Adsorption of Cu(II) Ions on Adsorbent Materials Obtained from Marine Red Algae Callithamnion corymbosum sp

Comparative Analysis of Hydrogel Adsorption/Desorption with and without Surfactants

In this particular study, a hydrogel known as SAP-1 was synthesized through the grafting of acrylic acid-co-acrylamide onto pullulan, resulting in the creation of Pul-g-Poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide). Additionally, a sponge hydrogel named SAP-2 was prepared by incorporating the surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) into the hydrogel through free radical solution polymerization. To gain further insight into the composition and properties of the hydrogels, various techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), atomic absorption spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), were employed. Conversely, the absorption kinetics and the equilibrium capacities of the prepared hydrogels were investigated and analyzed. The outcomes of the investigation indicated that each of the synthesized hydrogels exhibited considerable efficacy as adsorbents for cadmium (II), copper (II), and nickel (II) ions. In particular, SAP-2 gel displayed a remarkable cadmium (II) ion absorption ability, with a rate of 190.72 mg/g. Following closely, SAP-1 gel demonstrated the ability to absorb cadmium (II) ions at a rate of 146.9 mg/g and copper (II) ions at a rate of 154 mg/g. Notably, SAP-2 hydrogel demonstrated the ability to repeat the adsorption-desorption cycles three times for cadmium (II) ions, resulting in absorption capacities of 190.72 mg/g, 100.43 mg/g, and 19.64 mg/g for the first, second, and third cycles, respectively. Thus, based on the abovementioned results, it can be concluded that all the synthesized hydrogels possess promising potential as suitable candidates for the adsorption and desorption of cadmium (II), copper (II), and nickel (II) ions.

Adsorption of Metal Ions from Single and Binary Aqueous Systems on Bio-Nanocomposite, Alginate-Clay

The aim of this work is to characterize and evaluate the retention of Cu2+ and Ni2+ from single and binary systems by alginate-Moroccan clay bio-composite with the utilization of calcium chloride as a cross-linking agent, using the ionotropic gelation method. The bio-nanocomposite was characterized by using a variety of techniques (SEM, EDX, XRD, and pHPZC). The efficiency of the adsorbent was investigated under different experimental conditions by varying parameters such as pH, initial concentration, and contact time. To demonstrate the adsorption kinetics, various kinetic models were tried and assessed, including pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intraparticle diffusion, and Elovich models. The research results show that the adsorption process of Cu2+ and Ni2+ metal ions follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the corresponding rate constants were identified. To evaluate the parameters related to the adsorption process in both single and binary systems, different mathematical models of isotherms, such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich, were investigated. The correlation coefficients obtained showed that the most suitable isotherm for describing this adsorption process is the Langmuir model. The process is considered to be physical and endothermic, as suggested by the positive values of ΔH° and ΔS°, indicating increased randomness at the solid/liquid interface during Cu2+ and Ni2+ adsorption. Furthermore, the spontaneity of the process is confirmed by the negative values of ∆G°. The bio-nanocomposite beads demonstrated a maximum adsorption capacity of 370.37 mg/g for Ni2+ and 454.54 mg/g for Cu2+ in the single system. In the binary system, the maximum adsorption capacities were observed to be 357.14 mg/g for Ni2+ and 370.37 mg/g for Cu2+. There is significant evidence for the use of alginate-Moroccan clay bio-nanocomposite as a cost-effective alternative adsorbent for the efficient removal of metal ions in single and binary systems.

Adsorption of metal ions by oceanic manganese nodule and deep-sea sediment: Behaviour, mechanism and evaluation

Deep-sea mining disturbs the sediment on the seabed to form plumose flows, carrying metal ions that are transmitted through the food chain, posing a serious threat to marine ecosystems and human health. In this study, two types of marine raw materials were screened: Oceanic Manganese Nodules (OMN) and Deep-sea Sediments (DSS), and prepared the spherical regenerative adsorption materials OMN@SA, DSS@SA and OMN&DSS@SA using sodium alginate (SA) by sol-gel method. Preliminary investigations on the adsorption effect of metal ions were carried out. OMN@SA exhibited the best adsorption capacity, with the adsorption quantities for Cu2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ reaching 31.12, 21.11 and 16.66 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption behaviour is consistent with the Langmuir, pseudo-second-order kinetics and particle diffusion model, indicating that the adsorption process is mainly spontaneous, monolayer chemical adsorption, and the adsorption rate is mainly controlled by internal particle diffusion. SEM-EDS, XRD, FTIR and XPS analyses suggest that the adsorption mechanism includes surface physical adsorption, ion exchange, functional group complexation, electrostatic attraction and precipitation. The fixed bed column experiment shows that OMN@SA can effectively remove metal ions Cu2+, demonstrating excellent stability, safety and good regenerability. This study paves a new direction for the design of efficient and sustainable materials for heavy metal adsorption. More importantly, as marine primordial materials, OMN and DSS have strong technical and economic feasibility for future use in in-situ fixation of metal ions in seafloor sediments and restoration of the original seabed environment.

Utilization of microalgal-bacterial energy nexus improves CO2 sequestration and remediation of wastewater pollutants for beneficial environmental services

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels and coal are primary contributors of greenhouse gases leading to global climate change and warming. The toxicity of heavy metals and metalloids in the environment threatens ecological functionality, diversity and global human life. The ability of microalgae to thrive in harsh environments such as industrial wastewater, polluted lakes, and contaminated seawaters presents new, environmentally friendly, and less expensive CO2 remediation solutions. Numerous microalgal species grown in wastewater for industrial purposes may absorb and convert nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter into proteins, oil, and carbohydrates. In any multi-faceted micro-ecological system, the role of bacteria and their interactions with microalgae can be harnessed appropriately to enhance microalgae performance in either wastewater treatment or algal production systems. This algal-bacterial energy nexus review focuses on examining the processes used in the capture, storage, and biological fixation of CO2 by various microalgal species, as well as the optimized production of microalgae in open and closed cultivation systems. Microalgal production depends on different biotic and abiotic variables to ultimately deliver a high yield of microalgal biomass.

Isotherms and Kinetic Studies of Copper Removal from Textile Wastewater and Aqueous Solution Using Powdered Banana Peel Waste as an Adsorbent in Batch Adsorption Systems

Heavy metals that are present in surface water and wastewater are becoming a severe environmental problem. Because of its toxicity, heavy metal removal has become the main priority for environmental concerns. Banana peels are low-cost agricultural waste that could be used for heavy metal adsorption in wastewater. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effective powdered banana peel for the removal of copper (II) from aqueous solutions and real wastewater. The banana peels were collected from domestic waste and ground to get a particle size of 150 µm. Powdered banana peel waste adsorbent (PBPWA) contained moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, and bulk density of 3.8%, 3.5%, 37.5%, and 0.02 g/cm³, respectively. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed that the alkyne, aldehyde, and amide functional groups were dominant in the powdered banana peel surface, and the scanning electron microscope showed the morphology of the adsorbent. Physicochemical characteristics of the raw wastewater revealed that the concentration of Cu (II), Pb (II), COD, BOD5, and Cd (II) were 2.75 mg/L, 2.02 mg/L, 612.16 mg/L, 185.35 mg/L, and 0.01 mg/L, respectively. At pH 5, adsorbent dose of 2g/100 mL, initial copper (II) concentration of 80 mg/L, and contact time of 90 min, the maximum removal efficiency of synthetic wastewater was 96.8% and textile wastewater was 69.0%. The adsorption isotherm fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model at R² = 0.99. The kinetics of copper (II) adsorption followed the second-order kinetic model better. Finally, these studies showed that banana peel bio-adsorbent is a potential adsorbent for heavy metal removal from synthetic and textile wastewater.

Role of nanohybrid NiO–Fe3O4 in enhancing the adsorptive performance of activated carbon synthesized from Yemeni-Khat leave in removal of Pb (II) and Hg (II) from aquatic systems

Over years, existence of toxic chemical heavy metal in aquatic systems has motivated more research studies toward the preparation of effective stable solid adsorbents for the removal of toxic chemical pollutants. Therefore, in the current research study, activated carbon adsorbent (AC) was synthesized from Yemeni khat (catha edulis) leaves which are considered as waste accumulated on waste disposal areas in Yemen. KOH (2.0 N) was used as a chemical activator to produce the AC material which was subsequently heated at 400 °C. A simple co-precipitation method was used to chemically modify AC with varying weight ratios of NiO-Fe₃O₄ NPs (5, 15, and 25 wt %). The modified AC was used to remove toxic Pb(II) and Hg(II) ions from aquatic systems. Numerous techniques, which included x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherms, were used to confirm the morphology of AC and 5, 15, and 25 wt% NiO-Fe₃O₄/AC samples. The study findings demonstrated that, NiO-Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles improved the adsorption efficiency for toxic Pb(II) and Hg (II) ions. The AC adsorbent attained maximum removal efficiencies of 88.95% and 87.56% for Pb (II) and Hg (II) ions, respectively. In contrast, 15-NF/AC NC sample successfully attained the highest removal efficiencies of 100% for pb(II) and 99.71% for Hg(II). According to the experimental findings, the prepared NF/AC adsorbents were effective and they can be used as inexpensive and stable solid nanoadsorbents in water treatment.

Nano-modified feather keratin derived green and sustainable biosorbents for the remediation of heavy metals from synthetic wastewater

In this study, we employed a facile method to synthesize feather keratin derived biosorbents using water dispersed graphene oxide. The successful cross-linking of feather keratin with graphene oxide was investigated through X-ray photoelectrons spectroscopy (XPS), scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. The modifications resulted in increased surface area of the keratin proteins with substantial morphological changes including the development of cracked and rough patches on the surface. The chicken feather keratin/graphene oxide based biosorbents exhibited excellent performance for the simultaneous removal of metal oxyanions including arsenic (As), selenium (Se), chromium (Cr) and cations including nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) up to 99%, from polluted synthetic water containing 600 μgL^-1 of each metal concentration in 24 h. The insights into the biosorption mechanism revealed that the electrostatic interaction, chelation and complexation primarily contributed to the removal of multiple heavy metal ions in a single treatment. This study has demonstrated that modification of chicken feather keratin with graphene oxide is an effective way to improve its sorption capacity for removing multiple trace metal ions from contaminated water.

Estimation of sorption-desorption characteristics of biosorbent of Lantana camara leaves for removal of Pb (II) ions from wastewater

This study points out the method regarding the removal of Pb (II) ions from water by treatment with Lantana camara leaves' biosorbent (LCLB). The sorption process was investigated by varying different parameters pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, initial metal ion concentration, and temperature. For a 5.00 g sorbent dose and a 45 min of the contact period, a Pb (II) ion solution with an initial metal ion concentration of 10 mg/L resulted in 90.7% maximum elimination at an optimum pH 6 and temperature 298 ± 1.5 K with LCLB. The adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic. The maximum monolayer adsorption was 3.5 mg/g for Pb (II) sorption using LCLB. Adsorption of Pb (II) ions using LCLB (R² > 0.999) followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics. The spectroscopic characterization was done by fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis, while scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were captured for the morphological characterization. Desorption experiments revealed that hydrochloric acid has a strong potential as an eluent for Pb (II) ion desorption. The findings proposed that LCLB can be used as an effectual and cost-effective biosorbent for the expulsion of Pb (II) ions.

A hybrid biocomposite of Thamnidium elegans/olive pomace/chitosan for efficient bioremoval of toxic copper

Immobilized biomaterials have recently attracted researchers' attention in the field of environmental biotechnology due to their effective biosorption performances. In this respect, a novel hybrid biocomposite based on Thamnidium elegans cells, olive pomace, and chitosan (TE-OP@C) was produced and tested for the first time to remove a target pollutant. It was successfully employed to eliminate toxic Cu (II) ions. Uptake efficiency of the biocomposite was significantly greater than that of T. elegans and T. elegans-olive pomace, despite the much lesser amount of biocomposite used. Freundlich model best fitted the equilibrium data, and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model followed uptake. The maximum removal efficiencies in batch and continuous systems were determined to be 96 % and 98 %, respectively. After eight cycles, the biosorption and recovery efficiencies of TE-OP@C were higher than 90 %. Biocomposite was able to remove approximately 90 % and 88 % of Cu(II) from real wastewater in batch and continuous systems, respectively. FTIR analysis, zeta potential measurements, EDX, and SEM findings confirmed the Cu(II) uptake. XRD and BET analysis were also performed for biocomposite characterization. Breakthrough and exhausted points were determined as 80 and 150 min, respectively. The findings potentially lead to a new perspective for the treatment of copper contamination.

Potentiality of phosphorus-accumulating organisms biomasses in biosorption of Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) from aqueous solutions: Behaviors and mechanisms

Heavy metal pollution is consistently a critical global issue, and bioremediation is regarded as one of the most promising approaches. In this work, the biosorption characteristics of Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) from aqueous solutions using three phosphorus-accumulating organisms (PAOs) biomasses, Ochrobactrum cicero (PAB-006), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (PAB-009), and Pseudomonas putida (PAB-0031), as biosorbents were investigated. Results indicated that the equilibrium biosorption capacities of biosorbents to heavy metal ions were sensitive to the solution pH, and increased with increasing pH values. The experimental data of Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) biosorption were in good agreement with the Pseudo-second-order, Redlich-Peterson and Temkin models, implying that the biosorption was a hybrid chemical reaction-biosorption process. In addition, the theoretical maximum biosorption capacities of Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) were calculated to be 67.84, 80.23, 50.56 and 63.07 mg/g for PAB-006, 59.99, 87.71, 39.26 and 64.00 mg/g for PAB-009 and 68.31, 85.43, 38.97 and 62.85 mg/g for PAB-031, respectively (pH = 5.0 ± 0.1, T = 25 °C), according to the parameters of the Langmuir model. Moreover, ionic strength had negligible influences or slight promoting effects, while humic acid exhibited positive effects on the removal of heavy metals. Further, PABs were stable and displayed excellent reusability. Characterization techniques of FTIR and XPS revealed that surface complexation, ion exchange, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction were the main mechanisms involved in the biosorption process. In summary, the biosorbent PABs possessed high biosorption performance with excellent reusability, and which hold the great application prospect in the treatment of heavy metal contaminated water.

Copper(II) ions removal from model galvanic wastewater by green one-pot synthesised amino-hypophosphite polyampholyte

The amino-hypophosphite polyampholyte (AHP) obtained from cheap and safe building blocks lacks a typical ion-scavenger matrix derived from crude-oil intermediates like poly(divinylbenzene), which is an advantage to commercial solutions. AHP is characterised by sorption capacity comparable to some ion scavengers available on the market, as it was found that its maximum capacity in the temperature range from 298 K to 328 K varies between 114 and 146 mg Cu(II) g^-1 of dry AHP. The possible application of the AHP in the Cu(II) removal process from galvanic effluent was investigated. The results show that it is possible to achieve a good removal rate for model wastewater. The inlet Cu²⁺ concentrations of model wastewater were 6.4 mg Cu(II) dm^-3 and 36,2 mg Cu(II) dm^-3, acidic and basic galvanic wastewater respectively. After the removal process concentrations were lowered to 1.3 mg Cu(II) dm^-3 and 5.1 mg Cu(II) dm^-3, for acidic and basic galvanic wastewater respectively. It was found that the presence of Ca(II) and Na(I) did not significantly influence the Cu(II) removal process. The obtained results indicate that the prepared more environmentally safe ion scavenger can be applicable in a wide range of metal ion removal processes.

Phytosynthesis of Co3O4 Nanoparticles as the High Energy Storage Material of an Activated Carbon/Co3O4 Symmetric Supercapacitor Device with Excellent Cyclic Stability Based on a Na2SO4 Aqueous Electrolyte

The benign preparation of cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co₃O₄-NPs) was performed using marine red algae extract (Grateloupia sparsa) as a simple, cost-effective, scalable, and one-pot hydrothermal technique. The nominated extract was employed as an environmental reductant and stabilizing agent. The resultant product showed the typical peak of Co₃O₄-NPs around 400 nm wavelength as ascertained by UV-vis spectroscopy. Size and morphological techniques combined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed the small size of Co₃O₄-NPs deformed in a spherical shape. The activated carbon (AC) electrode and Co₃O₄-NP electrode delivered a specific capacitance (C _sp) of 125 and 182 F g^-1 at 1 A g^-1, respectively. The energy density of the AC and AC/Co₃O₄ electrodes with a power density of 543.44 and 585 W kg^-1 was equal to 17.36 and 25.27 Wh kg^-1, respectively. The capacitance retention of designed electrodes was 99.2 and 99.5% after 3000 cycles. Additionally, a symmetric AC/Co₃O₄//AC/Co₃O₄ supercapacitor device had a specific capacitance (C _sp) of 125 F g^-1 and a high energy density of 55 Wh kg^-1 at a power density of 650 W kg^-1. Meanwhile, the symmetric device exhibited superior cyclic stability after 8000 cycles, with a capacitance retention of 93.75%. Overall, the adopted circular criteria, employed to use green technology to avoid noxious chemicals, make the AC/Co₃O₄ nanocomposite an easily accessible electrode for energy storage applications.

Efficacy of green waste-derived biochar for lead removal from aqueous systems: Characterization, equilibrium, kinetic and application

The removal of toxic metals from the aquatic ecosystem is one of the most pressing environmental and public health concerns today. A strong potential has recently emerged for the removal of such metals using biochar sorbents. Biosorption technology could make a significant difference in the future. It is a viable and cost-effective alternative to the remediation of toxic pollutants utilizing various biomaterials. In the current study, batch and fixed-bed studies were performed to evaluate the performance of Capsicum annuum L. seeds biochar (CASB) as an alternative material in removing toxic Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. Removal characteristics were investigated by considering the equilibrium and kinetic aspects. Biosorption equilibrium was established within 40 min. The optimum dosage of CASB for Pb(II) removal was determined as 2.0 g L^-1. Biosorption data were well predicted by a non-linear Langmuir isotherm model. Monolayer biosorption occurred for CASB with a maximum capacity of 36.43 mg g^-1. Biosorption kinetics fitted well with a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The external mass transfer may control Pb(II) transport mechanism. Dynamic flow mode biosorption and regeneration potential of CASB were also examined. The application of CASB exhibited a 100% removal yield in real apple juice samples spiked with low concentrations of Pb(II). Exhausted points for the CASB packed columns were recorded as 195 and 320 min for simulated wastewater (SW) and synthetic Pb(II) solution, respectively. FTIR, BET, SEM-EDX analysis, and zeta potential measurements were used for the characterization of biochar and assessment of the metal ion-biosorbent interaction mechanism. Finally, our study provides a practical approach for the uptake of Pb(II) ions from contaminated solutions.

Efficient Adsorption of Tetracycline from Aqueous Solutions by Modified Alginate Beads after the Removal of Cu(II) Ions

This work dealt with a potential and effective method to reuse modified alginate beads after the removal of Cu(II) ions for efficient adsorption of tetracycline (TC) from aqueous solutions. The modified alginate beads were fabricated by a polyacrylamide (PAM) network interpenetrated in alginate-Ca2+ network (PAM/CA) decorated with polyethylene glycol as a pore-forming agent. The porous PAM/CA was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The adsorption kinetics, isotherms, adsorption stability, and reusability studies of the adsorbent toward Cu(II) ions were scrutinized. The column performance of porous PAM/CA was tested with Cu(II)-containing electroplating wastewater. After Cu(II) adsorption, the Cu(II)-adsorbed PAM/CA (PAM/CA@Cu) was applied to remove TC from aqueous solutions without any regeneration process. The effects of pH, initial TC concentration, ionic strength, and coexisting ions on the adsorption were also discussed in detail. Compared with many reported adsorbents, the PAM/CA@Cu exhibited an excellent adsorption performance toward TC with a maximum adsorption capacity of 356.57 mg/g predicted by the Langmuir model at pH 5.0 and 30 °C with the absence of coexisting ions. The possible adsorption mechanism of TC onto the PAM/CA@Cu was revealed.

Simultaneous bioremediation of cationic copper ions and anionic methyl orange azo dye by brown marine alga Fucus vesiculosus

Textile wastewater contains large quantities of azo dyes mixed with various contaminants especially heavy metal ions. The discharge of effluents containing methyl orange (MO) dye and Cu2+ ions into water is harmful because they have severe toxic effects to humans and the aquatic ecosystem. The dried algal biomass was used as a sustainable, cost-effective and eco-friendly for the treatment of the textile wastewater. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to identify the most significant factors for achieving maximum biosorption of Cu2+ and MO from aqueous solutions using marine alga Fucus vesiculosus biomass. The experimental results indicated that 3 g/L of F. vesiculosus biomass was capable of removing 92.76% of copper and 50.27% of MO simultaneously from aqueous solution using MO (60 mg/L), copper (200 mg/L) at pH 7 within 60 min with agitation at 200 rpm. The dry biomass was also investigated using SEM, EDS, and FTIR before and after MO and copper biosorption. FTIR, EDS and SEM analyses revealed obvious changes in the characteristics of the algal biomass as a result of the biosorption process. The dry biomass of F. vesiculosus can eliminate MO and copper ions from aquatic effluents in a feasible and efficient method.

Physical Properties, Chemical Analysis, and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Response of New Polylactide/Alginate/Copper Composite Materials

In recent years, due to an expansion of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, there has been growing interest in biodegradable and antibacterial polymers that can be used in selected biomedical applications. The present work describes the synthesis of antimicrobial polylactide-copper alginate (PLA-ALG-Cu2+) composite fibers and their characterization. The composites were prepared by immersing PLA fibers in aqueous solution of sodium alginate, followed by ionic cross-linking of alginate chains within the polylactide fibers with Cu(II) ions to yield PLA-ALG-Cu2+ composite fibers. The composites, so prepared, were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV/VIS transmittance and attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy ATR-FTIR, and by determination of their specific surface area (SSA), total/average pore volumes (through application of the 5-point Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (BET)), and ability to block UV radiation (determination of the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of samples). The composites were also subjected to in vitro antimicrobial activity evaluation tests against colonies of Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria and antifungal susceptibility tests against Aspergillus niger and Chaetomium globosum fungal mold species. All the results obtained in this work showed that the obtained composites were promising materials to be used as an antimicrobial wound dressing.

Preparation of RGO and Anionic Polyacrylamide Composites for Removal of Pb(II) in Aqueous Solution

Graphene oxide (GO) have been reported as adsorbent materials, because its surface contains a large number of oxygen-containing groups, which provide masses of active sites. Nevertheless, it is difficult to separate GO from aqueous solution by conventional means after the end of the adsorption process. Therefore, ethylene diamine-reduced graphene oxide/anionic polyacrylamide (E-RGO/APAM), with a large quantity of adsorption sites and strong flocculation was prepared in this study. The composite E-RGO/APAM was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), laser Raman spectrometer (IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM). The obtained results indicated that amino groups were successfully introduced into GO. Particle size test showed that the particle size of E-RGO/APAM is up to three micrometers, which can be separated from the water by conventional means, such as filtration and centrifugation, to avoid secondary pollution. The efficiency of E-RGO/APAM for removing Pb(II) was tested. The results showed that the process of adsorption of Pb(II) by E-RGO/APAM can be fitted by pseudo second order kinetic equation, indicating that the adsorption rate of the adsorbent depends on the chemisorption process, and the theoretical maximum adsorption amount of E-RGO/APAM is 400.8 mg/g. Based on these results, it can be stated that E-RGO/APAM is effective in the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions, and provides a new method for the removal of heavy metal ions from industrial wastewater.