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Hamid Y, Chen Y, Lin Q, Haris M, Usman M, Saqib Rashid M, Anastopoulos I, Hussain B, Ali HM, Hannan F, Yin X, Yang X. Functionality of wheat straw-derived biochar enhanced its efficiency for actively capping Cd and Pb in contaminated water and soil matrices: Insights through batch adsorption and flow-through experiments. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142770. [PMID: 38969230 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The impact of functionality of biochar on pressing environmental issue of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) co-contamination in simultaneous soil and water systems has not sufficiently reported. This study investigated the impact of Fe- and Mg-functionalized wheat straw biochar (Fe-WSBC and Mg-WSBC) on Cd and Pb adsorption/immobilization through batch sorption and column leaching trials. Importantly, Fe-WSBC was more effective in adsorbing Cd and Pb (82.84 and 111.24 mg g-1), regeneration ability (removal efficiency 94.32 and 92.365), and competitive ability under competing cations (83.15 and 84.36%) compared to other materials (WSBC and Mg-WSBC). The practical feasibility of Fe-WSBC for spiked river water verified the 92.57% removal of Cd and 85.73% for Pb in 50 mg L-1 and 100 mg L-1 contamination, respectively. Besides, the leaching of Cd and Pb with Fe-WSBC under flow-through conditions was lowered to (0.326 and 17.62 mg L-1), respectively as compared to control (CK) (0.836 and 40.40 mg L-1). In short, this study presents the applicable approach for simultaneous remediation of contaminated water and soil matrices, offering insights into environmentally friendly green remediation strategies for heavy metals co-contaminated matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Hamid
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab of Environ. Remediation and Ecol. Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yonglong Chen
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab of Environ. Remediation and Ecol. Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab of Environ. Remediation and Ecol. Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Haris
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Université de Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Muhammad Saqib Rashid
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ioannis Anastopoulos
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, UoI Kostakii Campus, 47100, Arta, Greece
| | - Bilal Hussain
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab of Environ. Remediation and Ecol. Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fakhir Hannan
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xianyuan Yin
- Beautiful Village Construction Center of Quzhou Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Quzhou, 324002, China.
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab of Environ. Remediation and Ecol. Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Tunali Akar S, Agin D, Sayin F, Akar T. Strength and functionalized borage biochar for effective elimination of nickel contamination: Insight into batch and dynamic flow mode treatment applications. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 258:119430. [PMID: 38885826 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
A silica gel-modified borage biochar (BB@Si) was first produced and used as a binding agent for potentially hazardous Ni2+ ions in aqueous systems. The recommended biochar was more effective in eliminating Ni2+ than pristine biochar (BB). Its maximum qm could reach up to 1.39 × 10-3 mol/g at 30 °C, and sorption isotherms showed that the Langmuir model could more accurately define its sorption behavior. The Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm also revealed that the average sorption energy ranged from 11.00 to 11.14 kJ/mol. Zeta potential tests, SEM images, and FT-IR scans confirmed the interactions between BB@Si and Ni2+ ions. Dynamic flow treatment studies showed high uptake effectiveness when the flow rate and amount of BB@Si were suitable. Nickel desorption yield of around 80% from BB@Si was noted with 0.01 M HCl. The BB@Si column's breakthrough and exhausted points were identified to be 45 and 352 min, respectively. Its maximum exhaustion capacity value was determined to be 52.73 mg/g. Ni2+ removal from the actual wastewater sample exceeded 75%. The resulting outcomes imply the immense potential of employing BB@Si in the treatment of Ni2+- contaminated aqueous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Tunali Akar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, 26040, Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Duygun Agin
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, 26040, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Fatih Sayin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, 26040, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Tamer Akar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, 26040, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Rahman N, Raheem A. Adsorption of Cd(II) ions on magnetic graphene oxide/cellulose modified with β-cyclodextrin: Analytical interpretation via statistical physics modeling and fractal like kinetic approach. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 243:117868. [PMID: 38072113 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, β-cyclodextrin modified magnetic graphene oxide/cellulose (CN/IGO/Cel) was fabricated for removal of Cd(II) ions. The material was characterized through various analytical techniques like FTIR, XRD, TGA/DTA, SEM, TEM, and XPS. The point of zero charge of the material was obtained as 5.38. The controllable factors were optimized by Taguchi design and optimum values were: adsorbent dose-16 mg, equilibrium time-40 min, and initial concentration of Cd(II) ions-40 mg/L. The material shows high adsorption capacity (303.98 mg/g). The good fitting of Langmuir model to adsorption data (R2 = 0.9918-0.9936) revealed the monolayer coverage on adsorbent surface. Statistical physics model M 2 showed best fitting to adsorption data (R2 > 0.997), suggesting the binding of Cd(II) ions occurred on two different receptor sites (n). Stereographically n > 1 confirming vertical multi-molecular mechanisms of Cd(II) ions adsorption on CN/IGO/Cel surface. The adsorption energies (E1 = 23.71-28.95 kJ/mol; E2 = 22.69-29.38 kJ/mol) concluded the involvement of physical forces for Cd(II) ions adsorption. Kinetic data fitted well to fractal-like pseudo first-order model (R2 > 0.9952), concluding the adsorption of Cd(II) ions occurred on energetically heterogeneous surface. The kinetic analysis shows that both the film-diffusion and pore-diffusion were responsible for Cd(II) ions uptake. XPS analysis was utilized to explain the adsorption mechanism of Cd(II) ions onto CN/IGO/Cel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafisur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
| | - Abdur Raheem
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
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Viotti P, Marzeddu S, Antonucci A, Décima MA, Lovascio P, Tatti F, Boni MR. Biochar as Alternative Material for Heavy Metal Adsorption from Groundwaters: Lab-Scale (Column) Experiment Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:809. [PMID: 38399060 PMCID: PMC10890072 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this manuscript is to present a review of laboratory experiments (including methodology and results) that use biochar, a specific carbon obtained by a pyrolysis process from different feedstocks, as an alternative material for heavy metal adsorption from groundwater. In recent years, many studies have been conducted regarding the application of innovative materials to water decontamination to develop a more sustainable approach to remediation processes. The use of biochar for groundwater remediation has particularly attracted the interest of researchers because it permits the reuse of materials that would be otherwise disposed of, in accordance with circular economy, and reduces the generation of greenhouse gases if compared to the use of virgin materials. A review of the different approaches and results reported in the current literature could be useful because when applying remediation technologies at the field scale, a preliminary phase in which the suitability of the adsorbent is evaluated at the lab scale is often necessary. This paper is therefore organised with a short description of the involved metals and of the biochar production and composition. A comprehensive analysis of the current knowledge related to the use of biochar in groundwater remediation at the laboratory scale to obtain the characteristic parameters of the process that are necessary for the upscaling of the technology at the field scale is also presented. An overview of the results achieved using different experimental conditions, such as the chemical properties and dosage of biochar as well as heavy metal concentrations with their different values of pH, is reported. At the end, numerical studies useful for the interpretation of the experiment results are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Viotti
- Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Marzeddu
- Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Antonucci
- Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - María Alejandra Décima
- Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Lovascio
- Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Tatti
- National Centre of Waste and Circular Economy, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Boni
- Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
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Thomas G, Sheridan C, Holm PE. Co-cropping vetiver grass and legume for the phytoremediation of an acid mine drainage (AMD) impacted soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122873. [PMID: 37949161 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a form of environmental pollution from mining activity that can negatively affect soil environments by acidification, salinisation, and metal(loid) contamination. The use of plants to remediate (phytoremediation) these impacted environments while generating plant-based value is a promising approach to more accessible and cost-benefiting restoration of post-mining, marginal lands. In this study, a 3-month growth-chamber pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of co-cropping two plant species, Chrysopogon zizanioides (vetiver grass) and the legume Medicago truncatula (barrel clover) with a wheat straw biochar amendment on the phytostabilisation of metal(loid)s Cr, Zn, and As and the phytoextraction of rare earth element (REE) in an AMD impacted soil from a gold mining region in South Africa. The results showed that co-cropping with vetiver significantly lowered the legume's Cr, Zn, and As root contents by 80%, 32% and 54%, respectively, and improved the plant's overall metal(loid) tolerance by increasing its translocation from root to shoot tissue. The biochar further inhibited root uptake of Cr and Zn, by 71% and 36%, and increased the legume biomass by 40%. Both plant species and cropping treatments exhibited low REE extraction capabilities by shoot tissue, which accounted for less than 0.2% of total soil REE contents. The study shows that co-cropping with vetiver and biochar amendment are effective tools for the phytoremediation of AMD impacted soil mainly by lowering plant uptake and improving plant metal(loid) tolerance. Likely mechanisms at play include the alteration of rhizosphere chemistry and species-specific physiological and molecular responses. These effects offer support for the phytostabilisation of AMD impacted soil with the generation of plant-based value through dual (and safe) cultivation (phytoprotection) rather than through REE recovery from plant biomass (phytoextraction). These techniques could allow for the simultaneous restoration of post-mining, mining-impacted and marginal lands with agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenna Thomas
- Section for Environmental Chemistry and Physics, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Denmark.
| | - Craig Sheridan
- Centre in Water Research and Development, School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa
| | - Peter E Holm
- Section for Environmental Chemistry and Physics, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Denmark
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Kumara KKPS, Dayanthi WKCN. Waste materials composited into an adsorbent for landfill leachate treatment. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2023; 21:1871-1897. [PMID: 38153718 PMCID: wh_2023_310 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The ability of a composite adsorbent composed primarily of various waste materials to adsorb heavy metals, NH3-N, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from landfill leachate was investigated through batch sorption experiments. The study determined the optimal contact time and adsorbent dosage for the removal of Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe, NH3-N, and COD to be 15, 90, 30, 180, 30, and 30 min, respectively. The corresponding optimum adsorbent dosages were determined to be 5, 30, 5, 15, 5, and 30 g, respectively. The composite adsorbent exhibited high removal efficiencies, achieving the following maximum values: 96.4% for Pb, 92.7% for Zn, 60.3% for Cu, 87.1% for Fe, 75.0% for NH3-N, and 67.5% for COD. Pb and Fe showed the best fit with a Langmuir isotherm model, with corresponding adsorption capacities of 0.0165 and 1.14 mg/g, respectively. For Zn, Cu, NH3-N, and COD, the equilibrium data demonstrated the best fit with an Elovich isotherm model, with adsorption capacities of 0.004, 0.005, 0.016, and 4.29 mg/g, respectively. The kinetic data followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. It presented a potential solution for the disposal of the waste from which it was derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K P S Kumara
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ruhuna, Hapugala, Galle, Sri Lanka E-mail: ;
| | - W K C Neetha Dayanthi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ruhuna, Hapugala, Galle, Sri Lanka
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Murtaza B, Ali A, Imran M, Al-Kahtani AA, ALOthman ZA, Natasha N, Shahid M, Shah NS, Naeem MA, Ahmad S, Murtaza G. Comparison of As removal efficiency and health risks from aqueous solution using as-synthesized Fe 0 and Cu 0: modelling, kinetics and reusability. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:8989-9002. [PMID: 37154973 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01589-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Batch scale removal of arsenic (As) from aqueous media was explored using nano-zero valent iron (Fe0) and copper (Cu0) particles. The synthesized particles were characterized using a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyzer, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The BET result showed that the surface area (31.5 m2/g) and pore volume (0.0415 cm3/g) of synthesized Fe0 were higher than the surface area (17.56 m2/g) and pore volume (0.0287 cm3/g) of Cu0. The SEM results showed that the morphology of the Fe0 and Cu0 was flowery microspheres and highly agglomerated with thin flakes. The FTIR spectra for Fe0 showed broad and intense peaks as compared to Cu0. The effects of the adsorbent dose (1-4 g/L), initial concentration of As (2 mg/L to 10 mg/L) and solution pH (2-12) were evaluated on the removal of As. Results revealed that effective removal of As was obtained at pH 4 with Fe0 (94.95%) and Cu0 (74.86%). When the dosage increased from 1 to 4 g L-1, the As removal increased from 70.59 to 93.02% with Fe0 and from 67 to 70.59% with Cu0. However, increasing the initial As concentration decreased the As removal significantly. Health risk indices, including estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard quotient (HQ), and cancer risk (CR) were employed and a significant decline (up to 99%) in risk indices was observed in As-treated water using Fe0/Cu0. Among the adsorption isotherm models, the values of R2 showed that isothermal As adsorption by Fe0 and Cu0 was well explained by the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model (R2 > 0.98) while the kinetic experimental data was well-fitted with the Pseudo second order model. The Fe0 showed excellent stability and reusability over five sorption cycles, and it was concluded that, compared to the Cu0, the Fe0 could be a promising technology for remediating As-contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Asad Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah A Al-Kahtani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeid A ALOthman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Natasha Natasha
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Noor S Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Naeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
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Amusat SO, Kebede TG, Nxumalo EN, Dube S, Nindi MM. Facile solvent-free modified biochar for removal of mixed steroid hormones and heavy metals: isotherm and kinetic studies. BMC Chem 2023; 17:158. [PMID: 37986085 PMCID: PMC10662544 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Water contamination has become a global challenge to human survival. Non-biodegradable heavy metal cations and steroid hormones could accumulate in the human body and could result in serious health problems. In this study, we prepared biochar from waste shells of African star apples and modified biochar using a solvent-free ball milling facile method. The X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed biochar functional groups in C=C, C-O, and C=O. Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) was used to determine the surface area, the surface area of ball-milled biochar obtained at 550 °C (BASA550) increased from 174 m2/g to 304 m2/g after modification. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms best described the experimental adsorption data with RL < 1 and 1/n < 1 and a high degree of agreement of R2 data; Langmuir (R2 = 0.9291-0.9992) and Freundlich (R2 = 0.9077-0.9974). The adsorption kinetic studies using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models revealed that the pseudo-second-order model accurately described the adsorption process). The application of the BASA550 for treating wastewater samples showed a good percentage of removal. The removal percentage for cadmium, nickel, and lead was recorded as 92.96%, 90.89%, and 90.29%, respectively. The percentage removal in the influent and effluent were found to be 85.06%, 83.87%, 84.73%, and 89.37%, 86.48%, and 87.40%, respectively. The maximum percentage removal of steroid hormones from ultrapure water ranged from 84.20 to 89.63%, while from the spiked effluent and influent the percentage removal of 78.91-87.81% and 73.58-84.51% were obtained. The reusability of the ball-milled biochar was investigated and the result showed that the adsorbent (BASA550) had a good reusability potential for the first four cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sefiu Olaitan Amusat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, University of South Africa, The Science Campus, Florida Park, Corner Christian de Wet & Pioneer Avenue, Florida, 1709, South Africa
| | - Temesgen Girma Kebede
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, University of South Africa, The Science Campus, Florida Park, Corner Christian de Wet & Pioneer Avenue, Florida, 1709, South Africa
| | - Edward Ndumiso Nxumalo
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, The Science Campus, University of South Africa, Corner Christian de Wet & Pioneer Avenue, Florida, 1709, South Africa
| | - Simiso Dube
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, University of South Africa, The Science Campus, Florida Park, Corner Christian de Wet & Pioneer Avenue, Florida, 1709, South Africa
| | - Mathew Muzi Nindi
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, The Science Campus, University of South Africa, Corner Christian de Wet & Pioneer Avenue, Florida, 1709, South Africa.
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Tariq MS, Imran M, Ud Din S, Murtaza B, Naeem MA, Amjad M, Shah NS, Khalid MS, Abdel-Maksoud MA, Alfuraydi AA, AbdElgawad H. Magnetic nanocomposite of maize offal biomass for effective sequestration of Congo red and methyl orange dyes from contaminated water: modeling, kinetics and reusability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 26:975-992. [PMID: 37968930 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2280047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The current study aims to use a facile and novel method to remove Congo red (CR) and Methyl Orange (MO) dyes from contaminated water with Maize offal biomass (MOB) and its nanocomposite with magnetic nanoparticles (MOB/MNPs). The MOB and MOB/MNPs were characterized with Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BET, XRD and point of zero charge (pHPZC). The influence of initial CR and MO levels (20-320 mg/L), adsorbent dosage (1-3 g/L), pH (3-9), co-exiting ions, temperature (25-45 °C) and time (15-180 min) was estimated. The findings demonstrated that MOB/MNPs exhibited excellent adsorption of 114.75 and 29.0 mg/g for CR and MO dyes, respectively while MOB exhibited 81.35 and 23.02 mg/g adsorption for CR and MO dyes, respectively at optimum pH-5, and dose 2 g/L. Initially, there was rapid dye removal which slowed down until equilibrium was reached. The interfering/competing ions in contaminated water and elevated temperature favored the dyes sequestration. The MOB/MNPs exhibited tremendous reusability and stability. The dyes adsorption was spontaneous, and exothermic with enhanced randomness. The adsorption effects were well explained with Freundlich model, pseudo second order and Elovich models. It is concluded that MOB/MNPs showed excellent, eco-friendly, and cost-effective potential to decontaminate the water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salman Tariq
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Salah Ud Din
- Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Naeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Noor Samad Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | | | - Mostafa A Abdel-Maksoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Akram A Alfuraydi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Chwastowski J, Guzik M, Bednarz S, Staroń P. Upcycling Waste Streams from a Biorefinery Process-A Case Study on Cadmium and Lead Biosorption by Two Types of Biopolymer Post-Extraction Biomass. Molecules 2023; 28:6345. [PMID: 37687174 PMCID: PMC10488894 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the possibility of using the spent kind of biomass of Pseudomonas putida CA-3 and Zobelella denitrificans MW1 obtained after the pilot-scale production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as a biosorbent for the bioremediation of aqueous solutions containing toxic cadmium and lead ions. The material was characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and amino acid profiling. To check the sorption capacity of spent biomass against Pb and Cd ions, equilibrium studies were performed. To learn about the nature of the sorption process, kinetic modelling was carried out and the obtained results showed that the adsorption process is best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (PSO), which suggests that the sorption process is connected with the chemical bonding of the ions on the sorbent surface. Information provided by the amino acid profile made it possible to predict the adsorption mechanism and FTIR analysis proved the participation of different chemical groups in the removal process. According to the equilibrium studies, the best-fitted isotherm was the Freundlich model for all used materials and metal ions considering the correlation coefficient. Summarizing the results, the spent biomass after the PHA production is an effective biosorbent and can be reused for heavy metal bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Chwastowski
- Department of Engineering and Chemical Technology, Kraków University of Technology, 24 Warszawska St., 31-155 Kraków, Poland; (S.B.); (P.S.)
| | - Maciej Guzik
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Szczepan Bednarz
- Department of Engineering and Chemical Technology, Kraków University of Technology, 24 Warszawska St., 31-155 Kraków, Poland; (S.B.); (P.S.)
| | - Paweł Staroń
- Department of Engineering and Chemical Technology, Kraków University of Technology, 24 Warszawska St., 31-155 Kraków, Poland; (S.B.); (P.S.)
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Majeed A, Amjad M, Imran M, Murtaza B, Naeem MA, Jawad H, Qaisrani SA, Akhtar SS. Iron enriched quinoa biochar enhances Nickel phytoremediation potential of Helianthus annuus L. by its immobilization and attenuation of oxidative stress: implications for human health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 25:1830-1843. [PMID: 37088874 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2200834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study was performed to assess Ni-immobilization and the phytoremediation potential of sunflower by the application of quinoa stalks biochar (QSB) and its magnetic nanocomposite (MQSB). The QSB and MQSB were characterized with FTIR, SEM, EDX, and XRD to get an insight of their surface properties. Three-week-old seedlings of sunflower were transplanted to soil spiked with Ni (0, 15, 30, 60, 90 mg kg-1), QSB and MQSB (0, 1, and 2%) in the wire house under natural conditions. The results showed that increasing Ni levels inhibited sunflower growth and yield due to the high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation. Enzyme activities like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POX) also increased as Ni levels increased. However, the application of QSB and MQSB reduced Ni uptake, root-shoot, and shoot-seed translocation and decreased the generation of ROS, and lowered the activity of SOD, CAT, APX, and POX, leading to improved growth and yield, especially with MQSB. This was verified through SEM, EDX, XRD, and FTIR. It can be concluded that QSB and MQSB can effectively enhance Ni-tolerance in sunflowers and mitigate oxidative stress and human health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Majeed
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Naeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Husnain Jawad
- Plant Physiology Section, Agronomic Research Institute, AARI, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmad Qaisrani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Saleem Akhtar
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abolfazli Behrooz B, Oustan S, Mirseyed Hosseini H, Etesami H, Padoan E, Magnacca G, Marsan FA. The importance of presoaking to improve the efficiency of MgCl 2-modified and non-modified biochar in the adsorption of cadmium. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 257:114932. [PMID: 37080130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the effect of presoaking, as one of the most important physical factors affecting the adsorption behavior of biochar, on the adsorption of heavy metals by modified or non-modified biochar and presoaking mechanism is still an open issue. In this study, the water presoaking effect on the kinetics of cadmium (Cd) adsorption by rice husk biochar (produced at 450 °C, B1, and at 600 °C, B2) and the rice husk biochar modified with magnesium chloride (B1 modified with MgCl2, MB1, and B2 modified with MgCl2, MB2) was investigated. Furthermore, the effect of pH (2, 5, and 6), temperature (15, 25, and 35 °C), and biochar particle size (100 and 500 µm) on the kinetics of Cd adsorption was also investigated. Results revealed that the content of Cd adsorbed by the presoaked biochar was significantly higher than that by the non-presoaked biochar. The highest Cd adsorption capacity of MB2 and MB1 was 98.4 and 97.6 mg g-1, respectively, which was much better than that of B1 (7.6 mg g-1) and B2 (7.5 mg g-1). The modeling of kinetics results showed that in all cases pseudo-second-order model was well-fitted (R2>0.99) with Cd adsorption data. The results also indicated that the highest Cd adsorption values were observed at pH 6 in presoaked MB1 with size of 100 µm as well as at the temperature of 35 °C in presoaked MB2, indicating the optimum conditions for this process. The presoaking process was not affected by biochar size and pH, and the difference in adsorbed Cd content between presoaked biochars and non-presoaked ones was also similar. However, the temperature had a negative effect on presoaking. The presoaking process decreased micropores (<10 µm) in the biochars but had no effect on biochar hydrophobicity. Therefore, presoaking, which could significantly increase Cd adsorption and reduce equilibrium time by reducing the micropores of biochars, is suggested as an effective strategy for improving the efficiency of modified biochars or non-modified ones in the adsorption of contaminants (Cd) from aquatic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Abolfazli Behrooz
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Oustan
- Soil Science Department, Agricultural Faculty, University of Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirseyed Hosseini
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Etesami
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elio Padoan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Giuliana Magnacca
- Dipartimento di chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Franco Ajmone Marsan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
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Alswat AA, Ashmali AM, Alqasmi TM, Alhassani HR, Alshorifi FT. Role of nanohybrid NiO–Fe3O4 in enhancing the adsorptive performance of activated carbon synthesized from Yemeni-Khat leave in removal of Pb (II) and Hg (II) from aquatic systems. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14301. [PMID: 36967866 PMCID: PMC10034445 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over years, existence of toxic chemical heavy metal in aquatic systems has motivated more research studies toward the preparation of effective stable solid adsorbents for the removal of toxic chemical pollutants. Therefore, in the current research study, activated carbon adsorbent (AC) was synthesized from Yemeni khat (catha edulis) leaves which are considered as waste accumulated on waste disposal areas in Yemen. KOH (2.0 N) was used as a chemical activator to produce the AC material which was subsequently heated at 400 °C. A simple co-precipitation method was used to chemically modify AC with varying weight ratios of NiO-Fe3O4 NPs (5, 15, and 25 wt %). The modified AC was used to remove toxic Pb(II) and Hg(II) ions from aquatic systems. Numerous techniques, which included x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, were used to confirm the morphology of AC and 5, 15, and 25 wt% NiO-Fe3O4/AC samples. The study findings demonstrated that, NiO-Fe3O4 nanoparticles improved the adsorption efficiency for toxic Pb(II) and Hg (II) ions. The AC adsorbent attained maximum removal efficiencies of 88.95% and 87.56% for Pb (II) and Hg (II) ions, respectively. In contrast, 15-NF/AC NC sample successfully attained the highest removal efficiencies of 100% for pb(II) and 99.71% for Hg(II). According to the experimental findings, the prepared NF/AC adsorbents were effective and they can be used as inexpensive and stable solid nanoadsorbents in water treatment.
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Ahmad S, Imran M, Amin M, Al-Kahtani AA, Arshad M, Nawaz R, Shah NS, Schotting RJ. Potential of magnetic quinoa biosorbent composite and HNO 3 treated biosorbent for effective sequestration of chromium (VI) from contaminated water. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 25:929-939. [PMID: 36121769 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2122926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to prepare novel quinoa biosorbent (QB), acid activated QB (QB/Acid) and its nanocomposite with magnetic nanoparticles (QB/MNPs) for batch scale Cr removal from contaminated water. The Cr adsorption was systematically studied at different pH (2-9), adsorbent dosage (1-3 g/L), initial concentration (25-200 mg/L), contact time (180 min) and competing ions in water. Maximum Cr adsorption was observed onto QB/MNPs (57.4 mg/L), followed by QB/Acid (46.35 mg/g) and QB (39.9 mg/g). The Cr removal by QB/MNPs was higher than QB/Acid and QB. Results revealed that the highest Cr removal was obtained at optimum pH 4, 25 mg/L, and 2 g/L dosage. The FTIR spectra displayed various functional groups on adsorbents surface serving as a potential scaffold to remove Cr from contaminated water. The equilibrium and kinetic Cr adsorption data best fitted with Freundlich and pseudo-second order models, respectively (R2 ≥ 0.96). The QB/MNPs showed excellent reusability in five adsorption/desorption cycles (4.7% decline) with minor leaching of Fe (below threshold level). The coexisting ions in groundwater showed an inhibitory effect on Cr sequestration (5%) from water. The comparison of Cr adsorption by QB/MNPs and QB/Acid showed better potential for Cr sequestration than various previously explored adsorbents in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Amin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah A Al-Kahtani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Agriculture and Food Technology, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - Rab Nawaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Noor Samad Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Ruud J Schotting
- Environmental Hydrogeology Research Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Jin X, Rahman MKU, Ma C, Zheng X, Wu F, Zhou X. Silicon modification improves biochar's ability to mitigate cadmium toxicity in tomato by enhancing root colonization of plant-beneficial bacteria. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114407. [PMID: 36508786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Modification of biochar, such as impregnation with minerals, can improve biochar's efficacy to mitigate heavy metal toxicity in plants. Biochar amendments can alter plant rhizosphere microbiome, which has profound effects on plant growth and fitness. Here, we tested whether rhizosphere microbiome is involved in the ability of silicon (Si)-modified biochar to mitigate cadmium toxicity in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). We demonstrated that Si modification altered biochar's physico-chemical properties and enhanced its ability to mitigate cadmium toxicity in tomato. Particularly, the Si-modified biochar contained higher content of Si and increased plant-available Si content in the soil. The rhizosphere microbiome transplant experiment showed that changes in rhizosphere microbiome contributed to the mitigation of cadmium toxicity by biochar amendments. The raw biochar and Si-modified biochar differently altered tomato rhizosphere bacterial community composition. Both biochars, especially the Si-modified biochar, promoted specific bacterial taxa (e.g., Sphingomonas, Lysobacter and Pseudomonas spp.). Subsequent culturing found these promoted bacteria could mitigate cadmium toxicity in tomato. Moreover, both biochars stimulated tomato to recruit plant-beneficial bacteria with Si-modified biochar having stronger stimulatory effects, indicating that the positive effects of biochar on plant-beneficial bacteria was partially mediated via the host plant. Overall, Si modification enhanced biochar's ability to mitigate cadmium toxicity, which was linked to the stimulatory effects on plant-beneficial bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Muhammad Khashi U Rahman
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Changli Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xianqing Zheng
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Fengzhi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xingang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Wang H, Wen Y, Ding Y, Yue Z, Xu D, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Xu R, Zeng W. Rapid and Effective Lead Elimination Using Cow Manure Derived Biochar: Balance between Inherent Phosphorus Release and Pollutants Immobilization. TOXICS 2022; 11:1. [PMID: 36668727 PMCID: PMC9861172 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cow manure derived biochar (CMBC) can serve as a promising functional material, and CMBC can be regarded as an ecofriendly approach compared to conventional ones. CM bioadsorbent can be employed for heavy metal immobilization (such as for lead) as well as an amendment to increase soil fertility (e.g., phosphorus). Few studies have examined the surface interactions between pollutants and bioadsorbents when inherent nutrient release is present. In this work, CMBC was prepared and applied for Pb(II) removal, and the vital roles of released phosphorus from CMBC were comprehensively disclosed. Furthermore, CMBC could immobilize part of the Pb(II) in soil and promote plant growth. CM400 was an effective adsorbent whose calculated Qe reached 691.34 mg·g-1, and it rapidly adsorbed 98.36 mg·g-1 of Pb(II) within 1 min. The adsorption mechanisms of Pb(II) by CMBC include ion exchange, physical adsorption, electrostatic attraction, chemical precipitation, surface complexation, and cation-π bond interaction. Based on the residual phosphorus content and adsorption effect, complexation rather than the chemical precipitation had a greater contribution toward adsorption. Besides, as the concentration of Pb(II) increased, the main adsorption mechanisms likely transformed from chemical precipitation to ion exchange and complexation. CMBC not only had a good effect on Pb(II) removal in the solution, but also immobilized the Pb(II) in soil to restrain plant uptake as well as promote plant growth. The main novelty of this work is providing more insights to the cow manure bio adsorbent on Pb immobilization and phosphorus release. This study is expected to serve as a basis and reference for analyzing the release effects of inherent nutrients and the interfacial behaviors with heavy metals when using CMBC and other nutrient-rich carbon-based fertilizers for pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabin Wang
- School of Energy and Environment Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Rural Energy Engineering, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yi Wen
- School of Energy and Environment Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Rural Energy Engineering, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Baoshan City Longyang Rural Energy Workstation, Baoshan 678000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yue
- Yuxi Agricultural Environmental Protection and Rural Energy Workstation, Yuxi 653100, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Baoshan City Longyang Rural Energy Workstation, Baoshan 678000, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Energy and Environment Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Rural Energy Engineering, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Energy and Environment Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Rural Energy Engineering, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Rui Xu
- School of Energy and Environment Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Rural Energy Engineering, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Weiqing Zeng
- School of Energy and Environment Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
- Yuxi Agricultural Environmental Protection and Rural Energy Workstation, Yuxi 653100, China
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The Application of the Activated Carbon from Cordia africana Leaves for Adsorption of Chromium (III) from an Aqueous Solution. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/4874502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the adsorption performance of activated carbon derived from the leaves of Cordia africana for the removal of Cr (III) from an aqueous solution. The plant sample was collected, washed, dried, grounded, and sieved at 125 μm mesh size. Adsorbent activation was done using H3PO4 at concentrations of 25–85% and pyrolysis temperature of 400–500°C. The activated carbon was characterized by proximate, SEM, BET, and FTIR analyses. A batch adsorption study was conducted to determine the effect of contact time, adsorbent dose, initial chromium concentration, and mixing speed on Cr (III) removal. The regeneration of the activated carbon was investigated by using 1 M of HNO3 as a desorbing solution for seven cycles. At optimum acid concentration and pyrolysis temperature, a surface area of 700 m2/g was recorded. The moisture content, volatile matter, ash composition, fixed carbon, and bulk density of the activated carbon were found to be 5.3%, 24.2%, 6.2%, 64.3%, and 0.75 g/mL, respectively. The SEM and FTIR analyses indicated that the surface morphology was full of cracks and different peaks were associated with plenty of functional groups, respectively. The maximum Cr (III) removal was attained at a contact time of 180 min (89%), adsorbent dose of 1.5 g (54%), initial concentration of 0.6 g/L (47%), and mixing speed of 300 rpm (64%). The equilibrium data were better described by Freundlich isotherm at R2 value of 0.88, which implies that the adsorption process is conducted on a heterogeneous surface. The pseudo-first-order kinetics model with R2 value of 0.99 best fits with the equilibrium data, which implies that physisorption controls the adsorption kinetics. Generally, it can be concluded that this locally prepared adsorbent is promising for the removal of chromium from industrial wastewater, but further factorial approach assessment has to be checked.
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Ahsan H, Shahid M, Imran M, Mahmood F, Siddique MH, Ali HM, Niazi MB, Hussain S, Shahbaz M, Ayyub M, Shahzad T. Photocatalysis and adsorption kinetics of azo dyes by nanoparticles of nickel oxide and copper oxide and their nanocomposite in an aqueous medium. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14358. [PMID: 36405015 PMCID: PMC9671035 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Azo dyes are recalcitrant organic pollutants present in textile industry effluents. Conventional treatment methods to remove them come with a range of disadvantages. Nanoparticles and their nanocomposites offer more efficient, less expensive and easy to handle wastewater treatment alternative. Methods In this study, nanoparticles of nickel oxide (NiO-NPs), copper oxide (CuO-NPs) and their nanocomposite (NiO/CuO-NC) were synthesized using co-precipitation method. The functional groups present on the surface of synthesized nanomaterials were verified using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Surface morphology was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) whereas purity, shape and size of the crystallite were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The potential of these nanomaterials to degrade three dyes i.e., Reactive Red-2 (RR-2), Reactive Black-5 (RB-5) and Orange II sodium salt (OII) azo dyes, was determined in an aqueous medium under visible light (photocatalysis). The photodegradation effectiveness of all nanomaterials was evaluated under different factors like nanomaterial dose (0.02-0.1 g 10 mL-1), concentration of dyes (20-100 mg L-1), and irradiation time (60-120 min). They were also assessed for their potential to adsorb RR-2 and OII dyes. Results Results revealed that at optimum concentration (60 mgL-1) of RR-2, RB-5, and OII dyes, NiO-NPs degraded 90, 82 and 83%, CuO-NPs degraded 49, 34, and 44%, whereas the nanocomposite NiO/CuO-NC degraded 92, 93, and 96% of the said dyes respectively. The nanomaterials were categorized as the efficient degraders of the dyes in the order: NiO/CuO-NC > NiO-NPs > CuO-NPs. The highest degradation potential shown by the nanocomposite was attributed to its large surface area, small particles size, and quick reactions which were proved by advance analytical techniques. The equilibrium and kinetic adsorption of RR-2 and OII on NiO-NPs, CuO-NPs, and NiO/CuO-NC were well explained with Langmuir and Pseudo second order model, respectively (R2 ≥ 0.96). The maximum RR-2 adsorption (103 mg/g) was obtained with NiO/CuO-NC. It is concluded that nanocomposites are more efficient and promising for the dyes degradation from industrial wastewater as compared with dyes adsorption onto individual NPs. Thus, the nanocomposite NiO/CuO-NC can be an excellent candidate for photodegradation as well as the adsorption of the dyes in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajra Ahsan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad B.K. Niazi
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sabir Hussain
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mudassar Ayyub
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tanvir Shahzad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Huang K, Hu C, Tan Q, Yu M, Shabala S, Yang L, Sun X. Highly efficient removal of cadmium from aqueous solution by ammonium polyphosphate-modified biochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135471. [PMID: 35764111 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus-modified biochars are considered as good materials for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater. However, the efficacy of ammonium polyphosphate-modified biochar in cadmium (Cd(II)) adsorption remains largely unknown. In this work, the biochar was respectively modified with ammonium polyphosphate (PABC), phosphoric acid (PHBC) and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (PNBC) to enhance its adsorption performance for heavy metals from wastewater. The properties of biochar before and after modification and P speciation on the surface of the modified biochar were investigated with FTIR, SEM-EDS, XPS, XRD and 31P NMR, and the adsorption capacity was evaluated by batch adsorption experiments. The results demonstrated that the optimal adsorption performance could be achieved at the solution pH = 4, and the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models could well describe the Cd(II) adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity of PABC, PHBC and PNBC for Cd(II) was 155, 138 and 99 mg g-1, which were 4.84, 4.32 and 3.10 folds that of original biochar, respectively. The 31P NMR showed that orthophosphate accounted for 82.1%, 62.8% and 54.5% of P in PABC, PHBC and PNBC, respectively, which decreased to 28.24%, 33.51% and 29.34% after Cd(II) adsorption, indicating that the orthophosphate ratio in P-modified biochar surface could significantly affect Cd adsorption by forming phosphate precipitate. This work implies that the PABC has greater potential in the removal of Cd from wastewater relative to PHBC and PNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Micro-elements Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chengxiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Micro-elements Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiling Tan
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Micro-elements Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuecheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Micro-elements Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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20
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Fan Z, Fang J, Zhang G, Qin L, Fang Z, Jin L. Improved Adsorption of Tetracycline in Water by a Modified Caulis spatholobi Residue Biochar. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:30543-30553. [PMID: 36061729 PMCID: PMC9434748 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A potassium modified biochar (KBC) using Caulis spatholobi residue as the raw material was prepared by adopting a two-step method of pyrolysis followed by high-temperature potassium hydroxide activation, and its properties were characterized. Activation using potassium hydroxide under high temperature induced the loss of CaCO3 and partial C on biochar, which created a high specific surface area (1336.31 m2/g) together with a developed pore structure. pH displayed a slight influence on tetracycline adsorption, which signified the slight influence of the existence of tetracycline and the charge potential of biochar. Besides, pore filling, hydrogen bonding and π-π EDA stacking interactions possibly resulted in tetracycline adsorption on biochar. Tetracycline adsorption was fast in the original period, followed by a slower rate of adsorption until equilibrium was reached. Adsorption kinetics of tetracycline could be described using secondary and Elovich kinetic models. Adsorption isotherms for tetracycline were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum adsorption capacity of KBC was 830.78 mg/g at 318 K. According to a study of the thermodynamics, the adsorption of tetracycline on KBC was an endothermic reaction process. Corresponding results in the present study demonstrated that high-temperature potassium hydroxide activation enabled biochar to effectively eliminate tetracycline from water and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fan
- Membrane
Separation and Water Treatment Center, Zhejiang University of Technology, State Key Lab Breeding Base of Green Chemical Synthesis
Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jie Fang
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University
of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Membrane
Separation and Water Treatment Center, Zhejiang University of Technology, State Key Lab Breeding Base of Green Chemical Synthesis
Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Lei Qin
- Membrane
Separation and Water Treatment Center, Zhejiang University of Technology, State Key Lab Breeding Base of Green Chemical Synthesis
Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhenzhen Fang
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University
of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Laiyun Jin
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University
of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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21
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Imran M, Murtaza B, Ansar S, Shah NS, Haq Khan ZU, Ali S, Boczkaj G, Hafeez F, Ali S, Rizwan M. Potential of nanocomposites of zero valent copper and magnetite with Eleocharis dulcis biochar for packed column and batch scale removal of Congo red dye. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 305:119291. [PMID: 35427680 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The current study is the first attempt to prepare nanocomposites of Eleocharis dulcis biochar (EDB) with nano zero-valent Copper (nZVCu/EDB) and magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs/EDB) for batch and column scale sequestration of Congo Red dye (CR) from synthetic and natural water. The adsorbents were characterized with advanced analytical techniques. The impact of EDB, MNPs/EDB and nZVCu/EDB dosage (1-4 g/L), pH (4-10), initial concentration of CR (20-500 mg/L), interaction time (180 min) and material type to remove CR from water was examined at ambient temperature. The CR removal followed sequence of nZVCu/EDB > MNPs/EDB > EDB (84.9-98% > 77-95% > 69.5-93%) at dosage 2 g/L when CR concentration was increased from 20 to 500 mg/L. The MNPs/EDB and nZVCu/EDB showed 10.9% and 20.1% higher CR removal than EDB. The adsorption capacity of nZVCu/EDB, MNPs/EDB and EDB was 212, 193 and 174 mg/g, respectively. Freundlich model proved more suitable for sorption experiments while pseudo 2nd order kinetic model well explained the adsorption kinetics. Fixed bed column scale results revealed excellent retention of CR (99%) even at 500 mg/L till 2 h when packed column was filled with 3.0 g nZVCu/EDB, MNPs/EDB and EDB. These results revealed that nanocomposites with biochar can be applied efficiently for the decontamination of CR contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, 61100, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, 61100, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Sabah Ansar
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor Samad Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, 61100, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ul Haq Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, 61100, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Ali
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; EkoTech Center, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Farhan Hafeez
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Tobe Camp, Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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22
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Acid-Modified Biochar Impacts on Soil Properties and Biochemical Characteristics of Crops Grown in Saline-Sodic Soils. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14138190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soil salinity and sodicity is a potential soil risk and a major reason for reduced soil productivity in many areas of the world. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different biochar raw materials and the effects of acid-modified biochar on alleviating abiotic stresses from saline-sodic soil and its effect on biochemical properties of maize and wheat productivity. A field experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design during the seasons of 2019/2020, with five treatments and three replicates: untreated soil (CK), rice straw biochar (RSB), cotton stalk biochar (CSB), rice straw-modified biochar (RSMB), and cotton stalk-modified biochar (CSMB). FTIR and X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that acid modification of biochar has potential effects for improving its properties via porous functions, surface functional groups and mineral compositions. The CSMB treatment enhanced the soil’s physical and chemical properties and porosity via EC, ESP, CEC, SOC and BD by 28.79%, 20.95%, 11.49%, 9.09%, 11.51% and 12.68% in the upper 0–20 cm, respectively, compared to the initial properties after the second season. Soil-available N, P and K increased with modified biochar treatments compared to original biochar types. Data showed increases in grain/straw yield with CSMB amendments by 34.15% and 29.82% for maize and 25.11% and 15.03% for wheat plants, respectively, compared to the control. Total N, P and K contents in both maize and wheat plants increased significantly with biochar application. CSMB recorded the highest accumulations of proline contents and SOD, POD and CAT antioxidant enzyme activity. These results suggest that the acid-modified biochar can be considered an eco-friendly, cheaper and effective choice in alleviating abiotic stresses from saline-sodic soil and positively effects maize and wheat productivity.
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23
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Uddin MK, Abd Malek NN, Jawad AH, Sabar S. Pyrolysis of rubber seed pericarp biomass treated with sulfuric acid for the adsorption of crystal violet and methylene green dyes: an optimized process. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:393-402. [PMID: 35786072 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2086214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the biomass of rubber seed pericarp was first treated with sulfuric acid and then its activated carbon was formed by the pyrolysis process. As produced acid-treated activated carbon of chosen biomass was then used for the adsorption of crystal violet (CV) and methylene green (MG) from the colored aqueous solution. The adsorbent was exposed to several characterization methods to know its structural and morphological behaviors before and after CV and MG adsorption. The adsorbent was found to be mesoporous having a surface area of 59.517 m2/g. The effect of pH, time, and concentration was assessed while various isotherm and kinetics models were employed to know the adsorption insight. The optimum conditions were at pH 8, within 30 min, 50 mg/L concentration, and 0.06 gm dose. The adsorption data (the maximum adsorption capacity for CV and MG were found to be 302.7 and 567.6 mg/g, respectively) was validated by fitting in a response surface statistical methodology and the positive interactions between the studied factors were found. The adsorption was mainly belonging to the electrostatic attraction of the dye molecules. The study proves that the used adsorbent is economical and an excellent source of treating wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kashif Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Zulfi Campus, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ali H Jawad
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - S Sabar
- Chemical Sciences Programme, School of Distance Education (SDE), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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24
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Sanchez-Silva JM, Collins-Martínez VH, Padilla-Ortega E, Aguilar-Aguilar A, Labrada-Delgado GJ, Gonzalez-Ortega O, Palestino-Escobedo G, Ocampo-Pérez R. CHARACTERIZATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF NANCHE STONE (BYRSONIMA CRASSIFOLIA) IN AN ACTIVATED HYDROCHAR WITH HIGH ADSORPTION CAPACITY TOWARDS METFORMIN IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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25
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Han T, Shen J, Dai C, Li Y, Zhou J, Li X, Sun Z, Mi Z, Miao X. Biochar-Stimulated Pumpkin Performance Under Cadmium Stress Is Strongly Linked to Metabolite Pattern. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 108:1132-1138. [PMID: 35577927 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, pumpkin seedlings were subjected to cadmium stress (100 mg/L cadmium ion solution, 10 days) without or with wheat straw biochar at different concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% w/v). As the biochar concentration increased, the amount of cadmium accumulated in the root and stem of pumpkin seedlings decreased and the fresh weight of root, stem and leaf increased. The highest cadmium concentration was in the root, followed by the stem and then the leaf. 1% and 2% biochar treatments reduced the oxidative stress of cadmium to seedlings, and added the contents of fatty acid, carbohydrate, amino acid and indoleacetic acid in the root. With the increase of biochar concentration, the metabolites promoting root growth increased. These results provide new information about how biochar alleviates cadmium stress by affecting the metabolic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Han
- Postdoctoral Research Station, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Postdoctoral Research Base, Postdoctoral Innovation & Practice Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jun Shen
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Chunying Dai
- Autobio Diagnostics CO., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450016, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Junguo Zhou
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xinzheng Li
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhaorong Mi
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Xinyu Miao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.
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26
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Graphene oxide/Mg-Zn-Al layered double hydroxide for efficient removal of doxycycline from water: Taguchi approach for optimization. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Yin Q, Lyu P, Wang G, Wang B, Li Y, Zhou Z, Guo Y, Li L, Deng N. Phosphorus-modified biochar cross-linked Mg-Al layered double-hydroxide stabilizer reduced U and Pb uptake by Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in uranium contaminated soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 234:113363. [PMID: 35248924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The decommissioning of uranium tailings (UMT) is usually accompanied by uranium (U) contamination in soil, which poses a serious threat to human health and ecological security. Therefore, the remediation of uranium pollution in soil is imminent from ecological and environmental points of view. In recent years, the use of biochar stabilizers to repair uranium tailings (UMT) soil has become a research hotspot. In this study, a novel phosphorus-modified bamboo biochar (PBC) cross-linked Mg-Al layered double-hydroxide composite (PBC@LDH) was prepared. The hyperaccumulator plant Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) was selected as the test plant for outdoor pot experiments, and the stabilizers were added to the UMT soil at the dosage ratio of 15 g kg-1, which verified the bioconcentrate and translocate of U and associated heavy metal Pb in the UMT soil by Indian mustard after stabilizer remediated. The results shown that, after 50 days of growth, compared with the untreated sample (CK), the Indian mustard in PBC@LDH treatment possessed a better growth and its biomass weight of whole plant was increased by 52.7%. Meanwhile, the bioconcentration factors (BF) of U and Pb for PBC@LDH treatment were significantly decreased by 73.4% and 34.2%, respectively; and the translocation factors (TF) were also commendable reduced by 15.1% and 2.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the Tessier available forms of U and Pb in rhizosphere soil showed a remarkably decrease compared with CK, which reached by 55.97% and 14.1% after PBC@LDH stabilization, respectively. Complexation, precipitation, and reduction of functional groups released by PBC@LDH with U and Pb described the immobilization mechanisms of biochar stabilizer preventing U and Pb enrichment in Indian mustard. As well as, the formation of U-containing vesicles was prevented by the precipitation of -OH functional groups with free U and Pb ions around the cell tissue fluids and vascular bundle structure of plant roots, thereby reducing the migration risk of toxic heavy metals to above-ground parts. In conclusion, this research demonstrates that the PBC@LDH stabilizer offers a potentially effective amendment for the remediation of U contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Yin
- School of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Peng Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China; School of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China.
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- School of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Zhongkui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China; School of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Yadan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China; School of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Lianfang Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Nansheng Deng
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079, China
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28
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Elfeghe S, Anwar S, Zhang Y. Adsorption and removal studies of cadmium ion onto sulfonic/phosphonic acid functionalization resins. CAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salem Elfeghe
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's NL Canada
| | - Shams Anwar
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's NL Canada
| | - Yahui Zhang
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's NL Canada
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29
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Naeem MA, Abdullah M, Imran M, Shahid M, Abbas G, Amjad M, Shah GM, Khan WUD, Alamri S, Al-Amri AA. Iron oxide nanoparticles doped biochar ameliorates trace elements induced phytotoxicity in tomato by modulation of physiological and biochemical responses: Implications for human health risk. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133203. [PMID: 34896172 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Use of untreated municipal wastewater (WW) contains toxic trace elements that pose a serious threat to the soil-plant-human continuum. The use of biochar (BC) is a promising approach to minimize trace element induced toxicity in the ecosystem. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of BC derived from wheat straw and iron oxide nanoparticles doped biochar (IO-BC) to reduce trace element buildup in soil and plants that consequently affect tomato plant growth and physiological activity under WW irrigation. The BC and IO-BC were applied at four levels (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5%) in WW irrigated soils. The results indicated that the addition of WW + BC and WW + IO-BC resulted in significant reduction in trace element mobility in soil. Interestingly, the application of WW + IO-BC (1.5%) was more effective in reducing trace element mobility and bioavailability in soil by 78% (As), 58% (Cr), 46% (Pb) and 50% (Cd) compared to WW irrigation, and thus reduced trace element accumulation and toxicity in plants. Results revealed that WW irrigation negatively affected tomato growth, fruit yield, physiology and antioxidative response. Addition of WW + BC and WW + IO-BC ameliorated the oxidative stress (up to 65% and 58% in H2O2 and MDA) and increased plant tolerance (up to 49% in POD and APX activity). The risk indices also showed minimum human health risk (H1 < 1) from tomato after the addition of BC or IO-BC in WW irrigated soils. It is concluded that IO-BC addition in WW irrigated soil could assist in reducing trace elements accumulation and toxicity in tomato and associated human health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif Naeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan; Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 50, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Ghulam Mustafa Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Waqas-Ud-Din Khan
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Al-Amri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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30
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Mustafa Shah G, Imran M, Aiman U, Mohsin Iqbal M, Akram M, Javeed HMR, Waqar A, Rabbani F. Efficient sequestration of lead from aqueous systems by peanut shells and compost: evidence from fixed bed column and batch scale studies. PEERJ PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj-pchem.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a pervasive contaminant and poses a serious threat to living beings. The present study aims at batch and fixed bed column scale potential of commercial compost (CCB) and peanut shells biosorbents (PSB) for the sequestration of Pb from contaminated aqueous systems. The PSB and CCB were characterized with FTIR, SEM and Brunauer Emmett-Teller (BET) to get insight of the adsorption behavior of both materials. Fixed bed column scale experiments were performed at steady state flow (2.5 and 5.0 mL/min), initial Pb concentrations (25 and 50 mg/L) and dosage of each adsorbent (3.0 and 6.0 g/column). Columns packed (15.9 cm2) with PSB and CCB have revealed excellent adsorption of Pb with PSB as compared with CCB. The total volume of injected contaminated water was 1,500 mL and 3,000 mL at 2.5 and 5.0 mL/min, respectively while total bed volume number was 157. A series of batch experiments with CCB and PSB was conducted at adsorbent dosage (1.25–5.0 g/L), initial Pb level (25–100 mg/L), interaction time (0–180 min) and solution pH (4–10) at room temperature. Batch scale results revealed that PSB removed 92% Pb from water at 25 mg Pb/L concentration as compared with CCB (79%). The presence of competing ions in groundwater showed less Pb removal as compared with synthetic water. The experimental data were simulated with equilibrium isothermal models: Langmuir, Freundlich, and kinetic models: pseudo first order, pseudo second order and intra-particle diffusion. The Freundlich and pseudo second order models better described the equilibrium and kinetic experimental data, respectively with maximum sorption of 42.5 mg/g by PSB which is also evident from FTIR functional groups and SEM results. While equilibrium sorption of Pb onto CCB was equally explained by Freundlich and Langmuir models. These findings indicate that PSB could be an active and ecofriendly biosorbent for the sequestration of metals from contaminated aqueous systems.
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31
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Yao L, Esmaeili H, Haghani M, Roco-Videla A. Activated Carbon/Bentonite/Fe
3
O
4
as Novel Nanobiocomposite for High Removal of Cr(VI) Ions. Chem Eng Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yao
- Chuzhou University College of Civil and Architecture Engineering 239000 Chuzhou Anhui China
| | - Hossein Esmaeili
- Islamic Azad University Department of Chemical Engineering, Bushehr Branch Bushehr Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Haghani
- Islamic Azad University Department of Chemical Engineering, Bushehr Branch Bushehr Iran
| | - Angel Roco-Videla
- Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins Programa Magister en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Santiago Chile
- Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Facultad de Ingeniería Concepción Chile
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32
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Folentarska A, Łagiewka J, Krystyjan M, Ciesielski W. Biodegradable Binary and Ternary Complexes from Renewable Raw Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172925. [PMID: 34502965 PMCID: PMC8433750 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate the interactions between polysaccharides with different electrical charges (anionic and neutral starches) and proteins and fats in food ingredients. Another objective is to understand the mechanisms of these systems and the interdependence between their properties and intermolecular interactions. At present, there are not many studies on ternary blends composed of natural food polymers: polysaccharides of different electrical charge (anionic and neutral starches), proteins and lipids. Additionally, there are no reports concerning what type of interactions between polysaccharide, proteins and lipids exist simultaneously when the components are mixed in different orders. This paper intends to fill this gap. It also presents the application of natural biopolymers in the food and non-food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Folentarska
- Faculty of Exact, Natural and Technical Sciences, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Ave., 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland; (A.F.); (J.Ł.)
| | - Jakub Łagiewka
- Faculty of Exact, Natural and Technical Sciences, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Ave., 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland; (A.F.); (J.Ł.)
| | - Magdalena Krystyjan
- Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 122 Balicka Street, 30-149 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Ciesielski
- Faculty of Exact, Natural and Technical Sciences, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Ave., 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland; (A.F.); (J.Ł.)
- Correspondence: or
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Praveen S, Jegan J, Pushpa TB, Gokulan R. Artificial neural network modelling for biodecolorization of Basic Violet 03 from aqueous solution by biochar derived from agro-bio waste of groundnut hull: Kinetics and thermodynamics. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130191. [PMID: 34088088 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Levenberg Marquardt back propagation algorithm was used to train the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and to predict the adsorptive removal of cationic dye Basic Violet 03 (BV03) by biochar derived from biowaste of groundnut hull. The experimental conditions such as solution pH, biochar dose, initial dye concentration, contact time and temperature were used as input variables and BV03 percentage removal as target. The hidden and the output layer of the network was trained by tangent sigmoid and liner transfer functions. The feasibility of the adsorption process is evaluated by the kinetic studies and it exhibited that pseudo-second order kinetic models fit well with experimental data. The adsorbent stability and adsorption mechanism has been discoursed by the thermodynamic characteristics and sorption free energy. The predicted target values were compared with the experiment resulted in a better correlation coefficient of 0.9920. Thus, the results attained from this ANN model was found to be effective in predicting the percentage removal of BV03 dye at any given operating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Praveen
- Department of Civil Engineering, GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam, Srikakulam, 532 127, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Josephraj Jegan
- Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering Ramanathapuram, Ramanathapuram, 623 513, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Ravindiran Gokulan
- Department of Civil Engineering, GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam, Srikakulam, 532 127, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Li Z, Li Y, Zhu J. Straw-Based Activated Carbon: Optimization of the Preparation Procedure and Performance of Volatile Organic Compounds Adsorption. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123284. [PMID: 34198630 PMCID: PMC8232107 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Straw is one of the largest agricultural biowastes and a potential alternative precursor of activated carbon. Activated carbon prepared from different types of straw have great differences in structure and adsorption performance. In order to explore the performance of different straw-based activated carbon in volatile organic compounds adsorption, five common straws were selected as potential source materials for the preparation of SAC. The straw-based activated carbons were prepared and characterized via a thermo-gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method. Among the five straw-based activated carbons, millet straw-derived activated carbon exhibited superior properties in SBET, Smic and adsorption capacities of both toluene and ethyl acetate. Furthermore, the preparation process of millet straw activated carbon was optimized via response surface methodology, using carbonization temperature, carbonization time and impregnation ratio as variables and toluene adsorption capacity, ethyl acetate adsorption capacity and activated carbon yield as responses. The optimal preparation conditions include a carbonization temperature of 572 °C, carbonization time of 1.56 h and impregnation ratio (ZnCl2/PM, w/w) of 1.60, which was verified experimentally, resulting in millet straw activated carbon with a toluene adsorption capacity of 321.9 mg/g and ethyl acetate adsorption capacity of 240.4 mg/g. Meanwhile, the adsorption isothermals and regeneration performance of millet straw activated carbon prepared under the optimized conditions were evaluated. The descriptive ability of the isothermals via the Redlich–Peterson equation suggests a heterogeneous surface on millet straw activated carbon. Recyclability testing has shown that millet straw activated carbon maintained a stable adsorption capacity throughout the second to fifth cycles. The results of this work indicate that millet straw activated carbon may be a potential volatile organic compound adsorbent for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Key Lab for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University Renai College, Tianjin 301636, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Distillation Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-150-2230-3787 (Z.L.); +86-136-8216-1911 (Y.L.)
| | - Yonghong Li
- Key Lab for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
- National Engineering Research Center for Distillation Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-150-2230-3787 (Z.L.); +86-136-8216-1911 (Y.L.)
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Key Lab for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
- National Engineering Research Center for Distillation Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Wu Q, Ren M, Zhang X, Li C, Li T, Yang Z, Chen Z, Wang L. Comparison of Cd(II) adsorption properties onto cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin extracted from rice bran. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Effective sequestration of Congo red dye with ZnO/cotton stalks biochar nanocomposite: MODELING, reusability and stability. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2020.101176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Imran M, Iqbal MM, Iqbal J, Shah NS, Khan ZUH, Murtaza B, Amjad M, Ali S, Rizwan M. Synthesis, characterization and application of novel MnO and CuO impregnated biochar composites to sequester arsenic (As) from water: Modeling, thermodynamics and reusability. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123338. [PMID: 32634661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed at enhancing the adsorption potential of novel nanocomposites of Sesbania bispinosa biochar (SBC) with copper oxide (SBC/CuO) and manganese oxide nanoparticles (SBC/MnO) for the efficient and inexpensive removal of environmentally concerned contaminant arsenic (As) from contaminated water at batch scale. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and point of zero charge (PZC) analyses proved successful impregnation of the metallic nanoparticles on SBC surface. The results revealed the maximum As removal (96 %) and adsorption (12.47 mg/g) by SBC/CuO composite at 10 mg As/L, optimum pH-4, dose 1.0 g/L and ambient temperature (25 ± 1.5 °C) as compared with SBC (7.33 mg/g) and SBC/MnO (7.34 mg/g). Among four types of adsorption isotherms, Freundlich isotherm demonstrated best fit with R2 > 0.997. While pseudo second-order kinetic model revealed better agreement with kinetic experimental data as matched with other kinetic models. The thermodynamic results depicted that As adsorption on the as-synthesized adsorbents was endothermic and spontaneous in nature with increased randomness. The SBC/CuO displayed excellent reusability and stability over four adsorption/desorption cycles and proved that the as-synthesized SBC/CuO composite may be the efficient adsorbent for practical removal of As from contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mohsin Iqbal
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Jibran Iqbal
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noor Samad Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ul Haq Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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Unravelling the Environmental Application of Biochar as Low-Cost Biosorbent: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10217810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this age, a key target for enhancing the competitiveness of the chemical, environmental and biotechnology industries is to manufacture high-value products more efficiently and especially with significantly reduced environmental impact. Under this premise, the conversion of biomass waste to a high-value added product, biochar, is an interesting approach under the circular economy principles. Thus, the improvements in the biochar production and its new and innovative uses are hot points of interest, which are the focus of vast efforts of the scientific community. Biochar has been recognized as a material of great potential, and its use as an adsorbent is becoming a reliable strategy for the removal of pollutants of different streams, according to its high adsorption capacity and potential to eliminate recalcitrant compounds. In this review, a succinct overview of current actions developed to improve the adsorption capability of biochar, mainly of heavy metal and organic pollutants (dyes, pharmaceuticals and personal care products), is summarized and discussed, and the principal adsorption mechanisms are described. The feedstock and the production procedure are revealed as key factors that provide the appropriate physicochemical characteristics for the good performance of biochar as an adsorbent. In addition, the modification of the biochar by the different described approaches proved their feasibility and became a good strategy for the design of selective adsorbents. In the last part of this review, the novel prospects in the regeneration of the biochar are presented in order to achieve a clean technology for alleviating the water pollution challenge.
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Yuan S, Hong M, Li H, Ye Z, Gong H, Zhang J, Huang Q, Tan Z. Contributions and mechanisms of components in modified biochar to adsorb cadmium in aqueous solution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 733:139320. [PMID: 32446077 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, researchers have carried out a large number of studies on the adsorption of heavy metals by modified biochar, but there have been fewer explorations of the contributions and mechanisms of components in biochar composites on heavy metals adsorption. In this paper, the biochar was modified by Fe2+/Fe3+ and NaOH, and a further analysis of the adsorption of cadmium on the new biochar was conducted. It was found that (1) the adsorption capacity for cadmium of the modified biochar (M85) was 406.46 mg/g, which was 16 times that of the original biochar (C800); (2) the increased adsorption of cadmium onto the modified biochar had little correlation with the specific surface area, and the pure iron component was not the decisive factor for the huge adsorption capacity; and (3) the modified biochar was a kind of composite material with special construction, where the C-O-Fe structure that formed on its surface was the main reason for the sharp increase in adsorption. Among the iron components, iron oxides (Fe3O4, γ-Fe2O3 and Fe-O-Fe), iron-containing functional groups (-Fe-R-COOH and Fe-R-OH, etc.) and the mineral crystal XiFeYjOk reacted with the cadmium ion in aqueous solution to exchange, form complexes and precipitate, achieving the purpose of fixing the heavy metal. In addition, the aromatic structure C=Cπ can also adsorb Cd2+ to generate C=Cπ-Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Lion Hill Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Mengfan Hong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Lion Hill Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Lion Hill Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Zhixiong Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Lion Hill Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Huabo Gong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Lion Hill Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Lion Hill Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Qiaoyun Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Lion Hill Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Zhongxin Tan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Lion Hill Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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Tariq MA, Nadeem M, Iqbal MM, Imran M, Siddique MH, Iqbal Z, Amjad M, Rizwan M, Ali S. Effective sequestration of Cr (VI) from wastewater using nanocomposite of ZnO with cotton stalks biochar: modeling, kinetics, and reusability. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:33821-33834. [PMID: 32535827 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09481-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The disposal of chromium (Cr) containing wastewater in surface water bodies without prior treatment is a serious threat to humans, animals, and plants. A novel nanocomposite (CSB/ZnO) of cotton stalks biochar (CSB) with ZnO nanoparticles was synthesized for the removal of Cr (VI) ions from contaminated water at batch scale. The impact of adsorbent dosage (1-4 g/L), initial Cr (VI) levels (25-200 mg/L), pH (2-8), and interaction time (0-180 min) was assessed for the removal of Cr (VI) from contaminated water. The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and point of zero charge (PZC) characterization showed successful impregnation of ZnO particles on CSB with improved surface characteristics. The maximum adsorption (qmax) of CSB and CSB/ZnO was 54.95 and 107.53 mg Cr/g, respectively that is relatively higher than various previously studied adsorbents. The experimental isothermal data better fitted with the Freundlich model in comparison with other isotherm models while adsorption kinetics well corroborated with the pseudo-second-order model. The results revealed that doping of biochar with metallic nanoparticles (CSB/ZnO) proved very effective (99.6% at 50 mg/L) with high reusability (91%) after five adsorption/desorption cycles and seems a suitable strategy for the decontamination of Cr (VI) contaminated waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adnan Tariq
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mohsin Iqbal
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
| | | | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Geography, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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A Biosorption-Pyrolysis Process for Removal of Pb from Aqueous Solution and Subsequent Immobilization of Pb in the Char. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12092381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of biosorption in the removal of heavy metals from water faces a challenge of safe disposal of contaminated biomass. In this study, a potential solution for this problem was proposed by using a biosorption-pyrolysis process featured by pretreatment of biomass with phosphoric acid (PA). The PA pretreatment of biomass increased the removal efficiency of heavy metal Pb from water by sorption, and subsequent pyrolysis helped immobilize Pb in the residual char. The results indicate that most (>95%) of the Pb adsorbed by the PA-pretreated biomass was retained in the char, and that the lower pyrolysis temperature (350 °C) is more favorable for Pb immobilization. In this way, the bioavailable Pb in the char was hardly detected, while the Pb leachable in acidic solution decreased to <3% of total Pb in the char. However, higher pyrolysis temperature (450 °C) is unfavorable for Pb immobilization, as both the leachable and bioavailable Pb increased to >28%. The reason should be related to the formation of elemental Pb and unstable Pb compounds during pyrolysis at 450 °C, according to the X-ray diffraction study.
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Adsorption of Cadmium, Manganese and Lead Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Spent Coffee Grounds and Biochar Produced by Its Pyrolysis in the Fluidized Bed Reactor. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13122782. [PMID: 32575573 PMCID: PMC7345364 DOI: 10.3390/ma13122782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption process of cadmium ions (Cd), manganese ions (Mn) and lead ions (Pb) onto the spent coffee grounds (SCG) and activated spent coffee grounds (biochar, A-SCG) was investigated. The SCG activation was carried out in the pyrolysis process in a fluidized bed reactor. scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) measurements and CHN analysis were used in order to define the differences between biomaterials. In the study the different mass of materials (0.2–0.5 g) and constant heavy metal volume and concentration (20 cm3/100 ppm) were investigated on the adsorption process. In order to describe the sorption parameters the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms were used. The maximum adsorption for biochar reached 22.3 mg/g for Pb ions, 19.6 mg/g for Mn ions and 19.4 mg/g for Cd ions which were noticeably higher than the results obtained for spent coffee grounds which reached 13.6 mg/g for Pb ions, 13.0 mg/g for Mn ions and 11.0 mg/g for Cd ions. Metal ion adsorption on both SCG and A-SCG was best described by the Langmuir model, thus chemisorption was a dominant type of adsorption. Studying the kinetics of the sorption process, one can see that the process is of a chemical nature according to the best fit of the pseudo-second rate order model. The obtained results show that the chosen sorbents can be used for the removal of cadmium, manganese and lead compounds from aqueous solutions with high efficiency.
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New Efficient Adsorbent Materials for the Removal of Cd(II) from Aqueous Solutions. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10050899. [PMID: 32397122 PMCID: PMC7279495 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The rapid increase of industrial activities leads to serious environmental pollution, especially, in aqueous systems and particularly with heavy metals. Cadmium, one of the most poisonous elements, is rapidly accumulated in the human body, therefore, the efficient removal of cadmium ions from wastewater is an urgent need. Coordination networks (CNs) and its subdivision metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), are structured porous composites which present various special properties. In this work two CNs were used as adsorbent materials for the removal of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions. By the reaction of CoSO4·7H2O and NiSO4·7H2O with N,N-bis(phosphonomethyl)glycine (Gly) in hydrothermal conditions two CNs-Co-Gly and Ni-Gly- were synthesized, respectively. Cadmium adsorption onto the studied CNs was conducted in batch mode, and the effect of pH, initial concentration, contact time, temperature and sorbent weight on the sorption process were investigated. Parametric Method 3 (PM3)semi-empirical analyses of the CNs' structural properties were performed in order to predict the adsorption properties. For this reason, two octahedral models were calculated and computational predictions were compared with the experimental results. Both computational and experimental adsorption studies found that Ni-Gly presents higher affinity for cadmium ions. Moreover, the adsorbent materials can be readily regenerated and recycled without significant loss of cadmium uptake capacity.
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Surface oxidized and un-oxidized activated carbon derived from Ziziphus jujube Stem, and its application in removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous media. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2578-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Imran M, Haq Khan ZU, Iqbal J, Shah NS, Muzammil S, Ali S, Muhammad N, Aziz A, Murtaza B, Naeem MA, Amjad M, Shahid M, Zakir A, Rizwan M. Potential of siltstone and its composites with biochar and magnetite nanoparticles for the removal of cadmium from contaminated aqueous solutions: Batch and column scale studies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 259:113938. [PMID: 31952099 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study is the first attempt to evaluate the pilot and batch scale adsorption potential of siltstone (SS) and its nanocomposites with biochar (EDB/SS), magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs/SS) and MNPs/EDB/SS for Cd removal from contaminated water. The SS, EDB/SS, MNPs/SS and MNPs/EDB/SS were characterized with FTIR, XRD, BET, SEM, TEM, TGA and point of zero charge (PZC). The effects of adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial Cd concentration, pH and presence of competing ions were evaluated on the Cd removal and its adsorption. The order for Cd removal was: MNPs/EDB/SS > MNPs/SS > EDB/SS > SS (95.86-99.72% > 93.10-98.5% > 89.66.98-98.40% > 74.90-90%). Column scale experiments yielded maximum retention (95%) of Cd even after 2 h of injection at 100 mg Cd/L. The exhausted SS, EDB/SS, MNPs/SS and MNPs/EDB/SS were reused without losing significant adsorption potential. Similarly, maximum Cd adsorption (117.38 mg/g) was obtained with MNPs/EDB/SS at dose 1.0 g/L. The results revealed that coexisting cations reduced the Cd removal due to competition with Cd ions. The experimental results were better explained with Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo 2nd order kinetic models. The results revealed that SS and its composites can be used efficiently for the removal of Cd from contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, 61100, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ul Haq Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, 61100, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Jibran Iqbal
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, P.O. Box 144534, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noor Samad Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, 61100, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Saima Muzammil
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University (CMU), Taiwan
| | | | - Arwa Aziz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, 61100, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, 61100, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Naeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, 61100, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, 61100, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, 61100, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Ali Zakir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, 61100, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Batch Study of Cadmium Biosorption by Carbon Dioxide Enriched Aphanothece sp. Dried Biomass. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12010264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The conventional method for cadmium removal in aqueous solutions (1–100 mg/L) is ineffective and inefficient. Therefore, a batch biosorption reactor using a local freshwater microalga (originating from an urban lake, namely, Situ Rawa Kalong-Depok) as dried biosorbent was tested. Biosorbent made from three kinds of cyanobacterium Aphanothece sp. cultivars (A0, A8, and A15) were used to eliminate cadmium (Cd2+) ions in aqueous solution (1–7 mg/L). The biosorbents were harvested from a photobioreactor system enriched with carbon dioxide gas of 0.04% (atmospheric), 8%, and 15% under continuous light illumination of about 5700–6000 lux for 14 d of cultivation. Produced dried biosorbents had Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) surface area ranges of 0.571–1.846 m2/g. Biosorption of Cd2+ was pH and concentration dependent. Sorption was spontaneous (ΔG = −8.39 to −10.88 kJ/mol), exothermic (ΔH = −41.85 to −49.16 kJ/mol), and decreased randomness (ΔS = −0.102 to −0.126 kJ/mol. K) on the interface between solid and liquid phases when the process was completed. The kinetic sorption data fitted best to the pseudo-second-order model (k2 = 2.79 × 10−2, 3.96 × 10−2, and 4.54 × 10−2 g/mg.min). The dried biosorbents of A0, A8, and A15, after modeling with the Langmuir and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models, indicated that cadmium binding occurred through chemisorption (qmax, D-R = 9.74 × 10−4, 4.79 × 10−3, and 9.12 × 10−3 mol/g and mean free energy of 8.45, 11.18, and 11.18 kJ/mol) on the monolayer and homogenous surface (qmax, Langmuir of 12.24, 36.90, and 60.24 mg/g). In addition, the results of SEM, EDX, and FTIR showed that there were at least nine functional groups that interacted with Cd2+ (led to bond formation) after biosorption through cation exchange mechanisms, and morphologically the surfaces changed after biosorption. Biosorbent A15 indicated the best resilient features over three cycles of sorption–desorption using 1 M HCl as the desorbing eluent. These biosorbents can be a potent and eco-friendly material for treating aqueous wastewater.
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