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Sisay AL, Getahun HA, Getachew N, Gebremedhin T, Sebero FM, Birhanu A, Gizaw AT. Barriers and Intention to Get Vaccinated for COVID-19 and Associated Factors Among Adults in Southwest Ethiopia: A Theory of Planned Behavior Approach. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:5741-5754. [PMID: 37670980 PMCID: PMC10476652 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s419952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Different vaccines have been approved for use against coronavirus disease and distributed globally in different regions. Efforts should be made on the vaccination to control the spread and impacts of the coronavirus pandemic. However, the general population's attitudes and intention to uptake coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations were poor. Objective This study aimed to assess the barriers to and intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19 and the associated factors among adults in the Jimma zone, Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study with multistage sampling was conducted with 621 participants from 16 April to 17 May 2022. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the outcome of interest. Statistical p-value ≤0.05 was set at p ≤ 0.05. Qualitative data were supplemented with quantitative results. Results The majority of the study participants (382 [61.5%]) intended to uptake the COVID-19 vaccine. In this study, travel history (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 2.18, 95% CI 1.23-3.87), vaccination history (AOR = 2.64, 95% CI 1.69-4.12), perceptions of infection prevention for COVID-19 (AOR = 1.97, 95% CI 1.28-3.03), subjective norm (AOR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.52-3.39), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) (AOR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.55-3.41) were significantly associated with the intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Conclusion More than half of the adult participants intended to be vaccinated against COVID-19. The study participant's traveling history, vaccination history, perception of infection prevention for COVID-19, subjective norms, and Perceived Behavioral Control were significantly associated with the intention to be vaccinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assefa Legesse Sisay
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Abebe Getahun
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Nigusu Getachew
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Gebremedhin
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | | | - Addis Birhanu
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Tamirat Gizaw
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Faculty of Public Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Al-kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alkazmi L, El-Bouseary MM, Hamad RS, Abdelhamid M, Batiha GES. The Potential Nexus between Helminths and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Literature Review. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:5544819. [PMID: 37383608 PMCID: PMC10299886 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5544819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic helminth infections (CHIs) can induce immunological tolerance through the upregulation of regulatory T cells. In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), abnormal adaptive immune response and exaggerated immune response may cause immune-mediated tissue damage. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and CHIs establish complicated immune interactions due to SARS-CoV-2-induced immunological stimulation and CHIs-induced immunological tolerance. However, COVID-19 severity in patients with CHIs is mild, as immune-suppressive anti-inflammatory cytokines counterbalance the risk of cytokine storm. Since CHIs have immunomodulatory effects, therefore, this narrative review aimed to clarify how CHIs modulate the immunoinflammatory response in SARS-CoV-2 infection. CHIs, through helminth-derived molecules, may suppress SARS-CoV-2 entry and associated hyperinflammation through attenuation of the inflammatory signaling pathway. In addition, CHIs may reduce the COVID-19 severity by reducing the SARS-CoV-2 entry points in the initial phase and immunomodulation in the late phase of the disease by suppressing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, CHIs may reduce the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection by reducing hyperinflammation and exaggerated immune response. Thus, retrospective and prospective studies are recommended in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I. Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Luay Alkazmi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maisra M. El-Bouseary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Rabab S. Hamad
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Central Laboratory, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Abdelhamid
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
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Minhas S, Sajjad A, Manzoor I, Masood A, Suhail A, Shaikh GM, Kashif M. Knowledge, attitude, and practices of front line health workers after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine: a cross-sectional study in Pakistan. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14727. [PMID: 36935914 PMCID: PMC10022508 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, there is an increased risk of COVID-19 infection among front-line health workers (FHW). This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices of FHW of Pakistan after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. Methods A population web-based survey on COVID-19 vaccine was conducted on 635 FHW in Pakistan between April 15, 2021, and July 15, 2021. The survey focused on four main sections consisting of socio-demographic data, knowledge, attitude, and practices after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. The data was analyzed on SPSS. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Overall, 60% of FHW were nervous before getting vaccinated, with the leading reason to get vaccinated being their concern to protect themselves and their community (53.4%). A majority of FHW had fear about the unseen side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine (59.7%) used in Pakistan, with the most common side effect reported as soreness at the injection site (39%). It has been noted that almost all of the FHW observed preventive practices after getting vaccinated. The results showed that married respondents had favorable practices towards COVID-19 vaccines (B = 0.53, p < 0.01) (B, unstandardized regression coefficient). It was also found that more informational sources (B = 0.19, p < 0.01), higher knowledge of vaccination (B = 0.15, p < 0.001), and favorable attitude toward vaccine (B = 0.12, p < 0.001) significantly predicted favorable practices toward COVID-19 vaccination. Conclusion The findings reflect that FHW, though they were worried about its side effects, have good knowledge and a positive attitude after getting the COVID-19 vaccine. This study is significant as the FHWs are a symbol for guidance, a reliable source of information, and an encouraging means of receiving COVID-19 vaccine for the general public. This study also reported that post-vaccination side effects were mild which will aid in reducing the vaccine hesitancy among the general Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Minhas
- Oral Pathology, Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Aneequa Sajjad
- Oral Pathology, Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Iram Manzoor
- Community Medicine, Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Atika Masood
- Pathology, Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Agha Suhail
- Operative Dentistry, Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Gul Muhammad Shaikh
- Dental Education and Research, Shahida Islam Medical and Dental College, Lodhran, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif
- Oral Pathology, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
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Logie CH, Okumu M, Berry I, McAlpine A, Musoke DK, Hakiza R, Perez-Brumer A, Baral S, Kyambadde P. Multi-method findings on COVID-19 vaccine acceptability among urban refugee adolescents and youth in Kampala, Uganda. Glob Public Health 2023; 18:2185800. [PMID: 36883681 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2023.2185800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTScant studies have explored COVID-19 vaccine acceptability among refugees. However, contexts of forced migration may elevate COVID-19 vulnerabilities, and suboptimal refugee immunisation rates are reported for other vaccine-preventable diseases. We conducted a multi-methods study to describe COVID-19 vaccine acceptability among urban refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda. This study uses cross-sectional survey data from a cohort study with refugees aged 16-24 in Kampala to examine socio-demographic factors associated with vaccine acceptability. A purposively sampled cohort subset (n = 24) participated in semi-structured in-depth individual interviews, as did key informants (n = 6), to explore COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Among 326 survey participants (mean age: 19.9; standard deviation 2.4; 50.0% cisgender women), vaccine acceptance was low (18.1% reported they were very likely to accept an effective COVID-19 vaccine). In multivariable models, vaccine acceptance likelihood was significantly associated with age and country of origin. Qualitative findings highlighted COVID-19 vaccine acceptability barriers and facilitators spanning social-ecological levels, including fear of side effects and mistrust (individual level), misinformed healthcare, community and family attitudes (community level), tailored COVID-19 services for refugees (organisational and practice setting), and political support for vaccines (policy environment). These data signal the urgent need to address social-ecological factors shaping COVID-19 vaccine acceptability among Kampala's young urban refugees.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04631367.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen H Logie
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment & Health, Hamilton, Canada.,Centre for Gender & Sexual Health Equity, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Moses Okumu
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Isha Berry
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alyssa McAlpine
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Robert Hakiza
- Young African Refugees for Integral Development (YARID), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Amaya Perez-Brumer
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stefan Baral
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter Kyambadde
- National AIDS Control Program, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda.,Most At Risk Population Initiative Clinic, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Badar A, Qamar MA, Dhillon RA, Abbas SA, Tariq M. Demographic Factors, Conspiracy Theories, and Beliefs Associated With COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Pakistani Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e32629. [PMID: 36654559 PMCID: PMC9841921 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The coverage of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) immunization uptake has been impacted by the acceptance of regular vaccine uptake and, like many other vaccination attempts in the past, it also faces issues of vaccine hesitancy. Through this study, we hoped to assess the conspiracy theories and beliefs attached to the COVID-19 vaccination efforts in Pakistan Methods This study was conducted among the general population of Pakistan, aged 16 and above, from April 29 to May 29, 2021. The data was collected through English and Urdu questionnaires by a method of convenient sampling. A total of 600 participants were asked to fill in 34 questions pertaining to vaccine hesitancy and conspiracies. We used the Modified Kuppuswamy Socioeconomic Scale, Kuppuswamy Socioeconomic Scale, Conspiracy Mentality Questionnaire (CMQ), and Vaccine Conspiracy Belief Scale (VCBS) as our questions. Results A total of 591 participants responded to our questionnaire. The majority were females (56.7%), had an undergraduate degree (41.5%), and belonged to the upper middle socioeconomic class (40%). Factors like occupation (p=0.001), education (p=0.001), socioeconomic status (p<0.001), any family member who contracted coronavirus (p=0.016), source of knowledge (p=0.002), and total monthly income (p<0.001) were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that conspiracy theories and misinformation about vaccinations are prevalent in our region. They are influenced by propaganda and negative cultural values among the population To combat and restrict the spread of this problem, our study can provide useful data to develop more appropriate policy measures.
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Yisak H, Ambaw B, Belay E, Desalegn T, Getie A, Asrat M, Guangul A, Seid T, Zewde EA, Assefa M, Ewunetei A. Knowledge, attitude, acceptance, and practice of COVID-19 vaccination and associated factors complemented with constructs of health belief model among the general public in South Gondar, Ethiopia: A community-based study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:914121. [PMID: 36466498 PMCID: PMC9714612 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.914121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Understanding the epidemiological dynamics of disease control, as well as the effectiveness, compliance, and success of the vaccination program requires an understanding of the local population's knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the Corona Virus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19 vaccination and associated factors among the general public. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the South Gondar Zone, among residents above the age of 18 years. The study used objective measures and the constructs of the Health Belief Model. Binary logistic regression was used and the result of the final model was presented in terms of adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), and statistical significance was taken and considered at a P-value < 0.05. Results The study was conducted on 1,111 study participants. The mean age is 30.83 ± 7.106. About 575 (51.8%) of the respondents have good knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccination and 43.4% have a positive attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination. About 361 (32.5%) of the respondents were willing to take the vaccine if it is available and 113 (10.2%) of them were vaccinated. Participants with a positive attitude and good knowledge, those with a secondary level of education AOR = 5.70, 95% CI (2.60-12.60), those with a monthly income of >2,000 birr AOR = 6.30, 95% CI (2.50-15.60), those having a television (TV), and those who use Facebook AOR = 17.70, 95% CI (10.10-30.90) had a higher level of acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination. The Health Belief Model's constructs of perceived susceptibility AOR = 1.53, 95% CI (1.26-1.85), perceived benefit AOR = 1.49, 95% CI (1.28-1.75), and cues to action AOR = 0.54, 95% CI (0.45-0.65) were all linked to COVID-19 vaccine acceptability. Conclusion The level of acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination is much lower. Having a positive attitude score and good knowledge score, level of education, monthly income, presence of TV, the use of Facebook, and knowing the means of transmission of COVID-19 increase the level of acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiwot Yisak
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Gondar, Ethiopia,*Correspondence: Hiwot Yisak
| | - Birhanie Ambaw
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Emaway Belay
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tsion Desalegn
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Adanech Getie
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Meswat Asrat
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Asrate Guangul
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tigist Seid
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Edgeit Abebe Zewde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mengesha Assefa
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Amien Ewunetei
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Martinien Avahoundje E, Dossou JP, Vigan A, Gaye I, Agossou C, Boyi C, Bello K, Mikponhoue J, Faly Ba M, Faye A, Ridde V. Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine intention in Benin in 2021: a cross-sectional study. Vaccine X 2022; 12:100237. [PMCID: PMC9632262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The development of COVID-19 vaccines has brought considerable hope for the control of the pandemic. With a view to promoting good vaccine coverage, this study aimed to measure vaccine intention against COVID-19 and to understand the factors that promote it. Method In April 2021, we conducted a cross-sectional and analytical study at the national level through a telephone survey of Beninese aged 18 years or older. We used a marginal quota sampling method (n=865) according to age, gender, and department. We constructed the questionnaire using a theoretical framework of health intention. We determined the factors associated with intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 in Benin using a multinomial logistic regression at the 5% significance level. Results The intention to vaccinate was 64.7%; 10.9% of the population were hesitant, and 24.4% did not want to vaccinate. Thinking that it was important to get vaccinated (AOR=0.274; CI=0.118-0.638) or that getting vaccinated will help protect loved ones from the virus (AOR=0.399; CI=0.205-0.775) increased the intention to vaccinate. Having a high level of education (AOR=1.988; CI=1.134-3.484), thinking that the vaccine could put one's health at risk (AOR=2.259; CI=1.114-4.578), and hearing something negative about the vaccine (AOR=1.765; CI=1.059-2.941) reduced intention to vaccinate. In addition, believing that the creators of the vaccine had ensured its safety (AOR=0.209; CI=0.101-0.430), and believing that it was unlikely to be infected after vaccination (AOR=0.359; CI=0.183-0.703) decreased hesitancy in favour of the intention to vaccinate. Conclusion In April 2021, vaccine intention was high, but maintaining this high rate requires building confidence in the vaccine and combating misinformation about the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Martinien Avahoundje
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Humaine et en Démographie (CERRHUD), Cotonou, Benin,Corresponding author at: Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Humaine et en Démographie (CERRHUD), Cotonou, Benin
| | - Jean-Paul Dossou
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Humaine et en Démographie (CERRHUD), Cotonou, Benin
| | - Armelle Vigan
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Humaine et en Démographie (CERRHUD), Cotonou, Benin
| | - Ibrahima Gaye
- Institute of Health and Development (ISED), Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Christian Agossou
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Humaine et en Démographie (CERRHUD), Cotonou, Benin
| | - Christelle Boyi
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Humaine et en Démographie (CERRHUD), Cotonou, Benin
| | - Kéfilath Bello
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Humaine et en Démographie (CERRHUD), Cotonou, Benin
| | - Joël Mikponhoue
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Humaine et en Démographie (CERRHUD), Cotonou, Benin
| | - Mouhamadou Faly Ba
- Institute of Health and Development (ISED), Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Adama Faye
- Institute of Health and Development (ISED), Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal,Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Valéry Ridde
- Institute of Health and Development (ISED), Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal,IRD, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development and Université Paris CIté, Inserm ERL 1244, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
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Willems LD, Dyzel V, Sterkenburg PS. COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions amongst Healthcare Workers: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191610192. [PMID: 36011828 PMCID: PMC9407815 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A worldwide vaccination programme is the chosen strategy against the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccine hesitancy, however, forms a threat to achieving a high degree of vaccination. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are exposed to greater risks, in addition to HCWs who care for people with intellectual disabilities (ID). However, little is still known about these groups' vaccine hesitancy. This review aims to provide insight into the intentions and attitudes of HCWs on COVID-19 vaccination, including those who care for people with ID. The search included both types and was conducted in nine databases. A total of 26 papers were identified concerning the vaccine intentions of 43,199 HCWs worldwide. The data were gathered both quantitively and qualitatively. The papers were analysed for all of the themes regarding vaccine intentions, which were: (1) percentages of vaccine willingness; (2) predictors of willingness; (3) attitudes of willingness and hesitancy; (4) sources of vaccination information; (5) contextual factors and changes in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance over time; and (6) future strategies for interventions. Concerns about vaccine safety, efficacy and short- and long-term side effects were the most prominent in HCWs and, therefore, should be addressed in future intervention strategies. Furthermore, interactive interventions are recommended to facilitate exchange, and accurate information should be accessible to target groups on social media platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia D. Willems
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Paula S. Sterkenburg
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Bartiméus, 3941 XM Doorn, The Netherlands
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COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy among Healthcare Workers-A Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060948. [PMID: 35746556 PMCID: PMC9227837 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated vaccine have highlighted vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers (HCWs). Vaccine hesitancy among this group existed prior to the pandemic and particularly centered around influenza vaccination. Being a physician, having more advanced education, and previous vaccination habits are frequently associated with vaccine acceptance. The relationship between age and caring for patients on COVID-19 vaccination is unclear, with studies providing opposing results. Reasons for hesitancy include concerns about safety and efficacy, mistrust of government and institutions, waiting for more data, and feeling that personal rights are being infringed upon. Many of these reasons reflect previous attitudes about influenza vaccination as well as political beliefs and views of personal autonomy. Finally, several interventions to encourage vaccination have been studied, including education programs and non-monetary incentives with the most effective studies using a combination of methods.
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Hossain MB, Alam MZ, Islam MS, Sultan S, Faysal MM, Rima S, Hossain MA, Mamun AA. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the adult population in Bangladesh: A nationwide cross-sectional survey. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260821. [PMID: 34882726 PMCID: PMC8659424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies related to the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy are scanty in Bangladesh, despite the growing necessity of understanding the population behavior related to vaccination. Thus, the present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its associated factors in Bangladesh to fill the knowledge gap. METHODS AND MATERIALS This study adopted a cross-sectional design to collect data from 1497 respondents using online (Google forms) and face-to-face interviews from eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh between 1-7 February 2021. We employed descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was 46.2%. The Muslims (aOR = 1.80, p ≤ 0.01) and the respondents living in the city corporation areas (aOR = 2.14, p ≤0.001) had more hesitancy. There was significant variation in vaccine hesitancy by administrative divisions (geographic regions). Compared to the Sylhet division, the participants from Khulna (aOR = 1.31, p ≤0.001) had higher hesitancy. The vaccine hesitancy tended to decrease with increasing knowledge about the vaccine (aOR = 0.88, p≤0.001) and the vaccination process (aOR = 0.91, p ≤ 0.01). On the other hand, hesitancy increased with the increased negative attitudes towards the vaccine (aOR = 1.17, p≤0.001) and conspiracy beliefs towards the COVID-19 vaccine (aOR = 1.04, p≤0.01). The perceived benefits of COVID-19 vaccination (aOR = 0.85, p≤0.001) were negatively associated with hesitancy, while perceived barriers (aOR = 1.16, p ≤0.001) were positively associated. The participants were more hesitant to accept the vaccine from a specific country of origin (India, USA, Europe). CONCLUSIONS Our findings warrant that a vigorous behavior change communication campaign should be designed and implemented to demystify negative public attitudes and conspiracy beliefs regarding the COVID-19 Vaccine in Bangladesh. The policymakers should also think about revisiting the policy of the online registration process to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, as online registration is a key structural barrier for many due to the persistent digital divide in the country. Finally, the government should consider the population's preference regarding vaccines' country of manufacture to reduce the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md. Zakiul Alam
- Department of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Syful Islam
- Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Shafayat Sultan
- Department of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mahir Faysal
- Department of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sharmin Rima
- Ovibashi Karmi Unnayan Program (OKUP), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Anwer Hossain
- Department of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Hao F, Wang B, Tan W, Husain SF, McIntyre RS, Tang X, Zhang L, Han X, Jiang L, Chew NWS, Tan BYQ, Tran B, Zhang Z, Vu GL, Vu GT, Ho R, Ho CS, Sharma VK. Attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination and willingness to pay: comparison of people with and without mental disorders in China. BJPsych Open 2021; 7:e146. [PMID: 34422295 PMCID: PMC8365102 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2021.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acceptance and willingness to pay for the COVID-19 vaccine are unknown. AIMS We compared attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination in people suffering from depression or anxiety disorder and people without mental disorders, and their willingness to pay for it. METHOD Adults with depression or anxiety disorder (n = 79) and healthy controls (n = 134) living in Chongqing, China, completed a cross-sectional study between 13 and 26 January 2021. We used a validated survey to assess eight aspects related to attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccines. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed by the 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. RESULTS Seventy-six people with depression or anxiety disorder (96.2%) and 134 healthy controls (100%) reported willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. A significantly higher proportion of people with depression or anxiety disorder (64.5%) were more willing to pay for the COVID-19 vaccine than healthy controls (38.1%) (P ≤ 0.001). After multivariate adjustment, severity of depression and anxiety was significantly associated with willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccination among psychiatric patients (P = 0.048). Non-healthcare workers (P = 0.039), health insurance (P = 0.003), living with children (P = 0.006) and internalised stigma (P = 0.002) were significant factors associated with willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccine in healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS To conclude, psychiatric patients in Chongqing, China, showed high acceptance and willingness to pay for the COVID-19 vaccine. Factors associated with willingness to pay for the COVID-19 vaccine differed between psychiatric patients and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyi Hao
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; and Department of Psychiatry, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, China
| | - Bokun Wang
- Modern Service Industry Bureau, Chongqing Liangjiang New Area Administration Committee, China
| | - Wanqiu Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, National University of Singapore (Chongqing) Research Institute, China
| | - Syeda Fabeha Husain
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger S. McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiangdong Tang
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, China
| | - Xiaofan Han
- Department of Psychiatry, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, China
| | | | | | - Bach Tran
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Vietnam; and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhisong Zhang
- Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, China
| | - Gia Linh Vu
- Institute for Global Health Innovations and Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Vietnam
| | - Giang Thu Vu
- Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Vietnam
| | - Roger Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; and Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cyrus S. Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vijay K. Sharma
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore; and Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Albahri AH, Alnaqbi SA, Alnaqbi SA, Alshaali AO, Shahdoor SM. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding COVID-19 Among Healthcare Workers in Primary Healthcare Centers in Dubai: A Cross-Sectional Survey, 2020. Front Public Health 2021; 9:617679. [PMID: 34395350 PMCID: PMC8355417 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.617679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to challenge healthcare services worldwide. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are key to the continued effort to overcome the pandemic. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices of HCWs toward COVID-19 in primary health centers in Dubai. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at four primary health centers in Dubai, including two fever clinics, from July 5th to July 11th, 2020. A self-administered online questionnaire was distributed to nurses and physicians working in these centers, which evaluated their knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding COVID-19 and their associations with the participants' demographic factors. A total score of 80% and above constituted a level of sufficiency in each section. Additionally, Mann-Whitney U test and multivariable logistic regression were used to analyze the variables. Results: A total of 176 HCWs completed the questionnaire, with a 91.2% (176/193) response rate. They were predominantly female (158/176, 90.0%), nurses (128/176, 72.7%), and non-Emiratis (150/176, 85.2%). While official health organizations were the primary source of information for 91.5% (161/176) of participants, only 38.1% (67/176) reported using scientific journals as one of their sources. Overall, 57.4% (101/176) of participants had a sufficient overall level of knowledge. Moreover, knowledge regarding signs, symptoms, and at-risk groups was generally satisfactory. However, knowledge about the virus, testing, transmission, and the isolation of contacts with positive cases was identified correctly by less than two-thirds of the participants. Half of the participants (89/176, 50.6%) expressed their concern about personally acquiring the infection, 112/176 (63.6%) worried about their relatives acquiring it, and 72/176 (40.9%) expressed some hesitancy to take the COVID-19 vaccine once available. Overall, only 58/176 (33.0%) HCWs had a sufficient overall positive attitude score. Nurses, compared to physicians, and non-Emiratis compared to Emiratis' HCWs, had statistically higher mean scores for attitude (U = 2,212, p < 0.01; and U = 1164.5, p < 0.01, respectively). The majority of participants (156/176, 88.6%) reported acceptable infection control practices. Conclusion: Given the gaps identified in the knowledge and attitude, we recommend further training to improve the skills of primary HCWs, with encouragement to practice evidence-based medicine. Additionally, further exploration regarding vaccine hesitancy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shatha Ahmed Alnaqbi
- Primary Healthcare Services Sector, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shahad Ahmed Alnaqbi
- Primary Healthcare Services Sector, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asma Obaid Alshaali
- Primary Healthcare Services Sector, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Echoru I, Ajambo PD, Keirania E, Bukenya EEM. Sociodemographic factors associated with acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine and clinical trials in Uganda: a cross-sectional study in western Uganda. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1106. [PMID: 34112143 PMCID: PMC8190743 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health experts agree that widespread use of safe and effective vaccines will rapidly contain the COVID-19 pandemic. The big question is whether these vaccines can easily be accepted by their end-users. Our study aimed at determining sociodemographic factors associated with acceptance of vaccines and clinical trials of COVID-19 in western Uganda. METHOD A simplified snowball sampling technique was used to select 1067 respondents of 18-70 years in western Uganda using an online questionnaire from July to September 2020. Vaccine acceptability and risk perception were assessed using odds ratio at 95% confidence interval in R software version 3.6.3. RESULTS There were 1067 participants in the study. The majority were males (73.2%) and age group 31-40 years (32.6%). The acceptance rate for COVID-19 vaccination was (53.6%; 572/1067) with those aged 18-20 years, males, elites at tertiary level of education (degree or diploma), students, Muslims, married, non-salary earners and rural dwellers having better odds and likeliness to accept vaccination. Only 44.6% (476/1067) showed interest in clinical trials among which; males, primary school leavers, students, Christians, un-married, respondents who didn't earn any salary and rural dwellers had better odds and likelihood to participate in clinical trials. CONCLUSION There was a low level of vaccine acceptance and clinical trial interest in western Uganda. Minority groups in the study i.e., Muslims, students, primary school leavers, un-married rural dwellers among others showed more interest in vaccination and clinical trials. We anticipated fears in the larger part of this community that health experts need to address through reassurance of the community that vaccines are tested and that they are safe and important if we are to rapidly contain the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Echoru
- School of Medicine, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda.
| | - Patricia Decanar Ajambo
- Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University, western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Emmanuel Keirania
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Edmund E M Bukenya
- School of Medicine, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
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Janssen C, Maillard A, Bodelet C, Claudel AL, Gaillat J, Delory T. Hesitancy towards COVID-19 Vaccination among Healthcare Workers: A Multi-Centric Survey in France. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:547. [PMID: 34067490 PMCID: PMC8224571 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination programs against COVID-19 are being scaled up. We aimed to assess the effects of vaccine characteristics on vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers in a multi-center survey conducted within French healthcare facilities from 1 December 2020 to 26 March 2021. We invited any healthcare workers naïve of COVID-19 vaccination to complete an online self-questionnaire. They reported on their socio-demographic characteristics, as well as their perception and beliefs towards vaccination. We measured their willingness to get vaccinated in eight scenarios for candidates' vaccines presented sequentially (1 to 4-point scale). Candidates' vaccines varied for efficacy (25%, 50%, 100%), length of immunization (1 year or lifetime), frequency (<1/100, <1/10,000), and severity (none, moderate, severe) of adverse events. We analyzed 4349 healthcare workers' responses with interpretable questionnaires. The crude willingness to get vaccinated was 53.2% and increased over time. We clustered the trajectories of responses using an unsupervised classification algorithm (k-means) and identified four groups of healthcare workers: those willing to get vaccinated in any scenario (18%), those not willing to get vaccinated at all (22%), and those hesitating but more likely to accept (32%) or reject (28%) the vaccination depending on the scenario. In these last two subgroups, vaccine acceptance was growing with age, educational background and was higher among men with condition. Compared to an ideal vaccine candidate, a 50% reduced efficacy resulted in an average drop in acceptance by 0.8 (SD ± 0.8, -23.5%), while it was ranging from 1.4 (SD ± 1.0, -38.4%) to 2.1 (SD ± 1.0, -58.4%) in case of severe but rare adverse event. The acceptance of a mandatory immunization program was 29.6% overall and was positively correlated to the willingness to get vaccinated, ranging from 2.4% to 60.0%. Even if healthcare workers represent a heterogeneous population, most (80%) could accept the vaccination against COVID-19. Their willingness to get the vaccine increased over time and as immunization programs became available. Among hesitant professionals, the fear of adverse events was the main concern. Targeted information campaigns reassuring about adverse events may increase vaccine coverage, in a population with a strong opinion about mandatory immunization programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Janssen
- Centre Hospitalier Annecy Genevois, Infectious Diseases Unit, F-74374 Annecy, France;
| | - Alexis Maillard
- Centre Hospitalier Annecy Genevois, Clinical Research Unit, F-74374 Annecy, France; (A.M.); (A.-L.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Céline Bodelet
- Laboratoire Inter-universitaire de Psychologie (LIP-PC2S), Université Grenoble, Alpes 1251 Avenue Centrale, 38400 Saint-Martin-d’Hères, France;
| | - Anne-Laure Claudel
- Centre Hospitalier Annecy Genevois, Clinical Research Unit, F-74374 Annecy, France; (A.M.); (A.-L.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Jacques Gaillat
- Centre Hospitalier Annecy Genevois, Clinical Research Unit, F-74374 Annecy, France; (A.M.); (A.-L.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Tristan Delory
- Centre Hospitalier Annecy Genevois, Clinical Research Unit, F-74374 Annecy, France; (A.M.); (A.-L.C.); (J.G.)
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