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Kaur R, Arora N, Rawat SS, Keshri AK, Singh G, Kumar R, Prasad A. Recognition of immune reactive proteins as a potential multiepitope vaccine candidate of Taenia solium cysticerci through proteomic approach. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1587-1602. [PMID: 37697970 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Metacestode, the larva of Taenia solium, is the causative agent for neurocysticercosis (NCC), which causes epilepsy. The unavailability of a vaccine against human NCC is a major cause for its widespread prevalence across the globe. Therefore, the development of a reliable vaccine against NCC is the need of the hour. Employing a combination of proteomics and immunoinformatics, we endeavored to formulate a vaccine candidate. The immune reactive cyst fluid antigens of T. solium were identified by immune-blotting two-dimensional gels with NCC patient's sera, followed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization analysis. We performed a detailed proteomic study of these immune reactive proteins by utilizing immune-informatics tools, identified the nontoxic, nonallergic, B-cell epitopes, and collected epitopes with the least sequence homology with human and other Taenia species. These epitopes were joined through linkers to construct a multiepitope vaccine. Different physiochemical parameters such as molecular weight (23.82 kDa), instability (39.91), and aliphatic index (49.61) were calculated to ensure the stability of the linked peptides vaccine. The vaccine demonstrated stable interactions with different immune receptors like Toll-like receptor 4 and IgG confirming that it will effectively stimulate the host immune response. We anticipate that our designed B-cell linear epitope-based vaccine will show promising results in in vitro and in vivo assays. This study provides a platform that would be useful to develop other suitable vaccine candidates to prevent helminthic neglected tropical diseases in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimanpreet Kaur
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Naina Arora
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Suraj S Rawat
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anand K Keshri
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Dayanad Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- CSIR-Institute for Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Prasad
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Indian Knowledge System and Mental Health Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Montemari AL, Marzano V, Essa N, Levi Mortera S, Rossitto M, Gardini S, Selan L, Vrenna G, Onetti Muda A, Putignani L, Fiscarelli EV. A Shaving Proteomic Approach to Unveil Surface Proteins Modulation of Multi-Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Isolated From Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:818669. [PMID: 35355602 PMCID: PMC8959810 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.818669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common rare disease caused by a mutation of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator gene encoding a channel protein of the apical membrane of epithelial cells leading to alteration of Na+ and K+ transport, hence inducing accumulation of dense and sticky mucus and promoting recurrent airway infections. The most detected bacterium in CF patients is Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) which causes chronic colonization, requiring stringent antibiotic therapies that, in turn induces multi-drug resistance. Despite eradication attempts at the first infection, the bacterium is able to utilize several adaptation mechanisms to survive in hostile environments such as the CF lung. Its adaptive machinery includes modulation of surface molecules such as efflux pumps, flagellum, pili and other virulence factors. In the present study we compared surface protein expression of PA multi- and pan-drug resistant strains to wild-type antibiotic-sensitive strains, isolated from the airways of CF patients with chronic colonization and recent infection, respectively. After shaving with trypsin, microbial peptides were analyzed by tandem-mass spectrometry on a high-resolution platform that allowed the identification of 174 differentially modulated proteins localized in the region from extracellular space to cytoplasmic membrane. Biofilm assay was performed to characterize all 26 PA strains in term of biofilm production. Among the differentially expressed proteins, 17 were associated to the virulome (e.g., Tse2, Tse5, Tsi1, PilF, FliY, B-type flagellin, FliM, PyoS5), six to the resistome (e.g., OprJ, LptD) and five to the biofilm reservoir (e.g., AlgF, PlsD). The biofilm assay characterized chronic antibiotic-resistant isolates as weaker biofilm producers than wild-type strains. Our results suggest the loss of PA early virulence factors (e.g., pili and flagella) and later expression of virulence traits (e.g., secretion systems proteins) as an indicator of PA adaptation and persistence in the CF lung environment. To our knowledge, this is the first study that, applying a shaving proteomic approach, describes adaptation processes of a large collection of PA clinical strains isolated from CF patients in early and chronic infection phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lisa Montemari
- Department of Diagnostics and Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Unit of Cystic Fibrosis Diagnostics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Marzano
- Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nour Essa
- Department of Diagnostics and Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Unit of Cystic Fibrosis Diagnostics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Levi Mortera
- Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Rossitto
- Department of Diagnostics and Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Unit of Cystic Fibrosis Diagnostics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Selan
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Vrenna
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Onetti Muda
- Department of Diagnostics and Laboratory Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Department of Diagnostics and Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Unit of Microbiomics, and Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ersilia Vita Fiscarelli
- Department of Diagnostics and Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Unit of Cystic Fibrosis Diagnostics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Approaching In Vivo Models of Pneumococcus-Host Interaction: Insights into Surface Proteins, Capsule Production, and Extracellular Vesicles. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091098. [PMID: 34578131 PMCID: PMC8471892 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae have become a major health problem worldwide because of their high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in developing countries. This microorganism colonizes the human upper respiratory tract and becomes pathogenic under certain circumstances, which are not well known. In the interaction with the host, bacterial surface structures and proteins play major roles. To gain knowledge into gradual changes and adaptive mechanisms that this pathogen undergoes from when it enters the host, we mimicked several in vivo situations representing interaction with epithelial and macrophage cells, as well as a condition of presence in blood. Then, we analyzed, in four pneumococcal strains, two major surface structures, the capsule and extracellular vesicles produced by the pneumococci, as well as surface proteins by proteomics, using the “shaving” approach, followed by LC-MS/MS. We found important differences in both surface ultrastructures and proteins among the culture conditions and strains used. Thus, this work provides insights into physiological adaptations of the pneumococcus when it interacts with the host, which may be useful for the design of strategies to combat infections caused by this pathogen.
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Chaiden C, Jaresitthikunchai J, Phaonakrop N, Roytrakul S, Kerdsin A, Nuanualsuwan S. Peptidomics Analysis of Virulent Peptides Involved in Streptococcus suis Pathogenesis. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092480. [PMID: 34573446 PMCID: PMC8468194 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The virulence factors and pathogenesis of S. suis are inconclusive. Here, the associated proteins, or their derived peptides, involved in the survival of S. suis when simulated with a blood environment are demonstrated. The results reveal the derived peptides or proteins of S. suis potentially serving as the putative virulence factors. Further studies based on our findings could be used to fulfill the knowledge gap of S. suis pathogenesis. Abstract Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a zoonotic pathogen causing severe streptococcal disease worldwide. S. suis infections in pigs and humans are frequently associated with the virulent S. suis serotype 2 (SS2). Though various virulence factors of S. suis have been proposed, most of them were not essentially accounted for in the experimental infections. In the present study, we compared the peptidomes of highly virulent SS2 and SS14 in humans, the swine causative serotypes SS7 and SS9, and the rarely reported serotypes SS25 and SS27, and they were cultured in a specified culture medium containing whole blood to simulate their natural host environment. LC-MS/MS could identify 22 unique peptides expressed in the six S. suis serotypes. Under the host-simulated environment, peptides from the ABC-type phosphate transport system (SSU05_1106) and 30S ribosomal protein S2 (rpsB) were detected in the peptidome of virulent SS2 and SS14. Therefore, we suggest that these two proteins or their derived peptides might be involved in the survival of S. suis when simulated with a blood environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadaporn Chaiden
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Janthima Jaresitthikunchai
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology for Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (J.J.); (N.P.)
| | - Narumon Phaonakrop
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology for Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (J.J.); (N.P.)
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology for Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (J.J.); (N.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (S.N.)
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand;
| | - Suphachai Nuanualsuwan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Food Risk Hub, Research Unit of Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (S.N.)
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Comparative Exoproteome Analysis of Streptococcus suis Human Isolates. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061287. [PMID: 34204746 PMCID: PMC8231589 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The swine pathogen Streptococcus suis is a Gram-positive bacterium which causes infections in pigs, with an impact in animal health and in the livestock industry, and it is also an important zoonotic agent. During the infection process, surface and secreted proteins are essential in the interaction between microorganisms and their hosts. Here, we report a comparative proteomic analysis of the proteins released to the extracellular milieu in six human clinical isolates belonging to the highly prevalent and virulent serotype 2. The total secreted content was precipitated and analyzed by GeLC-MS/MS. In the six strains, 144 proteins assigned to each of the categories of extracellular or surface proteins were identified, as well as 680 predicted cytoplasmic proteins, many of which are putative moonlighting proteins. Of the nine predicted signal peptide-I secreted proteins, seven had relevant antigenic potential when they were analyzed through bioinformatic analysis. This is the first work comparing the exoproteome fraction of several human isolates of this important pathogen.
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Omics and Bioinformatics Approaches to Identify Novel Antigens for Vaccine Investigation and Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040653. [PMID: 33153200 PMCID: PMC7711724 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the outstanding technological advances achieved in the last few decades, infectious diseases remain a major societal challenge. From the variolation carried out in ancient China during the 15th century to the more advanced RNA and DNA vaccines presently available, vaccines have been proven as highly effective therapeutic tools to combat various infectious diseases. Vaccine research and development is now empowered with recent advances in Omics sciences and the developments of powerful bioinformatics tools. This Special Issue has gathered a total of nine original papers, including seven research papers and two reviews, illustrating the use of Omics data and bioinformatics in the research, design and development of vaccines against pathogens and cancer. The integration of knowledge from Omics and Bioinformatics will certainly boost vaccine research and development, leading to novel therapeutic tools against new and old pathogens and cancer in the near future.
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Galán-Relaño Á, Gómez-Gascón L, Rodríguez-Franco A, Luque I, Huerta B, Tarradas C, Rodríguez-Ortega MJ. Search of Potential Vaccine Candidates against Trueperella pyogenes Infections through Proteomic and Bioinformatic Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020314. [PMID: 32560444 PMCID: PMC7350218 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes is an opportunistic pathogen, responsible for important infections in pigs and significant economic losses in swine production. To date, there are no available commercial vaccines to control diseases caused by this bacterium. In this work, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis of 15 T. pyogenes clinical isolates, by “shaving” live cells, followed by LC-MS/MS, aiming at the identification of the whole set of surface proteins (i.e., the “pan-surfome”) as a source of antigens to be tested in further studies as putative vaccine candidates, or used in diagnostic tools. A total of 140 surface proteins were detected, comprising 25 cell wall proteins, 10 secreted proteins, 23 lipoproteins and 82 membrane proteins. After describing the “pan-surfome”, the identified proteins were ranked in three different groups based on the following criteria: to be (i) surface-exposed, (ii) highly conserved and (iii) widely distributed among different isolates. Two cell wall proteins, three lipoproteins, four secreted and seven membrane proteins were identified in more than 70% of the studied strains, were highly expressed and highly conserved. These proteins are potential candidates, alone or in combination, to obtain effective vaccines against T. pyogenes or to be used in the diagnosis of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Galán-Relaño
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (Á.G.-R.); (I.L.); (B.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Lidia Gómez-Gascón
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (Á.G.-R.); (I.L.); (B.H.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Franco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, and Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (A.R.-F.); (M.J.R.-O.)
| | - Inmaculada Luque
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (Á.G.-R.); (I.L.); (B.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Belén Huerta
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (Á.G.-R.); (I.L.); (B.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Carmen Tarradas
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (Á.G.-R.); (I.L.); (B.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Manuel J. Rodríguez-Ortega
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, and Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (A.R.-F.); (M.J.R.-O.)
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