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Zhang H, Li C, Xu H, Gong B, Li W, Guo Z, Xiang L, Sun Q, Zhao J, Peng J, Wang Q, Zhou G, Tang YD, An T, Cai XH, Tian ZJ. Protective efficacy of a candidate live attenuated vaccine derived from the SD-R strain of lineage 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus against a lethal challenge with HP-PRRSV HuN4 in piglets. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0198423. [PMID: 37819126 PMCID: PMC10714764 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01984-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Both highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) and NADC30-like PRRSV have caused tremendous economic losses to the Chinese pig industry. In this study, a good challenge model was established to evaluate the protection afforded by the candidate SD-R vaccine against infection with a representative HP-PRRSV strain (HuN4). The control piglets in the challenge experiment displayed obvious clinical symptoms of PRRSV infection, with a mortality rate up to 40%. In contrast, all the piglets in the vaccinated challenged group survived, and only some pigs had transient fever. The daily gain of SD-R immunized group piglets was significantly increased, and the pathological changes were significantly reduced. In addition, the viral replication levels in the serum of the immunized group were significantly lower than those of the challenged control group. The live attenuated vaccine SD-R strain can provide protection against HP-PRRSV challenge, indicating that the SD-R strain is a promising vaccine candidate for use in the swine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Bangjun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wansheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lirun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jinmei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guohui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Tongqing An
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xue-Hui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Xu H, Li C, Gong B, Li W, Guo Z, Sun Q, Zhao J, Xiang L, Li J, Tang YD, Leng C, Wang Q, Peng J, Zhou G, Liu H, An T, Cai X, Tian ZJ, Zhang H. Protective Efficacy of a Candidate Live-Attenuated Vaccine Derived from the SD-R Strain against NADC34-like Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1349. [PMID: 37631917 PMCID: PMC10459522 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
NADC34-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strains were first detected in China in 2017 and became major circulating strains in 2021. Our previous study showed that the live-attenuated vaccine candidate SD-R strain could provide broad cross-protection against different NADC30-like PRRSVs (sublineage 1.8). However, the protective effect of SD-R against NADC34-like PRRSV is unclear. Here, a novel NADC34-like PRRSV, LNTZJ1341-2012, was isolated from a pig farm experiencing disease in 2020. Sequence analysis revealed that LNTZJ1341-2012 belonged to PRRSV-2 sublineage 1.5, exhibited the same Nsp2 amino-acid deletion characteristics as IA/2014/NADC34, and had not recombined with other strains. Additionally, a good challenge model was established to evaluate the protection afforded by the candidate SD-R vaccine against infection with a representative NADC34-like strain (LNTZJ1341-2012). The control piglets in the challenge experiment displayed clinical signs typical of PRRSV infection, including transient fever, high viremia, mild clinical symptoms, and histopathological changes in the lungs and submaxillary lymph nodes. In contrast, SD-R vaccination significantly reduced serum and lung tissue viral loads, and vaccinated piglets did not show any clinical symptoms or histopathological changes. Our results demonstrated that LNTZJ1341-2012 is a mildly virulent NADC34-like PRRSV and that the live-attenuated vaccine SD-R can prevent the onset of clinical signs upon challenge with the NADC34-like PRRSV LNTZJ1341-2012 strain, indicating that SD-R is a promising vaccine candidate for the swine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Bangjun Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Wansheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Zhenyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Qi Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Lirun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Jinhao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Chaoliang Leng
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China;
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Jinmei Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Guohui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Huairan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Tongqing An
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Xuehui Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Zhi-Jun Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
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Stas MR, Kreutzmann H, Stadler J, Sassu EL, Mair KH, Koch M, Knecht C, Stadler M, Dolezal M, Balka G, Zaruba M, Mötz M, Saalmüller A, Rümenapf T, Gerner W, Ladinig A. Influence of PRRSV-1 vaccination and infection on mononuclear immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1055048. [PMID: 36426366 PMCID: PMC9679432 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1055048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most devastating viruses for the global swine industry. Infection during late gestation causes reproductive failure but the local immune response in utero remains poorly understood. In this study, an experimental PRRSV-infection model with two different PRRSV-1 field isolates was used to investigate the immune cell phenotypes at the maternal-fetal interface during late gestation. In addition, phenotypic changes induced by a modified live virus (MLV, ReproCyc® PRRS EU) vaccine were studied. Vaccinated (n = 12) and non-vaccinated pregnant gilts (n = 12) were challenged with either one of the PRRSV-1 field isolates (low vs. high virulent, LV or HV) or sham-inoculated at day 84 of gestation. Twenty-one days post infection all gilts were euthanized and the fetal preservation status for all fetuses per litter was assessed. Leukocytes from the maternal-fetal interface were isolated and PRRSV-induced changes were investigated using ex vivo phenotyping by flow cytometry. PRRSV load in tissue from the maternal endometrium (ME) and fetal placenta (FP) was determined by RT-qPCR. In the ME, a vast increase in CD8β T cells with CD8αposCD27dim early effector phenotype was found for fetuses from the non-vaccinated LV and HV-challenged gilts, compared to non-treated and vaccinated-only controls. HV-challenged fetuses also showed significant increases of lymphocytes with effector phenotypes in the FP, including NKp46pos NK cells, CD8αhigh γδ T cells, as well as CD8αposCD27pos/dim CD4 and CD8 T cells. In vaccinated animals, this common activation of effector phenotypes was more confined and the fetal preservation status significantly improved. Furthermore, a negative correlation between the viral load and CD163highCD169pos mononuclear phagocytic cells was observed in the FP of HV-infected animals. These results suggest that the strong expansion of effector lymphocytes in gilts that were only infected causes immune-pathogenesis rather than protection. In contrast, the attenuated MLV seems to dampen this effect, yet presumably induces memory cells that limit reproductive failure. This work provides valuable insights into changes of local immune cell phenotypes following PRRSV vaccination and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R. Stas
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinrich Kreutzmann
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Stadler
- Clinic for Swine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Elena L. Sassu
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kerstin H. Mair
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pathobiology, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Koch
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Knecht
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Stadler
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlies Dolezal
- Platform for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gyula Balka
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marianne Zaruba
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Mötz
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armin Saalmüller
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Till Rümenapf
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilhelm Gerner
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Ladinig
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Zhao HZ, Wang FX, Han XY, Guo H, Liu CY, Hou LN, Wang YX, Zheng H, Wang L, Wen YJ. Recent advances in the study of NADC34-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:950402. [PMID: 35935186 PMCID: PMC9354828 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.950402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was first described in China in 1996, several genetically distinct strains of PRRSV have emerged with varying pathogenicity and severity, thereby making the prevention and control of PRRS more difficult in China and worldwide. Between 2017 and 2021, the detection rate of NADC34-like strain in China increased. To date, NADC34-like strains have spread to 10 Chinese provinces and have thus developed different degrees of pathogenicity and mortality. In this review, we summarize the history of NADC34-like strains in China and clarify the prevalence, genomic characteristics, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, recombination, pathogenicity, and vaccine status of this strain in China. In so doing, this study aims to provide a basis for the further development of prevention and control measures targeting the NADC34-like strain.
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