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Manandhar P, Katz J, Lama TP, Khatry SK, Moss WJ, Erchick DJ. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, trust, and communication in Sarlahi District, Nepal. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(24)00661-3. [PMID: 38862309 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strategies to increase COVID-19 vaccine coverage require an understanding of the extent and drivers of vaccine hesitancy and trust in government related to COVID-19 vaccine programs, especially in low-resource communities. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional household survey post-COVID-19 vaccine introduction among adults (n = 362) in four municipalities in Sarlahi District, Nepal from August to December 2022. The survey included modules on participant demographics and socioeconomic factors and vaccine hesitancy, information seeking, and trust in authorities related to COVID-19 vaccination. RESULTS Of the study participants, 38.4 % expressed hesitancy related to COVID-19 vaccination. The adjusted odds of being "vaccine hesitant" were significantly lower among the older adults (51+ years) relative to younger (<30 years) (aOR: 0.49, CI: 0.24-0.97) and among males relative to females (aOR: 0.51, CI: 0.26, 0.95). The study population highly trusted the government's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic. While for most, self-reported access to vaccination opportunities was high (88.4 %), 70.4 % of participants did not know if vaccines were in stock at their local vaccination facility. Commonly reported statements of misinformation include the vaccine being developed in a rush or too fast (21.5 %), COVID-19 infection can be effectively treated with ayurvedic medicine(16.3 %) and obtaining immunity from natural infection is better than through vaccination (19.9 %). The primary sources of information on COVID-19 programs were family and friends (98.6 %), healthcare professionals (67.7 %), Female Community Health Volunteers (FCHVs) (61.9 %), television (56.4 %), and radio (43.1 %). CONCLUSION Although many respondents expressed concerns about COVID-19 effectiveness and safety, a high proportion trusted COVID-19 information provided by healthcare workers and approved of the government's response to the pandemic. This study highlights an opportunity to design new evidence-based communication strategies to improve vaccine confidence delivered through frontline government healthcare workers. Approaches could be targeted to certain communities in the region shown to have higher vaccine hesitancy, including younger people and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Porcia Manandhar
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Joanne Katz
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tsering Pema Lama
- Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project-Sarlahi (NNIPS), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Subarna K Khatry
- Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project-Sarlahi (NNIPS), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - William J Moss
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel J Erchick
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Shah S, Paudel K, Bhattarai A, Thapa S, Bhusal S, Adhikari YR, Adhikari TB, Bhatta N, Mandal P, Sharma P, Budha B, Aryal S, Das SK, Pant P. Association of vaccination status with the clinicobiochemical profile, hospital stay, and mortality in COVID-19: A case-control study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1579. [PMID: 37752972 PMCID: PMC10519156 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in reducing symptoms, disease advancement, complications, and mortality in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been well-established. This case-control study aimed to compare different blood parameters, and prognostic and survival outcomes of COVID-19 patients based on vaccination status. Methods We performed a case-control study that included hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Individuals who received vaccination were designated as cases and unvaccinated individuals as controls. Demographics, co-morbidity, clinical data, laboratory data, and disease outcomes were recorded for both groups. Multivariate, Cox, and linear regression were used for analysing blood parameters, hospital admission, survival, and hospital stay, respectively, between cases and controls. Results Out of 100 participants enrolled, 46 were vaccinated, and 54 weren't. At admission, ferritin and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were significantly lower in cases. At discharge, cases showed a higher monocyte than controls. Ferritin, ESR, and d-imer showed excellent performance in determining the severity of symptoms. Significant correlation and regression of ferritin and ESR with the length of hospital stay was observed. Length of hospital stay was significantly lower in cases than in controls. No significant differences between cases and controls were observed in mortality. Conclusion COVID-19 vaccines effectively reduced hospitalization duration. Ferritin and ESR were significantly lower in vaccinated individuals and showed the best utility in monitoring the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangam Shah
- Institute of MedicineTribhuvan UniversityMaharajgunjNepal
| | - Kiran Paudel
- Nepal Health FrontiersKathmanduTokhaNepal
- Department of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutMansfieldStorrsConnecticutUSA
| | - Abhinav Bhattarai
- Institute of MedicineTribhuvan UniversityMaharajgunjNepal
- Medical DatabaseIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Sandesh Bhusal
- Nepal Health FrontiersKathmanduTokhaNepal
- Department of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutMansfieldStorrsConnecticutUSA
| | | | - Tara B. Adhikari
- Nepal Health FrontiersKathmanduTokhaNepal
- Department of Public HealthAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Nikita Bhatta
- Institute of MedicineTribhuvan UniversityMaharajgunjNepal
| | - Prince Mandal
- Institute of MedicineTribhuvan UniversityMaharajgunjNepal
| | - Pratima Sharma
- Institute of MedicineTribhuvan UniversityMaharajgunjNepal
| | - Bishal Budha
- Institute of MedicineTribhuvan UniversityMaharajgunjNepal
| | - Shova Aryal
- Institute of MedicineTribhuvan UniversityMaharajgunjNepal
| | - Santa K. Das
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Institute of MedicineTribhuvan UniversityMaharajgunjNepal
| | - Pankaj Pant
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Institute of MedicineTribhuvan UniversityMaharajgunjNepal
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Shrestha S, Malla R, Shrestha S, Singh P, Sherchand JB. Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) on COVID-19 among the general population in most affected districts of Nepal. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001977. [PMID: 37506061 PMCID: PMC10381065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has become one of the global health challenges in the current context. In Nepal, the first confirmed case was reported on 23 January 2020, and since then, it has resulted in several negative impacts, including economic disruption and deterioration of physical and mental health. In such a pandemic, it is indispensable to understand the knowledge and behavioral patterns of the general population regarding COVID-19. Therefore, our study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices on COVID-19 among the general population in most affected districts and its relationship with socio-demographic conditions. The cross-sectional study was conducted among the general population above the age of 18 years from eight districts of Nepal including Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, Lalitpur, Morang, Sunsari, Rupandehi, Chitwan, and Kaski. A convenient non-probability sampling method was considered with total sample size of 702. The questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data. Descriptive statistics, non-parametric statistical tests, and a logistic regression model were used for analysis. The study showed that 93.3% of respondents had knowledge of overall preventive practices, whereas only 32% had knowledge of overall symptoms of COVID-19. Regarding attitudes, only 14.3% strongly believed that the COVID-19 pandemic would end soon. The preventive practice was reduced after the lockdown compared to that of during the lockdown. The respondents with white-collar occupations, high-income, and unmarried were good at KAP. Similarly, highly educated and those residing in urban areas had good knowledge and practice. The study findings will help in the development of targeted programs to improve the general population's knowledge, attitudes and practices on COVID-19, which is paramount to dealing with the existing pandemic and also such possible future waves of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salina Shrestha
- Center of Research for Environment, Energy and Water, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Rabin Malla
- Center of Research for Environment, Energy and Water, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sadhana Shrestha
- Center of Research for Environment, Energy and Water, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Interdisciplinary Center for River Basin Environment, University of Yamanashi, Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Pallavi Singh
- Nepal Red Cross Society, Head Office, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Jeevan B Sherchand
- Tribhuvan University, Institute of Medicine, Research Directorate, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Nepal Health Research Council, Government of Nepal, Ethical Review Board, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Karki A, Rijal B, Koirala B, Makai P, Kc P, Adhikary P, Joshi S, Basnet S, Bhattarai S, Karki J. Management of COVID-19 and vaccination in Nepal: A qualitative study. Health Expect 2023; 26:1170-1179. [PMID: 36797845 PMCID: PMC10154840 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this research is to investigate the perspective of citizens of Nepal on the management COVID-19, the roll-out of the vaccine, and to gain an understanding of attitudes towards the governments' handling of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD A qualitative methodology was used. In-depth interviews were conducted with 18 males and 23 females aged between 20 and 86 years old from one remote and one urban district of Nepal. Interviews were conducted in November and December 2021. A thematic approach was used to analyse the data, utilising NVivo 12 data management software. RESULT Three major themes were identified: (1) Peoples' perspective on the management of COVID-19, (2) people's perception of the management of COVID-19 vaccination and (3) management and dissemination of information. It was found that most participants had heard of COVID-19 and its mitigation measures, however, the majority had limited understanding and knowledge about the disease. Most participants expressed their disappointment concerning poor testing, quarantine, vaccination campaigns and poor accountability from the government towards the management of COVID-19. Misinformation and stigma were reported as the major factors contributing to the spread of COVID-19. People's knowledge and understanding were mainly shaped by the quality of the information they received from various sources of communication and social media. This heavily influenced their response to the pandemic, the preventive measures they followed and their attitude towards vaccination. CONCLUSION Our study concludes that the study participants' perception was that testing, quarantine centres and vaccination campaigns were poorly managed in both urban and rural settings in Nepal. Since people's knowledge and understanding of COVID-19 are heavily influenced by the quality of information they receive, we suggest providing contextualised correct information through a trusted channel regarding the pandemic, its preventive measures and vaccination. This study recommends that the government proactively involve grassroots-level volunteers like Female Community Health Volunteers to effectively prepare for future pandemics. PATIENT AND PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION This study was based on in-depth interviews with 41 people from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. This study would not have been possible without their participation.
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Mohammed AS, Asumah MN, Padhi BK, Sinha A, Mohammed I, Jamil S, Boasiako OA, Leman N, Kabir R. Predictors of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Uptake among Health Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Study in Ghana. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:190. [PMID: 36680035 PMCID: PMC9864896 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
COV-2 SARs has disproportionately affected low- and middle-income countries such as Ghana, where the healthcare system was not prepared enough to provide care, drugs, and equipment. This study was carried out to assess predictors of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among health professionals in the Bono region of Ghana. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 424 health professionals recruited through simple random sampling. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to identify the predictors of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance presented as an odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). All respondents had heard about the COVID-19 vaccine. The most common source of information was the media (45.8%). The proportion of health professionals who accepted the COVID-19 vaccine was 73.6%. Among those who did not take the vaccine, 64.3% were willing to take it in the future. The key predictors of taking the COVID-19 vaccine included: age 25 to 45 years (AOR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.14-3.35), age older than 45 years (AOR = 5.30, 95% CI: 2.59-10.87), males (AOR = 4.09, 95% CI: 2.34-7.15), Christians (AOR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.44-7.72), and at least three years of experience (AOR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.033-2.93). Reasons for not taking vaccines included: vaccines were rapidly developed and approved (41.0%), immediate side effects (39.2%), and unforeseen future effects (37.5%). This study showed that most participants had received their first dose of COVID-19 vaccination, and most of those hesitant about the vaccine were willing to receive it in the future. This is a positive finding for policy makers since it reflects that fewer resources will be needed for behavioural change initiatives. In addition, it would present a chance to focus on minority individuals who are unwilling to take the vaccine and offer targeted community mobilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Samed Mohammed
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Northern Region, Tamale P.O. Box TL1350, Ghana
| | - Mubarick Nungbaso Asumah
- Department of Global and International Health, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Northern Region, Tamale P.O. Box TL1350, Ghana
- Ghana Health Service, Kintampo Municipal Hospital, Bono East Region, Kintampo P.O. Box 192, Ghana
| | - Bijaya Kumar Padhi
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160017, India
| | - Abhinav Sinha
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Issah Mohammed
- Health Science Education Department, Faculty of Education, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Northern Region P.O. Box TL1350, Ghana
| | - Safayet Jamil
- Department of Pharmacy, Khwaja Yunus Ali University, Sirajganj 6751, Bangladesh
| | | | - Nladobi Leman
- Banda Ahenkro Health Centre, Banda P.O. Box 3, Ghana
| | - Russell Kabir
- School of Allied Health, Anglia Ruskin University, Essex, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, UK
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Debnath A, Ahmad A. Perception and Attitude Towards COVID-19 Vaccination Among the Elderly: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e33108. [PMID: 36726913 PMCID: PMC9886375 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 is one of the most formidable obstacles that humanity has encountered in this century. The death rate was high among the elderly in India; therefore, getting the elderly vaccinated was one of the most important things to do. Objective We conducted this study to assess the perception and attitude about the COVID-19 vaccines among the elderly population. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at Fatehpur Beri, New Delhi. We selected 108 participants using systematic random sampling. We used a semi-structured questionnaire to collect the data. Results Out of 108 participants, 52.8% were men. Among them, 9.3% of participants had tested positive before. The average number of days of illness among the participants was 5.3 (SD + 3.5). Males had a higher average day of illness (5.5, SD +3.7) than females (4.9, SD +3.3). Among those who had not been vaccinated, 73.3% of participants said they would receive the vaccine, 6.7% were unsure, and 20% were not willing to receive the vaccine. Conclusion COVID vaccination in an elderly population showed a relatively high vaccine acceptance rate, and the willingness to get the vaccine was also high among the unvaccinated.
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How an Outbreak of COVID-19 Circulated Widely in Nepal: A Chronological Analysis of the National Response to an Unprecedented Pandemic. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12071087. [PMID: 35888175 PMCID: PMC9321054 DOI: 10.3390/life12071087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first COVID-19 case was reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. The first COVID-19 case in Nepal was reported in January 2020 in a Nepalese man who had returned from Wuhan to Nepal. This study aims to evaluate the government of Nepal’s (GoN) response to the COVID-19 pandemic and explore ways to prevent COVID-19 and other pandemic diseases in the future. As of May 2022, a total of 979,140 cases and 11,951 deaths associated with COVID-19 have been reported in Nepal. To prevent the spread of the virus, the GoN initiated various preventive and control measures, including lockdown strategies. The effects of COVID-19 are expected to persist for many years; the best strategies a resource-limited country such as Nepal can implement to control pandemic diseases such as COVID-19 in the pre-vaccine stage are to increase testing, tracing, and isolation capacity.
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Aouissi HA, Kechebar MSA, Ababsa M, Roufayel R, Neji B, Petrisor AI, Hamimes A, Epelboin L, Ohmagari N. The Importance of Behavioral and Native Factors on COVID-19 Infection and Severity: Insights from a Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10071341. [PMID: 35885867 PMCID: PMC9323463 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on a global scale. Understanding the innate and lifestyle-related factors influencing the rate and severity of COVID-19 is important for making evidence-based recommendations. This cross-sectional study aims at establishing a potential relationship between human characteristics and vulnerability/resistance to SARS-CoV-2. We hypothesize that the impact of the virus is not the same due to cultural and ethnic differences. A cross-sectional study was performed using an online questionnaire. The methodology included the development of a multi-language survey, expert evaluation, and data analysis. Data were collected using a 13-item pre-tested questionnaire based on a literature review between 9 December 2020 and 21 July 2021. Data were statistically analyzed using logistic regression. For a total of 1125 respondents, 332 (29.5%) were COVID-19 positive; among them, 130 (11.5%) required home-based treatment, and 14 (1.2%) intensive care. The significant and most influential factors on infection included age, physical activity, and health status (p < 0.05), i.e., better physical activity and better health status significantly reduced the possibility of infection, while older age significantly increased it. The severity of infection was negatively associated with the acceptance (adherence and respect) of preventive measures and positively associated with tobacco (p < 0.05), i.e., smoking regularly significantly increases the severity of COVID-19 infection. This suggests the importance of behavioral factors compared to innate ones. Apparently, individual behavior is mainly responsible for the spread of the virus. Therefore, adopting a healthy lifestyle and scrupulously observing preventive measures, including vaccination, would greatly limit the probability of infection and prevent the development of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Amir Aouissi
- Scientific and Technical Research Center on Arid Regions (CRSTRA), Biskra 07000, Algeria; (M.S.A.K.); (M.A.)
- Laboratoire de Recherche et d’Etude en Aménagement et Urbanisme (LREAU), Université des Sciences et de la Technologie (USTHB), Algiers 16000, Algeria
- Environmental Research Center (CRE), Badji-Mokhtar Annaba University, Annaba 23000, Algeria
- Correspondence: (H.A.A.); (R.R.); Tel.: +21-3662387144 (H.A.A.)
| | - Mohamed Seif Allah Kechebar
- Scientific and Technical Research Center on Arid Regions (CRSTRA), Biskra 07000, Algeria; (M.S.A.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Mostefa Ababsa
- Scientific and Technical Research Center on Arid Regions (CRSTRA), Biskra 07000, Algeria; (M.S.A.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Rabih Roufayel
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait;
- Correspondence: (H.A.A.); (R.R.); Tel.: +21-3662387144 (H.A.A.)
| | - Bilel Neji
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait;
| | - Alexandru-Ionut Petrisor
- Doctoral School of Urban Planning, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, 010014 Bucharest, Romania;
- National Institute for Research and Development in Tourism, 50741 Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Research and Development in Constructions, Urbanism and Sustainable Spatial Development URBAN-INCERC, 021652 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ahmed Hamimes
- Faculty of Medicine, University Salah Boubnider of Constantine 3, Constantine 25000, Algeria;
| | - Loïc Epelboin
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, 97306 Cayenne, France;
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique (CIC INSERM 1424), Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, 97306 Cayenne, France
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan;
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
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