogenetic analysis displayed distinct clusters of members of genus Capripoxvirus, as GTPV, SPPV and LSDV. L1R at the protein level showed various species-specific signature residues that may be useful for future grouping or genotyping of CaPV members. CaPV L1R was predicted to possess myristoylation motif GAAASIQTTVNTLNEKI and a potential N-glycosylation site at amino acid residue 50 (Asn). Despite of different host specificity in poxviruses, comparative sequence analysis of L1R proteins revealed highly conserved nature with presence of myristoylation motif (GXXXS) and six cysteine residues forming three disulfide bonds among all poxviruses. The conserved and immunogenic nature of the CaPV L1R gene may prove to be a potential candidate/target for developing molecular diagnostics including recombinant protein based assays and prophylactics for the control of CaPV diseases in tropical countries like India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monu Karki
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar 263 138, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar 263 138, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Gnanavel Venkatesan
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar 263 138, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Sargam Arya
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar 263 138, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - A B Pandey
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar 263 138, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
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Recombinant heat shock protein 78 enhances enterovirus 71 propagation in Vero cells and is induced in SK-N-SH cells during the infection. Arch Virol 2017; 162:1649-1660. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3287-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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THE APPROACHES TO DESIGNING OF NEW GENERATION VACCINES AGAINST THE SHEEP POX DISEASE. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2016. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech9.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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