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Silva A, Silva V, Gomes JP, Coelho A, Batista R, Saraiva C, Esteves A, Martins Â, Contente D, Diaz-Formoso L, Cintas LM, Igrejas G, Borges V, Poeta P. Listeria monocytogenes from Food Products and Food Associated Environments: Antimicrobial Resistance, Genetic Clustering and Biofilm Insights. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:447. [PMID: 38786175 PMCID: PMC11118052 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne pathogen, exhibits high adaptability to adverse environmental conditions and is common in the food industry, especially in ready-to-eat foods. L. monocytogenes strains pose food safety challenges due to their ability to form biofilms, increased resistance to disinfectants, and long-term persistence in the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and genetic diversity of L. monocytogenes in food and related environmental products collected from 2014 to 2022 and assess antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm formation abilities. L. monocytogenes was identified in 13 out of the 227 (6%) of samples, 7 from food products (meat preparation, cheeses, and raw milk) and 6 from food-processing environments (slaughterhouse-floor and catering establishments). All isolates exhibited high biofilm-forming capacity and antibiotic susceptibility testing showed resistance to several classes of antibiotics, especially trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and erythromycin. Genotyping and core-genome clustering identified eight sequence types and a cluster of three very closely related ST3 isolates (all from food), suggesting a common contamination source. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis revealed resistance genes conferring resistance to fosfomycin (fosX), lincosamides (lin), fluoroquinolones (norB), and tetracycline (tetM). In addition, the qacJ gene was also detected, conferring resistance to disinfecting agents and antiseptics. Virulence gene profiling revealed the presence of 92 associated genes associated with pathogenicity, adherence, and persistence. These findings underscore the presence of L. monocytogenes strains in food products and food-associated environments, demonstrating a high virulence of these strains associated with resistance genes to antibiotics, but also to disinfectants and antiseptics. Moreover, they emphasize the need for continuous surveillance, effective risk assessment, and rigorous control measures to minimize the public health risks associated to severe infections, particularly listeriosis outbreaks. A better understanding of the complex dynamics of pathogens in food products and their associated environments can help improve overall food safety and develop more effective strategies to prevent severe health consequences and economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.S.)
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.S.)
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Gomes
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anabela Coelho
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Batista
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Saraiva
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Esteves
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ângela Martins
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Diogo Contente
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain (L.M.C.)
| | - Lara Diaz-Formoso
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain (L.M.C.)
| | - Luis M. Cintas
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain (L.M.C.)
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Vítor Borges
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.S.)
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Kim J, Kim JW, Lee KK, Lee K, Ku BK, Kim HY. Laboratory investigation of causes of bovine abortion and stillbirth in the Republic of Korea, 2014-2020. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:428-437. [PMID: 38711295 PMCID: PMC11110765 DOI: 10.1177/10406387241239919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine abortion is a critical problem in the cattle industry. Identifying causes of abortion is key to establishing appropriate herd management and prevention strategies. We used pathology examinations, detection of etiologic agents, and serology to determine the cause of bovine abortions in Korea. We analyzed 360 abortion and stillbirth cases submitted to the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency from December 2014 to January 2020. The putative cause of abortion was identified in 140 of 360 (38.9%) cases; 124 of the 140 (88.6%) cases were attributed to infections. The most common etiologic agents detected were bovine viral diarrhea virus (65 of 360; 18.1%), Coxiella burnetii (19 of 360; 5.3%), Leptospira spp. (13 of 360; 3.6%), Listeria monocytogenes (9 of 360; 2.5%), and Neospora caninum (8 of 360; 2.2%). Minor abortifacient pathogens included Brucella abortus (2 of 360; 0.6%), bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (2 of 360; 0.6%), Akabane virus (2 of 360, 0.6%), and bovine ephemeral fever virus (1 of 360; 0.3%). Non-infectious conditions included congenital anomalies (7 of 360; 1.9%), goiter (7 of 360; 1.9%), and vitamin A deficiency (2 of 360; 0.6%). Our diagnostic rate in cases with placenta submitted (42 of 86; 48.8%) was significantly higher than in cases without placenta (98 of 274; 35.8%), which highlights the value of submitting placentas. Our results confirm the status of the large variety of causative agents associated with abortions in cattle in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongho Kim
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wan Kim
- Research Planning Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ki Lee
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghyun Lee
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok-Kyung Ku
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division , Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Young Kim
- Bacterial Disease Division , Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
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Brown SRB, Bland R, McIntyre L, Shyng S, Weisberg AJ, Riutta ER, Chang JH, Kovacevic J. Genomic characterization of Listeria monocytogenes recovered from dairy facilities in British Columbia, Canada from 2007 to 2017. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1304734. [PMID: 38585707 PMCID: PMC10995413 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1304734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen of concern in dairy processing facilities, with the potential to cause human illness and trigger regulatory actions if found in the product. Monitoring for Listeria spp. through environmental sampling is recommended to prevent establishment of these microorganisms in dairy processing environments, thereby reducing the risk of product contamination. To inform on L. monocytogenes diversity and transmission, we analyzed genome sequences of L. monocytogenes strains (n = 88) obtained through the British Columbia Dairy Inspection Program. Strains were recovered from five different dairy processing facilities over a 10 year period (2007-2017). Analysis of whole genome sequences (WGS) grouped the isolates into nine sequence types and 11 cgMLST types (CT). The majority of isolates (93%) belonged to lineage II. Within each CT, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) differences ranged from 0 to 237 between isolates. A highly similar (0-16 SNPs) cluster of over 60 isolates, collected over 9 years within one facility (#71), was identified suggesting a possible persistent population. Analyses of genome content revealed a low frequency of genes associated with stress tolerance, with the exception of widely disseminated cadmium resistance genes cadA1 and cadA2. The distribution of virulence genes and mutations within internalin genes varied across the isolates and facilities. Further studies are needed to elucidate their phenotypic effect on pathogenicity and stress response. These findings demonstrate the diversity of L. monocytogenes isolates across dairy facilities in the same region. Findings also showed the utility of using WGS to discern potential persistence events within a single facility over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Bland
- Food Innovation Center, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, United States
| | | | - Sion Shyng
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alexandra J. Weisberg
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Riutta
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jeff H. Chang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jovana Kovacevic
- Food Innovation Center, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, United States
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Félix B, Capitaine K, Te S, Felten A, Gillot G, Feurer C, van den Bosch T, Torresi M, Sréterné Lancz Z, Delannoy S, Brauge T, Midelet G, Leblanc JC, Roussel S. Identification by High-Throughput Real-Time PCR of 30 Major Circulating Listeria monocytogenes Clonal Complexes in Europe. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0395422. [PMID: 37158749 PMCID: PMC10269651 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03954-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous bacterium that causes a foodborne illness, listeriosis. Most strains can be classified into major clonal complexes (CCs) that account for the majority of outbreaks and sporadic cases in Europe. In addition to the 20 CCs known to account for the majority of human and animal clinical cases, 10 CCs are frequently reported in food production, thereby posing a serious challenge for the agrifood industry. Therefore, there is a need for a rapid and reliable method to identify these 30 major CCs. The high-throughput real-time PCR assay presented here provides accurate identification of these 30 CCs and eight genetic subdivisions within four CCs, splitting each CC into two distinct subpopulations, along with the molecular serogroup of a strain. Based on the BioMark high-throughput real-time PCR system, our assay analyzes 46 strains against 40 real-time PCR arrays in a single experiment. This European study (i) designed the assay from a broad panel of 3,342 L. monocytogenes genomes, (ii) tested its sensitivity and specificity on 597 sequenced strains collected from 24 European countries, and (iii) evaluated its performance in the typing of 526 strains collected during surveillance activities. The assay was then optimized for conventional multiplex real-time PCR for easy implementation in food laboratories. It has already been used for outbreak investigations. It represents a key tool for assisting food laboratories to establish strain relatedness with human clinical strains during outbreak investigations and for helping food business operators by improving their microbiological management plans. IMPORTANCE Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is the reference method for Listeria monocytogenes typing but is expensive and takes time to perform, from 3 to 5 days for laboratories that outsource sequencing. Thirty major MLST clonal complexes (CCs) are circulating in the food chain and are currently identifiable only by sequencing. Therefore, there is a need for a rapid and reliable method to identify these CCs. The method presented here enables the rapid identification, by real-time PCR, of 30 CCs and eight genetic subdivisions within four CCs, splitting each CC into two distinct subpopulations. The assay was then optimized on different conventional multiplex real-time PCR systems for easy implementation in food laboratories. The two assays will be used for frontline identification of L. monocytogenes isolates prior to whole-genome sequencing. Such assays are of great interest for all food industry stakeholders and public agencies for tracking L. monocytogenes food contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Félix
- ANSES, European Union Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Karine Capitaine
- ANSES, European Union Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sandrine Te
- ANSES, European Union Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Arnaud Felten
- ANSES, Ploufragan/Plouzané/Niort Laboratory, Viral Genetics and Bio-Security Unit, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Ploufragan, France
| | | | - Carole Feurer
- IFIP–The French Pig and Pork Institute, Department of Fresh and Processed Meat, Le Rheu, France
| | - Tijs van den Bosch
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Department of Bacteriology, Molecular Technology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Torresi
- National Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale” Via Campo Boario, Teramo, Italy
| | - Zsuzsanna Sréterné Lancz
- Microbiological National Reference Laboratory, National Food Chain Safety Office, Food Chain Safety Laboratory Directorate, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sabine Delannoy
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, IdentyPath Platform, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Thomas Brauge
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Graziella Midelet
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Jean-Charles Leblanc
- ANSES, European Union Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sophie Roussel
- ANSES, European Union Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Genetic Characterization of Listeria from Food of Non-Animal Origin Products and from Producing and Processing Companies in Bavaria, Germany. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061120. [PMID: 36981047 PMCID: PMC10048318 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Reported cases of listeriosis from food of non-animal origin (FNAO) are increasing. In order to assess the risk of exposure to Listeria monocytogenes from FNAO, the genetic characterization of the pathogen in FNAO products and in primary production and processing plants needs to be investigated. For this, 123 samples of fresh and frozen soft fruit and 407 samples of 39 plants in Bavaria, Germany that produce and process FNAO were investigated for Listeria contamination. As a result, 64 Listeria spp. isolates were detected using ISO 11290-1:2017. Environmental swabs and water and food samples were investigated. L. seeligeri (36/64, 56.25%) was the most frequently identified species, followed by L. monocytogenes (8/64, 12.50%), L. innocua (8/64, 12.50%), L. ivanovii (6/64, 9.38%), L. newyorkensis (5/64, 7.81%), and L. grayi (1/64, 1.56%). Those isolates were subsequently sequenced by whole-genome sequencing and subjected to pangenome analysis to retrieve data on the genotype, serotype, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and virulence markers. Eight out of sixty-four Listeria spp. isolates were identified as L. monocytogenes. The serogroup analysis detected that 62.5% of the L. monocytogenes isolates belonged to serogroup IIa (1/2a and 3a) and 37.5% to serogroup IVb (4b, 4d, and 4e). Furthermore, the MLST (multilocus sequence typing) analysis of the eight detected L. monocytogenes isolates identified seven different sequence types (STs) and clonal complexes (CCs), i.e., ST1/CC1, ST2/CC2, ST6/CC6, ST7/CC7, ST21/CC21, ST504/CC475, and ST1413/CC739. The core genome MLST analysis also showed high allelic differences and suggests plant-specific isolates. Regarding the AMR, we detected phenotypic resistance against benzylpenicillin, fosfomycin, and moxifloxacin in all eight L. monocytogenes isolates. Moreover, virulence factors, such as prfA, hly, plcA, plcB, hpt, actA, inlA, inlB, and mpl, were identified in pathogenic and nonpathogenic Listeria species. The significance of L. monocytogenes in FNAO is growing and should receive increasing levels of attention.
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Cardenas-Alvarez MX, Zeng H, Webb BT, Mani R, Muñoz M, Bergholz TM. Comparative Genomics of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates from Ruminant Listeriosis Cases in the Midwest United States. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0157922. [PMID: 36314928 PMCID: PMC9769944 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01579-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruminants are a well-known reservoir for Listeria monocytogenes. In addition to asymptomatic carriage of the pathogen, ruminants can also acquire listeriosis and develop clinical manifestations in the form of neurologic or fetal infections, similar to those occurring in humans. Genomic characterization of ruminant listeriosis cases in Europe have identified lineage 1 and 2 strains associated with infection, as well as clonal complexes (CCs) that are commonly isolated from human cases of listeriosis; however, there is little information on the diversity of L. monocytogenes from ruminant listeriosis in the United States. In this study, we characterized and compared 73 L. monocytogenes isolates from ruminant listeriosis cases from the Midwest and the Upper Great Plains collected from 2015 to 2020. Using whole-genome sequence data, we classified the isolates and identified key virulence factors, stress-associated genes, and mobile genetic elements within our data set. Our isolates belonged to three different lineages: 31% to lineage 1, 53% to lineage 2, and 15% to lineage 3. Lineage 1 and 3 isolates were associated with neurologic infections, while lineage 2 showed a greater frequency of fetal infections. Additionally, the presence of mobile elements, virulence-associated genes, and stress and antimicrobial resistance genes was evaluated. These genetic elements are responsible for most of the subgroup-specific features and may play a key role in the spread of hypervirulent clones, including the spread of hypervirulent CC1 clone commonly associated with disease in humans, and may explain the increased frequency of certain clones in the area. IMPORTANCE Listeria monocytogenes affects humans and animals, causing encephalitis, septicemia, and abortions, among other clinical outcomes. Ruminants such as cattle, goats, and sheep are the main carriers contributing to the maintenance and dispersal of this pathogen in the farm environment. Contamination of food products from farms is of concern not only because many L. monocytogenes genotypes found there are associated with human listeriosis but also as a cause of significant economic losses when livestock and food products are affected. Ruminant listeriosis has been characterized extensively in Europe; however, there is limited information about the genetic diversity of these cases in the United States. Identification of subgroups with a greater ability to spread may facilitate surveillance and management of listeriosis and contribute to a better understanding of the genome diversity of this pathogen, providing insights into the molecular epidemiology of ruminant listeriosis in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria X. Cardenas-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Brett T. Webb
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Rinosh Mani
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Marina Muñoz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Teresa M. Bergholz
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Gradovska S, Šteingolde Ž, Ķibilds J, Meistere I, Avsejenko J, Streikiša M, Alksne L, Terentjeva M, Bērziņš A. Genetic diversity and known virulence genes in Listeria innocua strains isolated from cattle abortions and farm environment. Vet Anim Sci 2022; 19:100276. [PMID: 36545353 PMCID: PMC9762182 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2022.100276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria innocua is considered as non-pathogenic bacteria living in an environment although several cases of immunocompromised humans and ruminant listeriosis infections have been reported. Previously, L. innocua was identified as a potential pathogen and virulence in association with L. monocytogenes PrfA dependent virulence (LIPI-1) gene cluster was demonstrated in hemolytic L. innocua. L. innocua usually considered non-pathogenic versus pathogenic L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii because of the main virulence gene loss. There are limited studies and reports available about L. innocua-caused illness in cattle. A total of 18 STs were identified in cattle abortions while 17 STs in the farm environment with majority of STs were present in both abortions and environmental samples. Genome sequencing showed that in one farm identical L. innocua clones were represented in water, feed, soil, and faeces sample groups, suggesting that animals most likely through the faecal shedding may remain as the main source of L. innocua in a farm environment. Out of all L. innocua isolates PrfA-dependent virulence genes were not found in aborted foetuses isolates and environmental L. innocua isolate groups; however, in 20% of isolates a complete LIPI-3 pathogenicity island encoding listeriolysin S was identified. In this study, we demonstrated that genetically diverse L. innocua clones were widely distributed in cattle farm environment and certain isolates had a significant pathogenicity potential for cattle, thus causing adverse health effects, including abortions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silva Gradovska
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes Str 3, Riga Latvia, Lativa,Corresponding author.
| | - Žanete Šteingolde
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes Str 3, Riga Latvia, Lativa,Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Juris Ķibilds
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes Str 3, Riga Latvia, Lativa
| | - Irēna Meistere
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes Str 3, Riga Latvia, Lativa
| | - Jeļena Avsejenko
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes Str 3, Riga Latvia, Lativa
| | - Madara Streikiša
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes Str 3, Riga Latvia, Lativa
| | - Laura Alksne
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes Str 3, Riga Latvia, Lativa
| | - Margarita Terentjeva
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes Str 3, Riga Latvia, Lativa
| | - Aivars Bērziņš
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes Str 3, Riga Latvia, Lativa,Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
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Di Renzo L, De Angelis ME, Torresi M, Di Lollo V, Di Teodoro G, Averaimo D, Defourny SVP, Di Giacinto F, Profico C, Olivieri V, Pomilio F, Cammà C, Ferri N, Di Francesco G. First Report of Septicaemic Listeriosis in a Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta) Stranded along the Adriatic Coast: Strain Detection and Sequencing. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182364. [PMID: 36139224 PMCID: PMC9495059 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are increasing reports on the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in wild species, this is the first case of listeriosis in sea turtle. An adult female Caretta caretta was rescued after being stranded alive along the coast of the Abruzzo region (Italy) in summer 2021. The turtle died in 6 days due to respiratory failure. The necropsy showed widespread organ lesions, such as yellow foci of necrosis in many organs, gastrointestinal erosions, pericarditis, and granulomatous pneumonia. Microbiological and histological analyses were performed on several organs. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from multiple organs, indicating a case of septicaemic listeriosis, and the genome was sequenced and characterized. All the colonies analysed belonged to the same strain serogroup IVb, ST388, and CC388.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Di Renzo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) dell’Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy
- Centro Studi Cetacei Onlus, Centro Recupero e Riabilitazione Tartarughe Marine “L.Cagnolaro”, 65125 Pescara, PE, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-08613321
| | | | - Marina Torresi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) dell’Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy
| | - Valeria Di Lollo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) dell’Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Teodoro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) dell’Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy
| | - Daniela Averaimo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) dell’Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy
| | | | - Federica Di Giacinto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) dell’Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy
| | - Chiara Profico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) dell’Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy
- Centro Studi Cetacei Onlus, Centro Recupero e Riabilitazione Tartarughe Marine “L.Cagnolaro”, 65125 Pescara, PE, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Olivieri
- Centro Studi Cetacei Onlus, Centro Recupero e Riabilitazione Tartarughe Marine “L.Cagnolaro”, 65125 Pescara, PE, Italy
| | - Francesco Pomilio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) dell’Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy
| | - Cesare Cammà
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) dell’Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) dell’Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy
| | - Gabriella Di Francesco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) dell’Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy
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Genetic Diversity and Relationships of Listeria monocytogenes Serogroup IIa Isolated in Poland. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030532. [PMID: 35336111 PMCID: PMC8951407 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, 100 L. monocytogenes isolates of serogroup IIa from food and food production environments in Poland were characterized towards the presence of virulence, resistance, and stress response genes using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The strains were also molecularly typed and compared with multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and core genome MLST analyses. The present isolates were grouped into 6 sublineages (SLs), with the most prevalent SL155 (33 isolates), SL121 (32 isolates), and SL8 (28 isolates) and classified into six clonal complexes, with the most prevalent CC155 (33 strains), CC121 (32 isolates), and CC8 (28 strains). Furthermore, the strains were grouped to eight sequence types, with the most prevalent ST155 (33 strains), ST121 (30 isolates), and ST8 (28; strains) followed by 60 cgMLST types (CTs). WGS data showed the presence of several virulence genes or putative molecular markers playing a role in pathogenesis of listeriosis and involved in survival of L. monocytogenes in adverse environmental conditions. Some of the present strains were molecularly closely related to L. monocytogenes previously isolated in Poland. The results of the study showed that food and food production environments may be a source of L. monocytogenes of serogroup IIa with pathogenic potential.
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Vacuum-Packed Steak Tartare: Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes and Evaluation of Efficacy of ListexTM P100. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040533. [PMID: 35206010 PMCID: PMC8871042 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Steak tartare is a raw, ready-to-eat meal popular in European countries, the safety of which is often discussed due to the risk of foodborne illness. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in vacuum-packed steak tartare from retailers in the Czech Republic, characterize the strains obtained by typing methods and to evaluate the efficacy of ListexTM P100 against L. monocytogenes artificially inoculated into steak tartare samples. The prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 55% and 17 isolates belonging mostly to serotype 1/2a were obtained. Altogether 11 sequence types and 11 clonal complexes were assigned based on the whole genome sequencing (WGS) signifying the high diversity of L. monocytogenes isolates obtained. Core genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST) did not confirm an epidemiological connection with human cases of listeriosis. The efficacy of ListexTM P100 treatment at concentrations of 108 and 109 PFU/g on artificially inoculated beef steak tartare samples was not efficient. Based on the results of this study, steak tartare from retailers can be considered as a source of L. monocytogenes that remains a challenge to the food industry.
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