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Li L, Wang X, Chen L, Li J, Xue Y, Lin H, Sun H, Bo Z, Shen H, Sun P. Genetic evolutionary analysis of a strain of Senecavirus A in Anhui and the establishment of its detection method. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 124:105665. [PMID: 39233257 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Senecavirus A (SVA) is the only member of the genus Senecavirus in the family Picornaviridae, and is one of the pathogens of porcine blistering disease. SVA has been reported in the United States, Canada, China, Thailand, and Colombia. METHODS In this study, positive SVA infection was detected by RT-PCR in sick materials collected from pig farms of different sizes in Anhui Province. RESULTS In this study, a virulent strain of SVA was successfully obtained by viral isolation on BHK21 cells and named SVA-CH-AHAU-1. Meanwhile, a simple, rapid and accurate nano-PCR method for the detection of SVA infection was established in this study, using the recombinant plasmid pClone-SVA-3D as a template. CONCLUSIONS The complete genome of SVA-CH-AHAU-1 is 7286 bp, including a 5' non-coding region (UTR), an open reading frame (ORF) of 6546 nucleotides, encoding 2182 amino acids (aa), and a 3' UTR with Poly(A) features, and phylogenetic analysis showed that this isolate had the highest nucleotide homology (97.9 %) with the US isolate US-15-41901SD. In this study, the virulent strain SVA-CH-AHAU-1 was found to recombine in the ORF region with isolates SVA-CH-SDGT-2017 and SVA/Canada/ON/FMA-2015-0024 T2/2015. The complete genome has been submitted to GeneBank with the accession number OM654411. In addition, our results suggest that the established nano-PCR assay can be used as an economical, reliable and sensitive method for the field diagnosis of SVA method, especially in resource-limited areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Yuting Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Haicheng Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - HuiHui Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Zongyi Bo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Haixiao Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Pei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China; Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China.
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Cao N, Li Y, Zhang H, Liu X, Liu S, Lu M, Hu Z, Tian L, Li X, Qian P. A nanoparticle vaccine based on the VP1 21-26 and VP2 structural proteins of Senecavirus A induces robust protective immune responses. Vet Microbiol 2024; 296:110198. [PMID: 39067145 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is a causative agent that can cause vesicular disease in swine, which causes a great threat to the swine husbandry in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a vaccine that can effectively prevent the spread of SVA. In this study, we developed a 24-polymeric nano-scaffold using β-annulus peptide from tomato bushy effect virus (TBSV) by coupling this antigen to SVA B cell epitope VP121-26 and VP2 proteins via linkers, respectively. The SVA-based nanoparticle protein of the VP1(B)-β-VP2 was expressed and purified by low-cost prokaryotic system to prepare a SVA nanoparticle vaccine. The immunological protective effect of SVA nanoparticle vaccine was evaluated in mouse and swine models, respectively. The results suggested that both mice and swine could induce high levels SVA neutralizing antibodies and IgG antibodies after two doses immunization. In addition, the swine challenge protection experiment showed that the protection rate of immune SVA nanoparticle vaccine and SVA inactivated vaccine both were 80 %, while the negative control had no protection effect. It demonstrated that SVA nanoparticle vaccine effectively prevented SVA infection in swine. In summary, the preparation of SVA vaccine by using β-annulus peptide is a promising candidate vaccine for prevent SVA transmission, and provides a new idea for the development of novel SVA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yamei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Wuhan Keqian Biological Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangzu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Shudan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Mingxing Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zihui Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Linxing Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Ping Qian
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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Li Y, Chu H, Jiang Y, Li Z, Wang J, Liu F. Comparative transcriptomics analysis on Senecavirus A-infected and non-infected cells. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1431879. [PMID: 38983770 PMCID: PMC11231404 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1431879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is an emerging virus that causes the vesicular disease in pigs, clinically indistinguishable from other high consequence vesicular diseases. This virus belongs to the genus Senecavirus in the family Picornaviridae. Its genome is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA, approximately 7,300 nt in length, with a 3' poly(A) tail but without 5'-end capped structure. SVA can efficiently propagate in different cells, including some non-pig-derived cell lines. A wild-type SVA was previously rescued from its cDNA clone using reverse genetics in our laboratory. In the present study, the BSR-T7/5 cell line was inoculated with the passage-5 SVA. At 12 h post-inoculation, SVA-infected and non-infected cells were independently collected for the analysis on comparative transcriptomics. The results totally showed 628 differentially expressed genes, including 565 upregulated and 63 downregulated ones, suggesting that SVA infection significantly stimulated the transcription initiation in cells. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses demonstrated that SVA exerted multiple effects on immunity-related pathways in cells. Furthermore, the RNA sequencing data were subjected to other in-depth analyses, such as the single-nucleotide polymorphism, transcription factors, and protein-protein interactions. The present study, along with our previous proteomics and metabolomics researches, provides a multi-omics insight into the interaction between SVA and its hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Huanhuan Chu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yujia Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Zhongren-OLand Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fuxiao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Shi Y, Wu Z, Zeng P, Song J, Guo J, Yang X, Zhou J, Liu J, Hou L. Seneca valley virus 3C protease blocks EphA2-Mediated mTOR activation to facilitate viral replication. Microb Pathog 2024; 191:106673. [PMID: 38705218 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is a recently discovered porcine pathogen that causes vesicular diseases and poses a significant threat to the pig industry worldwide. Erythropoietin-producing hepatoma receptor A2 (EphA2) is involved in the activation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which is involved in autophagy. However, the regulatory relationship between SVV and EphA2 remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that EphA2 is proteolysed in SVV-infected BHK-21 and PK-15 cells. Overexpression of EphA2 significantly inhibited SVV replication, as evidenced by decreased viral protein expression, viral titers, and viral load, suggesting an antiviral function of EphA2. Subsequently, viral proteins involved in the proteolysis of EphA2 were screened, and the SVV 3C protease (3Cpro) was found to be responsible for this cleavage, depending on its protease activity. However, the protease activity sites of 3Cpro did not affect the interactions between 3Cpro and EphA2. We further determined that EphA2 overexpression inhibited autophagy by activating the mTOR pathway and suppressing SVV replication. Taken together, these results indicate that SVV 3Cpro targets EphA2 for cleavage to impair its EphA2-mediated antiviral activity and emphasize the potential of the molecular interactions involved in developing antiviral strategies against SVV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Penghui Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiangwei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinshuo Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lei Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Chen M, Zhang X, Kong F, Gao P, Ge X, Zhou L, Han J, Guo X, Zhang Y, Yang H. Senecavirus A induces mitophagy to promote self-replication through direct interaction of 2C protein with K27-linked ubiquitinated TUFM catalyzed by RNF185. Autophagy 2024; 20:1286-1313. [PMID: 38084826 PMCID: PMC11210902 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2293442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is a newly emerging picornavirus associated with swine vesicular lesions and neonatal mortality, threatening the global pig industry. Despite sustained efforts, the molecular mechanisms of SVA pathogenesis have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that SVA infection can induce complete mitophagy in host cells, which depends on SVA replication. Mitophagy has been subsequently proven to promote SVA replication in host cells. Genome-wide screening of SVA proteins involved in inducing mitophagy showed that although VP2, VP3, 2C, and 3A proteins can independently induce mitophagy, only the 2C protein mediates mitophagy through direct interaction with TUFM (Tu translation elongation factor, mitochondrial). The glutamic acids at positions 196 and 211 of TUFM were shown to be two key sites for its interaction with 2C protein. Moreover, TUFM was discovered to interact directly with BECN1 and indirectly with the ATG12-ATG5 conjugate. Further experiments revealed that TUFM needs to undergo ubiquitination modification before being recognized by the macroautophagy/autophagy receptor protein SQSTM1/p62, and E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF185 catalyzes K27-linked polyubiquitination of TUFM through the interaction between RNF185's transmembrane domain 1 and TUFM to initiate SVA-induced mitophagy. The ubiquitinated TUFM is recognized and bound by SQSTM1, which in turn interacts with MAP1LC3/LC3, thereby linking the 2C-anchored mitochondria to the phagophore for sequestration into mitophagosomes, which ultimately fuse with lysosomes to achieve complete mitophagy. Overall, our results elucidated the molecular mechanism by which SVA induces mitophagy to promote self-replication and provide new insights into SVA pathogenesis.Abbreviations: aa: amino acid; Baf A1: bafilomycin A1; BHK-21: baby hamster kidney-21; CCCP: carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone; co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; CQ: chloroquine; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2'-phenylindole; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GST: glutathione S-transferase; HA: hemagglutinin; hpi: hours post-infection; hpt: hours post-transfection; IPTG: isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside; mAb: monoclonal antibody; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAVS: mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein; Mdivi-1: mitochondrial division inhibitor-1; MOI: multiplicity of infection; mRFP: monomeric red fluorescent protein; MS: mass spectrometry; ORF: open reading frame; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; SD: standard deviation; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; ST: swine testis; SVA: Senecavirus A; TCID50: 50% tissue culture infectious dose; TIMM23: translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 23; TM: transmembrane; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; TUFM: Tu translation elongation factor, mitochondrial; Ub: ubiquitin; UV: ultraviolet; VDAC1: voltage dependent anion channel 1; WT: wild-type; μg: microgram; μm: micrometer; μM: micromole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fanshu Kong
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinna Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Han
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongning Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanchun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Song J, Guo Y, Wang D, Quan R, Wang J, Liu J. Seneca Valley virus 3C protease cleaves OPTN (optineurin) to Impair selective autophagy and type I interferon signaling. Autophagy 2024; 20:614-628. [PMID: 37930946 PMCID: PMC10936645 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2277108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV) causes vesicular disease in pigs, posing a threat to global pork production. OPTN (optineurin) is a macroautophagy/autophagy receptor that restricts microbial propagation by targeting specific viral or bacterial proteins for degradation. OPTN is degraded and cleaved at glutamine 513 following SVV infection via the activity of viral 3C protease (3C[pro]), resulting in N-terminal and a C-terminal OPTN fragments. Moreover, OPTN interacts with VP1 and targets VP1 for degradation to inhibit viral replication. The N-terminal cleaved OPTN sustained its interaction with VP1, whereas the degradation capacity targeting VP1 decreased. The inhibitory effect of N-terminal OPTN against SVV infection was significantly reduced, C-terminal OPTN failed to inhibit viral replication, and degradation of VP1 was blocked. The knockdown of OPTN resulted in reduced TBK1 activation and phosphorylation of IRF3, whereas overexpression of OPTN led to increased TBK1-IRF3 signaling. Additionally, the N-terminal OPTN diminished the activation of the type I IFN (interferon) pathway. These results show that SVV 3C[pro] targets OPTN because its cleavage impairs its function in selective autophagy and type I IFN production, revealing a novel model in which the virus develops diverse strategies for evading host autophagic machinery and type I IFN response for survival.Abbreviations: Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; GFP-green fluorescent protein; hpi: hours post-infection; HRP: horseradish peroxidase; IFN: interferon; IFNB/IFN-β: interferon beta; IRF3: interferon regulatory factor 3; LIR: LC3-interacting region; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MOI: multiplicity of infection; OPTN: optineurin; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; SVV: Seneca Valley virus; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TAX1BP1: Tax1 binding protein 1; TBK1: TANK binding kinase 1; TCID50: 50% tissue culture infectious doses; UBAN: ubiquitin binding in TNIP/ABIN (TNFAIP3/A20 and inhibitor of NFKB/NF-kB) and IKBKG/NEMO; UBD: ubiquitin-binding domain; ZnF: zinc finger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yitong Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Quan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Tao Q, Xu L, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Liu Z, Xu T, Lai S, Ai Y, Zhu L, Xu Z. The construction and immunogenicity analyses of a recombinant pseudorabies virus with Senecavirus A VP3 protein co-expression. Vet Microbiol 2024; 290:110011. [PMID: 38310713 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA)-associated porcine idiopathic vesicular disease (PIVD) and Pseudorabies (PR) are highly contagious swine disease that pose a significant threat to the global pig industry. In the absence of an effective commercial vaccine, outbreaks caused by SVA have occurred in many parts of the world. In this study, the PRV variant strain PRV-XJ was used as the parental strain to construct a recombinant PRV strain with the TK/gE/gI proteins deletion and the VP3 protein co-expression, named rPRV-XJ-ΔTK/gE/gI-VP3. The results revealed that PRV is a suitable viral live vector for VP3 protein expressing. As a vaccine, rPRV-XJ-ΔTK/gE/gI-VP3 is safe for mice, vaccination with it did not cause any clinical symptoms of PRV. Intranasal immunization with rPRV-XJ-ΔTK/gE/gI-VP3 induced strong cellular immune response and high levels of specific antibody against VP3 and gB and neutralizing antibodies against both PRV and SVA in mice. It provided 100% protection to mice against the challenge of virulent strain PRV-XJ, and alleviated the pathological lesion of heart and liver tissue in SVA infected mice. rPRV-XJ-ΔTK/gE/gI-VP3 appears to be a promising vaccine candidate against PRV and SVA for the control of the PRV variant and SVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanting Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zheyan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Siyuan Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanru Ai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
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8
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Ma L, Zhu M, Meng Q, Wang Y, Wang X. Real-time detection of Seneca Valley virus by one-tube RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1305222. [PMID: 38259970 PMCID: PMC10800940 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1305222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Senecavirus A (SVA) is a highly contagious virus that causes vesicular disease in pigs. At present, laboratory detection methods, such as virus isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), required precision instruments and qualified personnel, making them unsuitable for point-of-care tests (POCT). Fortunately, the emergence of CRISPR/Cas system has provided new opportunities for fast and efficient pathogen detection. Methods This study successfully developed a precise and sensitive detection platform for diagnosing SVA by combining the CRISPR system with recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). Results The minimum detection limit of the assay was 10 copies of the SVA genome. Meanwhile, the assay demonstrated high specificity. To validate the effectiveness of this system, we tested 85 swine clinical samples and found that the fluorescence method had a 100% coincidence rate compared to RT-qPCR. Discussion Overall, the RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay established in our study is a highly effective method for detecting SVA and holds great potential for practical applications in the resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
- College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengjie Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Qingfeng Meng
- Testing Technology R&D Department, Shanghai Kaiwosha Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Xueping Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
- College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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9
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Song J, Guo Y, Wang D, Quan R, Wang J, Liu J. Seneca Valley virus 3C pro antagonizes type I interferon response by targeting STAT1-STAT2-IRF9 and KPNA1 signals. J Virol 2023; 97:e0072723. [PMID: 37819133 PMCID: PMC10617416 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00727-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Type I interferon (IFN) signaling plays a principal role in host innate immune responses against invading viruses. Viruses have evolved diverse mechanisms that target the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway to modulate IFN response negatively. Seneca Valley virus (SVV), an emerging porcine picornavirus, has received great interest recently because it poses a great threat to the global pork industry. However, the molecular mechanism by which SVV evades host innate immunity remains incompletely clear. Our results revealed that SVV proteinase (3Cpro) antagonizes IFN signaling by degrading STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9, and cleaving STAT2 to escape host immunity. SVV 3Cpro also degrades karyopherin 1 to block IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 nuclear translocation. Our results reveal a novel molecular mechanism by which SVV 3Cpro antagonizes the type I IFN response pathway by targeting STAT1-STAT2-IRF9 and karyopherin α1 signals, which has important implications for our understanding of SVV-evaded host innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yitong Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Quan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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10
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Zeng W, Yan Q, Du P, Yuan Z, Sun Y, Liu X, Zhang L, Liu X, Ding H, Yi L, Fan S, Chen J, Zhao M. Evolutionary dynamics and adaptive analysis of Seneca Valley virus. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 113:105488. [PMID: 37558190 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, the Seneca Valley virus (SVV) has emerged in various countries and regions around the world. Infected pigs display symptoms similar to foot-and-mouth disease and other vesicular diseases, causing severe economic losses to affected countries. In recent years, the number of SVV infections has been increasing in Brazil, China, and the United States. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed SVV genomic sequence data from the perspectives of evolutionary dynamics, phylogeography, and codon usage bias. We aimed to gain further insights into SVV's genetic diversity, spatiotemporal distribution patterns, and evolutionary adaptations. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that SVV has evolved into eight distinct lineages. Based on the results of phylogeographic analysis, it is speculated that the United States might have been the source of SVV, from where it subsequently spread to different countries and regions. Moreover, our analysis of positive selection sites in SVV capsid proteins suggests their potential importance in the process of receptor recognition. Finally, codon preference analysis indicates that natural selection has been a primary evolutionary driver influencing SVV codon usage bias. In conclusion, our in-depth investigation into SVV's origin, dissemination, evolution, and adaptation emphasizes the significance of SVV surveillance and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Quanhui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Pengfei Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhongmao Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yawei Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaodi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xueyi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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11
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Dong J, Chen M, Yu L, Rao D, Zhang N, Cong F. Seneca Valley virus induces proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine response in vitro. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2023; 87:120-126. [PMID: 37020572 PMCID: PMC10069161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is an oncolytic virus, which belongs to the Picornaviridae family, that causes blisters on the nose and hooves, affecting the production performance of pigs. However, the function of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in SVV infection is still unclear. In our study, SVV infection could induce a high expression of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and chemokines, including chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5), and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10). Interfered genes of IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNF-α inhibited virus replication, but interfered genes of CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL10 promoted virus replication. These results indicate that proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines are involved in SVV infection; this will be beneficial to explore the pathogenesis and cytokine therapy of SVV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Dong
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China (Dong, Chen, Rao); College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Yu); Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou 510633, China (Cong); Henan Fengyuan Hepu Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Zhumadian 463900, China (Zhang)
| | - Mingrui Chen
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China (Dong, Chen, Rao); College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Yu); Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou 510633, China (Cong); Henan Fengyuan Hepu Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Zhumadian 463900, China (Zhang)
| | - Linyang Yu
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China (Dong, Chen, Rao); College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Yu); Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou 510633, China (Cong); Henan Fengyuan Hepu Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Zhumadian 463900, China (Zhang)
| | - Dan Rao
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China (Dong, Chen, Rao); College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Yu); Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou 510633, China (Cong); Henan Fengyuan Hepu Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Zhumadian 463900, China (Zhang)
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China (Dong, Chen, Rao); College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Yu); Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou 510633, China (Cong); Henan Fengyuan Hepu Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Zhumadian 463900, China (Zhang)
| | - Feng Cong
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China (Dong, Chen, Rao); College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Yu); Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou 510633, China (Cong); Henan Fengyuan Hepu Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Zhumadian 463900, China (Zhang)
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12
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Yan J, Gao Y, Li J, Li M, Guo C, Bai J, Jiang P. The Establishment and Application of Indirect 3AB-ELISA for The Detection of Antibodies against Senecavirus A. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040861. [PMID: 37112841 PMCID: PMC10141147 DOI: 10.3390/v15040861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is an emerging pathogen that negatively affects the pig industry in China. Affected animals present vesicular lesions which are indistinguishable from other vesicular diseases. To date, there is no commercial vaccine that can be used to control SVA infection in China. In this study, recombinant SVA 3AB, 2C, 3C, 3D, L and VP1 proteins are expressed by using a prokaryotic expression system. The kinetics of the presence and levels of SVA antibodies with SVA-inoculated pig serum show that 3AB has the best antigenicity. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is developed with the 3AB protein, exhibiting a sensitivity of 91.3% and no cross-reaction with serum antibodies against PRRSV, CSFV, PRV, PCV2 or O-type FMDV. Given the high sensitivity and specificity of this approach, a nine-year (2014–2022) retrospective and prospective serological study is conducted to determine the epidemiological profile and dynamics of SVA in East China. Although SVA seropositivity declined markedly from 2016 (98.85%) to 2022 (62.40%), SVA transmission continues in China. Consequently, the SVA 3AB-based indirect ELISA has good sensitivity and specificity and is suitable for viral detection, field surveillance and epidemiological studies.
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13
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Zhang Z, Yao F, Lv J, Ding Y, Liu X, Zhang L, Ma Z, Zhou P, Wang Y, Guo H, Pan L. Identification of B-cell epitopes on structural proteins VP1 and VP2 of Senecavirus A and development of a multi-epitope recombinant protein vaccine. Virology 2023; 582:48-56. [PMID: 37023612 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is an important pathogenic cause of vesicular disease in pigs worldwide. In this study, we screened the B-cell epitopes of SVA using a bioinformatics approach combined with an overlapping synthetic polypeptide method. Four dominant B-cell epitopes (at amino acid (aa) positions: 7-26, 48-74, 92-109, and 129-144) from the VP1 protein and five dominant B-cell epitopes (aa: 38-57, 145-160, 154-172, 193-208, 249-284) from the VP2 protein were identified. Multi-epitope genes comprising the identified B-cell epitope domains were synthesized, prokaryotic expressed, and purified, and their immune protection efficacy was evaluated in piglets. Our results showed that the multi-epitope recombinant protein rP2 induced higher neutralizing antibodies and provided 80% protection against homologous SVA challenge. Thus, the B-cell epitope peptides identified in this study are potential candidates for SVA vaccine development, and rP2 may offer safety and efficacy in controlling infectious SVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
| | - Fei Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Jianliang Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Yaozhong Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Xinsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Zhongyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Yonglu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Huichen Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Li Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
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14
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Liu W, Shang X, Wen W, Ren X, Qin L, Li X, Qian P. Seneca Valley virus enters cells through multiple pathways and traffics intracellularly via the endolysosomal pathway. J Gen Virol 2023; 104. [PMID: 36947577 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV, also known as Senecavirus A), an oncolytic virus, is a nonenveloped, positive-strand RNA virus and the sole member of the genus Senecavirus within the family Picornaviridae. The mechanisms of SVV entry into cells are currently almost unknown. In the present study, we found that SVV entry into HEK293T cells is acidic pH-dependent by using ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and chloroquine, both of which could inhibit SVV infection. We confirmed that dynamin II is required for SVV entry by using dynasore, silencing the dynamin II protein, or expressing the dominant-negative (DN) K44A mutant of dynamin II. Then, we discovered that chlorpromazine (CPZ) treatment or knockdown of the clathrin heavy chain (CLTC) protein significantly inhibited SVV infection. In addition, overexpression of CLTC promoted SVV infection. Caveolin-1 and membrane cholesterol were also required for SVV endocytosis. Notably, utilizing genistein, EIPA or nocodazole, we observed that macropinocytosis and microtubules are not involved in SVV entry. Furthermore, overexpression of the Rab7 and Rab9 proteins but not the Rab5 or Rab11 proteins promoted SVV infection. The findings were further validated by the knockdown of four Rabs and Lamp1 proteins, indicating that after internalization, SVV is transported from late endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) or lysosomes, respectively, eventually releasing its RNA into the cytosol from the lysosomes. Our findings concretely revealed SVV endocytosis mechanisms in HEK293T cells and provided an insightful theoretical foundation for further research into SVV oncolytic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xianfei Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xujiao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Liuxing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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Seneca Valley Virus Enters PK-15 Cells via Caveolae-Mediated Endocytosis and Macropinocytosis Dependent on Low-pH, Dynamin, Rab5, and Rab7. J Virol 2022; 96:e0144622. [PMID: 36472440 PMCID: PMC9769397 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01446-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV), a new pathogen resulting in porcine vesicular disease, is prevalent in pig herds worldwide. Although an understanding of SVV biology pathogenesis is crucial for preventing and controlling this disease, the molecular mechanisms for the entry and post-internalization of SVV, which represent crucial steps in viral infection, are not well characterized. In this study, specific inhibitors, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence detection revealed that SVV entry into PK-15 cells depends on low-pH conditions and dynamin. Furthermore, results showed that caveolae-mediated endocytosis (CavME) contributes crucially to the internalization of SVV, as evidenced by cholesterol depletion, downregulation of caveolin-1 expression by small interfering RNA knockdown, and overexpression of a caveolin-1 dominant negative (caveolin-1-DN) in SVV-infected PK-15 cells. However, SVV entry into PK-15 cells did not depend on clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Furthermore, treatment with specific inhibitors demonstrated that SVV entry into PK-15 cells via macropinocytosis depended on the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE), p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1), and actin rearrangement, but not phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Electron microscopy showed that SVV particles or proteins were localized in CavME and macropinocytosis. Finally, knockdown of GTPase Rab5 and Rab7 by siRNA significantly inhibited SVV replication, as determined by measuring viral genome copy numbers, viral protein expression, and viral titers. In this study, our results demonstrated that SVV utilizes caveolae-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis to enter PK-15 cells, dependent on low pH, dynamin, Rab5, and Rab7. IMPORTANCE Entry of virus into cells represents the initiation of a successful infection. As an emerging pathogen of porcine vesicular disease, clarification of the process of SVV entry into cells enables us to better understand the viral life cycle and pathogenesis. In this study, patterns of SVV internalization and key factors required were explored. We demonstrated for the first time that SVV entry into PK-15 cells via caveolae-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis requires Rab5 and Rab7 and is independent of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and that low-pH conditions and dynamin are involved in the process of SVV internalization. This information increases our understanding of the patterns in which all members of the family Picornaviridae enter host cells, and provides new insights for preventing and controlling SVV infection.
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Wu H, Li C, Ji Y, Mou C, Chen Z, Zhao J. The Evolution and Global Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Senecavirus A. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0209022. [PMID: 36314961 PMCID: PMC9769604 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02090-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent outbreaks of senecavirus A (SVA)-associated vesicular disease have led to a large number of infected pigs being culled and has caused considerable economic losses to the swine industry. Although SVA was discovered 2 decades ago, knowledge about the evolutionary and transmission histories of SVA remains unclear. Herein, we performed an integrated analysis of the recombination, phylogeny, selection, and spatiotemporal dynamics of SVA. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that SVA diverged into two main branches, clade I (pre-2007 strains) and clade II (post-2007 strains). Importantly, analysis of selective strength showed that clade II was evolving under relaxed selection compared with clade I. Positive selection analysis identified 27 positive selective sites, most of which are located on the outer surface of capsid protomer or on the important functional domains of nonstructure proteins. Bayesian phylodynamics suggested that the estimated time to the most recent common ancestor of SVA was around 1986, and the estimated substitution rate of SVA was 3.3522 × 10-3 nucleotide substitutions/site/year. Demographic history analysis revealed that the effective population size of SVA has experienced a gradually increasing trend with slight fluctuation until 2017 followed by a sharp decline. Notably, Bayesian phylogeographic analysis inferred that Brazil might be the source of SVA's global transmission since 2015. In summary, these data illustrated that the ongoing evolution of SVA drove the lineage-specific innovation and potentially phenotypically important variation. Our study sheds new light on the fundamental understanding of SVA evolution and spread history. IMPORTANCE Recurrent outbreaks and global epidemics of senecavirus A-associated vesicular disease have caused heavy economic losses and have threatened the development of the pig industry. However, the question of where the virus comes from has been one of the biggest puzzles due to the stealthy nature of the virus. Consequently, tracing the source, evolution, and transmission pattern of SVA is a very challenging task. Based on the most comprehensive analysis, we revealed the origin time, rapid evolution, epidemic dynamics, and selection of SVA. We observed two main genetic branches, clade I (pre-2007 strains) and clade II (post-2007 strains), and described the epidemiological patterns of SVA in different countries. We also first identified Brazil as the source of SVA's global transmission since 2015. Findings in this study provide important implications for the control and prevention of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiguang Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yongchen Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chunxiao Mou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhenhai Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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17
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Bennett B, Urzúa-Encina C, Pardo-Roa C, Ariyama N, Lecocq C, Rivera C, Badía C, Suárez P, Agredo M, Aguayo C, Ávila C, Araya H, Pérez P, Berrios F, Agüero B, Mendieta V, Pituco EM, de Almeida IG, Medina R, Brito B, Johow M, Ramirez VN. First report and genetic characterization of Seneca Valley virus (SVV) in Chile. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e3462-e3468. [PMID: 36327129 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus and the only member of the Senecavirus A (SVA) species, in the Senecavirus genus, Picornaviridae family. SVV infection causes vesicular lesions in the oral cavity, snout and hooves of pigs. This infection is clinically indistinguishable from trade-restrictions-related diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease. Other clinical manifestations include diarrhoea, anorexia, lethargy, neurological signs and mortality in piglets during their first week of age. Before this study, Chile was considered free of vesicular diseases of swine, including SVV. In April 2022, a suspected case of vesicular disease in a swine farm was reported in Chile. The SVV was confirmed and other vesicular diseases were ruled out. An epidemiological investigation and phylogenetic analyses were performed to identify the origin and extent of the outbreak. Three hundred ninety-five samples from 44 swine farms were collected, including faeces (208), oral fluid (28), processing fluid (14), fresh semen (61), environmental samples (80) and tissue from lesions (4) for real-time RT-PCR detection. Until June 2022, the SVV has been detected in 16 out of 44 farms, all epidemiologically related to the index farm. The closest phylogenetic relationship of the Chilean SVV strain is with viruses collected from swine in California in 2017. The direct cause of the SVV introduction has not yet been identified; however, the phylogenetic analyses suggest the USA as the most likely source. Since the virus remains active in the environment, transmission by fomites such as contaminated feed cannot be discarded. Further studies are needed to determine the risk of the introduction of novel SVV and other transboundary swine pathogens to Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín Bennett
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Urzúa-Encina
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Pardo-Roa
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Register (AIRR) - COVID-19 Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Naomi Ariyama
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hugo Araya
- Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero (SAG), Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Felipe Berrios
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Belén Agüero
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vanessa Mendieta
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Edviges Maristela Pituco
- Reference Laboratory of Pan American Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Veterinary Public Health of the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PANAFTOSA/VPH-PAHO/WHO), Pedro Leopoldo -MG, Brazil
| | - Iassudara Garcia de Almeida
- Reference Laboratory of Pan American Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Veterinary Public Health of the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PANAFTOSA/VPH-PAHO/WHO), Pedro Leopoldo -MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael Medina
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Register (AIRR) - COVID-19 Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Barbara Brito
- Biosecurity and Food Safety, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute (EMAI), Menangle, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Victor Neira Ramirez
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
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Chen W, Wang W, Wang X, Li Z, Wu K, Li X, Li Y, Yi L, Zhao M, Ding H, Fan S, Chen J. Advances in the differential molecular diagnosis of vesicular disease pathogens in swine. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1019876. [PMID: 36386633 PMCID: PMC9641196 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1019876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), Senecavirus A (SVA) and swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) are members of the family Picornaviridae, which can cause similar symptoms - vesicular lesions in the tissues of the mouth, nose, feet, skin and mucous membrane of animals. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of these viruses allows for control measures to prevent the spread of these diseases. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time RT-PCR are traditional and reliable methods for pathogen detection, while their amplification reaction requires a thermocycler. Isothermal amplification methods including loop-mediated isothermal amplification and recombinase polymerase amplification developed in recent years are simple, rapid and do not require specialized equipment, allowing for point of care diagnostics. Luminex technology allows for simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens. CRISPR-Cas diagnostic systems also emerging nucleic acid detection technologies which are very sensitivity and specificity. In this paper, various nucleic acid detection methods aimed at vesicular disease pathogens in swine (including FMDV, SVA and SVDV) are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keke Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shuangqi Fan, ; Jinding Chen,
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shuangqi Fan, ; Jinding Chen,
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Gao H, Chen YJ, Xu XQ, Xu ZY, Xu SJ, Xing JB, Liu J, Zha YF, Sun YK, Zhang GH. Comprehensive phylogeographic and phylodynamic analyses of global Senecavirus A. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:980862. [PMID: 36246286 PMCID: PMC9557172 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.980862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is a member of the genus Senecavirus in the family Picornaviridae that infects pigs and shows symptoms similar to foot and mouth diseases and other vesicular diseases. It is difficult to prevent, thus, causing tremendous economic loss to the pig industry. However, the global transmission routes of SVA and its natural origins remain unclear. In this study, we processed representative SVA sequences from the GenBank database along with 10 newly isolated SVA strains from the field samples collected from our lab to explore the origins, population characteristics, and transmission patterns of SVA. The SVA strains were firstly systematically divided into eight clades including Clade I–VII and Clade Ancestor based on the maximum likelihood phylogenetic inference. Phylogeographic and phylodynamics analysis within the Bayesian statistical framework revealed that SVA originated in the United States in the 1980s and afterward spread to different countries and regions. Our analysis of viral transmission routes also revealed its historical spread from the United States and the risk of the global virus prevalence. Overall, our study provided a comprehensive assessment of the phylogenetic characteristics, origins, history, and geographical evolution of SVA on a global scale, unlocking insights into developing efficient disease management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-jie Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-qiong Xu
- Guangdong Animal Health and Quarantine Office, Guangdong Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-ying Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-jia Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-bao Xing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-feng Zha
- Guangdong Animal Health and Quarantine Office, Guangdong Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-kuo Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-kuo Sun,
| | - Gui-hong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Gui-hong Zhang,
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Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is a new pathogen associated with porcine idiopathic vesicular disease (PIVD) in recent years. However, SVV-host interaction is still unclear. In this study, through LC-MS/MS analysis and coimmunoprecipitation analysis, DHX30 was identified as a 3Cpro-interacting protein. 3Cpro mediated the cleavage of DHX30 at a specific site, which depends on its protease activity. Further study showed that DHX30 was an intrinsic antiviral factor against SVV that was dependent on its helicase activity. DHX30 functioned as a viral-RNA binding protein that inhibited SVV replication at the early stage of viral infection. RIP-seq showed comparatively higher coverage depth at SVV 5'UTR, but the distribution across SVV RNA suggested that the interaction had low specificity. DHX30 expression strongly inhibited double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) production. Interestingly, DHX30 was determined to interact with 3D in an SVV RNA-dependent manner. Thus, DHX30 negatively regulated SVV propagation by blocking viral RNA synthesis, presumably by participating in the viral replication complex. IMPORTANCE DHX30, an RNA helicase, is identified as a 3Cpro-interacting protein regulating Seneca Valley virus (SVV) replication dependent on its helicase activity. DHX30 functioned as a viral-RNA binding protein that inhibited SVV replication at the early stage of virus infection. DHX30 expression strongly inhibited double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) production. In addition, 3Cpro abolished DHX30 antiviral effects by inducing DHX30 cleavage. Thus, DHX30 is an intrinsic antiviral factor that inhibits SVV replication.
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Hawko S, Burrai GP, Polinas M, Angioi PP, Dei Giudici S, Oggiano A, Alberti A, Hosri C, Antuofermo E. A Review on Pathological and Diagnostic Aspects of Emerging Viruses—Senecavirus A, Torque teno sus virus and Linda Virus—In Swine. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9090495. [PMID: 36136710 PMCID: PMC9502770 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Worldwide demand for food is expected to increase due to population growth and swine accounts for more than one-third of meat produced worldwide. Several factors affect the success of livestock production systems, including animal disease control. Despite the importance of infectious diseases to animal health and the productivity of the global swine industry, pathogens of swine, in particular emerging viruses, such as Senecavirus A, Torque teno sus virus, and Linda virus, have gained limited interest. We performed a systematic analysis of the literature, with a focus on the main macroscopical and histological findings related to those viruses to fill the gap and highpoint these potentially hazardous pathogens. Abstract Swine production represents a significant component in agricultural economies as it occupies over 30% of global meat demand. Infectious diseases could constrain the swine health and productivity of the global swine industry. In particular, emerging swine viral diseases are omnipresent in swine populations, but the limited knowledge of the pathogenesis and the scarce information related to associated lesions restrict the development of data-based control strategies aimed to reduce the potentially great impact on the swine industry. In this paper, we reviewed and summarized the main pathological findings related to emerging viruses, such as Senecavirus A, Torque teno sus virus, and Linda virus, suggesting a call for further multidisciplinary studies aimed to fill this lack of knowledge and better clarify the potential role of those viral diseases in swine pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Hawko
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni P. Burrai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-079-229440
| | - Marta Polinas
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Angioi
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Silvia Dei Giudici
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Oggiano
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alberto Alberti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Chadi Hosri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut 14/6573, Lebanon
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Jayawardena N, McCarthy C, Wang I, Waqqar S, Burga LN, Strauss M, Bostina M. Characterisation of a Seneca Valley virus thermostable mutant. Virology 2022; 575:74-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Zhao K, Guo XR, Liu SF, Liu XN, Han Y, Wang LL, Lei BS, Zhang WC, Li LM, Yuan WZ. 2B and 3C Proteins of Senecavirus A Antagonize the Antiviral Activity of DDX21 via the Caspase-Dependent Degradation of DDX21. Front Immunol 2022; 13:951984. [PMID: 35911774 PMCID: PMC9329633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.951984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA), also known as Seneca Valley virus, is a recently discovered picornavirus that can cause swine vesicular disease, posing a great threat to the global swine industry. It can replicate efficiently in cells, but the molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. This study determined the host’s differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) during SVA infection using dimethyl labeling based on quantitative proteomics. Among the DE proteins, DDX21, a member of the DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp)-box RNA helicase (DDX) family, was downregulated and demonstrated inhibiting SVA replication by overexpression and knockdown experiment. To antagonize this antiviral effect of DDX21, SVA infection induces the degradation of DDX21 by 2B and 3C proteins. The Co-IP results showed that 2B and 3C did not interact with DDX21, suggesting that the degradation of DDX21 did not depend on their interaction. Moreover, the 3C protein protease activity was necessary for the degradation of DDX21. Furthermore, our study revealed that the degradation of DDX21 by 2B and 3C proteins of SVA was achieved through the caspase pathway. These findings suggest that DDX21 was an effective antiviral factor for suppressing SVA infection and that SVA antagonized its antiviral effect by degrading DDX21, which will be useful to guide further studies into the mechanism of mutual regulation between SVA and the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiao-Ran Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shuai-Feng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiao-Na Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Ying Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Lu-Lu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Bai-Shi Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Wu-Chao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Li-Min Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Wan-Zhe Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Research Center of Animal Epidemic Pathogen Biology, China Agriculture Ministry, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Wan-Zhe Yuan,
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Structure of Senecavirus A 3C Protease Revealed the Cleavage Pattern of 3C Protease in Picornaviruses. J Virol 2022; 96:e0073622. [PMID: 35727031 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00736-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is an emerging picornavirus infecting porcine of all age groups and causing foot and mouth disease (FMD)-like symptoms. One of its key enzymes is the 3C protease (3Cpro), which is similar to other picornaviruses and essential for virus maturation by controlling polyprotein cleavage and RNA replication. In this study, we reported the crystal structure of SVA 3Cpro at a resolution of 1.9 Å and a thorough structural comparison against all published picornavirus 3Cpro structures. Using statistical and graphical visualization techniques, we also investigated the sequence specificity of the 3Cpro. The structure revealed that SVA 3Cpro adopted a typical chymotrypsin-like fold with the S1 subsite as the most conservative site among picornavirus 3Cpro. The surface loop, A1-B1 hairpin, adopted a novel conformation in SVA 3Cpro and formed a positively charged protrusion around S' subsites. Correspondingly, SVA scissile bonds preferred Asp rather than neutral amino acids at P3' and P4'. Moreover, SVA 3Cpro showed a wide range tolerance to P4 residue volume (acceptable range: 67 Å3 to 141 Å3), such as aromatic side chain, in contrast to other picornaviruses. In summary, our results provided valuable information for understanding the cleavage pattern of 3Cpro. IMPORTANCE Picornaviridae is a group of RNA viruses that harm both humans and livestock. 3Cpro is an essential enzyme for picornavirus maturation, which makes it a promising target for antiviral drug development and a critical component for virus-like particle (VLP) production. However, the current challenge in the development of antiviral drugs and VLP vaccines includes the limited knowledge of how subsite structure determines the 3Cpro cleavage pattern. Thus, an extensive comparative study of various picornaviral 3Cpro was required. Here, we showed the 1.9 Å crystal structure of SVA 3Cpro. The structure revealed similarities and differences in the substrate-binding groove among picornaviruses, providing new insights into the development of inhibitors and VLP.
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Ferrer-Miranda E, Fonseca-Rodríguez O, Albuquerque J, Almeida ECD, Tadeu Cristino C, Santoro KR. Assessment of the foot-and-mouth disease surveillance system in Brazil. Prev Vet Med 2022; 205:105695. [PMID: 35772240 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In 2021, the 88th General Session of the World Assembly of National Delegates to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) recognized the estates of Acre, Paraná, the Rio Grande do Sul, and Rondônia as being free of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) without vaccination. The certification was also extended to some cities in Amazonas and Mato Grosso. The new national strategic plan for 2026, which focuses on creating and maintaining sustainable conditions to expand FMD-free zones without vaccination, imposes new challenges and requires continuous evaluation of the FMD surveillance system. The objective of this research was to evaluate the FMD surveillance system in Brazil using quantitative models through Bayesian network approaches. The research was conducted using the Continental Surveillance and Information System (SivCont) database for Official Veterinary Services in Brazil, which refers to notified vesicular syndromes. The data on states, reported diseases, source of notification, disease confirmation, and timeliness (TL in days) of the delay by owners in notifying (TL.1) after a suspected case of the disease, and the response of Brazilian Veterinary Services after being notified (TL.2), were analysed. The collected data were analysed using Bayesian networks. It was observed that diseases with symptoms identical to FMD are the most notified events. TL.1 was long (mean of 18.96, CI: 18.33-19.59), and a low number of notifications was observed throughout the study period, which increases the chances of disseminating FMD in the population. Meanwhile, TL.2 suggests appropriate effectiveness of the Veterinary Services responding to suspected cases of FMD with interventions in less than 24 h (mean of 1, CI: 0.68-1.31). This study evaluated the performance of Brazilian Veterinary Services facing the report of vesicular diseases in the period 2004-2018. The results can help the states improve the surveillance system and the transition to the vaccination stop. Furthermore, the analytical method presented in the paper could serve as a model for other countries to evaluate the effectiveness of FMD surveillance systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyniesky Ferrer-Miranda
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Postgraduate Program in Biometrics and Applied Statistics (UFRPE/PPGBEA), street Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Federal University of Agreste of Pernambuco (UFAPE), Avenida Bom Pastor, s/n.º - Boa Vista, Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | | | - Jones Albuquerque
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Postgraduate Program in Biometrics and Applied Statistics (UFRPE/PPGBEA), street Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Keizo Asami Laboratory of Immunopathology (LIKA/UF PE), avenue Prof. Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Erivânia Camelo de Almeida
- Agricultural Defense and Inspection Agency of Pernambuco (ADAGRO), Avenue Caxangá, 2200-Cordeiro, 50711-000 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Claudio Tadeu Cristino
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Postgraduate Program in Biometrics and Applied Statistics (UFRPE/PPGBEA), street Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Kleber Régis Santoro
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Postgraduate Program in Biometrics and Applied Statistics (UFRPE/PPGBEA), street Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Federal University of Agreste of Pernambuco (UFAPE), Avenida Bom Pastor, s/n.º - Boa Vista, Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Blázquez E, Pujols J, Segalés J, Rodríguez C, Campbell J, Russell L, Polo J. Estimated quantity of swine virus genomes based on quantitative PCR analysis in spray-dried porcine plasma samples collected from multiple manufacturing plants. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0259613. [PMID: 35604901 PMCID: PMC9126402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This survey was conducted to estimate the incidence and level of potential viral contamination in commercially collected porcine plasma. Samples of spray dried porcine plasma (SDPP) were collected over a 12- month period from eight spray drying facilities in Spain, England, Northern Ireland, Brazil, Canada, and the United States. In this survey, viral load for several porcine pathogens including SVA, TGEV, PRRSV (EU and US strains), PEDV, PCV-2, SIV, SDCoV and PPV were determined by qPCR. Regression of Ct on TCID50 of serial diluted stock solution of each virus allowed the estimate of potential viral level in SDPP and unprocessed liquid plasma (using typical solids content of commercially collected porcine plasma). In this survey SVA, TGEV or SDCoV were not detected in any of the SDPP samples. Brazil SDPP samples were free of PRRSV and PEDV. Samples of SDPP from North America primarily contained the PRRSV-US strain while the European samples contained the PRRSV-EU strain (except for one sample from each region containing a relatively low estimated level of the alternative PRRSV strain). Estimated viral level tended to be in the range from <1.0 log10 TCID50 to <2.5 log10 TCID50. Estimated level of SIV was the exception with a very low incidence rate but higher estimated viral load <3.9 log10 TCID50. In summary, the incidence of potential viral contamination in commercially collected porcine plasma was variable and estimated virus level in samples containing viral DNA/RNA was relatively low compared with that occurring at the peak viremia during an infection for all viruses or when considering the minimal infectious dose for each of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Blázquez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA-IRTA), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- APC EUROPE S.L.U., Granollers, Barcelona, Spain
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Reemerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Pujols
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA-IRTA), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Reemerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Reemerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- UAB, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Javier Polo
- APC EUROPE S.L.U., Granollers, Barcelona, Spain
- APC LLC, Ankeny, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Song J, Quan R, Wang D, Liu J. Seneca Valley Virus 3C pro Mediates Cleavage and Redistribution of Nucleolin To Facilitate Viral Replication. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0030422. [PMID: 35357201 PMCID: PMC9045095 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00304-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is a recently discovered pathogen that poses a significant threat to the global pig industry. It has been shown that many viruses are reliant on nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of nucleolin (NCL) for their own replication. Here, we demonstrate that NCL, a critical protein component of the nucleolus, is cleaved and translocated out of the nucleoli following SVV infection. Furthermore, our data suggest that SVV 3C protease (3Cpro) is responsible for this cleavage and subsequent delocalization from the nucleoli, and that inactivation of this protease activity abolished this cleavage and translocation. SVV 3Cpro cleaved NCL at residue Q545, and the cleavage fragment (aa 1 to 545) facilitated viral replication, which was similar to the activities described for full-length NCL. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown indicated that NCL is required for efficient viral replication and viral protein expression. In contrast, lentivirus-mediated overexpression of NCL significantly enhanced viral replication. Taken together, these results indicate that SVV 3Cpro targets NCL for its cleavage and redistribution, which contributes to efficient viral replication, thereby emphasizing the potential target of antiviral strategies for the control of SVV infection. IMPORTANCE The nucleolus is a subnuclear cellular compartment, and nucleolin (NCL) resides predominantly in the nucleolus. NCL participates in viral replication, translation, internalization, and also serves as a receptor for virus entry. The interaction between NCL and SVV is still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that SVV 3Cpro targets NCL for its cleavage and nucleocytoplasmic transportation, which contributes to efficient viral replication. Our results reveal novel function of SVV 3Cpro and provide further insight into the mechanisms by which SVV utilizes nucleoli for efficient replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Quan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Liu W, Li X, Zhang H, Hao G, Shang X, Wang H, Chen H, Qian P. Evaluation of Immunoreactivity and Protection Efficacy of Seneca Valley Virus Inactivated Vaccine in Finishing Pigs Based on Screening of Inactivated Agents and Adjuvants. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040631. [PMID: 35455380 PMCID: PMC9032702 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV), also known as Senecavirus A (SVA), is a non-enveloped and single-strand positive-sense RNA virus, which belongs to the genus of Senecavirus within the family Picornaviridae. Porcine idiopathic vesicular disease (PIVD) caused by SVV has frequently been prevalent in America and Southeast Asia (especially in China) since the end of 2014, and has caused continuing issues. In this study, an SVV strain isolated in China, named SVV LNSY01-2017 (MH064435), was used as the stock virus for the preparation of an SVV-inactivated vaccine. The SVV culture was directly inactivated using binary ethyleneimine (BEI) and β-propiolactone (BPL). BPL showed a better effect as an SVV inactivator, according to the results of pH variation, inactivation kinetics, and the detection of VP1 content during inactivation. Then, SVV inactivated by BPL was subsequently emulsified using different adjuvants, including MONTANIDETM ISA 201 VG (ISA 201) and MONTANIDETM IMG 1313 VG N (IMS 1313). The immunoreactivity and protection efficacy of the inactivated vaccines were then evaluated in finishing pigs. SVV-BPL-1313 showed a better humoral response post-immunization and further challenge tests post-immunization showed that both the SVV-BPL-201 and SVV-BPL-1313 combinations could resist challenge from a virulent SVV strain. The SVV LNSY01-2017-inactivated vaccine candidate developed here represents a promising alternative to prevent and control SVV infection in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (G.H.); (X.S.); (H.W.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (G.H.); (X.S.); (H.W.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (G.H.); (X.S.); (H.W.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Genxi Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (G.H.); (X.S.); (H.W.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xianfei Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (G.H.); (X.S.); (H.W.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huilan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (G.H.); (X.S.); (H.W.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (G.H.); (X.S.); (H.W.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (G.H.); (X.S.); (H.W.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-27-8728-2608
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Wen W, Chen X, Lv Q, Chen H, Qian P, Li X. Identification of a conserved neutralizing epitope in Seneca Valley virus VP2 protein: new insight for epitope vaccine designment. Virol J 2022; 19:65. [PMID: 35410270 PMCID: PMC8995699 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01791-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is a picornavirus that causes vesicular disease in swine. Clinical characteristics of the disease are similar to common viral diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease virus, porcine vesicular disease virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus, which can cause vesicles in the nose or hoof of pigs. Therefore, developing tools for detecting SVV infection is critical and urgent.
Methods
The neutralizing antibodies were produced to detect the neutralizing epitope.
Results
Five SVV neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAb), named 2C8, 3E4, 4C3, 6D7, and 7C11, were generated by immunizing mouses with ultra-purified SVV-LNSY01-2017. All five monoclonal antibodies exhibited high neutralizing titers to SVV. The epitopes targeted by these mAbs were further identified by peptide scanning using GST fusion peptides. The peptide 153QELNEE158 is defined as the smallest linear neutralizing epitope. The antibodies showed no reactivity to VP2 single mutants E157A. Furthermore, the antibodies showed no neutralizing activity with the recombinant virus (SVV-E157A).
Conclusions
The five monoclonal antibodies and identified epitopes may contribute to further research on the structure and function of VP2 and the development of diagnostic methods for detecting different SVV strains. Additionally, the epitope recognized by monoclonal antibodies against VP2 protein may provide insights for novel SVV vaccines and oncolytic viruses development.
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30
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Luo D, Wang H, Wang Q, Liang W, Liu B, Xue D, Yang Y, Ma B. Senecavirus A as an Oncolytic Virus: Prospects, Challenges and Development Directions. Front Oncol 2022; 12:839536. [PMID: 35371972 PMCID: PMC8968071 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.839536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses have the capacity to selectively kill infected tumor cells and trigger protective immunity. As such, oncolytic virotherapy has become a promising immunotherapy strategy against cancer. A variety of viruses from different families have been proven to have oncolytic potential. Senecavirus A (SVA) was the first picornavirus to be tested in humans for its oncolytic potential and was shown to penetrate solid tumors through the vascular system. SVA displays several properties that make it a suitable model, such as its inability to integrate into human genome DNA and the absence of any viral-encoded oncogenes. In addition, genetic engineering of SVA based on the manipulation of infectious clones facilitates the development of recombinant viruses with improved therapeutic indexes to satisfy the criteria of safety and efficacy regulations. This review summarizes the current knowledge and strategies of genetic engineering for SVA, and addresses the current challenges and future directions of SVA as an oncolytic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dankun Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenping Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dongbo Xue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Oncology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Biao Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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31
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Wang H, Dong J, Zhang T, Wang F, Yang R, Zhang Y, Zhao X. A novel rapid detection of Senecavirus A using recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) coupled with lateral flow (LF) dipstrip. Anal Biochem 2022; 646:114627. [PMID: 35245488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
SENECAVIRUS A: (SVA), an emerging picornavirus, has been associated with vesicular disease and neonatal mortality in swine, posing a great threat to the global swine industry. Accurate diagnosis of SVA is crucial for the effective prevention and control disease. In the present study, a simple, rapid and accurate diagnostic assay was developed combining recombinase polymerase amplification and a lateral flow dipstrip (RPA-LF) to detect SVA infection. Using recombinant plasmid pMD19-T-VP1 DNA as a template, the RPA-LF optimal reaction conditions were incubated at 35 °C for 25 min, and the result was visualized directly on the dipstrip. The specificity assay showed no cross-reactivity with other tested viruses, and the sensitivity assay revealed the minimum detection limit was 15 copies/μl. Moreover, the RPA-LF method was successfully applied with viral cDNA as template to test clinical samples, with no significant difference being observed between RPA-LF and qRT-PCR. Hence, the established RPA-LF assay could be used as a potential optional rapid, reliable, sensitive and low-cost method for field diagnosis of SVA, especially in resource-limited regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, PR China; China Agricultural Veterinary Biological Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Jinjie Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, PR China; China Agricultural Veterinary Biological Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Lanzhou, PR China; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, PR China; China Agricultural Veterinary Biological Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Fan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, PR China; China Agricultural Veterinary Biological Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Rui Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, PR China; China Agricultural Veterinary Biological Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, PR China.
| | - Xingxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, PR China.
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Zhang YY, Sun MX, Lian Y, Wang TY, Jia MY, Leng C, Chen M, Bai YZ, Meng F, Cai XH, Tang YD. CRISPR-Cas13d Exhibits Robust Antiviral Activity Against Seneca Valley Virus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:835040. [PMID: 35237251 PMCID: PMC8882862 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.835040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Seneca Valley virus (SVV) as a newly identified pathogen of porcine vesicular disease spread quickly and has posed a potential threat to the swine industry in several countries resulting in economic losses. Considering the evolution of SVV, attention should be given to controlling SVV epidemics. So far there are no commercial vaccines or drugs available to combat SVV. Therefore, development of strategies for preventing and controlling SVV infection should be taken into account. In the current study, we evaluated whether the CRISPR-Cas13d system could be used as a powerful tool against SVV infection. Besides, selected crRNAs showed different capacity against SVV infection. Our study suggests the CRISPR-Cas13d system significantly inhibited SVV replication and exhibited potent anti-SVV activity. This knowledge may provide a novel alternative strategy to control epidemics of SVV in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ming-Xia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuexiao Lian
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong-Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Mei-Yu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chaoliang Leng
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Meng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan-Zhe Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Fandan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Fandan Meng,
| | - Xue-Hui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Xue-Hui Cai,
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-Dong Tang, ;
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Song J, Wang D, Quan R, Liu J. Seneca Valley virus 3C pro degrades heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 to facilitate viral replication. Virulence 2021; 12:3125-3136. [PMID: 34923914 PMCID: PMC8923066 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.2014681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is a recently-identified important pathogen that is closely related to idiopathic vesicular disease in swine. Infection of SVV has been shown to induce a variety of cellular factors and their activations are essential for viral replication, but whether heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) involved in SVV replication is unknown. The cytoplasmic redistribution of hnRNP A1 is considered to play an important role in the virus life cycle. Here, we demonstrated that SVV infection can promote redistribution of the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling RNA-binding protein hnRNP A1 to the cytoplasm from the nucleus, whereas hnRNP A1 remained mainly in the nucleus of mock-infected cells. siRNA-mediated knockdown of the gene encoding hnRNP A1 attenuated viral replication as evidenced by decreased viral protein expression and virus production, whereas its overexpression enhanced replication. Moreover, infection with SVV induced the degradation of hnRNP A1, and viral 3 C protease (3 Cpro) was found to be responsible for its degradation and translocation. Further studies demonstrated that 3 Cpro induced hnRNP A1 degradation through its protease activity, via the proteasome pathway. This degradation could be attenuated by a proteasome inhibitor (MG132) and inactivation of the conserved catalytic box in 3 Cpro. Taken together, these results presented here reveal that SVV 3 C protease targets cellular hnRNP A1 for its degradation and translocation, which is utilized by SVV to aid viral replication, thereby highlighting the control potential of strategies for infection of SVV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Quan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Synergetic contributions of viral VP1, VP3, and 3C to activation of the AKT-AMPK-MAPK-MTOR signaling pathway for Seneca Valley virus-induced autophagy. J Virol 2021; 96:e0155021. [PMID: 34757844 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01550-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV), a member of the Picornaviridae family, can activate autophagy via the PERK and ATF6 unfolded protein response pathways and facilitate viral replication; however, the precise molecular mechanism that regulates SVV-induced autophagy remains unclear. Here, we revealed that SVV infection inhibited the phosphorylation of mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (MTOR) and activated phosphorylation of the serine/threonine kinase AKT. We observed that activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and p38 MAPK signaling by SVV infection promoted autophagy induction and viral replication; additionally, the SVV-induced autophagy was independent of the ULK1 complex. We further evaluated the role of viral protein(s) in the AKT-AMPK-MAPK-MTOR pathway during SVV-induced autophagy and found that VP1 induced autophagy, as evidenced by puncta colocalization with microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) in the cytoplasm and enhanced LC3-II levels. This might be associated with the interaction of VP1 with sequestosome 1 and promoting its degradation. In addition, the expression of VP1 enhanced AKT phosphorylation and AMPK phosphorylation, while MTOR phosphorylation was inhibited. These results indicate that VP1 induces autophagy by the AKT-AMPK-MTOR pathway. Additionally, expression of VP3 and 3C was found to activate autophagy induction via the ERK1/2 MAPK-MTOR and p38 MAPK-MTOR pathway. Taken together, our data suggest that SVV-induced autophagy has finely-tuned molecular mechanisms in which VP1, VP3, and 3C contribute synergistically to the AKT-AMPK-MAPK-MTOR pathway. IMPORTANCE Autophagy is an essential cellular catabolic process to sustain normal physiological processes that modulated by a variety of signaling pathways. Invading virus is a stimulus to induce autophagy that regulates viral replication. It has been demonstrated that Seneca Valley virus (SVV) induced autophagy via the PERK and ATF6 unfolded protein response pathways. However, the precise signaling pathway involved in autophagy is still poorly understood. In this study, our results demonstrated that viral proteins VP1, VP3, and 3C contribute synergistically to activation of the AKT-AMPK-MAPK-MTOR signaling pathway for SVV-induced autophagy. These findings reveal systemically the finely-tuned mocleular mechanism of SVV-induced autophagy, thereby facilitating to deeper insight into the development of potential control strategies against SVV infection.
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35
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Wang N, Wang H, Shi J, Li C, Liu X, Fan J, Sun C, Cameron CE, Qi H, Yu L. The Stem-Loop I of Senecavirus A IRES Is Essential for Cap-Independent Translation Activity and Virus Recovery. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112159. [PMID: 34834966 PMCID: PMC8619302 DOI: 10.3390/v13112159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is a picornavirus that causes vesicular disease in swine and the only member of the Senecavirus genus. Like in all members of Picornaviridae, the 5′ untranslated region (5’UTR) of SVA contains an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) that initiates cap-independent translation. For example, the replacement of the IRES of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) with its relative bovine rhinitis B virus (BRBV) affects the viral translation efficiency and virulence. Structurally, the IRES from SVA resembles that of hepatitis C virus (HCV), a flavivirus. Given the roles of the IRES in cap-independent translation for picornaviruses, we sought to functionally characterize the IRES of this genus by studying chimeric viruses generated by exchanging the native SVA IRES with that of HCV either entirely or individual domains. First, the results showed that a chimeric SVA virus harboring the IRES from HCV, H-SVA, is viable and replicated normally in rodent-derived BHK-21 cells but displays replication defects in porcine-derived ST cells. In the generation of chimeric viruses in which domain-specific elements from SVA were replaced with those of HCV, we identified an essential role for the stem-loop I element for IRES activity and recombinant virus recovery. Furthermore, a series of stem-loop I mutants allowed us to functionally characterize discrete IRES regions and correlate impaired IRES activities, using reporter systems with our inability to recover recombinant viruses in two different cell types. Interestingly, mutant viruses harboring partially defective IRES were viable. However, no discernable replication differences were observed, relative to the wild-type virus, suggesting the cooperation of additional factors, such as intermolecular viral RNA interactions, act in concert in regulating IRES-dependent translation during infection. Altogether, we found that the stem-loop I of SVA is an essential element for IRES-dependent translation activity and viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (N.W.); (H.W.); (J.S.); (C.L.); (J.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Haiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (N.W.); (H.W.); (J.S.); (C.L.); (J.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Jiabao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (N.W.); (H.W.); (J.S.); (C.L.); (J.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Chen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (N.W.); (H.W.); (J.S.); (C.L.); (J.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Xinran Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Junhao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (N.W.); (H.W.); (J.S.); (C.L.); (J.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Chao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (N.W.); (H.W.); (J.S.); (C.L.); (J.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Craig E. Cameron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA;
| | - Hong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, School of Environment, Harbin 150090, China
- Correspondence: (H.Q.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-451-51051738 (L.Y.)
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (N.W.); (H.W.); (J.S.); (C.L.); (J.F.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: (H.Q.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-451-51051738 (L.Y.)
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Zhang J, Li C, Meng Y, Xie Y, Shi N, Zhang H, Yu C, Nan F, Xie C, Ha Z, Han J, Li Z, Li Q, Wang P, Gao X, Jin N, Lu H. Pathogenicity of Seneca Valley virus in pigs and detection in Culicoides from an infected pig farm. Virol J 2021; 18:209. [PMID: 34674719 PMCID: PMC8529370 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01679-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Porcine vesicular disease is caused by the Seneca Valley virus (SVV), it is a novel Picornaviridae, which is prevalent in several countries. However, the pathogenicity of SVV on 5–6 week old pigs and the transmission routes of SVV remain unknown. Methods This research mainly focuses on the pathogenicity of the CH-GX-01-2019 strain and the possible vector of SVV. In this study, 5–6 week old pigs infected with SVV (CH-GX-01-2019) and its clinical symptoms (including rectal temperatures and other clinical symptoms) were monitored, qRT-PCR were used to detect the viremia and virus distribution. Neutralization antibody assay was set up during this research. Mosquitoes and Culicoides were collected from pigsties after pigs challenge with SVV, and SVV detection within mosquitoes and Culicoides was done via RT-PCR. Results The challenged pigs presented with low fevers and mild lethargy on 5–8 days post infection. The viremia lasted more than 14 days. SVV was detected in almost all tissues on the 14th day following the challenge, and it was significantly higher in the hoofs (vesicles) and lymph nodes in comparison with other tissues. Neutralizing antibodies were also detected and could persist for more than 28 days, in addition neutralizing antibody titers ranged from 1:128 to 1:512. Mosquitoes and Culicoides were collected from the pigsty environments following SVV infection. Although SVV was not detected in the mosquitoes, it was present in the Culicoides, however SVV could not be isolated from the positive Culicoides. Conclusions Our work has enriched the knowledge relating to SVV pathogenicity and possible transmission routes, which may lay the foundation for further research into the prevention and control of this virus. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-021-01679-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyong Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghui Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China.,College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji, 133002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Meng
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China.,College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji, 133002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubiao Xie
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Shi
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - He Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengdong Yu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China.,College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji, 133002, People's Republic of China
| | - Fulong Nan
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Changzhan Xie
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Ha
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jicheng Han
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoxin Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuxuan Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Gao
- College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji, 133002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China. .,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China. .,College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji, 133002, People's Republic of China. .,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huijun Lu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China. .,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
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Yang F, Zhu Z, Liu H, Cao W, Zhang W, Wei T, Zheng M, Zhang K, Tian H, Zeng Q, Cai X, Zheng H. Evaluation of Antibody Response in Sows after Vaccination with Senecavirus A Vaccine and the Effect of Maternal Antibody Transfer on Antibody Dynamics in Offspring. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101066. [PMID: 34696174 PMCID: PMC8538203 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is a newly porcine virus that has been detected in many countries since its first detection in pigs in Canada in 2007, and it remains endemic in many countries in Asia and America, which has become a substantial problem for the pig industry. Vaccination is a potentially effective strategy for the prevention and control of SVA infection. Our lab has developed a SVA vaccine candidate previously. In this study, the antibody response to the prepared vaccine in sows and their offspring was evaluated. Vaccination of sows with inactivated SVA vaccines during pregnancy elicited SVA-specific virus-neutralizing antibodies. Vaccination with a high dose of SVA vaccine followed a booster immunization contributed to a long-term duration of the persistence of maternally derived neutralizing antibodies (MDAs) in the milk of the sows (>14 days). In contrast, vaccination with a single low dose of SVA vaccine resulted in a short-term persistence of MDAs in the milk (2–7 days). The MDAs could be efficiently transferred from the sows to their offspring through the colostrum/milk but not the umbilical cord blood. The antibody titers and the duration of the persistence of MDAs in the offspring are highly associated with the antibody levels in the milk from the sows. Vaccination of sows with a booster dose of SVA vaccine resulted in a longer-lasting MDAs in their offspring (persisted for at least 90 days). However, vaccination with the single low dose of vaccine only brought about 42 days of MDAs persistence in their offspring. The effect of MDAs on active immunization with SVA vaccine in offspring was further evaluated, which showed that vaccination of the SVA vaccine in the presence of MDAs at the titer of ≈1:64 or less could overcome the MDAs’ interference and give rise to effective antibody response. This will help for establishing the optimal times and schedules for SVA vaccination in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (F.Y.); (Q.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (W.C.); (W.Z.); (T.W.); (M.Z.); (K.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Zixiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (W.C.); (W.Z.); (T.W.); (M.Z.); (K.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Huanan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (W.C.); (W.Z.); (T.W.); (M.Z.); (K.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Weijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (W.C.); (W.Z.); (T.W.); (M.Z.); (K.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (W.C.); (W.Z.); (T.W.); (M.Z.); (K.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Ting Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (W.C.); (W.Z.); (T.W.); (M.Z.); (K.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (W.C.); (W.Z.); (T.W.); (M.Z.); (K.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Keshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (W.C.); (W.Z.); (T.W.); (M.Z.); (K.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Hong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (W.C.); (W.Z.); (T.W.); (M.Z.); (K.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Qiaoying Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (F.Y.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Xuepeng Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (F.Y.); (Q.Z.)
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (W.C.); (W.Z.); (T.W.); (M.Z.); (K.Z.); (H.T.)
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (H.Z.)
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C Caserta L, G Noll JC, Singrey A, Niederwerder MC, Dee S, Nelson EA, Diel DG. Stability of Senecavirus A in animal feed ingredients and infection following consumption of contaminated feed. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:88-96. [PMID: 34473909 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Animal feed and feed ingredients have recently been investigated as sources of pathogen introduction to farms and as a potential source of infection to animals post-consumption of contaminated feed. Survival of several viruses for a prolonged period has been demonstrated in feed. Here, we determined the rate of decay of Senecavirus A (SVA) in swine feed ingredients as a function of time and temperature and established half-life estimates for the virus. Select feed ingredients were spiked with a constant amount of SVA (105 median tissue culture infectious dose 50) and incubated at 4, 15 and 30°C for up to 91 days. Virus viability and the presence of viral RNA were assessed in samples collected over time. At the three different temperatures investigated, dried distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS) and soybean meal (SBM) provided the most stable matrices for SVA, resulting in half-lives of 25.6 and 9.8 days, respectively. At 30°C, SVA was completely inactivated in all feed ingredients and in the control sample, which did not contain a feed matrix. Although virus infectivity was lost, viral RNA remained stable and at consistent levels throughout the experimental period. Additionally, the ability of SVA to infect swine via ingestion of contaminated feed was investigated in 3-week-old, weaned pigs. Animals were provided complete feed spiked with three concentrations of SVA (105 , 106 and 107 per 200 g of feed) and allowed to naturally consume the contaminated feed. This procedure was repeated for three consecutive days. Infection of pigs through consumption of contaminated feed was confirmed by virus neutralization assay and the detection of SVA in serum, feces and in the tonsil of exposed animals by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. Our findings demonstrate that feed matrices are able to extend the survival of SVA, protecting the virus from decay. Additionally, we demonstrated that consumption of contaminated feed can lead to productive SVA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo C Caserta
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA.,Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jessica C G Noll
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA.,Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Aaron Singrey
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Megan C Niederwerder
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Scott Dee
- Pipestone Applied Research, Pipestone Veterinary Services, Pipestone, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eric A Nelson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Diego G Diel
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA.,Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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39
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Wen W, Li X, Yin M, Wang H, Qin L, Li H, Liu W, Zhao Z, Zhao Q, Chen H, Hu J, Qian P. Selective autophagy receptor SQSTM1/ p62 inhibits Seneca Valley virus replication by targeting viral VP1 and VP3. Autophagy 2021; 17:3763-3775. [PMID: 33719859 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1897223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy plays a critical role in antiviral immunity through targeting viruses and initiating host immune responses. The receptor protein, SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1), plays a vital role in selective autophagy. It serves as a receptor targeting ubiquitinated proteins or pathogens to phagophores for degradation. In this study, we explored the reciprocal regulation between selective autophagy receptor SQSTM1 and Seneca Valley virus (SVV). SVV infection induced autophagy. Autophagy promoted SVV infection in pig cells but played opposite functions in human cells. Overexpression of SQSTM1 decreased viral protein production and reduced viral titers. Further study showed that SQSTM1 interacted with SVV VP1 and VP3 independent of its UBA domain. SQSTM1 targeted SVV VP1 and VP3 to phagophores for degradation to inhibit viral replication. To counteract this, SVV evolved strategies to circumvent the host autophagic machinery to promote viral replication. SVV 3Cpro targeted the receptor SQSTM1 for cleavage at glutamic acid 355, glutamine 392, and glutamine 395 and abolished its capacity to mediate selective autophagy. At the same time, the 3Cpro-mediated SQSTM1 cleavage products lost the ability to inhibit viral propagation. Collectively, our results provide evidence for selective autophagy in host against viruses and reveal potential viral strategies to evade autophagic machinery for successful pathogenesis. Abbreviations: Baf.A1: bafilomycin A1; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; hpi: h post-infection; LIR: LC3-interacting region; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MOI: multiplicity of infection; PB1: N-terminal Phox/Bem1p; Rap.: rapamycin; Seneca Valley virus: SVV; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; SQSTM1-N355: residues 1 to 355 of SQSTM1; SQSTM1-C355: residues 355 to 478 of SQSTM1; SQSTM1-N392: residues 1 to 392 of SQSTM1; SQSTM1-C392: residues 392 to 478 of SQSTM1; SQSTM1-N388: residues 1 to 388 of SQSTM1; SQSTM1-N397: residues 1 to 397 of SQSTM1; UBA: ubiquitin association; Ubi: ubiquitin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengge Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liuxin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zekai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiongqiong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Zhang J, Zhang H, Sun W, Jiao C, Xiao P, Han J, Nan F, Xie C, Ha Z, Li Z, Xie Y, Meng Y, Lu H, Jin N. Genetic evolution and epidemiological analysis of Seneca Valley virus (SVV) in China. Virus Res 2020; 291:198177. [PMID: 33038460 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is a novel Picornaviridae that is closely associated with porcine idiopathic vesicular disease (PIVD). Here, a novel SVV strain (CH-GX-01-2019) was detected and isolated from swine in Guangxi Province, China. The complete genomic sequence of CH-GX-01-2019 exhibited 93.3-98.9 % identify with other SVV isolates at the nucleotide level. CH-GX-01-2019 showed the highest level of similarity (98.9 %) with Vietnamese strains. And CH-GX-01-2019 exhibited two consecutive amino acid mutations in VP1 gene. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genome and the VP1 gene showed that Chinese SVV isolates can be divided into three clusters. We analyzed the geographical distributions of SVV strains in China and found that the epidemiology of SVV in China is complicated; most strains are distributed predominantly in south and central China. Between 2015 and 2019, the dominant epidemic SVV isolates in China have changed from clusters 1 and 3 to cluster 2. CH-GX-01-2019 (cluster 3) is a recombinant strain from Colombia-2016 (cluster 2) and HB-CH-2016 (cluster 1). Our findings will enhance our understanding of the prevalence and genetic variation of SVV in the swine herds of China and provide important insights into the molecular epidemiology of SVV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - He Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Wenchao Sun
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cuicui Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pengpeng Xiao
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jicheng Han
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Fulong Nan
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changzhan Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuo Ha
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuoxin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yubiao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Huijun Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, China; Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Ningyi Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, China; Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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41
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Wen W, Zhao Q, Yin M, Qin L, Hu J, Chen H, Li X, Qian P. Seneca Valley Virus 3C Protease Inhibits Stress Granule Formation by Disrupting eIF4GI-G3BP1 Interaction. Front Immunol 2020; 11:577838. [PMID: 33133097 PMCID: PMC7550656 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.577838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are the sites of mRNA storage and related to the regulation of mRNA translation, which are dynamic structures in response to various environmental stresses and viral infections. Seneca Valley virus (SVV), an oncolytic RNA virus belonging to Picornaviridae family, can cause vesicular disease (VD) indistinguished from foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and other pig VDs. In this study, we found that SVV induced SG formation in the early stage of infection in a PKR-eIF2α dependent manner, as demonstrated by the recruitment of marker proteins of G3BP1 and eIF4GI. Surprisingly, we found that downregulating SG marker proteins TIA1 or G3BP1, or expressing an eIF2α non-phosphorylatable mutant inhibited SG formation, but this inhibition of transient SG formation had no significant effect on SVV propagation. Depletion of G3BP1 significantly attenuated the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition, we found that SVV inhibited SG formation at the late stage of infection and 3C protease was essential for the inhibition depending on its enzyme activity. Furthermore, we also found that 3C protease blocked the SG formation by disrupting eIF4GI-G3BP1 interaction. Overall, our results demonstrate that SVV induces transient SG formation in an eIF2α phosphorylation and PKR-dependent manner, and that 3C protease inhibits SG formation by interfering eIF4GI-G3BP1 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiongqiong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengge Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Liuxing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- Hubei Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
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Zhang X, Lu J, Deng T, Zhao P, Peng Z, Chen L, Qian M, Guo Y, Qiao H, Song Y, Xia Y, Bian C, Wang Z. Development of an improved dual-promoter-based reverse genetics system for emerging Senecavirus A. J Virol Methods 2020; 286:113973. [PMID: 32941978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA), a recently emerging picornavirus, poses a great threat to the swine industry because it causes swine idiopathic vesicular disease and epidemic transient neonatal losses. Thus far, the progress in SVA viral pathogenesis studies and vaccine development remains sluggish, and an available and convenient reverse genetics system would undoubtedly promote relevant research. Herein, we established an improved universal dual-promoter reverse genetics system with an SVA-specific hammerhead ribozyme and hepatitis delta virus ribozyme at both terminals of the viral genome; this system could be applied to rescue all SVA strains by both eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerase systems. The genome of the clone-derived Chinese field strain CH/HeN-2018 was assembled into the universal vector pcDNA-rSVAuni through the Gibson assembly technique. Moreover, two silent mutations, G6848C and C7163 G, were separately engineered into the full-length cDNA clone with one step site-directed mutagenesis to create a KpnI restriction enzyme site, which served as a unique genetic marker. The viruses, designated rCH/HeN-2018-T7, rCH/HeN-2018-CMV, rCH/HeN-2018-6484 m and rCH/HeN-2018-7163 m, were successfully rescued through both CMV- and T7-dependent pathways, and their biological properties were further evaluated. The results showed that all four viruses grew rapidly in PK-15 cells and exhibited viral titers and growth kinetics similar to those of parental wtCH/HeN-2018. The established reverse genetics system is easily operated and can be applied to rescue all SVA strains in a short time, which will be helpful for studying SVA biology, including viral pathogenesis, antiviral therapies and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Jianzhou Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Tongwei Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Pandeng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Zhifeng Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Mengwei Qian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Yiwen Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Hongxing Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Yuzhen Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Yanxun Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Chuanzhou Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Zeng Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China.
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Wang J, Mou C, Wang M, Pan S, Chen Z. Transcriptome analysis of senecavirus A-infected cells: Type I interferon is a critical anti-viral factor. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104432. [PMID: 32771656 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA)-associated vesicular disease (SAVD) has extensively been present in the swine industry during the past years. The mechanisms of SVA-host interactions at the molecular level, subsequent to SVA infection, are unclear. We studied the gene expression profiles of LLC-PK1 cells, with or without SVA infection, for 6 h and 12 h using an RNA-seq technology. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed on differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Immune-related genes and pathways were significantly modified after SVA infection. To confirm the RNA-seq data, 28 important DEGs were selected for RT-qPCR assays. All DEGs exhibited expression patterns consistent with the RNA-seq results. Among them, type I IFNs (including IFN-α and IFN-β) showed the largest upregulation, followed by RSAD2, DDX58, MX1 and the 17 other DEGs. In contrary, ID2 and another 5 DEGs were down-regulated or unchanged. These results indicated that type I IFNs play a critical role in host immune responses against SVA infection at early stage, while other immune-regulated genes directly or indirectly participate in the host immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, JS, China.
| | - Chunxiao Mou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, JS, China.
| | - Minmin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, JS, China.
| | - Shuonan Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, JS, China.
| | - Zhenhai Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, JS, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, China.
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Xue Q, Liu H, Zhu Z, Xue Z, Liu X, Zheng H. Seneca Valley Virus 3C pro Cleaves PABPC1 to Promote Viral Replication. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060443. [PMID: 32512928 PMCID: PMC7350346 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Seneca Valley Virus (SVV) is an oncolytic virus of the Picornaviridae family, which has emerged in recent years. The impact of SVV on host cell translation remains unknown. Here, we showed, for the first time, that SVV infection cleaved poly(A) binding protein cytoplasmic 1 (PABPC1). In SVV-infected cells, 50 kDa of the N terminal cleaved band and 25 kDa of the C terminal cleaved band of PABPC1 were detected. Further study showed that the viral protease, 3Cpro induced the cleavage of PABPC1 by its protease activity. The SVV strains with inactive point mutants of 3Cpro (H48A, C160A or H48A/C160A) can not be rescued by reverse genetics, suggesting that sites 48 and 160 of 3Cpro were essential for SVV replication. SVV 3Cpro induced the cleavage of PABPC1 at residue 437. A detailed data analysis showed that SVV infection and the overexpression of 3Cpro decreased the protein synthesis rates. The protease activity of 3Cpro was essential for inhibiting the protein synthesis. Our results also indicated that PABPC1 inhibited SVV replication. These data reveal a novel antagonistic mechanism and pathogenesis mediated by SVV and highlight the importance of 3Cpro on SVV replication.
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45
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Houston E, Temeeyasen G, Piñeyro PE. Comprehensive review on immunopathogenesis, diagnostic and epidemiology of Senecavirus A. Virus Res 2020; 286:198038. [PMID: 32479975 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA), formerly known as Seneca Valley virus, is a single-strand, positive-sense RNA virus in the family Picornaviridae. This virus has been associated with recent outbreaks of vesicular disease (SVA-VD) and epidemic transient neonatal losses (ETNL) in several swine-producing countries. The clinical manifestation of and lesion caused by SVA are indistinguishable from other vesicular diseases. Pathogenicity studies indicate that SVA could regulate the host innate immune response to facilitate virus replication and the spread of the virus to bystander cells. SVA infection can induce specific humoral and cellular responses that can be detected within the first week of infection. However, SVA seems to produce persistent infection, and the virus can be shed in oral fluids for a month and detected in tissues for approximately two months after experimental infection. SVA transmission could be horizontal or vertical in infected herds of swine, while positive animals can also remain subclinical. In addition, mice seem to act as reservoirs, and the virus can persist in feed and feed ingredients, increasing the risk of introduction into naïve farms. Besides the pathological effects in swine, SVA possesses cytolytic activity, especially in neoplastic cells. Thus, SVA has been evaluated in phase II clinical trials as a virotherapy for neuroendocrine tumors. The goal of this review is summarize the current SVA-related research in pathogenesis, immunity, epidemiology and advances in diagnosis as well as discuses current challenges with subclinical/persistent presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Houston
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Gun Temeeyasen
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Pablo Enrique Piñeyro
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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Liu J, Guo Q, Li H, Yu X, Liu B, Zhao B, Ning Z. Genomic diversity and recombination of Seneca Valley viruses emerged in pig herds in Guangdong Province during 2019. Virus Genes 2020; 56:642-645. [PMID: 32447588 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-020-01769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is an emerging global picornavirus that causes porcine idiopathic vesicular disease. We characterized the genome and conducted evolutionary and recombination analyses of four newly identified SVV strains which were CH-GDZS-2019, CH-GDMZ-2019, CH-GDHZ01-2019, and CH-GDHZ02-2019. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that strains circulating in swine herds in China were genetically diverse and complex. Recombination analyses indicated that strain CH-GDZS-2019 was derived from strains USA-IA44662-2015-P1 and USA-GBI29-2015, which were both isolated in the USA in 2015, while CH-GDMZ-2019 was derived from the Chinese field strains 1-2018-BH-China and CH-GDQC-2017. Our results provided important insights into the molecular characterization of the SVV strains co-circulating in Guangdong Province in China in 2019 and demonstrated the importance of additional SVV surveillance in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qianju Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huizi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xianglong Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Boyang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Bingqian Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhangyong Ning
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Liu F, Huang Y, Wang Q, Shan H. Construction of eGFP-Tagged Senecavirus A for Facilitating Virus Neutralization Test and Antiviral Assay. Viruses 2020; 12:v12030283. [PMID: 32150804 PMCID: PMC7150990 DOI: 10.3390/v12030283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA), also known as Seneca Valley virus, is an emerging virus that causes vesicular disease in pigs. This virus belongs to the genus Senecavirus in the family Picornaviridae. The SVA CH-LX-01-2016 was isolated from Guangdong Province of China in 2016. In this study, a recombinant SVA CH-LX-01-2016 was constructed using reverse genetics, and proven to be able to express efficiently an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) in vitro. This eGFP-tagged recombinant SVA (rSVA-eGFP) exhibited a high capacity for viral replication. Its fluorescence-tracked characteristics greatly facilitated both virus neutralization test (VNT) and antiviral assay. The rSVA-eGFP-based VNT was used to detect eight porcine serum samples, out of which four were determined to be neutralization titer-positive. Subsequently, two antiviral drugs, ribavirin and apigenin, were assayed for evaluating both effects against the rSVA-eGFP in vitro. The result showed that only the ribavirin exhibited an anti-SVA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxiao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.H.); (Q.W.)
- Qingdao Research Center for Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Qingdao 266109, China
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Yilan Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.H.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qianqian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.H.); (Q.W.)
| | - Hu Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.H.); (Q.W.)
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of New Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, Qingdao 266109, China
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (H.S.)
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48
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Guo Z, Chen XX, Ruan H, Qiao S, Deng R, Zhang G. Isolation of Three Novel Senecavirus A Strains and Recombination Analysis Among Senecaviruses in China. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:2. [PMID: 32047757 PMCID: PMC6996486 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA), an emerging swine picornavirus of swine, is one of the causative agents of vesicular disease which is clinically indistinguishable from foot-and-mouth disease in pigs. Here, 3 cases of vesicular disease were reported which was caused by SVA in November 2018 in Henan, China. Three new SVA strains were identified and conducted a genetically evolutionary analysis. The isolates shared 98.1–99.0% genomic pairwise identity to each other and had the highest similarity, of 98.3–98.7%, with the American strain KS15-01, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Chinese prevalent strains could be clearly divided into cluster 1, cluster 2, and cluster 3. Furthermore, one isolate (HeNNY-1/2018) and two previously reported strains (HB-CH-2016 and SVA/CHN/10/2017) were identified as recombinants using several algorithms. It revealed that the recombination among SVA strains has occurred in China since 2016 or earlier. The findings of studies updated the prevalent status of SVA in China. Besides, the genetic evolution and recombinant events of SVA should be attracted more attentions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin-Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiyu Ruan
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Songlin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruiguang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
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Jayawardena N, Burga LN, Poirier JT, Bostina M. Virus-Receptor Interactions: Structural Insights For Oncolytic Virus Development. Oncolytic Virother 2019; 8:39-56. [PMID: 31754615 PMCID: PMC6825474 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s218494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in oncolytic virotherapy commend a special attention to developing new strategies for targeting cancer cells with oncolytic viruses (OVs). Modifications of the viral envelope or coat proteins serve as a logical mean of repurposing viruses for cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss how detailed structural knowledge of the interactions between OVs and their natural receptors provide valuable insights into tumor specificity of some viruses and re-targeting of alternate receptors for broad tumor tropism or improved tumor selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadishka Jayawardena
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Laura N Burga
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - John T Poirier
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mihnea Bostina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Otago Micro and Nano Imaging, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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50
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Hou L, Dong J, Zhu S, Yuan F, Wei L, Wang J, Quan R, Chu J, Wang D, Jiang H, Xi Y, Li Z, Song H, Guo Y, Lv M, Liu J. Seneca valley virus activates autophagy through the PERK and ATF6 UPR pathways. Virology 2019; 537:254-263. [PMID: 31539773 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Diverse effects on autophagy, a cell degradation pathway, have been associated with the infectious mechanisms of different pathogens. Here, we demonstrated that Seneca valley virus (SVV), an important emerging porcine virus characterized by vesicular lesions and neonatal mortality, can induce autophagy in cultured PK-15 and BHK-21 cells by detecting autophagosome formation, GFP-LC3 puncta and accumulation of LC3-II proteins. Treatment with pharmacological inducers/inhibitors and small interfering RNA sequences targeting genes critical for autophagosome formation affected autophagy induction and viral yields. SVV induced a complete autophagic process to enhance its replication. The PERK and ATF6 pathways, two components of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-related unfolded protein response (UPR), were also activated in SVV-infected cells and downregulation of their expression suppressed SVV-induced autophagy and viral yields. Overall, these results reveal that SVV induces autophagy in cultured cells through the PERK and ATF6 pathways, thereby contributing to understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying SVV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jianguo Dong
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Feng Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Li Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Rong Quan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jun Chu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Haijun Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yanyang Xi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Huiqi Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yuxin Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Moran Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
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