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Wang L, Dang D, Cao L, Wang H, Liu R. Risk Threshold and Assessment of Chloramphenicol Antibiotics in Sediment in the Fenhe River Basin, China. TOXICS 2023; 11:570. [PMID: 37505535 PMCID: PMC10385513 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Chloramphenicol antibiotics (CAs) are broad-spectrum antibiotics which are widely used in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in livestock and poultry breeding. However, overused CAs can enter the watershed and eventually enter the sediment. Antibiotics in sediment can cause secondary pollution through disturbance and suspension. In this study, taking the Fenhe River Basin as the research area, the risk of CAs in sediment were assessed by collecting sediment samples. The results showed that CAs were detected in all sediment samples of the Fenhe River Basin. The mean concentration of CAs was 79.1 μg/kg, and the concentration of thiamphenicol (THI) was dominant, which was up to 58.3 μg/kg. Temporally, there are great differences in different seasons; the concentration of CAs was higher in winter than that in summer, up to 4.79-174 times. Spatially, the mean concentration of CAs in midstream was 83.5 μg/kg, which was higher than that in the upstream and downstream. The concentration of CAs in tributaries were generally higher than that in the main stream, and the mean concentration of tributaries was 1.1 times that of the main stream. CAs in S2 (Lanhe River) was the most prominent among all sample sites; the concentration of CAs was 190.8 μg/kg. The risk threshold of CAs in the sediment was calculated using the Equilibrium Partitioning approach (EqP), based on the distribution coefficient (Kp) and the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) in the water, and the values were 0.091-1.44 mg/kg. Based on the risk threshold, the ecological risk of the CAs in sediment was assessed using risk quotients (RQ). The results showed that the Chloramphenicol (CHL) was the most prominent in the Fenhe River Basin, and the proportion of medium-risk areas reached 21.7%, while all the other areas showed low risk. Secondly, the proportion of medium-risk areas was 17.4% for THI, and all the other areas showed low risk. The risk for Florfenicol (FF) was least among all CAs, and the proportion of low-risk areas was only 8.7%, while all the other areas were of insignificant risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfang Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetic and Germplasm Innovation, Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030600, China
| | - Dexuan Dang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetic and Germplasm Innovation, Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030600, China
| | - Leiping Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Huiyan Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetic and Germplasm Innovation, Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030600, China
| | - Ruimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Fu T, Li C, Wang Z, Qi C, Chen G, Fu Y, Su Q, Xu X, Liu W, Yu H. Hydrochemical characteristics and quality assessment of groundwater in Guangxi coastal areas, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114564. [PMID: 36736248 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is a main source of water supply in Guangxi Province, China. The urbanization expansion and ocean dynamic may change the groundwater quality, which is an important issue due to its effects on human health. In this paper, the influence of seawater intrusion and anthropogenic activity on the Guangxi coastal aquatic environment was assessed by geochemical and multivariate statistical methods. The result indicated that the chemical composition of groundwater in the study area is obviously associated with seawater and the main groundwater types were Ca·Na-Cl, Ca·Na-HCO3, and Ca-HCO3·Cl. The groundwater evolution path from land to sea in Guangxi is Ca-HCO3 → Na·Mg-Cl. The origin of salts in the study area is mainly controlled by mineral weathering, the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes contents point to the aqueous source of atmospheric precipitation. According to the results of PCA, seawater intrusion and pollution caused by human activities play an increasingly important role in the evolution of groundwater characteristics. Seawater intrusion is the main factor for the increase of groundwater salinity in Guangxi, while domestic sewage, industrial waste, fertilizers, and pesticides may contribute to the nitrate pollution of groundwater, especially in Beihai. The degree of groundwater nitrate pollution is as follows: Fangchenggang < Qinzhou < Beihai, which is associated with the degree of urbanization in the coastal area. Finally, the results of the water quality index (WQI) assessment show that 82.8 % of the samples were classified as excellent, while there is still a need to be vigilant about groundwater pollution caused by seawater intrusion and groundwater pollution. The results will be valuable for sustainable groundwater resource management in Guangxi coastal zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Science and Integrated Management, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Chenzhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Science and Integrated Management, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Zhenyan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chen Qi
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Science and Integrated Management, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China; College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China
| | - Guangquan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Science and Integrated Management, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Yushan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Science and Integrated Management, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Qiao Su
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Science and Integrated Management, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Xingyong Xu
- Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beihai 536000, China.
| | - Wenquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Science and Integrated Management, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Hongjun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Science and Integrated Management, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
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Xiao J, Lv G, Chai N, Hu J, Jin Z. Hydrochemistry and source apportionment of boron, sulfate, and nitrate in the Fen River, a typical loess covered area in the eastern Chinese Loess Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112570. [PMID: 34922980 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fen River Basin (FRB) is water-deficient and strongly influenced by human activities in the eastern Chinese Loess Plateau. The spatio-temporal variation and controlling factors of hyrochemistry and quality, sources of high boron, sulfate, and nitrate of surface waters in FRB were unclear. Major ions, δ11B, δ15N, and δ18O in surface waters in dry season and wet season of FRB were analyzed and correlation analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), self-organizing map (SOM), forward model, and Bayesian isotope mixing model (MixSIAR) were used to solve above problems. Results showed that average riverine δ11B, δ15N, and δ18O of FRB was 7.8‰, 11.2‰, and 1.3‰ (1SD), respectively. Dissolved solutes ranked midstream > downstream > upstream with water type of Na +-Cl-, Ca2+-Mg2+-Cl-, and Ca2+-HCO3-, respectively. Low dissolved solutes were in forest areas while high values were in cropland and city areas. SOM analysis indicated that hydrochemistry was both influenced by natural (upstream) and pollutional input (midstream and downstream) and variation between dry season and wet season was minor. The abnormally high boron concentrations were mainly from silicate weathering (43%) and evaporites dissolution of loess (32%), urban and industrial input contributed 15% of riverine boron. High SO42- (207 ± 267 mg/L, 1SD) was mainly from sulfates. δ15N and δ18O analysis indicated that nitrification was the primary N cycling process. Further, MixSIAR showed that NO3- was mainly from municipal sewage (∼67%) and the total contribution of chemical fertilizer and soil nitrogen was ∼30% with slightly higher values in upstream and wet season. Influenced by land-use types, evaporite dissolution, and anthropogenic input, water quality below midstream was worse and strict sewage reduction policies must be developed. This study highlights the significant influence of evaporite dissolution of loess and anthropogenic input (urban and industrial input for B and sewage for NO3-) on hydrochemistry and water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi'an, 710061, China; Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 97 Yanxiang Road, Yanta Zone, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Guorui Lv
- SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi'an, 710061, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ningpan Chai
- SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jing Hu
- SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zhangdong Jin
- SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi'an, 710061, China; Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 97 Yanxiang Road, Yanta Zone, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
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Seasonal and spatial patterns of eukaryotic phytoplankton communities in an urban river based on marker gene. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23147. [PMID: 34848755 PMCID: PMC8633359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The seasonal and spatial eukaryotic phytoplankton composition in the Fenhe River was investigated based on the 18S rDNA V4 region. The relationship between phytoplankton functional groups and environmental factors was explored to effectively capture the responses of these taxa to environmental gradients and their effects on ecosystem function. Our results indicated that the Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta had higher relative abundance than other taxa, and their diversity and richness indices in spring were higher than those in other seasons. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analyses detected that the potential seasonal biomarkers included Desmodesmus, Cyclotella, Pseudoschroederia, Discostella, Scenedesmus, Monoraphidium, and Nannochloropsis; the spatial biomarkers included Amphora, Neochloris, Hindakia, Pseudomuriella, Coccomyxa, Chloroidium, Scherffelia, Chromochloris, and Scotinosphaera. The systemic evolution and distribution characteristics of the first 50 representative sequences showed that the dominant genus included Desmodesmus in spring, Pseudopediastrum in summer, Mychonastes in autumn, and Monoraphidium in winter. Main seasonal variation of phytoplankton functional groups was as follows: spring (J + F + C + X1) → summer (J + F + X1 + X2) → autumn (J + F + X1 + C) → winter (X1 + J + B + X2). Pearson correlation, redundancy analysis, and variance partitioning analysis showed temperature and phosphate were the determining factors causing the changes of phytoplankton functional groups and community composition in the Fenhe River.
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Xie H, Huang C, Li J, Zhang Y, Xu X, Liu D, Ouyang Z. Strong Precipitation and Human Activity Spur Rapid Nitrate Deposition in Estuarine Delta: Multi-Isotope and Auxiliary Data Evidence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126221. [PMID: 34201294 PMCID: PMC8229497 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The intensive development of the Yellow River Delta has caused huge transportation of non-point pollutants into the Bohai Sea through source river estuaries and thus poses a considerable threat to eco-environmental security in the region. Long-term irrigation in the Yellow River basin, with occasional heavy rainfall and the related effects of ensuring hydrological processes and human activities in terms of nitrate N transport via surface water systems, is unclear. Using stable isotope (δ2H-H2O and δ18O-H2O, δ15N-NO3− and δ18O-NO3−) and auxiliary geographic data, the ISO source model was run to quantitatively analyze the supply relationship of river systems and the rapid change in the spatial pattern of nitrate N due to heavy rainfall in the estuarine delta. This analysis made clear the dominant contribution of agricultural activities and urbanization to NO3−-N emission, on which basis refined management measures were proposed to deal with NO3− in surface water from the “source-process”. The results of the study show that: (1) The relationship of surface water replenishment in the Yellow River Delta was affected not only by rainfall, irrigation, and other water conservancy measures but also the proportion of water from Yellow River flow declined from the source to estuary; (2) To a certain extent, rainfall diluted the concentration of nitrate N in the river and increased instantaneous flux of nitrate N into the sea, where nitrate N flux continuously increased from upstream to downstream; (3) The rapid deposition of nitrate in the estuary delta was driven by heavy rainfall and human activities such as excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers, rapid urbanization, and livestock waste discharge, and; (4) Scientific measures were needed to realize the interactive effect of the output of non-point source pollutants and the carrying and absorption capacity of coastal fragile ecosystems of the exogenous inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyou Xie
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.X.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (D.L.)
- College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.X.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (D.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6488-9300
| | - Yitao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.X.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (D.L.)
| | - Xiangbo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.X.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (D.L.)
- UN Environment-International Ecosystem Management Partnership (UNEP-IEMP), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Deyao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.X.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (D.L.)
- College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhu Ouyang
- Yellow River Delta Modern Agricultural Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
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Ji W, Xiao J, Toor GS, Li Z. Nitrate-nitrogen transport in streamwater and groundwater in a loess covered region: Sources, drivers, and spatiotemporal variation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143278. [PMID: 33183797 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water quality is an increasing concern in the dry regions of the world as it affects and reduces the quantity of available water. Our objective was to investigate the sources, drivers, spatiotemporal patterns of nitrate‑nitrogen (NO3-N) transport in the streamwater and groundwater in a dry and a wet season in seven large rivers located in the Loess Plateau of China (640,000 km2, 100 million population), which is a region with marked influence of human activities on streamflow and groundwater. We collected 510 streamwater and groundwater samples and found that NO3-N was significantly lower in the dry season (< 5.0 mg L-1) than the wet season (> 5.0 mg L-1). In the wet season, NO3-N was lower in the streamwater than groundwater; however, the spatial variation in the NO3-N was greater in streamwater, with higher concentrations in two rivers (Wei and Fen). The source characterization using stable isotopes of NO3 from the Wei River showed that chemical N fertilizers and soil organic N contributed ~ 75% of NO3 to streamwater and that soil organic N was the greatest contributor of NO3 to groundwater (~ 60%) than streamwater (< 40%). The spatial pattern of NO3-N was dominated by fertilizer application and varied seasonally with rainfall-runoff and streamflow-groundwater connectivity. Our results showed the complicated patterns and sources of NO3 pollution in streamwater and groundwater and highlight that more emphasis should be placed to prevent and restore the degraded water quality in the dry regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangjia Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Gurpal S Toor
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Mgelwa AS, Hu YL, Ngaba MJY. Patterns of nitrogen concentrations and their controls in two southern China urban river ecosystems. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Hydrochemical Characteristics and Water Quality Evaluation of Rivers in Different Regions of Cities: A Case Study of Suzhou City in Northern Anhui Province, China. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12040950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To study the disparity of river hydrochemical characteristics and water quality in different regions of the city, this paper took the Tuo River in the center of Suzhou, Northern Anhui, China and the Bian River on the edge of the urban area as the research objects, used Piper trigram, Gibbs diagram, and hydrogen and oxygen isotope content characteristics to analyze the geochemical characteristics of surface water in the study area, and then the improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the water quality. The results showed that the hydrochemical types of the two rivers were SO4-Cl-Na type, and the contents of Na+, K+, SO42−, Cl−, Ca2+, total phosphorus (TP) in the Bian River at the edge of the city were much higher than those in the Tuo River at the center of the city (ANOVA, p < 0.001). Gibbs diagram showed that the ion composition of the two rivers was mainly affected by rock weathering. The results of correlation analysis and water quality evaluation showed that Bian River was greatly affected by agricultural non-point source pollution, and its water quality was poor, class IV and class V water account for 95%, while, for Tuo River, due to the strong artificial protection, class II and class III accounted for 40.74% and 59.26%, respectively, and the overall water quality was better than that of Bian River. The evaluation results of irrigation water quality showed that the samples from Tuo River were high in salt and low in alkali, which could be used for irrigation when the soil leaching conditions were good, while Bian River water samples were high in salt and medium in alkali, which was suitable for irrigation of plants with strong salt tolerance.
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Tran DA, Tsujimura M, Vo LP, Nguyen VT, Kambuku D, Dang TD. Hydrogeochemical characteristics of a multi-layered coastal aquifer system in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:661-680. [PMID: 31432348 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is a primary freshwater source for various domestic, industrial and agricultural purposes, especially in coastal regions where there are lacking surface water supply. However, groundwater quality in coastal regions is often threatened by seawater intrusion and contamination due to both anthropogenic activities and natural processes. Therefore, insights into groundwater geochemistry and occurrences are necessary for sustainable groundwater management in coastal regions. The main aim of this study is to investigate the hydrogeochemical characteristics and their influencing factors in a coastal area of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam (MD). A total of 286 groundwater samples were taken from shallow and deep aquifers for analyzing major ions and stable isotopes. The results show that deep groundwater is dominated by Ca-HCO[Formula: see text], Ca-Na-HCO[Formula: see text], Ca-Mg-Cl, and Na-HCO[Formula: see text] while shallow groundwater is dominated by the Na-Cl water type. In this region, the main geochemical processes controlling groundwater chemistry are ion exchanges, mineralization and evaporation. Groundwater salinization in coastal aquifers of the Mekong Delta is caused by (1) paleo-seawater intrusion and evaporation occurring in the Holocene and Pleistocene aquifers, (2) dissolution of salt sediment/rock and leakage of saline from upper to lower aquifers due to excessive groundwater exploitation and hydraulic connection. High nitrate concentrations in both shallow and deep aquifers are related to human activities. These results imply that groundwater extraction may exacerbate groundwater quality-related problems and suitable solutions for sustainable groundwater management in the coastal area of the Mekong Delta are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang An Tran
- Thuy Loi University, 175 Tay Son, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Maki Tsujimura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Le Phu Vo
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology - VNU, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Van Tam Nguyen
- Thuy Loi University, 175 Tay Son, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Hydrogeology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dwight Kambuku
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Thanh Duc Dang
- Institute for Water and Environment Research, Thuy Loi University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
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Stable Isotopes of Water and Nitrate for the Identification of Groundwater Flowpaths: A Review. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitrate contamination in stream water and groundwater is a serious environmental problem that arises in areas of high agricultural activities or high population density. It is therefore important to identify the source and flowpath of nitrate in water bodies. In recent decades, the dual isotope analysis (δ15N and δ18O) of nitrate has been widely applied to track contamination sources by taking advantage of the difference in nitrogen and oxygen isotope ratios for different sources. However, transformation processes of nitrogen compounds can change the isotopic composition of nitrate due to the various redox processes in the environment, which often makes it difficult to identify contaminant sources. To compensate for this, the stable water isotope of the H2O itself can be used to interpret the complex hydrological and hydrochemical processes for the movement of nitrate contaminants. Therefore, the present study aims at understanding the fundamental background of stable water and nitrate isotope analysis, including isotope fractionation, analytical methods such as nitrate concentration from samples, instrumentation, and the typical ranges of δ15N and δ18O from various nitrate sources. In addition, we discuss hydrograph separation using the oxygen and hydrogen isotopes of water in combination with the nitrogen and oxygen isotopes of nitrate to understand the relative contributions of precipitation and groundwater to stream water. This study will assist in understanding the groundwater flowpaths as well as tracking the sources of nitrate contamination using the stable isotope analysis in combination with nitrate and water.
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Hydrochemical Characteristics, Controlling Factors, and Solute Sources of Streamflow and Groundwater in the Hei River Catchment, China. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11112293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Water scarcity in arid regions is exacerbated by water quality degradation from anthropogenic contamination. In water-scarce regions, it is crucial to identify hydrochemical characteristics and pollution sources for effective water resource management. In this study, the Hei River—located in the Loess Plateau of China, which is an arid region with substantial anthropogenic-induced environmental changes—was selected as the study area to investigate these issues. The major ions of 242 streamflow and groundwater samples were measured during the 2014 and 2015 dry and flood seasons. Using a Piper diagram, a fuzzy membership function, a Gibbs diagram, and a forward model, the hydrochemical facies and water quality of streamflow and groundwater were investigated, and the main river solute sources and relative contributions were determined using quantitative and qualitative methods. The total dissolved solids were 279.6 ± 127.8 mg·L−1 for streamflow and 354.0 ± 157.4 mg·L−1 for groundwater, indicating low salinity water. However, the hydrochemical characteristics varied with season and location. Qualitatively, the atmospheric inputs, human activities, and rock weathering all contributed solutes to the waters but with varying contributions. The following are the mean contributions of analyzed solute source: silicate weathering (45.1 ± 1.1%) > carbonate weathering (34.1 ± 1.6%) > evaporite dissolution (13.7 ± 2.4%) > atmospheric input (5.4 ± 0.1%) > anthropogenic input (1.7 ± 0.1%). In general, water quality was satisfactory, as the majority of samples conformed to drinking water standards. The samples had good water quality because the river solutes were not heavily affected by anthropogenic activities and were primarily controlled by rock weathering. However, localized areas of high anthropogenic impact were identified. Such locations should be prioritized for pollution control and water resource management.
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Samanta P, Shin S, Jang S, Song YC, Oh S, Kim JK. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic characterization and tracing nutrient sources of Ulva blooms around Jeju coastal areas. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113033. [PMID: 31421580 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation was aimed to characterize the Ulva blooms and to identify the probable sources for Ulva blooms along the Jeju Island coast for pertinent control measures. Algal isotope signatures (δ13C, δ15N and δ18O) and tissue nitrogen and carbon were analyzed to map nutrient sources around the Jeju coastal areas. The algal δ13C values were ranged from -20.52 to -4.39‰, while δ15N and δ18O values ranged from 4.26 to 8.29‰ and 12.80-17.34‰, respectively. Moreover, site-specific significant differences were observed in algal stable isotope (δ13C, δ15N and δ18O) values. The bi-plot (δ15N vs δ18O) diagram indicated four dominant nitrogen sources along the Jeju coast, with 1) soil organic nitrogen mixed with livestock wastes (spring water samples and E), the 2) synthetic fertilizer input (A3 and B2), 3) sewage discharge (D1, D2 and I3) and 4) aquaculture waste (fish farm samples, A4, A5, B1, G and I2). Present findings revealed the different potential nitrogen sources for localized increase of algal growth along the Jeju coast. Finally, the present findings could be used as baseline data for efficient nutrient management to remediate Ulva blooms along Jeju coastal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palas Samanta
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea; Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Sookkyung Shin
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea; Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Sojin Jang
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea; Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Young-Cheol Song
- Research Institute of Health and Environment, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 41 Samdong-gil, Jeju, Jejul Special Self-Governing Province, 63152, South Korea
| | - Sangsil Oh
- Research Institute of Health and Environment, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 41 Samdong-gil, Jeju, Jejul Special Self-Governing Province, 63152, South Korea
| | - Jang K Kim
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea; Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, South Korea.
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Yuan J, Zhao B, Zhang Q. Transformation and source identification of N in the upper reaches of the Han River basin, China: evaluated by a stable isotope approach. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:475. [PMID: 31256284 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Given the spatial and temporal variability in hydrological conditions and nitrogen (N) processes, it is of great uncertainty to identify the N sources and evaluate N transformation processes in the upper Han River. Investigations were conducted in November 2015 and January, April, and July 2016, using an isotopic method and water quality monitoring. The significant and positive correlation between NO3- concentrations and Cl- (p < 0.01) in most sampling months suggested that the great influence of human activities and sewage or manure was the dominant NO3- source. The δ15NO3- values and NO3-/Cl- variations indicated that riverine N mainly came from soil organic N and sewage in November. Fertilizer and sewage were the major N sources in January and April, respectively. In July, water was influenced by various N inputs. The nitrification process played an important role in the low δ15NO3- values in January, while both nitrification and plant uptake resulted in the increase in δ15NH4+ values in April. The simultaneous effect of N fixation and plant uptake maintained the stabilization of δ15NH4+ concentrations. Our study provides theoretical basis on N sources and transformations for controlling N pollution and improving water quality in the upper Han River in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yuan
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Binjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 1004, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanfa Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
The structure, status, and processes of the groundwater system, which can only be acquired through scientific research efforts, are critical aspects of water resource management. Isotope hydrology and hydrogeology is a genuinely interdisciplinary science. It developed from the application of methods evolved in physics (analytical techniques) to problems of Earth and the environmental sciences since around the 1950s. In this regard, starting from hydrogeochemical data, stable and radioactive isotope data provide essential tools in support of water resource management. The inventory of stable isotopes, which has significant implications for water resources management, has grown in recent years. Methodologies based on the use of isotopes in a full spectrum of hydrological problems encountered in water resource assessment, development, and management activities are already scientifically established and are an integral part of many water resource investigations and environmental studies. The driving force behind this Special Issue was the need to point the hydrological and water resource management societies in the direction of up-to-date research and best practices.
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