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Intimayta-Escalante C, Tapia-Sequeiros G, Rojas-Bolivar D. Sociodemographic Inequalities in COVID-19 Booster Dose Vaccination Coverage: a Retrospective Study of 196 Provinces in Peru. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024:10.1007/s40615-024-02060-7. [PMID: 38914811 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-024-02060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 vaccination coverage shows variability in booster doses between residency areas or ethnicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate how sociodemographic conditions influence unequal vaccination coverage with booster doses against COVID-19 in Peru. METHODS A retrospective, ecological study with an evaluation of 196 provinces in Peru. The sociodemographic conditions were evaluated as sources of inequality (sex, age group, educational level, residence area, and ethnic group). The inequality measure used was the GINI, an index that show the inequal vaccination coverage with third and fourth booster doses against COVID-19 in Peruvians provinces. The index allow determinate a higher inequality when the value is near to 1, and a lower inequality when the value is near to 0. Also, the impact of each sociodemographic condition in the general inequality was evaluate with a decomposition analysis of GINI coefficient into Sk (composition effect), Gk (redistribution effect), Rk (differential effect). RESULTS In provinces evaluated the mean vaccine coverage for the third and fourth booster doses was 57.00% and 22.19%, respectively at twelve months since the beginning of vaccination campaign. The GINI coefficient was 0.33 and 0.31, for the third and fourth booster doses coverage, respectively. In the decomposition analysis, twelve months after the start of the third and fourth dose vaccination campaign, revealed higher Sk values for people living in rural areas (Sk = 0.94 vs. Sk = 2.39, respectively for third and fourth dose), while higher Gk values for Aymara (Gk = 0.92 vs. Gk = 0.92, respectively), Quechua (Gk = 0.53 vs. Gk = 0.53, respectively), and Afro-Peruvians (Gk = 0.61 vs. Gk = 0.61, respectively). Also, higher negative correlation in Rk values for people with elementary education (Rk=-0.43 vs. Rk=-0.33, respectively), aged between 15 and 19 years (Rk=-0.49 vs. Rk=-0.37, respectively), and Aymara (Rk=-0.51 vs. Rk=-0.66, respectively). CONCLUSION The rural residency area, lower education and Quechua, Aymara or Afro-Peruvians ethnicity determinated inequalities in vaccination coverage with booster doses against COVID-19 in Peruvian provinces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Rojas-Bolivar
- Asociación para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Estudiantil en Ciencias de la Salud, Lima, Peru
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Alwahaibi N, Al Maskari M, Al-Jaaidi S, Al Dhahli B, Al Issaei H, Al Bahlani S. COVID-19 in the Arab countries: Three-year study. F1000Res 2024; 12:1448. [PMID: 38854702 PMCID: PMC11157493 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.142541.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Twenty-two Arab countries share a common language, history, and culture. Nevertheless, governmental policies, healthcare systems, and resources differ from one Arab country to another. We have been following Coronavirus (COVID-19) from the beginning in each Arab country. In the present study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of COVID-19 in the Arab world and to compare these findings with other significantly affected countries. Methods Websites of the World Health Organization, World COVID-vaccinations tracker, Worldometer, and Ministries of Health were used to extract COVID-19 data in all Arab countries between the period January 2020 to December 2022. Results All Arab countries had 14,218,042 total confirmed COVID-19 cases, 13,384,924 total recovered cases and 173,544 total related deaths. The trend demonstrated that the third quarter of 2021 recorded the highest death toll and the first quarter of 2022 recorded the highest number of confirmed and recovered cases. Compared to the top 15 affected countries, the Arab world ranked last as it had the lowest overall incidence per million population (PMP) of 31,609. The data on total deaths PMP showed that India had the lowest number of deaths with only 377 cases followed by the Arab world with 386 cases. Conclusions Although the number of confirmed, death, and recovered cases of COVID-19 have greatly reduced in the last quarter of 2022 in most Arab countries, many Arab countries still need to re-campaign about COVID-19 vaccines and raise awareness programs about boosters. COVID-19 has had a relatively smaller impact on Arab countries than on other countries that have been significantly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasar Alwahaibi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Muscat Governorate, Oman
| | - Muna Al Maskari
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Muscat Governorate, Oman
| | - Samiya Al-Jaaidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Muscat Governorate, Oman
| | - Buthaina Al Dhahli
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Muscat Governorate, Oman
| | - Halima Al Issaei
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Muscat Governorate, Oman
| | - Shadia Al Bahlani
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Muscat Governorate, Oman
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Ato D. The mRNA Vaccination Rate Is Negatively and the Proportion of Elderly Individuals Is Positively Associated With the Excess Mortality Rate After 2020 in Japan. Cureus 2024; 16:e52490. [PMID: 38371060 PMCID: PMC10874131 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of mRNA vaccines on excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan is not clear. This study aimed to verify the explanatory factors of excess mortality rate using officially published data by government and research institutions. METHODS Multiple regression analysis was performed using the excess mortality rate in Japanese prefectures as the objective variable and the mRNA vaccination rate, proportion of elderly individuals in the population, number of physicians per population, and medical expenditure per person as explanatory variables. RESULTS From July 2021 to April 2023, the independent determinants of the excess mortality rate were as follows: proportion of elderly individuals (regression coefficient (B) = 0.0097, p < 0.001), partial vaccination rate (B = -0.0034, p = 0.048), proportion of elderly individuals (B = 0.010, p < 0.001), and third-shot vaccination rate (B = -0.0025, p < 0.046). The stepwise method did not essentially change the results. However, the p-values were smaller. The other two indicators were not associated with the excess mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS mRNA vaccination was associated with a lower excess mortality in Japan during the period, whereas the proportion of elderly individuals was associated with an increase in excess mortality. Thus, a policy of aggressive recommendations for mRNA vaccination is justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Ato
- Research, Independent Researcher, Toyonaka, JPN
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López D, García-Peydró M. Could SARS-CoV-1 Vaccines in the Pipeline Have Contributed to Fighting the COVID-19 Pandemic? Lessons for the Next Coronavirus Plague. Biomedicines 2023; 12:62. [PMID: 38255169 PMCID: PMC10813159 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 caused the devastating COVID-19 pandemic, which, to date, has resulted in more than 800 million confirmed cases and 7 million deaths worldwide. The rapid development and distribution (at least in high-income countries) of various vaccines prevented these overwhelming numbers of infections and deaths from being much higher. But would it have been possible to develop a prophylaxis against this pandemic more quickly? Since SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the subgenus sarbecovirus, with its highly homologous SARS-CoV-1, we propose here that while SARS-CoV-2-specific vaccines are being developed, phase II clinical trials of specific SARS-CoV-1 vaccines, which have been in the pipeline since the early 20th century, could have been conducted to test a highly probable cross-protection between SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel López
- Presentation and Immune Regulation Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain
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Feghaly E, Hanna V, Mohamad NK, Assaf MA, Sebastian J, El Khatib S, Karam R, Zeitoun A, Berry A, Samaha H, Shouman M, Obeid S, Hallit S, Malaeb D. Trust in pharmaceuticals and vaccine hesitancy: exploring factors influencing COVID-19 immunization among Lebanese children aged 1 to 11 years. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:570. [PMID: 37974145 PMCID: PMC10652549 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious threat to everyone's health. Numerous studies have demonstrated that vaccines are very effective in preventing COVID-19-related severe illness, hospitalization, and death. Children's vaccination exerts its protecting effect by preventing the spread of the virus. The purpose of this study was to analyze the rate of COVID-19 immunization among Lebanese children aged 1 to 11 years and assess parental factors that affect immunization rates. METHODS An online cross-sectional study was conducted between January and March 2023. The online survey was distributed across all social media channels, including the Ministry of Public Health website. RESULTS A total of 390 parents filled the survey (mean age = 37.48 ± 8.39 years; 50.5% mothers; 70% with a university level of education). Mothers compared to fathers, having a history of bad reaction to a vaccine vs. not, and higher vaccine hesitancy were significantly associated with less willingness to administer the vaccine to the child. Trusting pharmaceutical companies was significantly associated with more willingness to administer the vaccine to the child. CONCLUSION The results of this study show that the factors associated with parents' decisions to vaccinate their children may vary. Our findings conclude that vaccine acceptance is being highly associated with parental concerns, trust, and information regarding the vaccine safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Feghaly
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon
| | - Venise Hanna
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon
| | | | - Mohamad Ali Assaf
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon
| | - Juny Sebastian
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sami El Khatib
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon
- Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics (CAMB), Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah, Kuwait
| | - Rita Karam
- Quality Assurance of Pharmaceutical Products Department, National Pharmacovigilance Program, Lebanese Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abeer Zeitoun
- Quality Assurance of Pharmaceutical Products Department, National Pharmacovigilance Program, Lebanese Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Atika Berry
- Preventive Medicine Department, Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hajar Samaha
- Preventive Medicine Department, Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwa Shouman
- Preventive Medicine Department, Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon.
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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Mendoza-Cano O, Trujillo X, Huerta M, Ríos-Silva M, Guzmán-Esquivel J, Lugo-Radillo A, Benites-Godínez V, Bricio-Barrios JA, Cárdenas-Rojas MI, Ríos-Bracamontes EF, Guzman-Solorzano HP, Baltazar-Rodríguez GM, Ruiz-Montes de Oca V, Ortega-Macías VM, Ortega-Ramírez AD, Murillo-Zamora E. Assessing the Influence of COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage on Excess Mortality across 178 Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1294. [PMID: 37631862 PMCID: PMC10459907 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on global health, necessitating urgent and effective strategies to mitigate its consequences. Vaccination programs have been implemented worldwide to combat virus transmission and reduce the disease burden. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 vaccination coverage and all-cause excess mortality in 178 nations during the first two years of the pandemic. Multiple regression analysis, after adjusting for life expectancy at birth, confirmed a significant association between higher vaccination coverage and lower all-cause mortality rates (β = -106.8, 95% CI -175.4 to -38.2, p = 0.002). These findings underscore the importance of vaccination campaigns in reducing overall mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence-based decision making and resource allocation can benefit from this information, facilitating the optimization of vaccination strategies for maximal impact on mortality reduction. Further research and continuous monitoring are crucial to understanding the long-term effects of vaccination coverage on population health in the ongoing pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Mendoza-Cano
- Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad de Colima, km. 9 Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán, Colima 28400, Mexico
| | - Xóchitl Trujillo
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de Julio 965, Col. Villas San Sebastián, Colima 28045, Mexico
| | - Miguel Huerta
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de Julio 965, Col. Villas San Sebastián, Colima 28045, Mexico
| | - Mónica Ríos-Silva
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, CONAHCyT—Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de Julio 965, Col. Villas San Sebastián, Colima 28045, Mexico
| | - José Guzmán-Esquivel
- Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Lapislázuli 250, Col. El Haya, Colima 28984, Mexico
| | - Agustin Lugo-Radillo
- CONAHCyT—Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda Aguilera S/N, Carr. A San Felipe del Agua, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico
| | - Verónica Benites-Godínez
- Coordinación de Educación en Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Calzada del Ejercito Nacional 14, Col. Fray Junípero Serra, Nayarit 63160, Mexico
- Unidad Académica de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura Amado Nervo, Nayarit 63155, Mexico
| | | | - Martha Irazema Cárdenas-Rojas
- Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Lapislázuli 250, Col. El Haya, Colima 28984, Mexico
| | - Eder Fernando Ríos-Bracamontes
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital General de Zona No. 1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Lapislázuli 250, Col. El Haya, Colima 28984, Mexico
| | | | - Greta Mariana Baltazar-Rodríguez
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Guadalajara, Av. Gral. Ramón Corona No. 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, Zapopan 45201, Mexico
| | - Valeria Ruiz-Montes de Oca
- Plantel Guadalajara, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Cuauhtémoc, Av. del Bajío No. 5901, Col. Del Bajío, Zapopan 45019, Mexico
| | | | - Ana Daniela Ortega-Ramírez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Av. Universidad 333, Col. Las Víboras, Colima 28040, Mexico
| | - Efrén Murillo-Zamora
- Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Lapislázuli 250, Col. El Haya, Colima 28984, Mexico
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Wang Y, Xu J, Shi L, Yang H, Wang Y. A Meta-Analysis on the Association between Peptic Ulcer Disease and COVID-19 Severity. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1087. [PMID: 37376476 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between peptic ulcer disease and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is inconclusive across individual studies. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether there was a significant association between peptic ulcer disease and COVID-19 severity through a meta-analysis. The electronic databases (Web of Science, Wiley, Springer, EMBASE, Elsevier, Cochrane Library, Scopus and PubMed) were retrieved for all eligible studies. The Stata 11.2 software was used for all statistical analyses. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated by a random-effects meta-analysis model. The heterogeneity was evaluated by the inconsistency index (I2) and Cochran's Q test. Egger's analysis and Begg's analysis were conducted to evaluate the publication bias. Meta-regression analysis and subgroup analysis were done to explore the potential source of heterogeneity. Totally, our findings based on confounding variables-adjusted data indicated that there was no significant association between peptic ulcer disease and the higher risk for COVID-19 severity (pooled OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.97-1.41) based on 15 eligible studies with 4,533,426 participants. When the subgroup analysis was performed by age (mean or median), there was a significant association between peptic ulcer disease and a higher risk for COVID-19 severity among studies with age ≥ 60 years old (pooled OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01-1.32), but not among studies with age < 60 years old (pooled OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.89-1.50). Our meta-analysis showed that there was a significant association between peptic ulcer disease and a higher risk for COVID-19 severity among older patients but not among younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Liqin Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou 450016, China
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Cárdenas-Rojas MI, Guzmán-Esquivel J, Murillo-Zamora E. Predictors of ICU Admission in Children with COVID-19: Analysis of a Large Mexican Population Dataset. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103593. [PMID: 37240699 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Children, although mostly affected mildly or asymptomatically, have also developed severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aims to assess potential predictors of intensive care unit (ICU) admission in a large population (n = 21,121) of children aged 0-9 years with laboratory-confirmed disease. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of a publicly available dataset derived from the normative epidemiological surveillance of COVID-19 in Mexico. The primary binary outcome of interest was admission to the ICU due to respiratory failure. Results showed that immunosuppressed children and those with a personal history of cardiovascular disease had a higher likelihood of being admitted to the ICU, while increasing age and the pandemic duration were associated with a lower likelihood of admission. The study's results have the potential to inform clinical decision-making and enhance management and outcomes for children affected by COVID-19 in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha I Cárdenas-Rojas
- Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Lapislázuli 250, Col. El Haya, Villa de Álvarez 28984, Mexico
| | - José Guzmán-Esquivel
- Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Lapislázuli 250, Col. El Haya, Villa de Álvarez 28984, Mexico
| | - Efrén Murillo-Zamora
- Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Lapislázuli 250, Col. El Haya, Villa de Álvarez 28984, Mexico
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Sloane R, Pieper CF, Faldowski R, Wixted D, Neighbors CE, Woods CW, Kristin Newby L. COVID-19 Infection Risk Among Previously Uninfected Adults: Development of a Prognostic Model. Health Serv Res Manag Epidemiol 2023; 10:23333928231154336. [PMID: 37006334 PMCID: PMC10052611 DOI: 10.1177/23333928231154336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Few models exist that incorporate measures from an array of individual characteristics to predict the risk of COVID-19 infection in the general population. The aim was to develop a prognostic model for COVID-19 using readily obtainable clinical variables. Methods Over 74 weeks surveys were periodically administered to a cohort of 1381 participants previously uninfected with COVID-19 (June 2020 to December 2021). Candidate predictors of incident infection during follow-up included demographics, living situation, financial status, physical activity, health conditions, flu vaccination history, COVID-19 vaccine intention, work/employment status, and use of COVID-19 mitigation behaviors. The final logistic regression model was created using a penalized regression method known as the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. Model performance was assessed by discrimination and calibration. Internal validation was performed via bootstrapping, and results were adjusted for overoptimism. Results Of the 1381 participants, 154 (11.2%) had an incident COVID-19 infection during the follow-up period. The final model included six variables: health insurance, race, household size, and the frequency of practicing three mitigation behavior (working at home, avoiding high-risk situations, and using facemasks). The c-statistic of the final model was 0.631 (0.617 after bootstrapped optimism-correction). A calibration plot suggested that with this sample the model shows modest concordance with incident infection at the lowest risk. Conclusion This prognostic model can help identify which community-dwelling older adults are at the highest risk for incident COVID-19 infection and may inform medical provider counseling of their patients about the risk of incident COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Sloane
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Richard Sloane, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Box 3003, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Carl F Pieper
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Richard Faldowski
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Douglas Wixted
- Duke Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Coralei E Neighbors
- Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher W Woods
- Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - L Kristin Newby
- Duke Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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