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Khadka S, Regmi SM, Subedi N, Poudel A, Bhandari DR, Karn M, Pradhan S, Shrestha P. Evaluation of SARS-Cov-2 neutralizing antibody among Sinopharm Vero Cell (BBIBP-CorV) vaccinated medical students. Hum Antibodies 2024:HAB240029. [PMID: 39031351 DOI: 10.3233/hab-240029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information regarding seropositivity and vaccine efficacy among medical students is scarce. This study aims to detect the status of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies among the Sinopharm's Vero Cell (BBIBP-CorV) vaccinated medical students. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective, cross-sectional study was carried out among medical students of Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal from March through August 2022. The level of SARS-CoV-2 serum- neutralizing IgG antibody was measured and its relation with participants' age and sex, duration of vaccination, and any comorbid condition was determined. RESULTS A total of 110 medical students were included in the final analysis, the majority being females (65.5%) and the mean age is 23.1 ± 3.2 years. Most of the students (96.4%) had neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Among the 29 (26.36%) students who received a booster dose, the positivity rate was 100%. The mean IgG levels were 9.57 ± 9.58 μg/ml and 2.91 ± 2.47 μg/ml among students receiving an additional booster dose and among those not receiving it, respectively. In the cohort receiving a booster dose of the vaccine, the average value of neutralizing IgG antibodies was high. In contrast, the ones not receiving it, the titers were low and showed a declining trend. CONCLUSION Though the dose strategy of the Sinopharm vaccine is effective, booster vaccination may be an important strategy to ensure protection among medical students, who are at high risk of COVID-19 due to constant patient exposure during their training. Further studies should assess vaccine efficacy among individuals who received other vaccines as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sony Khadka
- Pokhara Bigyan Tatha Prabidhi Campus, Pokhara, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
| | - Sanjib Mani Regmi
- Department of Microbiology, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Pokhara, Gandaki Province, Nepal
| | - Nuwadatta Subedi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Pokhara, Gandaki Province, Nepal
| | - Arjun Poudel
- Gandaki Province Academy of Science and Technology, Pokhara, Gandaki Province, Nepal
| | - Dhaka Ram Bhandari
- Gandaki Province Academy of Science and Technology, Pokhara, Gandaki Province, Nepal
| | - Mitesh Karn
- School of Medicine, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Pokhara, Gandaki Province, Nepal
| | - Shanti Pradhan
- Department of Microbiology, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Pokhara, Gandaki Province, Nepal
| | - Prabin Shrestha
- School of Medicine, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Pokhara, Gandaki Province, Nepal
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Wietschel KA, Fechtner K, Antileo E, Abdurrahman G, Drechsler CA, Makuvise MK, Rose R, Voß M, Krumbholz A, Michalik S, Weiss S, Ulm L, Franikowski P, Fickenscher H, Bröker BM, Raafat D, Holtfreter S. Non-cross-reactive epitopes dominate the humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccination - kinetics of plasma antibodies, plasmablasts and memory B cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1382911. [PMID: 38807606 PMCID: PMC11130424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1382911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective in inducing protective immunity. While the serum antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination has been studied in depth, our knowledge of the underlying plasmablast and memory B cell (Bmem) responses is still incomplete. Here, we determined the antibody and B cell response to COVID-19 vaccination in a naïve population and contrasted it with the response to a single influenza vaccination in a primed cohort. In addition, we analyzed the antibody and B cell responses against the four endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs). Methods Measurement of specific plasma IgG antibodies was combined with functional analyses of antibody-secreting plasmablasts and Bmems. SARS-CoV-2- and HCoV-specific IgG antibodies were quantified with an in-house bead-based multiplexed immunoassay. Results The antibody and B cell responses to COVID-19 vaccination reflected the kinetics of a prime-boost immunization, characterized by a slow and moderate primary response and a faster and stronger secondary response. In contrast, the influenza vaccinees possessed robust immune memory for the vaccine antigens prior to vaccination, and the recall vaccination moderately boosted antibody production and Bmem responses. Antibody levels and Bmem responses waned several months after the 2nd COVID-19 vaccination, but were restored upon the 3rd vaccination. The COVID-19 vaccine-induced antibodies mainly targeted novel, non-cross-reactive S1 epitopes of the viral spike protein, while cross-reactive S2 epitopes were less immunogenic. Booster vaccination not only strongly enhanced neutralizing antibodies against an original SARS-CoV-2 strain, but also induced neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron BA.2 variant. We observed a 100% plasma antibody prevalence against the S1 subunits of HCoVs, which was not affected by vaccination. Discussion Overall, by complementing classical serology with a functional evaluation of plasmablasts and memory B cells we provide new insights into the specificity of COVID-19 vaccine-induced antibody and B cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian A. Wietschel
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kevin Fechtner
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elmer Antileo
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Goran Abdurrahman
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Chiara A. Drechsler
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Ruben Rose
- Institute for Infection Medicine, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mathias Voß
- Institute for Infection Medicine, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andi Krumbholz
- Institute for Infection Medicine, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Labor Dr. Krause und Kollegen MVZ GmbH, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephan Michalik
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lena Ulm
- Friedrich Loeffler-Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Philipp Franikowski
- Institute for Educational Quality Improvement, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Fickenscher
- Institute for Infection Medicine, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Barbara M. Bröker
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dina Raafat
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Silva Holtfreter
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Zhou X, Lu H, Sang M, Qiu S, Yuan Y, Wu T, Chen J, Sun Z. Impaired antibody response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2184754. [PMID: 36864628 PMCID: PMC10026888 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2184754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at an increased risk of morbidity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Data on the antibody response to COVID-19 vaccines in T2D patients are less studied. This study aimed to evaluate IgG antibody response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in hospitalized T2D patients. Hospitalized patients with no history of COVID-19 and received two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines (Sinopharm or CoronaVac) were included in this study from March to October 2021. SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies were measured 14-60 days after the second vaccine dose. A total of 209 participants, 96 with T2D and 113 non-diabetes patients, were included. The positive rate and median titer of IgG antibody against receptor-binding domain (anti-RBD) of spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 in T2D group were lower than in control group (67.7% vs 83.2%, p = .009; 12.93 vs 17.42 AU/ml, p = .014) respectively. Similarly, seropositivity and median titers of IgG antibody against the nucleocapsid (N) and S proteins of SARS-CoV-2 (anti-N/S) in T2D group were lower than in control group (68.8% vs 83.2%, p = .032; 18.81 vs 29.57 AU/mL, p = .012) respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, vaccine type, days after the second vaccine dose, hypertension, kidney disease, and heart disease, T2D was identified as an independent risk factor for negative anti-RBD and anti-N/S seropositivity, odd ratio 0.42 (95% confidence interval 0.19, 0.89) and 0.42 (95% CI 0.20, 0.91), respectively. T2D is associated with impaired antibody response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huixia Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miaomiao Sang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanhu Qiu
- Department of General Practice, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongzhi Wu
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Junhao Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zilin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Stoma I, Korsak K, Voropaev E, Osipkina O, Kovalev A. Comparative immunogenicity and safety of Gam-COVID-Vac and Sinopharm BBIBP-CorV vaccines: results of a pilot clinical study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21877. [PMID: 38027828 PMCID: PMC10658338 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There are few comparative studies on efficiency of broad range COVID19 vaccination strategy. This pilot aims to describe the effect of mixed COVID19 vaccination on vaccination adoption and subsequent total immunity, Conducted in Republic of Belarus, this pilot clinical study shows varying immunogenic responses to Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac), Russian Federation (RF) and Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV), People's Republic of China (PRC) vaccines. Objective To compare the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) and Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) vaccines in vaccinated individuals.Materials and MethodsA total of 60 adults participated in the present study. The immune response after vaccination was assessed using enzyme immunoassay. IgG levels were measured in all participants at three time points: before vaccination, on the 42nd day after the first vaccine dose, and in 6 months after the first vaccine dose. Age, sex of participants, vaccine type, history of COVID-19/IgG seropositivity were included in the multivariate analysis. The results of the SARS-CoV-2 infection antibody test were quantified according to the WHO First International Standard (NIBSC code:20/136) and measured in international units (BAU/ml). Results The study participants (n = 60) were divided into two groups where 50 % (n = 30) were vaccinated with Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac), and 50 % (n = 30) were vaccinated with Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV). Women represented 63 % and 77 % of Sputnik V and Sinopharm groups, respectively. The IgG levels on day 42 after the first vaccine dose were: Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac): Me = 650.4 (642.2-669.4); Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV: Me = 376.5 (290.9-526.4) (UMann-Whitney = 164, p = 0.000024). The IgG levels in 6 months after the first vaccine dose were: Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac)Me = 608.7 (574.6-647.1); Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) Me = 106.3 (78.21-332.4); (UMann-Whitney = 172.5, p-value = 0.000042)). In a multivariate model Sputnik V vaccine type and IgG seropositivity at the baseline were significantly associated with higher levels of IgG both at 42 days and 6 months post-vaccination. Reactions after vaccination appeared in 27 vaccinated people (45 %). Conclusion This pilot study demonstrated that Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) vaccine was more immunogenic than Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) vaccine. IgG levels in vaccinated individuals who previously recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection (hybrid immunity) were higher than in SARS-CoV-2 infection immune-naive people. Reactions after vaccines administration were mild to moderate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Stoma
- Gomel state medical university, Gomel, Belarus
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Abdolahi T, Maamouri G, Behmadi M, Mirzaeian S, Boskabadi H, Faramarzi R. Investigating the impact of Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccination on antibody response in pregnant women and their newborns. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29231. [PMID: 37971780 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the levels of receptor-binding domain (RBD), spike, and neutralizing antibodies in pregnant women who received the Sinopharm vaccine and their newborns. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary center, Mashhad, Iran. We included 88 pregnant women who had received at least two doses of the Sinopharm vaccine. Maternal and umbilical cord blood samples taken at delivery were analyzed for antibodies using ELISA tests. Antibody levels did not vary significantly between women with two or three vaccine doses. Only 1.1% of mothers had undetectable levels of RBD antibodies, but detectable antibodies were observed in all newborns. A significant linear correlation was found between the levels of neutralizing antibodies (r = 0.7, p < 0.001) and RBD antibodies (r = 0.833, p < 0.001) in mothers and their newborns, but not for Spike antibodies (r = 0.214, p = 0.045). In mothers, high titers of antispike and RBD antibodies were observed at the time of delivery. The high titers of RBD and antispike antibodies were found in cord blood, suggesting potential neonatal immunity. Detectable levels of antibodies were found in both groups, regardless of the timing of vaccination. The Sinopharm vaccine generates detectable levels of antibodies in pregnant women, which are efficiently transferred to their newborns. The number of vaccine doses (two or three) did not significantly impact the levels of detectable antibodies. This underscores Sinopharm's potential efficacy in protecting pregnant women and their infants from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahoora Abdolahi
- Neonatal Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamali Maamouri
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Behmadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Mirzaeian
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hassan Boskabadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Raheleh Faramarzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Yu EA, Jackman RP, Glesby MJ, Narayan KV. Bidirectionality between Cardiometabolic Diseases and COVID-19: Role of Humoral Immunity. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1145-1158. [PMID: 37302794 PMCID: PMC10256583 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases and abnormalities have recently emerged as independent risk factors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity, including hospitalizations, invasive mechanical ventilation, and mortality. Determining whether and how this observation translates to more effective long-term pandemic mitigation strategies remains a challenge due to key research gaps. Specific pathways by which cardiometabolic pathophysiology affects humoral immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and vice versa, remain unclear. This review summarizes current evidence of the bidirectional influences between cardiometabolic diseases (diabetes, adiposity, hypertension, CVDs) and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies induced from infection and vaccination based on human studies. Ninety-two studies among >408,000 participants in 37 countries on 5 continents (Europe, Asia, Africa, and North and South America) were included in this review. Obesity was associated with higher neutralizing antibody titers following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Most studies conducted prior to vaccinations found positive or null associations between binding antibodies (levels, seropositivity) and diabetes; after vaccinations, antibody responses did not differ by diabetes. Hypertension and CVDs were not associated with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Findings underscore the importance of elucidating the extent that tailored recommendations for COVID-19 prevention, vaccination effectiveness, screening, and diagnoses among people with obesity could reduce disease burden caused by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine A Yu
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
| | - Rachael P Jackman
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Marshall J Glesby
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Km Venkat Narayan
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Emory Global Diabetes Research Center of Woodruff Health Sciences Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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Al-Shudifat AE, Al-Tamimi M, Dawoud R, Alkhateeb M, Mryyian A, Alahmad A, Abbas MM, Qaqish A. Anti-S and Anti-N Antibody Responses of COVID-19 Vaccine Recipients. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1398. [PMID: 37766076 PMCID: PMC10537031 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-term immunoglobulin responses of COVID-19 vaccinations is important to determine the efficacy of these vaccinations. This study aimed to investigate and compare the long-term immunoglobulin response of COVID-19 vaccination recipients, using anti-S IgG, anti-N IgG, and IgM titer levels. This study included 267 participants, comprising individuals who tested positive for COVID-19 through PCR testing (n = 125), and those who received the Pfizer (n = 133), Sinopharm (n = 112), AstraZeneca (n = 20), or Sputnik (n = 2) vaccines. Female participants comprised the largest share of this study (n = 147, 55.1%). This study found that most participants had positive IgG antibodies, with 96.3% having anti-S IgG and 75.7% having anti-N IgG. Most participants (90.3%) tested negative for anti-N IgM antibodies. Sinopharm-vaccinated individuals exhibited a notably lower rate of positive anti-S IgG (93.8%) and a significantly higher rate of positive anti-N IgG antibodies (91%). Anti-N IgG levels were significantly correlated with the number of prior COVID-19 infections (p = 0.015). Specifically, individuals with a history of four COVID-19 infections had higher anti-N IgG titers (14.1 ± 1.4) than those with only one experience of COVID-19 infection (9.4 ± 7.2). Individuals who were infected with COVID-19 after receiving the vaccine demonstrated higher levels of anti-N IgG, exhibiting a 25% increase in mean titer levels compared to those who were infected prior to vaccination. There was a statistically significant association between anti-N IgG positivity with age (p = 0.034), and smoking status (p = 0.006) of participants. Participants younger than 20 and older than 60 showed the highest positivity rate of anti-N (>90%). Smokers had a low positivity rate of anti-N (68.8%) compared to nonsmokers (83.6%). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that most COVID-19 vaccination recipients had positive IgG antibodies, with differences in the long-term immunoglobulin response depending on the type of vaccine administered and occurrence of COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Ellah Al-Shudifat
- Department of Internal and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;
| | - Mohammad Al-Tamimi
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;
| | - Rand Dawoud
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; (R.D.); (M.A.); (A.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Mohammad Alkhateeb
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; (R.D.); (M.A.); (A.M.); (A.A.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan
| | - Amel Mryyian
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; (R.D.); (M.A.); (A.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Anas Alahmad
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; (R.D.); (M.A.); (A.M.); (A.A.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan
| | - Manal M Abbas
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan;
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Lab, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Arwa Qaqish
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Applied Genomics, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan
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Khan UI, Niaz M, Azam I, Hasan Z, Hassan I, Mahmood SF, Ali A. Effectiveness of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infections among healthcare personnel in Pakistan: a test-negative case-control study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e071789. [PMID: 37369396 PMCID: PMC10410856 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-071789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During the COVID-19 pandemic, several vaccines that were efficacious in randomised controlled trials were authorised for mass vaccination. In developing countries, inactivated vaccines were widely administered. While inactivated vaccines have been deemed effective in reducing disease severity, for healthcare personnel (HCP), effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infections is essential to reduce the risk to vulnerable patients and ensure a stable healthcare workforce. There are limited studies examining inactivated vaccines' effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) in real-world settings. We estimated the effectiveness of inactivated vaccines (BBIBP-CorV and CoronaVac) against reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR)-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections among HCP in the setting of emerging SARS-CoV-2 VOCs in Pakistan. DESIGN A retrospective matched, test-negative case-control analysis using existing data from an Employee Health database on HCP at a large, private healthcare system in Pakistan. PARTICIPANTS 4599 HCP were tested between 1 April and 30 September 2021. Each case (PCR positive) was matched to two to six controls (PCR negative) by the date of the RT-PCR test (±7 days) to reduce bias. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was vaccine effectiveness (VE) against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The secondary outcome was VE against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Per cent VE was calculated using (1-OR)*100, with the OR of getting a PCR-confirmed SARS-COV-2 infection estimated using conditional logistic regression, after adjusting for age, gender, work area and history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS Inactivated vaccines were ineffective against SARS-CoV-2 infections after receiving the first dose (VE 17%, 95% CI -10, 39; p=0.261). They showed modest effectiveness ≥14 days after the second dose against SARS-CoV-2 infections (VE 30%, 95% CI 7, 48; p=0.015) and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections (VE 33%, 95% CI 6, 52; p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS Inactivated vaccines show modest effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infections in the setting of emerging VOCs. This builds a strong case for boosters and/or additional vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahnoor Niaz
- Department of Family Medicine, Dean's Clinical Research Fellowship Program, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Azam
- Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Hasan
- Pathology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Imran Hassan
- Family Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Asad Ali
- Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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He YF, Ouyang J, Hu XD, Wu N, Jiang ZG, Bian N, Wang J. Correlation between COVID-19 vaccination and diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:892-918. [PMID: 37383586 PMCID: PMC10294060 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i6.892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the current global public health threats and vaccination is the most effective tool to reduce the spread and decrease the severity of COVID-19. Diabetes is one of the important chronic diseases threatening human health and is a common comorbidity of COVID-19. What is the impact of diabetes on the immunization effect of COVID-19 vaccination? Conversely, does vaccination against COVID-19 exacerbate the severity of pre-existing diseases in patients with diabetes? There are limited and conflicting data on the interrelationship between diabetes and COVID-19 vaccination.
AIM To explore the clinical factors and possible mechanisms underlying the interaction between COVID-19 vaccination and diabetes.
METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Reference Citation Analysis (https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com) online databases, and medRxiv and bioRxiv gray literature using the keywords "SARS-CoV-2", "COVID-19", "vaccine", "vaccination", "antibody", and "diabetes" individually or in combination, with a cut-off date of December 2, 2022. We followed inclusion and exclusion criteria and after excluding duplicate publications, studies with quantifiable evidence were included in the full-text review, plus three manually searched publications, resulting in 54 studies being included in this review.
RESULTS A total of 54 studies were included, from 17 countries. There were no randomized controlled studies. The largest sample size was 350963. The youngest of the included samples was 5 years old and the oldest was 98 years old. The included population included the general population and also some special populations with pediatric diabetes, hemodialysis, solid organ transplantation, and autoimmune diseases. The earliest study began in November 2020. Thirty studies discussed the effect of diabetes on vaccination, with the majority indicating that diabetes reduces the response to COVID-19 vaccination. The other 24 studies were on the effect of vaccination on diabetes, which included 18 case reports/series. Most of the studies concluded that COVID-19 vaccination had a risk of causing elevated blood glucose. A total of 12 of the 54 included studies indicated a "no effect" relationship between diabetes and vaccination.
CONCLUSION There is a complex relationship between vaccination and diabetes with a bidirectional effect. Vaccination may contribute to the risk of worsening blood glucose in diabetic patients and diabetic patients may have a lower antibody response after vaccination than the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fei He
- Health Management Center, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Casualty Management Section, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ni Wu
- Health Management Center, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Jiang
- Department of Statistics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ning Bian
- Health Management Center, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Health Management Center, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
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10
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Tütüncü M, Demir S, Arslan G, Dinç Ö, Şen S, Gündüz T, Uzunköprü C, Gümüş H, Tütüncü M, Akçin R, Özakbaş S, Köseoğlu M, Bünül SD, Gezen O, Tezer DÇ, Baba C, Özen PA, Koç R, Elverdi T, Uygunoğlu U, Kürtüncü M, Beckmann Y, Doğan İG, Turan ÖF, Boz C, Terzi M, Tuncer A, Saip S, Karabudak R, Kocazeybek B, Efendi H, Bilge U, Siva A. mRNA versus inactivated virus COVID-19 vaccines in multiple sclerosis: Humoral responses and protectivity-Does it matter? Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 75:104761. [PMID: 37247488 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 vaccines are recommended for people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Adequate humoral responses are obtained in pwMS receiving disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) after vaccination, with the exception of those receiving B-cell-depleting therapies and non-selective S1P modulators. However, most of the reported studies on the immunity of COVID-19 vaccinations have included mRNA vaccines, and information on inactivated virus vaccine responses, long-term protectivity, and comparative studies with mRNA vaccines are very limited. Here, we aimed to investigate the association between humoral vaccine responses and COVID-19 infection outcomes following mRNA and inactivated virus vaccines in a large national cohort of pwMS receiving DMTs. METHODS This is a cross-sectional and prospective multicenter study on COVID-19-vaccinated pwMS. Blood samples of pwMS with or without DMTs and healthy controls were collected after two doses of inactivated virus (Sinovac) or mRNA (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccines. PwMS were sub-grouped according to the mode of action of the DMTs that they were receiving. SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers were evaluated by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. A representative sample of this study cohort was followed up for a year. COVID-19 infection status and clinical outcomes were compared between the mRNA and inactivated virus groups as well as among pwMS subgroups. RESULTS A total of 1484 pwMS (1387 treated, 97 untreated) and 185 healthy controls were included in the analyses (male/female: 544/1125). Of those, 852 (51.05%) received BioNTech, and 817 (48.95%) received Sinovac. mRNA and inactivated virus vaccines result in similar seropositivity; however, the BioNTech vaccination group had significantly higher antibody titers (7.175±10.074) compared with the Sinovac vaccination group (823±1.774) (p<0.001). PwMS under ocrelizumab, fingolimod, and cladribine treatments had lower humoral responses compared with the healthy controls in both vaccine types. After a mean of 327±16 days, 246/704 (34.9%) of pwMS who were contacted had COVID-19 infection, among whom 83% had asymptomatic or mild disease. There was no significant difference in infection rates of COVID-19 between participants vaccinated with BioNTech or Sinovac vaccines. Furthermore, regression analyses show that no association was found regarding age, sex, Expanded Disability Status Scale score (EDSS), the number of vaccination, DMT type, or humoral antibody responses with COVID-19 infection rate and disease severity, except BMI Body mass index (BMI). CONCLUSION mRNA and inactivated virus vaccines had similar seropositivity; however, mRNA vaccines appeared to be more effective in producing SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. B-cell-depleting therapies fingolimod and cladribine were associated with attenuated antibody titer. mRNA and inactive virus vaccines had equal long-term protectivity against COVID-19 infection regardless of the antibody status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melih Tütüncü
- Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Serkan Demir
- Neurology Department, Sancaktepe Şehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Arslan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Öykü Dinç
- Faculty Of Pharmacy, Department Of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sedat Şen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Gündüz
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cihat Uzunköprü
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Haluk Gümüş
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mesude Tütüncü
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Bakırköy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Mental Health and Neurological Diseases Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rüveyda Akçin
- Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serkan Özakbaş
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mesrure Köseoğlu
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Bakırköy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Mental Health and Neurological Diseases Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sena Destan Bünül
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Kocaeli University, İzmit/Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ozan Gezen
- Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Damla Çetinkaya Tezer
- Neurology Department, Sancaktepe Şehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cavid Baba
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Pınar Acar Özen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Haccettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rabia Koç
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Tuğrul Elverdi
- Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Uğur Uygunoğlu
- Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Kürtüncü
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yeşim Beckmann
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - İpek Güngör Doğan
- Neurology Department, Sancaktepe Şehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ömer Faruk Turan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Cavit Boz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Murat Terzi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Asli Tuncer
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Haccettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sabahattin Saip
- Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rana Karabudak
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Haccettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bekir Kocazeybek
- Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüsnü Efendi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Kocaeli University, İzmit/Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Uğur Bilge
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Aksel Siva
- Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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Letafati A, Eyvazzadeh N, Gharehkhani A, Khorshidian A, Chalabiani S, Soufiani EK, Khakpoor N, Shamsodini B, Beheshti T, Bavili Olyaei RT, Soleimani A, Melyani F, Hossein GM. Comparison of AstraZeneca and sinopharm vaccines as boosters in protection against COVID-19 infection. Biologicals 2023; 82:101668. [PMID: 37004277 PMCID: PMC10008804 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2023.101668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the global number of confirmed cases rises past 640 million, vaccination remains the most effective measure in controlling COVID-19. Studies have shown that two doses of vaccination can significantly reduce hospitalization and mortality rates among patients, but the effectiveness of booster doses is also important. We aimed to evaluate the role played by the type of the 3rd dose of vaccination by comparing the safety and efficacy of two common vaccination histories differing only in the 3rd received dose. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study on patients with respiratory symptoms suspected of having SARS-CoV-2 infection using Real-time PCR. We also collected information on the age, gender, and type of vaccine received for the third dose. RESULTS Out of 346 cases with respiratory symptoms, 120 cases tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and had received two doses of Sinopharm and a different booster dose of either AZD1222 (AstraZeneca) or BIBP (Sinopharm). Among these 120 patients, vaccination with AZD1222 as a booster dose resulted in fewer symptoms compared to those vaccinated with three doses of BIBP. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that booster doses can help reduce hospitalization and the severity of infection, and it appears that a combination of different vaccines may be effective against severe COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Letafati
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nooshin Eyvazzadeh
- Department of Medical Bacteriology, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Gharehkhani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Para Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ayeh Khorshidian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
| | - Siavash Chalabiani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Qom, Qom, Iran
| | - Elnaz Khodadoust Soufiani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Para Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Khakpoor
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Benyamin Shamsodini
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Taranom Beheshti
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raha Taheri Bavili Olyaei
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Medical Branch, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Anahita Soleimani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sarab University, Sarab, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Melyani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Para Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Ghazal Mashhadi Hossein
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Arak, Arak, Iran
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12
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Safety and efficacy of COVID-19 prime-boost vaccinations: Homologous BBIBP-CorV versus heterologous BNT162b2 boosters in BBIBP-CorV-primed individuals. Vaccine 2023; 41:1925-1933. [PMID: 36725431 PMCID: PMC9868355 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Booster vaccine doses against SARS-CoV-2 have been advocated to address evidence of waning immunity, breakthrough infection, and the emergence of immune-evasive variants. A heterologous prime-boost vaccine strategy may offer advantages over a homologous approach, but the safety and efficacy of this approach with the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 (BNT: Pfizer) and inactivated BBIBP-CorV (BBIBT: Sinopharm) vaccines have not been studied. METHODS We conducted a non-randomized, non-blinded phase II observational community trial acrossBahrain, investigating the reactogenic and immunogenic responseof participants who had previously received two doses of BBIBP, followed by a third booster dose of either BBIBP (homologous booster) or BNT (heterologous booster). Immunogenicity through serological statuswas determined at baseline and on the following 8thweek. Reactogenicity data (safety and adverse events) were collected throughout study period, in addition to participant-led electronic journaling. RESULTS 305 participants (152 BBIBP and 153 BNT booster) were enrolled in the study,with 246 (127 BBIBP and 119 BNT booster) included in the final analysis. There was a significant increase in anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels post booster administration in both groups; however, the heterologous BNT arm demonstrated a significantly larger mean increase in the level of spike (S) antigen-specific antibodies (32.7-fold increase versus 2.6, p < 0.0001) and sVNT neutralising antibodies (3.4-fold increase versus 1.8, p < 0.0001), whereas the homologous arm demonstrated a significant increase in the levels of nucleocapsid (N) antigen-specific antibodies (3.8-fold increase versus none). Non-serious adverse events (injection site pain, fever, and fatigue) were more commonly reported in the heterologous arm, but no serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSION Heterologous prime-boost vaccination with the mRNA BNT162b2 (Pfizer) vaccine in those who had received two doses of inactivated virus BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) vaccine demonstrated a more robust immune response against SARS-CoV-2 than the homologous BBIBP booster and appears safe and well tolerated. Clinical Trial Registry Number (ClinicalTrials.gov): NCT04993560.
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Dechates B, Porntharukchareon T, Sirisreetreerux S, Therawit P, Worawitchawong S, Sornsamdang G, Soonklang K, Tawinprai K. Immune Response to CoronaVac and Its Safety in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Compared with Healthcare Workers. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030684. [PMID: 36992267 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 have been critical for preventing disease. Previous research showed patients with diabetes have impaired immunity. This study aimed to determine the immunity to coronavirus after CoronaVac by comparing patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and healthcare workers (HCW). Materials and methods: A prospective cohort study evaluated immune responses and safety after two doses of CoronaVac in T2D and HCW groups at Chulabhorn Hospital. The levels of total antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (anti-RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein at baseline and 4 weeks after vaccination were collected. The level of anti-RBD concentrations was reported as geometric mean concentration (GMC) and compared between groups using the geometric mean ratio (GMR). Results: 81 participants were included; 27 had T2D and 54 were HCW. After complete vaccination, anti-RBD concentrations were not significantly different between T2D (57.68 binding antibody units (BAU)/mL, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 29.08; 114.44) and HCW (72.49 BAU/mL, 95% CI = 55.77; 94.22) groups. Subgroup analysis showed the GMC of anti-RBD was significantly lower in T2D patients with dyslipidaemia (50.04 BAU/mL) than in T2D patients without dyslipidaemia (341.64 BAU/mL). Conclusions: The immune response at 4 weeks after two doses of CoronaVac did not significantly differ between patients with T2D and HCW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bothamai Dechates
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 906 Thung Song Hong, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Thachanun Porntharukchareon
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 906 Thung Song Hong, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Supamas Sirisreetreerux
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 906 Thung Song Hong, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Phonthip Therawit
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 906 Thung Song Hong, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Supanat Worawitchawong
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 906 Thung Song Hong, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Gaidganok Sornsamdang
- Central Laboratory Center, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 906 Thung Song Hong, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Soonklang
- Center of Learning and Research in Celebration of HRH Princess Chulabhorn 60th Birthday Anniversary, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 906 Thung Song Hong, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Kriangkrai Tawinprai
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 906 Thung Song Hong, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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Ulinici M, Suljič A, Poggianella M, Milan Bonotto R, Resman Rus K, Paraschiv A, Bonetti AM, Todiras M, Corlateanu A, Groppa S, Ceban E, Petrovec M, Marcello A. Characterisation of the Antibody Response in Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) Recipients and COVID-19 Convalescent Sera from the Republic of Moldova. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030637. [PMID: 36992221 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The early availability of effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, the aetiologic cause of COVID-19, has been at the cornerstone of the global recovery from the pandemic. This study aimed to assess the antispike RBD IgG antibody titres and neutralisation potential of COVID-19 convalescent plasma and the sera of Moldovan adults vaccinated with the Sinopharm BBIBP-CorV vaccine. An IgG ELISA with recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD and two pseudovirus-based neutralisation assays have been developed to evaluate neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in biosafety level 2 containment facilities. A significant moderate correlation was observed between IgG titres and the overall neutralising levels for each neutralisation assay (ρ = 0.64, p < 0.001; ρ = 0.52, p < 0.001). A separate analysis of convalescent and vaccinated individuals showed a higher correlation of neutralising and IgG titres in convalescent individuals (ρ = 0.68, p < 0.001, ρ = 0.45, p < 0.001) compared with vaccinated individuals (ρ = 0.58, p < 0.001; ρ = 0.53, p < 0.001). It can be concluded that individuals who recovered from infection developed higher levels of antispike RBD IgG antibodies. In comparison, the Sinopharm-vaccinated individuals produced higher levels of neutralising antibodies than convalescent plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ulinici
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
- Alfa Diagnostica Laboratory, 2021 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Alen Suljič
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Monica Poggianella
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Rafaela Milan Bonotto
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Katarina Resman Rus
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Angela Paraschiv
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Amedeo Marco Bonetti
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mihail Todiras
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Alexandru Corlateanu
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Stanislav Groppa
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Emil Ceban
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Miroslav Petrovec
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alessandro Marcello
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy
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15
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Setianingrum ELS, Lidia K, Ratu K, Teron SE. Assessment of Post-Vaccination Immunologic Responses in Inactivated Virus COVID-19 Respondents. Indian J Community Med 2023; 48:357-360. [PMID: 37323736 PMCID: PMC10263045 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_477_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Indonesian Government's plan to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, aside from implementing health protocols, also involves vaccinating everyone with the inactivated SARS CoV2 vaccine until herd immunity is reached. The aim of this study was to assess the post-vaccination immune response to inactivated SARS CoV2 vaccine, namely Sinovac/Sinopharm, by measuring the antibodies (IgM and IgG) in subjects after their second dose of vaccination. Materials and Methods The design of the study was a cohort study using simple random sampling with 51 respondents aged 18-56 years who had received two doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. All respondents were screened for SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to inclusion. Serum IgM and IgG antibodies were detected using a specific and sensitive automated chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA). CLIA uses the Cut Off Point (COI) value of >1 AU/ml for IgM and the Reactive Value of >10 AU/ml for IgG. Results This study showed that the IgM levels using a reactive Cut Off Point (COI) >1 were 18% in the first month, 14% in the third month, and 10% in the sixth month. There was a constant decline in the third comparison. Meanwhile, compared to the first month, 59% of respondents had IgG levels with reactive values over 10 AU/ml, which after decreasing by 35% in the third month, the number increased by 47% in the sixth month. Conclusion It has been evident that IgG and IgM antibody response could be induced by inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine which can be influenced by age and detection time after the second dose of vaccination. Boosters, however, must be given after six months of the second dose, since antibody levels were seen to decrease after this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth L. S. Setianingrum
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
| | - Kartini Lidia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
| | - Kristian Ratu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
| | - Samson E. Teron
- Indonesian Red Cross Blood Transfusion Unit, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia
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An epidemiological evaluation of COVID-19 in La paz, Bolivia. J Infect Chemother 2023; 29:333-338. [PMID: 36577452 PMCID: PMC9789922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Plurinational State of Bolivia (Bolivia) has experienced four major waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) so far. Although the ministry of health has been tracking morbidity and mortality through each wave, epidemiology of COVID-19 in Bolivia is not well defined, despite a need for more accurate measurement of the number of cases and deaths to allow for forecasting of the pandemic. This study examined prevalence of COVID-19 at community level, determinants of its occurrence and vaccine effectiveness. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in La Paz city on 2,775 individuals between March 2020 and February 2022. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on COVID-19 morbidity, mortality and vaccination status. RESULTS Of the 2,775 participants, 1,586 (57.1%) were infected with COVID-19, and 187 (6.7%) were suspected cases. The mortality rate was 2.9%. Sinopharm, Johnson & Johnson, Gamaleya, Pfizer-BioNtech, Moderna and AstraZeneka vaccines are in use, and all vaccines have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing the risk of onset. Risk for mortality was significantly lower in the vaccinated group with an odds ratio of 0.037 (95% confidential interval: 0.01-0.10, p-value: <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Actual prevalence of COVID-19 in La Paz (the prevalence rate: 63.8%, including suspected case) was higher than that reported by the Ministry of Health and Sports in Bolivia (7.5%). In addition, vaccination has contributed significantly to the control of the COVID-19 epidemic in Bolivia. We believe that our report will be useful for COVID-19 prevention strategies in Bolivia for the future.
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Ye Y, Su Z, Shi C. Institutional trust, scientific literacy, and information sources: What factors determine people's attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines of different origins in China? Front Public Health 2023; 11:1092425. [PMID: 36891334 PMCID: PMC9986272 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1092425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the different attitudes of Chinese residents toward COVID-19 vaccines produced in China and the United States in an emergency context, and then explored possible explanations for these different attitudes. Methods Using data collected online in May 2021, we compared Chinese citizens' attitudes toward vaccines originating from China and the US and then adopted ordered logistic models to examine how trust in institutions, scientific literacy, and information sources influence their attitudes toward different vaccines. Results A total of 2038 respondents completed the survey. Participants reported very different levels of trust in Chinese and American vaccines. The main finding of this paper is that individuals who trust in Chinese institutions, especially those who trust in domestic scientists, typically feel encouraged to also place their trust in domestic vaccines and to distrust those from the US. These individuals' higher evaluation of Chinese government performance makes them more willing to vaccinate with domestic vaccines and less likely to seek US vaccines. Levels of scientific literacy, furthermore, seem to have little influence on attitudes toward different vaccines. Meanwhile, respondents who acquire health information from biomedical journals are more likely to hold a positive view of US vaccines, and these individuals contribute to bridging the gap between levels of trust in Chinese and US vaccines. Conclusions In contrast with previous findings about Chinese attitudes toward imported vaccines, our respondents are more convinced of the safety and effectiveness of domestic vaccines than of US ones. This trust gap does not arise out of actual disparity in the quality and safety of the different vaccines per se. Instead, it is a cognition concern that is closely bound up with individuals' trust in domestic institutions. People's attitudes toward vaccines of different origins in an emergency context are more influenced by socio-political beliefs than by concern with objective information and knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Ye
- Department of Public Administration, School of Law, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Su
- Department of International Culture, College of Media and International Culture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Shi
- Department of Public Administration, School of Public Management, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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Al-Tamimi M, Tarifi AA, Qaqish A, Abbas MM, Albalawi H, Abu-Raideh J, Salameh M, Khasawneh AI. Immunoglobulins response of COVID-19 patients, COVID-19 vaccine recipients, and random individuals. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281689. [PMID: 36787317 PMCID: PMC9928079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of specific immunoglobulins to COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccination has been proposed. The efficacy and dynamics of this response are not clear yet. AIM This study aims to analyze the immunoglobulins response among COVID-19 patients, COVID-19 vaccine recipients and random individuals. METHODS A total of 665 participants including 233 COVID-19 patients, 288 COVID-19 vaccine recipients, and 144 random individuals were investigated for anti-COVID-19 immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM). RESULTS Among COVID-19 patients, 22.7% had detectable IgA antibodies with a mean of 27.3±57.1 ng/ml, 29.6% had IgM antibodies with a mean of 188.4±666.0 BAU/ml, while 59.2% had IgG antibodies with a mean of 101.7±139.7 BAU/ml. Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine recipients had positive IgG in 99.3% with a mean of 515.5±1143.5 BAU/ml while 85.7% of Sinopharm vaccine recipients had positive IgG with a mean of 170.0±230.0 BAU/ml. Regarding random individuals, 54.9% had positive IgG with a mean of 164.3±214 BAU/ml. The peak IgM response in COVID-19 patients was detected early at 15-22 days, followed by IgG peak at 16-30 days, and IgA peak at 0-60 days. IgM antibodies disappeared at 61-90 days, while IgG and IgA antibodies decreased slowly after the peak and remained detectable up to 300 days. The frequency of IgG positivity among patients was significantly affected by increased age, admission department (inpatient or outpatient), symptoms, need for oxygen therapy, and increased duration between positive COVID-19 RT PCR test and serum sampling (p˂0.05). Positive correlations were noted between different types of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, and IgA) among patients. CONCLUSIONS Natural infection and COIVD-19 vaccines provide IgG-mediated immunity. The class, positivity, mean, efficacy, and duration of immunoglobulins response are affected by the mechanism of immunity and host related variables. Random community individuals had detectable COVID-19 IgG at ~55%, far from reaching herd immunity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al-Tamimi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Amjed A. Tarifi
- Department of Specialized Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Arwa Qaqish
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Manal M. Abbas
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Lab, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hadeel Albalawi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Jumanah Abu-Raideh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Muna Salameh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, AlBalqa Applied University, Alsalt, Jordan
| | - Ashraf I. Khasawneh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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19
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Evaluation of the Efficacy of BBIBP-CorV Inactivated Vaccine Combined with BNT62b2 mRNA Booster Vaccine. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030556. [PMID: 36766663 PMCID: PMC9914066 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this prospective study, SARS-CoV-2 spike protein specific total immunoglobulin (Ig) levels were analyzed before and after BNT162 b2 mRNA booster vaccination in individuals previously administered with two doses of BBIBP-CorV vaccine in comparison to immunized participants with three doses of BNT162 b2 vaccination. METHODS Sixty-one Caucasian volunteers (39 females, 22 males) vaccinated by BBIBP-CorV were included (mean age: 63.9 years). Sixty-one patients (41 females, 20 males) as controls were vaccinated with BNT162b2 (mean age: 59.9 years). Both groups received the third booster BNT162b2 vaccine. Total anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD Ig levels were measured by an immunoassay (Roche Diagnostics) and their calculated ratios after/before booster dose were compared between the two groups. RESULTS At baseline, significantly lower anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD total antibody levels were determined after initial immunization by two doses of inactivated BBIBP-CorV compared to BNT62b2 mRNA vaccine (p < 0.001). After BNT162b2 boosters, similarly high total Ig levels were detected in both the heterologous (27,195 [15,604-42,754] BAU/mL, p < 0.001) and the homologous booster cohort (24,492 [13,779-42,671] BAU/mL, p < 0.001) compared to baseline. Hence, the ratio of after/before total Ig levels was significantly higher with heterologous vs homologous immunization (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION To address the concept that basic BBIBP-CorV vaccination is not as effective as BNT162b, we analyzed the effect of heterologous vaccination with BNT162b2. Our results suggest that BNT162b2 can successfully boost the effects of two-dose BBIBP-CorV vaccination.
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20
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Bjarnarson SP, Brynjolfsson SF. The role of antigen availability during B cell induction and its effect on sustained memory and antibody production after infection and vaccination-lessons learned from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 210:273-282. [PMID: 36480298 PMCID: PMC9985164 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of antibodies, particularly neutralizing antibodies, has been known for decades. When examining the immune responses against a pathogen after a vaccination or infection it is easier to measure the levels of antigen-specific antibodies than the T-cell response, but it does not give the whole picture. The levels of neutralizing antibodies are harder to determine but give a better indication of the quality of the antibody response. The induction of long-lived antibody-secreting plasma cells is crucial for a persistent humoral immune response, which has been shown for example after vaccination with the vaccinia vaccine, where antibody levels have been shown to persist for decades. With the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic ravaging the world for the past years and the monumental effort in designing and releasing novel vaccines against the virus, much effort has been put into analysing the quantity, quality, and persistence of antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania P Bjarnarson
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Siggeir F Brynjolfsson
- Correspondence: Department of Immunology, Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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21
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Immunogenicity of BNT162b2, BBIBP-CorV, Gam-COVID-Vac and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccines Six Months after the Second Dose: A Longitudinal Prospective Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010056. [PMID: 36679901 PMCID: PMC9865554 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many available SARS-CoV-2 vaccines demonstrated good humoral response, but studies directly comparing their immunogenicity in the general population are lacking. We evaluated the medium−term kinetics of anti-S SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (Abs) at one and six months after the second dose of BNT162b2, BBIBP-CorV, and Gam-COVID-Vac. Immunogenicity at six months was directly compared between BNT162b2, BBIBP-CorV, Gam-COVID-Vac, and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Participants ≥ 20 years old from Novi Sad, Serbia, without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, were included. Anti S1/S2 IgG antibodies were measured using quantitative LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 assay. A total of 368 participants were included: 231 (62.77%) had sera collected at two time points. Two doses of BNT162b2 were received by 37.50% of participants, followed by BBIBP-CorV (22.01%), Gam-COVID-Vac (21.47%), and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (19.02%). Mean Ab levels at the 28th day and 6 months were 216.55 (SD = 105.73) AU/mL and 75.68 (SD = 57.30) for BNT162b2, 194.38 (SD = 140.24) and 90.53 (SD = 111.30) for Gam-COVID-Vac, and 72.74 (SD = 80.04) and 24.43 (SD = 38.43) for BBIBP-CorV group (p < 0.01, between two time points across all three groups), with a significant difference between women and men (p < 0.01, for both sexes). At the sixth month post-vaccination, the highest mean Ab level was detected in Gam-COVID-Vac group (91.28 AU/mL, SD = 95.96), followed by BNT162b2 (85.25 AU/mL, SD = 60.02), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (64.22 AU/mL, SD = 65.30), and BBIBP-CorV (25.26 AU/mL, SD = 36.92) (p < 0.01). Anti-spike IgG persistence was demonstrated six months post-vaccination with a significant decline in Ab levels. These results suggest a lower protection against SARS-CoV-2 over time. Our findings support the introduction of additional (booster) doses.
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22
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An Immunological Review of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccine Serology: Innate and Adaptive Responses to mRNA, Adenovirus, Inactivated and Protein Subunit Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010051. [PMID: 36679897 PMCID: PMC9865970 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, which is defined by its positive-sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) structure. It is in the order Nidovirales, suborder Coronaviridae, genus Betacoronavirus, and sub-genus Sarbecovirus (lineage B), together with two bat-derived strains with a 96% genomic homology with other bat coronaviruses (BatCoVand RaTG13). Thus far, two Alphacoronavirus strains, HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63, along with five Betacoronaviruses, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, have been recognized as human coronaviruses (HCoVs). SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in more than six million deaths worldwide since late 2019. The appearance of this novel virus is defined by its high and variable transmission rate (RT) and coexisting asymptomatic and symptomatic propagation within and across animal populations, which has a longer-lasting impact. Most current therapeutic methods aim to reduce the severity of COVID-19 hospitalization and virus symptoms, preventing the infection from progressing from acute to chronic in vulnerable populations. Now, pharmacological interventions including vaccines and others exist, with research ongoing. The only ethical approach to developing herd immunity is to develop and provide vaccines and therapeutics that can potentially improve on the innate and adaptive system responses at the same time. Therefore, several vaccines have been developed to provide acquired immunity to SARS-CoV-2 induced COVID-19-disease. The initial evaluations of the COVID-19 vaccines began in around 2020, followed by clinical trials carried out during the pandemic with ongoing population adverse effect monitoring by respective regulatory agencies. Therefore, durability and immunity provided by current vaccines requires further characterization with more extensive available data, as is presented in this paper. When utilized globally, these vaccines may create an unidentified pattern of antibody responses or memory B and T cell responses that need to be further researched, some of which can now be compared within laboratory and population studies here. Several COVID-19 vaccine immunogens have been presented in clinical trials to assess their safety and efficacy, inducing cellular antibody production through cellular B and T cell interactions that protect against infection. This response is defined by virus-specific antibodies (anti-N or anti-S antibodies), with B and T cell characterization undergoing extensive research. In this article, we review four types of contemporary COVID-19 vaccines, comparing their antibody profiles and cellular aspects involved in coronavirus immunology across several population studies.
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23
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Abufares HI, Oyoun Alsoud L, Alqudah MAY, Shara M, Soares NC, Alzoubi KH, El-Huneidi W, Bustanji Y, Soliman SSM, Semreen MH. COVID-19 Vaccines, Effectiveness, and Immune Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15415. [PMID: 36499742 PMCID: PMC9737588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has captivated the globe's attention since its emergence in 2019. This highly infectious, spreadable, and dangerous pathogen has caused health, social, and economic crises. Therefore, a worldwide collaborative effort was made to find an efficient strategy to overcome and develop vaccines. The new vaccines provide an effective immune response that safeguards the community from the virus' severity. WHO has approved nine vaccines for emergency use based on safety and efficacy data collected from various conducted clinical trials. Herein, we review the safety and effectiveness of the WHO-approved COVID-19 vaccines and associated immune responses, and their impact on improving the public's health. Several immunological studies have demonstrated that vaccination dramatically enhances the immune response and reduces the likelihood of future infections in previously infected individuals. However, the type of vaccination and individual health status can significantly affect immune responses. Exposure of healthy individuals to adenovirus vectors or mRNA vaccines causes the early production of antibodies from B and T cells. On the other hand, unhealthy individuals were more likely to experience harmful events due to relapses in their existing conditions. Taken together, aligning with the proper vaccination to a patient's case can result in better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Imad Abufares
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Leen Oyoun Alsoud
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad A. Y. Alqudah
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohd Shara
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nelson C. Soares
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Karem H. Alzoubi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Waseem El-Huneidi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yasser Bustanji
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameh S. M. Soliman
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad H. Semreen
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
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24
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Ebrahim F, Tabal S, Lamami Y, Alhudiri IM, El Meshri SE, Al Dwigen S, Arfa R, Alboeshi A, Alemam HA, Abuhtna F, Altrhouni R, Milad MB, Elgriw NA, Ruaua MA, Abusrewil Z, Harroush W, Jallul M, Ali FS, Eltaib F, Elzagheid A. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies Post-COVID-19 or Post-Vaccination in Libyan Population: Comparison of Four Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122002. [PMID: 36560411 PMCID: PMC9785033 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Measurement of strength and durability of SARS-COV-2 antibody response is important to understand the waning dynamics of immune response to both vaccines and infection. The study aimed to evaluate the level of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and their persistence in recovered, naïve, and vaccinated individuals. We investigated anti-spike RBD IgG antibody responses in 10,000 individuals, both following infection with SARS-CoV-2 and immunization with SARS-COV-2 AstraZeneca, Sputnik V, Sinopharm, and Sinovac. The mean levels of anti-spike IgG antibodies were higher in vaccinated participants with prior COVID-19 than in individuals without prior COVID-19. Overall, antibody titers in recovered vaccinee and naïve vaccinee persisted beyond 20 weeks. Vaccination with adenoviral-vector vaccines (AstraZeneca and Sputnik V) generates higher antibody titers than with killed virus vaccine (Sinopharm and Sinovac). Approximately two-thirds of asymptomatic unvaccinated individuals had developed virus-specific antibodies. A single dose of vaccine is likely to provide greater protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with apparent prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, than in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals. In addition, the high number of seropositivity among asymptomatic unvaccinated individuals showed that the number of infections are probably highly underestimated. Those vaccinated with inactivated vaccine may require more frequent boosters than those vaccinated with adenoviral vaccine. These findings are important for formulating public health vaccination strategies during COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzi Ebrahim
- Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli P.O. Box 30313, Libya
- Correspondence:
| | - Salah Tabal
- Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli P.O. Box 30313, Libya
| | - Yosra Lamami
- Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli P.O. Box 30313, Libya
| | - Inas M. Alhudiri
- Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli P.O. Box 30313, Libya
| | | | - Samira Al Dwigen
- Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli P.O. Box 30313, Libya
| | - Ramadan Arfa
- Information Technology Department, Tripoli University, Tripoli P.O. Box 13275, Libya
| | - Asma Alboeshi
- Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli P.O. Box 30313, Libya
| | - Hafsa A. Alemam
- Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli P.O. Box 30313, Libya
| | - Fauzia Abuhtna
- Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli P.O. Box 30313, Libya
| | | | - Mohamed B. Milad
- Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli P.O. Box 30313, Libya
| | - Nada A. Elgriw
- Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli P.O. Box 30313, Libya
| | - Mahmoud A. Ruaua
- Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli P.O. Box 30313, Libya
| | | | - Warda Harroush
- Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli P.O. Box 30313, Libya
| | - Mwada Jallul
- Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli P.O. Box 30313, Libya
| | - Fouziyah S. Ali
- Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli P.O. Box 30313, Libya
| | - Farag Eltaib
- Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli P.O. Box 30313, Libya
| | - Adam Elzagheid
- Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli P.O. Box 30313, Libya
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25
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Assessment of COVID-19 vaccination among healthcare workers in Iraq; adverse effects and hesitancy. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274526. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and inactivated COVID-19 vaccines are available to the global population as of 2022. The acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine will play a key role in combating the worldwide pandemic. Public confidence in this vaccine is largely based on its safety and effectiveness. This study was designed to provide independent evidence of the adverse effects associated with COVID-19 vaccines among healthcare workers in Iraq and to identify the attitudes of healthcare workers who rejected the vaccination. We conducted a cross-sectional study to collect data on the adverse effects of the Pfizer, AstraZeneca, and Sinopharm vaccines. Data were collected between October 2021 and February 2022. A total of 2,202 participants were enrolled in the study: (89.97%) received injections of the COVID-19 vaccines and (10.03%) were hesitant to receive the vaccination. Participants received either the Pfizer vaccine (62.9%), AstraZeneca vaccine (23.5%) or Sinopharm vaccine (13.6%). Most adverse effects were significantly less prevalent in the second dose than in the first dose. Notably, the adverse effects associated with the Pfizer vaccine were significantly more prevalent in females than in males. Following the first dose, the participants experienced more adverse effects with the AstraZeneca vaccine. Following the second dose, more adverse effects were associated with the Pfizer vaccine. Interestingly, the prevalence of COVID-19 infection in participants who received two doses of the Pfizer vaccine was significantly reduced compared to those who received two doses of either the AstraZeneca or Sinopharm vaccines. According to vaccine-hesitated participants, insufficient knowledge (29.9%), expeditious development (27.6%) and lack of trust in the vaccines (27.1%) were the three major reasons for refusing the vaccines. The results of our study indicated that these adverse effects do not present a significant problem and should not prevent successful control of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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26
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Ben Houmich T, Tali A, Debbagh F, Lamrani Hanchi A, Soraa N. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in vaccinated healthcare workers in Marrakech (Morocco). Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:3946320221133697. [PMID: 36215392 PMCID: PMC9558851 DOI: 10.1177/03946320221133697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had a considerable impact, causing millions of deaths worldwide, including many healthcare workers (HCWs). The pharmaceutical industry has been working diligently since the start of the pandemic to develop various vaccines to fight the spread of the virus and protect the population. OBJECTIVE To study the seroprevalence of neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in vaccinated HCWs at the Mohamed VI University Hospital in Marrakech and to determine the parameters that can influence immune response. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 138 HCWs was performed between October and December 2021 by measuring IgG antibodies directed against the spike antigen of SARS-CoV-2 using an Abbott Architect® SARS-CoV-2 IgG II assay. RESULTS The mean age was 31.42 years, the sex ratio was 2.94 women to each man, and the overall prevalence was 97%. We found 39.5% of the participants had experienced COVID-19 infections pre-vaccination, which decreased to 26.8% after vaccination. Neutralizing antibody titers were dependent on the type of vaccine: they were higher with the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, the number of doses (p < .001), and post-vaccine COVID-19 form. The post-vaccine COVID-19 infection rates were lower with the Sinopharm vaccine. CONCLUSION Heterologous vaccination with non-mRNA and mRNA vaccines and the consideration of post-vaccination COVID-19 infection as a booster could help optimize vaccine results while reducing potential side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoufik Ben Houmich
- Department of Microbiology,
Mohamed
VI University Hospital, Marrakech,
Morocco,Taoufik Ben Houmich, Department of
Microbiology, Mohamed VI university hospital of Marrakech, hay socoma 1 askjour,
numero 1089, Marrakech, Morocco.
| | - Abdelali Tali
- Department of Microbiology,
Mohamed
VI University Hospital, Marrakech,
Morocco
| | - Fayrouz Debbagh
- Department of Microbiology,
Mohamed
VI University Hospital, Marrakech,
Morocco
| | - Asma Lamrani Hanchi
- Department of Microbiology,
Mohamed
VI University Hospital, Marrakech,
Morocco,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad
University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Nabila Soraa
- Department of Microbiology,
Mohamed
VI University Hospital, Marrakech,
Morocco,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad
University, Marrakech, Morocco
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Abstract
As of 2022, the global population has access to several mRNA and traditional inactivated vaccines. However, their effectiveness in preventing infection, hospitalization, and COVID-associated mortality in Jordan has yet to be evaluated. The purpose of this observational study was to evaluate the relative effectiveness of three approved vaccines against COVID-19 in a sample of the Jordanian population. The study was conducted between July 2021 and 2022 in a sample of adult patients presenting to hospitals across Jordan and receiving one of the three vaccines - Pfizer (BNT162b2), Astra Zeneca (ChAdOx1-S), or Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV). Data were collected to measure the rates of infection without hospitalization, infection with hospitalization, and death. The sample included patients with one of the following chronic conditions: cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, or diabetes. Primary data were obtained from patients' health records. The sample included 6132 adults from Jordan, with a mean age 52 ± 17 years. The rates of death in patients receiving two doses of any vaccine ranged between 0.175 and 2.77%, compared with 0.69-13.53% in patients receiving only one dose. The rates of hospitalization were 6-7.97% with two doses, compared to 7.98-25.13% with one dose. The rates of infection without hospitalization were significantly higher in the two-dose group (6-25.1%) compared with those who had received only one dose of any COVID-19 vaccine (0.69-10.61%). In conclusion, receiving two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine was associated with lower odds of mortality and hospitalization and higher odds of infection. More research is needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.
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Rodriguez PE, Silva AP, Miglietta EA, Rall P, Pascuale CA, Ballejo C, López Miranda L, Ríos AS, Ramis L, Marro J, Poncet V, Mazzitelli B, Salvatori M, Ceballos A, Gonzalez Lopez Ledesma MM, Ojeda DS, Aguirre MF, Miragaya Y, Gamarnik AV, Rossi AH. Humoral response and neutralising capacity at 6 months post-vaccination against COVID-19 among institutionalised older adults in Argentina. Front Immunol 2022; 13:992370. [PMID: 36225925 PMCID: PMC9549602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.992370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has particularly affected older adults residing in nursing homes, resulting in high rates of hospitalisation and death. Here, we evaluated the longitudinal humoral response and neutralising capacity in plasma samples of volunteers vaccinated with different platforms (Sputnik V, BBIBP-CorV, and AZD1222). A cohort of 851 participants, mean age 83 (60-103 years), from the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina were included. Sequential plasma samples were taken at different time points after vaccination. After completing the vaccination schedule, infection-naïve volunteers who received either Sputnik V or AZD1222 exhibited significantly higher specific anti-Spike IgG titers than those who received BBIBP-CorV. Strong correlation between anti-Spike IgG titers and neutralising activity levels was evidenced at all times studied (rho=0.7 a 0.9). Previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and age <80 years were both associated with higher specific antibody levels. No differences in neutralising capacity were observed for the infection-naïve participants in either gender or age group. Similar to anti-Spike IgG titers, neutralising capacity decreased 3 to 9-fold at 6 months after initial vaccination for all platforms. Neutralising capacity against Omicron was between 10-58 fold lower compared to ancestral B.1 for all vaccine platforms at 21 days post dose 2 and 180 days post dose 1. This work provides evidence about the humoral response and neutralising capacity elicited by vaccination of a vulnerable elderly population. This data could be useful for pandemic management in defining public health policies, highlighting the need to apply reinforcements after a complete vaccination schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea P. Silva
- Departamento Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología “Dr. Juan H. Jara”, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Pablo Rall
- Instituto Nacional de Servicios Sociales para Jubilados y Pensionados (INSSJP-PAMI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Christian Ballejo
- Departamento de Investigación Epidemiológica, Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología “Dr. Juan H. Jara”, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Lucía López Miranda
- Departamento Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología “Dr. Juan H. Jara”, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Lila Ramis
- Fundación Instituto Leloir-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jimena Marro
- Departamento de Investigación Epidemiológica, Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología “Dr. Juan H. Jara”, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Verónica Poncet
- Departamento Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología “Dr. Juan H. Jara”, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Bianca Mazzitelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS)-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melina Salvatori
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS)-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Ceballos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS)-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Diego S. Ojeda
- Fundación Instituto Leloir-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F. Aguirre
- Departamento de Investigación Epidemiológica, Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología “Dr. Juan H. Jara”, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Yanina Miragaya
- Instituto Nacional de Servicios Sociales para Jubilados y Pensionados (INSSJP-PAMI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Andrés H. Rossi
- Fundación Instituto Leloir-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina,*Correspondence: Andrés Hugo Rossi,
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Boroumand AB, Forouhi M, Karimi F, Moghadam AS, Naeini LG, Kokabian P, Naderi D. Immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:940357. [PMID: 36105809 PMCID: PMC9465310 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) through a systematic approach. Method A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science with no time restrictions. The search was based on the three main concepts: Covid-19, Vaccine immunogenicity and Diabetes Mellitus. Results After excluding irrelevant studies, 16 studies remained for the quantitative assay. Among the sixteen studies, eleven had controls. Type of diabetes was specifically mentioned in six studies (T2DM; n=4, T1DM and T2DM; n=2). Twelve of the included studies were conducted on the immunogenicity of vaccines that included mRNA vaccines (i.e. BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273) in DM, five studies included vector-based vaccines (i.e. Ad5-nCoV and ChAdOx1-S), and five studies assessed the immunogenicity of vaccines in DM, including inactivated vaccines (i.e. BBV-152, CoronaVac, Sinopharm or SinoVac). Most of the current studies indicate lower antibody response in patients with DM compared to individuals without DM, after the second dose of vaccine and irrespective of vaccine type. Several studies have shown that higher age and higher BMI are associated with lower antibody response, while optimum glycemic control and higher GFR are associated with higher antibody response among patients with DM. Conclusion Immunogenicity of the vaccines has mostly been reported to be lower among patients with DM compared to healthy controls. There are also few studies assessing variables that significantly affect this association, including age, type of diabetes, BMI, glycemic control and eGFR. Investigating these associations could help us provide the most advantageous condition for patients with DM before, during and after vaccination for optimum antibody response. Many unresolved issues concerning potential factors affecting vaccine immunogenicity, including type of vaccine, numbers of administered doses, re-vaccination intervals and hyperglycemia in patients with DM need to be addressed through future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Bahador Boroumand
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahtab Forouhi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Pajman Kokabian
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delaram Naderi
- Student Research Committee, Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Delaram Naderi,
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Omran EA, El Naggar RE, Ezz Elarab LA, Hashish MH, El-Barrawy MA, Abdelwahab IA, Fekry MM. Anti-Spike and Neutralizing Antibodies after Two Doses of COVID-19 Sinopharm/BIBP Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1340. [PMID: 36016228 PMCID: PMC9415602 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Host response to COVID-19 vaccines is partially evaluated through the estimation of antibody response, specifically the binding anti-spike (anti-S) and the neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccine-induced humoral response affects decisions on the choice of vaccine type, vaccine acceptance, and the need for boosting. Identification of risk factors for poor antibody response helps to stratify individuals who might potentially require booster doses. The primary objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the antibody response after receiving two Sinopharm vaccine doses. Factors affecting antibody response were additionally studied. Moreover, a predictive cutoff for anti-S was generated to predict positivity of nAbs. Blood samples were collected from 92 adults and relevant data were recorded. Antibody levels (anti-S and nAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 were tested one month following the second dose of Sinopharm vaccine using two commercial ELISA tests. Among the 92 participants, 88 tested positive for anti-S (95.7%), with a median level of 52.15 RU/mL (equivalent to 166.88 BAU/mL). Fewer participants (67.4%) were positive for nAbs, with a median percentage of inhibition (%IH) of 50.62% (24.05−84.36). A significant positive correlation existed between the titers of both antibodies (correlation coefficient = 0.875, p < 0.001). When the anti-S titer was greater than 40 RU/mL (128 BAU/mL), nAbs were also positive with a sensitivity of 80.6% and a specificity of 90%. Positive nAbs results were associated with a higher anti-S titers (62.1 RU/mL) compared to negative nAbs (mean anti-S titer of 18.6 RU/mL). History of COVID-19 infection was significantly associated with higher titers of anti-S (p = 0.043) and higher IH% of nAbs (p = 0.048). Hypertensive participants were found to have significantly higher median titers of anti-S (101.18 RU/mL) compared with non-hypertensive ones (42.15 RU/mL), p = 0.034. Post-vaccination headache was significantly higher among those with higher anti-S than those with relatively lower titers (98.82 versus 43.69 RU/mL, p = 0.048). It can be concluded that the Sinopharm vaccine produced high levels of binding antibodies but with low neutralizing abilities. Also, levels of anti-S titer greater than 40 RU/mL could adequately predict positivity of nAbs without need for their testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A. Omran
- Department of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 165 El-Horreya Avenue, El-Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21524, Egypt; (M.H.H.); (M.A.E.-B.); (M.M.F.)
| | - Roaa E. El Naggar
- Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo 11516, Egypt; (R.E.E.N.); (L.A.E.E.)
| | | | - Mona H. Hashish
- Department of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 165 El-Horreya Avenue, El-Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21524, Egypt; (M.H.H.); (M.A.E.-B.); (M.M.F.)
| | - Mohammed A. El-Barrawy
- Department of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 165 El-Horreya Avenue, El-Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21524, Egypt; (M.H.H.); (M.A.E.-B.); (M.M.F.)
| | - Ibrahim A. Abdelwahab
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria 21311, Egypt;
| | - Marwa M. Fekry
- Department of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 165 El-Horreya Avenue, El-Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21524, Egypt; (M.H.H.); (M.A.E.-B.); (M.M.F.)
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Vokó Z, Kiss Z, Surján G, Surján O, Barcza Z, Wittmann I, Molnár GA, Nagy D, Müller V, Bogos K, Nagy P, Kenessey I, Wéber A, Polivka L, Pálosi M, Szlávik J, Rokszin G, Müller C, Szekanecz Z, Kásler M. Effectiveness and Waning of Protection With Different SARS-CoV-2 Primary and Booster Vaccines During the Delta Pandemic Wave in 2021 in Hungary (HUN-VE 3 Study). Front Immunol 2022; 13:919408. [PMID: 35935993 PMCID: PMC9353007 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.919408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In late 2021, the pandemic wave was dominated by the Delta SARS-CoV-2 variant in Hungary. Booster vaccines were offered for the vulnerable population starting from August 2021. Methods The nationwide HUN-VE 3 study examined the effectiveness and durability of primary immunization and single booster vaccinations in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection, Covid-19 related hospitalization and mortality during the Delta wave, compared to an unvaccinated control population without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results The study population included 8,087,988 individuals who were 18-100 years old at the beginning of the pandemic. During the Delta wave, after adjusting for age, sex, calendar day, and chronic diseases, vaccine effectiveness (VE) of primary vaccination against registered SARS-CoV-2 infection was between 11% to 77% and 18% to 79% 14-120 days after primary immunization in the 16-64 and 65-100 years age cohort respectively, while it decreased to close to zero in the younger age group and around 40% or somewhat less in the elderly after 6 months for almost all vaccine types. In the population aged 65-100 years, we found high, 88.1%-92.5% adjusted effectiveness against Covid-19 infection after the Pfizer-BioNTech, and 92.2%-95.6% after the Moderna booster dose, while Sinopharm and Janssen booster doses provided 26.5%-75.3% and 72.9%-100.0% adjusted VE, respectively. Adjusted VE against Covid-19 related hospitalization was high within 14-120 days for Pfizer-BioNTech: 76.6%, Moderna: 83.8%, Sputnik-V: 78.3%, AstraZeneca: 73.8%, while modest for Sinopharm: 45.7% and Janssen: 26.4%. The waning of protection against Covid-19 related hospitalization was modest and booster vaccination with mRNA vaccines or the Janssen vaccine increased adjusted VE up to almost 100%, while the Sinopharm booster dose proved to be less effective. VE against Covid-19 related death after primary immunization was high or moderate: for Pfizer-BioNTech: 81.5%, Moderna: 93.2%, Sputnik-V: 100.0%, AstraZeneca: 84.8%, Sinopharm: 58.6%, Janssen: 53.3%). VE against this outcome also showed a moderate decline over time, while booster vaccine types restored effectiveness up to almost 100%, except for the Sinopharm booster. Conclusions The HUN-VE 3 study demonstrated waning VE with all vaccine types for all examined outcomes during the Delta wave and confirmed the outstanding benefit of booster vaccination with the mRNA or Janssen vaccines, and this is the first study to provide clear and comparable effectiveness results for six different vaccine types after primary immunization against severe during the Delta pandemic wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Vokó
- Center for Health Technology Assessment, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Syreon Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kiss
- Second Department of Medicine and Nephrology-Diabetes Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - György Surján
- Ministry of Human Resources, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Digital Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Surján
- Department of Deputy Chief Medical Officer II., National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Barcza
- Syntesia Medical Communications Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Wittmann
- Second Department of Medicine and Nephrology-Diabetes Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gergő Attila Molnár
- Second Department of Medicine and Nephrology-Diabetes Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dávid Nagy
- Center for Health Technology Assessment, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Syreon Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Veronika Müller
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Bogos
- Department of Pulmonology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Laboratory of Redox Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Oncochemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Kenessey
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Wéber
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Lőrinc Polivka
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - János Szlávik
- Department of Infectology South-Pest Hospital Centre – National Institute for Infectology and Haematology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Rokszin
- Second Department of Medicine and Nephrology-Diabetes Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- RxTarget Ltd., Szolnok, Hungary
| | - Cecília Müller
- Department of Chief Medical Officer, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szekanecz
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Li FP, Shi GF, Lin ZZ, Zhu XL, Wang LJ, Tung TH, Zhang MX. Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines among hospitalized patients in China: a case-control study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2088966. [PMID: 35708313 PMCID: PMC9621078 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2088966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A lack of confidence on the vaccination drive hinders the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to assess the antibody response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among hospitalized patients in China. This case-control study was based on SARS-CoV-2 sero-surveillance during hospitalization. From April to June 2021, hospitalized patients without documented COVID-19 infection from the Department of Urology were routinely assayed for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The SARS-CoV-2 vaccination history of each participant was obtained from their vaccination records. Of the 405 participants, there were 37 seropositive participants (case group) and 368 seronegative participants (control group); 68 participants (16.8%) had received the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, including 54 who received the Sinovac-CoronaVac vaccine and 14 received the Sinopharm vaccine. All seropositive participants who had received one or two doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were assessed for at least 16 days, while 31 (8.4%) of 368 seronegative controls who had received the vaccine were tested for 1–94 days. The overall seroconversion rate was 54.4% (37/68) in the vaccinated participants who received the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) for seropositivity was 6.20 (95% CI: 2.05–18.71) in those received full vaccination with two doses versus those partially vaccinated participants with one dose after adjusting for sex and age. These findings imply that the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine could have a protective antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Ping Li
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Enze Hospital of Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gui-Feng Shi
- Department of Preventive Health Care, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Lin
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Enze Hospital of Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Zhu
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Enze Hospital of Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Enze Hospital of Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao-Hsin Tung
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mei-Xian Zhang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
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Farid E, Herrera-Uribe J, Stevenson NJ. The Effect of Age, Gender and Comorbidities Upon SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody Induction After Two Doses of Sinopharm Vaccine and the Effect of a Pfizer/BioNtech Booster Vaccine. Front Immunol 2022; 13:817597. [PMID: 35711448 PMCID: PMC9197101 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.817597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 emerged in China in 2019 and has since travelled the world infecting millions. SARS-CoV-2 causes Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19), that has to date taken over 4 million lives. The Kingdom of Bahrain’s vaccine roll-out has consisted of Sinopharm’s BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) and Pfizer/BioNtech’s BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNtech). Testing for SARS-CoV-2 anti-Spike (S) antibodies is a useful technique in estimating an individual’s immune protection against the infection. In this study we evaluated S antibody levels by electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay in 379 individuals double vaccinated with Sinopharm and 15 of whom were given a booster with the Pfizer/BioNtech vaccine. Among our double vaccinated cohort, we found a spectrum of S antibody levels. Indeed, we found that a significant proportion of individuals with low S antibody levels had clinical conditions, which were mainly immune-related disorders. Furthermore, a significant proportion of individuals with low S antibody levels were above 50 years of age. Finally, we observed a significant increase in S antibody levels after the Pfizer/BioNtech booster was administered. These findings reveal that while a large proportion of Sinopharm vaccinated individuals did not develop high levels of antibodies against the S protein, a booster dose of the Pfizer/BioNtech vaccine significantly enhances S antibody levels, revealing this “triple dose” vaccination strategy as a useful method of ensuring protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Farid
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
- Department of Pathology, Salmanyia Medical Complex, Government Hospital, Manama, Bahrain
- Laboratory Department, Al Salam Specialist Hospital, Riffa, Bahrain
| | - Juber Herrera-Uribe
- Viral Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nigel J. Stevenson
- Viral Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Viral Immunology Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Medical College of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
- *Correspondence: Nigel J. Stevenson,
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Lau CS, Oh MLH, Phua SK, Liang YL, Li Y, Huo J, Huang Y, Zhang B, Xu S, Aw TC. Kinetics of the Neutralizing and Spike SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies following the Sinovac Inactivated Virus Vaccine Compared to the Pfizer mRNA Vaccine in Singapore. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:antib11020038. [PMID: 35735357 PMCID: PMC9220327 DOI: 10.3390/antib11020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: We compared the early total spike antibody (S-Ab) and neutralizing antibody (N-Ab) responses to two vaccines. Methods: We studied 96 Pfizer and 34 Sinovac vaccinees over a 14-month period from January 2021 to February 2022. All vaccinees received three doses of one type of vaccine. Antibody levels (Roche Elecsys total S-Ab and the Snibe N-Ab) were tested 10 days after the first dose, 20 days after the second dose, and 20 days after the booster dose. Results: At all time points, the mRNA vaccine generated higher S-Ab and N-Ab responses than the inactivated virus vaccine (S-Ab: first dose 2.48 vs. 0.4 BAU/mL, second dose 2174 vs. 98 BAU/mL, third dose 15,004 vs. 525 BAU/mL; N-Ab: first dose 0.05 vs. 0.02 µg/mL, second dose 3.48 vs. 0.38 µg/mL, third dose 19.8 vs. 0.89 µg/mL). mRNA vaccine recipients had a 6.2/22.2/28.6-fold higher S-Ab and 2.5/9.2/22.2-fold higher N-Ab response than inactivated virus vaccine recipients after the first/second/third inoculations, respectively. Mann–Whitney U analysis confirmed the significant difference in S-Ab and N-Ab titers between vaccination groups at each time point. Conclusions: The mRNA vaccines generated a more robust S-Ab and N-Ab response than the inactivated virus vaccine at all time points after the first, second, and third vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Shern Lau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore; (S.K.P.); (Y.L.L.); (T.C.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-68504927; Fax: +65-64269507
| | - May Lin Helen Oh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore;
| | - Soon Kieng Phua
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore; (S.K.P.); (Y.L.L.); (T.C.A.)
| | - Ya Li Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore; (S.K.P.); (Y.L.L.); (T.C.A.)
| | - Yanfeng Li
- GenScript Biotech (Singapore) Pte Ltd., Singapore 349248, Singapore;
| | - Jianxin Huo
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore; (J.H.); (Y.H.); (B.Z.); (S.X.)
| | - Yuhan Huang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore; (J.H.); (Y.H.); (B.Z.); (S.X.)
| | - Biyan Zhang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore; (J.H.); (Y.H.); (B.Z.); (S.X.)
| | - Shengli Xu
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore; (J.H.); (Y.H.); (B.Z.); (S.X.)
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Tar Choon Aw
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore; (S.K.P.); (Y.L.L.); (T.C.A.)
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Academic Pathology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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Aijaz J, Hussain S, Naseer F, Kanani F, Anis S, Sarfaraz S, Saeed S, Farooq H, Jamal S. Neutralizing Antibody Response to BBIBP-CorV in Comparison with COVID-19 Recovered, Unvaccinated Individuals in a Sample of the Pakistani Population. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050692. [PMID: 35632448 PMCID: PMC9171576 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fifty five percent of the Pakistani population is still unvaccinated with the two-dose protocol of COVID-19 vaccines. This study was undertaken to determine the seroconversion rate and antibody titers following the two-dose BBIBP-CorV protocol, and to compare these variables in unvaccinated, COVID-19 recovered individuals (total n = 180) at Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi. Pseudotyped lentivirus antibody neutralization assays and SARS-CoV-2 IgG Quant II (Abbott) immunoassays were performed 4-8 weeks following the second dose of the BBIBP-CorV or PCR positivity/onset of symptoms of COVID-19. Seroconversion rate, using neutralization assays, in vaccinated individuals was lower (78%) than that in unvaccinated, COVID-19-recovered individuals with moderate to severe infection (97%). Prior PCR positivity increased serocoversion rate to 98% in vaccinated individuals. Immunoassays did not, however, reveal significant inter-group differences in seroconversion rates (≥95% in all groups). Log10 mean antibody neutralizing titers following the two-dose BBIBP-CorV protocol (IC50 = 2.21) were found to be significantly less than those succeeding moderate to severe COVID-19 (IC50 = 2.94). Prior SARS-CoV-2 positivity significantly increased post-vaccination antibody titers (IC50 = 2.82). Similar inter-group titer differences were obtained using the immunoassay. BBIBP-CorV post-vaccination titers may, thus, be lower than those following natural, moderate to severe infection, while prior SARS-CoV-2 exposure increases these titers to more closely approximate the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeria Aijaz
- Molecular Biology Section, Pathology Department, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi 75190, Pakistan; (S.H.); (F.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +92-21-35112709 (ext. 2788)
| | - Shakir Hussain
- Molecular Biology Section, Pathology Department, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi 75190, Pakistan; (S.H.); (F.N.)
| | - Fouzia Naseer
- Molecular Biology Section, Pathology Department, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi 75190, Pakistan; (S.H.); (F.N.)
| | - Fatima Kanani
- Chemical Pathology Section, Pathology Department, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi 75190, Pakistan; (F.K.); (H.F.)
| | - Sabiha Anis
- Immunology Section, Pathology Department, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi 75190, Pakistan;
| | - Samreen Sarfaraz
- Infectious Diseases Department, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi 75190, Pakistan;
| | - Saima Saeed
- Pulmonology Department, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi 75190, Pakistan;
| | - Hina Farooq
- Chemical Pathology Section, Pathology Department, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi 75190, Pakistan; (F.K.); (H.F.)
| | - Saba Jamal
- Pathology Department, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi 75190, Pakistan;
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SARS-CoV-2 Antinucleocapsid Antibody Response of mRNA and Inactivated Virus Vaccines Compared to Unvaccinated Individuals. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050643. [PMID: 35632399 PMCID: PMC9143597 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative studies of SARS-CoV-2 antinucleocapsid (anti-N) antibody response in the context of inactivated virus vaccines versus natural infection are limited. This study aims to determine and compare the anti-N antibody levels in people vaccinated with Sinopharm’s (Wuhan, China) inactivated virus vaccine in comparison with naturally infected unvaccinated and Pfizer’s spike (S) mRNA-based vaccinated subjects. Two hundred ninety-nine Jordanian adults participated in the study including unvaccinated COVID-19-infected patients (n = 99), Pfizer-vaccinated (n = 100), and Sinopharm-vaccinated recipients (n = 100). Serum samples were assayed for anti-N IgG, anti-N IgM, and anti-S IgG. Sera of 64.6% of naturally infected unvaccinated participants had positive anti-S IgG (median = 36.35 U/mL; range: 0.04−532.5 U/mL) compared to 88% of Pfizer-vaccinated (Manhattan, NY, USA) (median = 26.52 U/mL; range: 0.39−1265 U/mL) and 58% of Sinopharm-vaccinated subjects (median = 14.35 U/mL; range: 0.39−870.17 U/mL). Samples of 60.6% of naturally infected unvaccinated people had positive anti-N IgG (median = 15.03 U/mL; range: 0−265.1 U/mL) compared to 25% of Pfizer-vaccinated (median = 0.02 U/mL; range: 0−68 U/mL) and 48% of Sinopharm-vaccinated subjects (median = 0.8 U/mL; range: 0−146.3 U/mL). Anti-N titers among the three groups were significantly different (p < 0.05). Anti-N IgM antibodies appeared in 23.2% of the naturally infected unvaccinated group (median = 0.29 U/mL; range: 0−15 U/mL) compared to only 9.0% of Pfizer-vaccinated (median = 018 U/mL; range: 0−33 U/mL) and 7.0% of Sinopharm-vaccinated subjects (median = 0.2 U/mL; range: 0−12.02 U/mL). A significant negative correlation was found between anti-S and age for both vaccines and between anti-S and the presence of chronic disease in Sinopharm-vaccinated subjects. A significant positive correlation between anti-N and anti-S titers was found among the three groups. This study shows that the inactivated virus vaccine, Sinopharm, induces an anti-N response that can boost that of natural infection or vice versa. On the other hand, the Pfizer mRNA-based vaccine induces a significantly stronger anti-S Ab response.
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Premikha M, Chiew CJ, Wei WE, Leo YS, Ong B, Lye DC, Lee VJ, Tan KB. Comparative Effectiveness of mRNA and Inactivated Whole Virus Vaccines against COVID-19 Infection and Severe Disease in Singapore. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:1442-1445. [PMID: 35412612 PMCID: PMC9047219 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to individuals vaccinated with Pfizer-BioNTech/Comirnaty, recipients of Sinovac-CoronaVac and Sinopharm were 2.37 (95% CI 2.29–2.46) and 1.62 (95% CI 1.43–1.85) times more likely to be infected with COVID-19 respectively, while individuals vaccinated with Moderna were 0.42 (95% CI 0.25–0.70) times less likely to develop severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yee-Sin Leo
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Ong
- Ministry of Health, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Chien Lye
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Vernon J Lee
- Ministry of Health, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kelvin Bryan Tan
- Ministry of Health, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Assaid N, Arich S, Charoute H, Akarid K, Ezzikouri S, Maaroufi A, Sarih M. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses 5 Months Post Complete Vaccination of Moroccan Healthcare Workers. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:465. [PMID: 35335097 PMCID: PMC8952418 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Data about the duration of antibodies after vaccination show that the protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection begins to decline over time. This study aims to determine anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG levels in healthcare workers five months after the second vaccination dose. We collected samples from 82 participants who were fully vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or BBIBP-CorV. We assessed anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies using a Euroimmun ELISA and an Abbott Architect ™ SARS-CoV-2 IgG test. Of the 82 participants, 65.85% were seropositive for IgG using ELISA, and 86.59% were positive for IgG according to the Abbott Architect ™ test. Individuals vaccinated with the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine had a median anti-S1 antibody level of 1.810 AU/mL [interquartile range (IQR), 1.080-3.7340] and 171.7 AU/mL [79.9-684.6] according to the Euroimmun ELISA and Abbott Architect test, respectively. These tests indicated that people vaccinated with BBIBP-CorV had a median anti-S1 antibody level of 1.840 AU/mL [0.810-2.960] and 126.7 AU/mL [54.9-474.3], respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the positivity rates of the vaccinated individuals, either for gender or for age. In addition, we found no significant difference between the two vaccines. Our study provides information on the longevity of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in people at least five months after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najlaa Assaid
- Service de Parasitologie et des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca 20360, Morocco; (N.A.); (S.A.); (A.M.)
- Health and Environment Laboratory, Molecular Genetics and Immunophysiopathology Research Team, Aïn Chock Faculty of Sciences, University of Hassan II Casablanca (UH2C), Casablanca 20100, Morocco;
| | - Soukaina Arich
- Service de Parasitologie et des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca 20360, Morocco; (N.A.); (S.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Hicham Charoute
- Research Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca 20360, Morocco;
| | - Khadija Akarid
- Health and Environment Laboratory, Molecular Genetics and Immunophysiopathology Research Team, Aïn Chock Faculty of Sciences, University of Hassan II Casablanca (UH2C), Casablanca 20100, Morocco;
| | - Sayeh Ezzikouri
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca 20360, Morocco;
| | - Abderrahmane Maaroufi
- Service de Parasitologie et des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca 20360, Morocco; (N.A.); (S.A.); (A.M.)
| | - M’hammed Sarih
- Service de Parasitologie et des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca 20360, Morocco; (N.A.); (S.A.); (A.M.)
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Ferrara P, Gianfredi V, Tomaselli V, Polosa R. The Effect of Smoking on Humoral Response to COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Studies. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:303. [PMID: 35214761 PMCID: PMC8880575 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While the role of active smoking on response to vaccines is yet to be fully understood, some real-world studies have outlined a possible link between smoking and humoral response to COVID-19 vaccines. Thus, the present rapid systematic review aimed at summarizing the current epidemiological evidence on this association. Following PRISMA and WHO guidelines on rapid systematic reviews, we systematically reviewed published literature on this topic and discussed the findings according to the aim of analysing smoking and its impact on humoral response to COVID-19 postvaccination antibody titres. The search strategy yielded a total of 23 articles. The sample size amongst the studies ranged between 74 and 3475 participants (median, 360), with the proportion of smokers being between 4.2% and 40.8% (median, 26.0%). The studies included in this review analysis investigated the dynamics of antibody response to different type of COVID-19 vaccines. In 17 out of 23 studies, current smokers showed much lower antibody titres or more rapid lowering of the vaccine-induced IgG compared with nonsmokers. This rapid systematic review indicates that active smoking negatively impacts humoral response to COVID-19 vaccines, although the pathophysiologic mechanisms for this association have not been entirely suggested. The results advocate targeted policies to promote tailored health promotion initiatives, which can increase risk perception and ensure appropriate protection measures to be taken to avoid the health consequences of COVID-19 in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ferrara
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Center for Public Health Research, University of Milan, Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Vincenza Gianfredi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Venera Tomaselli
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy;
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy;
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Institute of Internal Medicine, AOU “Policlinico-V. Emanuele”, 95131 Catania, Italy
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Ferenci T, Sarkadi B. RBD-specific antibody responses after two doses of BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm, Beijing CNBG) vaccine. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:87. [PMID: 35073866 PMCID: PMC8785690 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07069-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited information is available on the effectiveness of the BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm, Beijing CNBG) vaccine, especially in the elderly, despite the fact that it is approved in more than 50 countries. METHODS RBD-specific antibody titres, as a rapidly available and highly predictive surrogate marker, were measured after two doses of the BBIBP-CorV vaccine in 450 subjects. Results were analyzed in a multivariable model accounting for age, sex and time since the administration of the second dose of the vaccine. RESULTS Sex and time since the second dose had little association with the antibody titres. Age, however, was highly relevant: measurable antibody levels were present in about 90% of individuals below the age of 50, but antibody production after BBIBP-CorV vaccination was strongly reduced with increasing age. A large number of elderly subjects, reaching 25% at 60 years, and up to 50% at ages over 80, were found not to produce any protective antibody. CONCLUSIONS RBD-specific antibody titre, as a correlate of protection for COVID-19 disease susceptibility, should help to evaluate the effectiveness of the BBIBP-CorV vaccine. Results suggest that proper measures should be undertaken to prevent a potential outbreak of COVID-19 in BBIBP-CorV vaccinated but eventually unprotected elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Ferenci
- Physiological Controls Research Center, Óbuda University, Bécsi út 96/b, Budapest, 1034, Hungary
- Department of Statistics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8, Budapest, 1093, Hungary
| | - Balázs Sarkadi
- Institute of Enzymology, ELKH Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 37-47, Budapest, 1094, Hungary.
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