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Itzhari D, Shuai W, Hartmann EM, Ronen Z. Heterogeneous Antibiotic Resistance Gene Removal Impedes Evaluation of Constructed Wetlands for Effective Greywater Treatment. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:315. [PMID: 38666991 PMCID: PMC11047525 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms carrying antimicrobial resistance genes are often found in greywater. As the reuse of greywater becomes increasingly needed, it is imperative to determine how greywater treatment impacts antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Using qPCR and SmartChip™ qPCR, we characterized ARG patterns in greywater microbial communities before, during, and after treatment by a recirculating vertical flow constructed wetland. In parallel, we examined the impact of greywater-treated irrigation on soil, including the occurrence of emerging micropollutants and the taxonomic and ARG compositions of microbial communities. Most ARGs in raw greywater are removed efficiently during the winter season, while some ARGs in the effluents increase in summer. SmartChip™ qPCR revealed the presence of ARGs, such as tetracycline and beta-lactam resistance genes, in both raw and treated greywater, but most abundantly in the filter bed. It also showed that aminoglycoside and vancomycin gene abundances significantly increased after treatment. In the irrigated soil, the type of water (potable or treated greywater) had no specific impact on the total bacterial abundance (16S rRNA gene). No overlapping ARGs were found between treated greywater and greywater-irrigated soil. This study indicates ARG abundance and richness increased after treatment, possibly due to the concentration effects of the filter beds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Itzhari
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba 8499000, Israel;
| | - Weitao Shuai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; (W.S.); (E.M.H.)
| | - Erica M. Hartmann
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; (W.S.); (E.M.H.)
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Zeev Ronen
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba 8499000, Israel;
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Monsalves N, Leiva AM, Gómez G, Vidal G. Organic Compounds and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Behavior in Greywater Treated by a Constructed Wetland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2305. [PMID: 36767672 PMCID: PMC9916033 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Laundry greywater is considered as an alternative source of non-potable water, as it is discharged in approximately 70% of homes. Because this water contains compounds such as biodegradable and recalcitrant organic matter, surfactants, and microbiological compounds, it must be treated prior to reuse. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the behavior of organic matter and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in greywater treated by a constructed wetland (CW). The results show that the organic matter removal efficiencies were 67.19%, 50.15%, and 63.57% for biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC), respectively; these efficiencies were not significant (p > 0.05). In addition, the CW allows the distribution of TOC and ionic compounds in the fractions below 1000 Da to increase by 5.03% and 13.05%, respectively. Meanwhile, the treatment of microbiological compounds generated non-significant removals (p > 0.05), along with increases in bacteria resistant to the antibiotics ciprofloxacin (CIP) and ceftriaxone (CTX) of 36.34%, and 40.79%, respectively. In addition, a strong association between ARB to CIP, CTX, cationic and non-ionic surfactants was determined, indicating the role of surfactants in ARB selection. It is suggested that disinfection systems should be employed prior to the reuse of the treated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Monsalves
- Environmental Engineering & Biotechnology Group (GIBA-UDEC), Environmental Science Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Water Research Center for Agriculture and Mining (CRHIAM), ANID Fondap Center, Victoria 1295, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Ana María Leiva
- Environmental Engineering & Biotechnology Group (GIBA-UDEC), Environmental Science Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Water Research Center for Agriculture and Mining (CRHIAM), ANID Fondap Center, Victoria 1295, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Gloria Gómez
- Environmental Engineering & Biotechnology Group (GIBA-UDEC), Environmental Science Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Water Research Center for Agriculture and Mining (CRHIAM), ANID Fondap Center, Victoria 1295, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Gladys Vidal
- Environmental Engineering & Biotechnology Group (GIBA-UDEC), Environmental Science Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Water Research Center for Agriculture and Mining (CRHIAM), ANID Fondap Center, Victoria 1295, Concepción 4030000, Chile
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Jang J, Park J, Hwang CY, Choi J, Shin J, Kim YM, Cho KH, Kim JH, Lee YM, Lee BY. Abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities in the western Pacific and Southern Oceans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153360. [PMID: 35085628 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the composition of bacterial communities along a transect covering the western Pacific Ocean (36°N) to the Southern Ocean (74°S) using the Korean icebreaker R/V Araon (total cruise distance: 14,942 km). The relative abundances of ARGs and bacteria were assessed with quantitative PCR and next generation sequencing, respectively. The absolute abundance of ARGs was 3.0 × 106 ± 1.6 × 106 copies/mL in the western Pacific Ocean, with the highest value (7.8 × 106 copies/mL) recorded at a station in the Tasman Sea (37°S). The absolute abundance of ARGs in the Southern Ocean was 1.8-fold lower than that in the western Pacific Ocean, and slightly increased (0.7-fold) toward Terra Nova Bay in Antarctica, possibly resulting from natural terrestrial sources or human activity. β-Lactam and tetracycline resistance genes were dominant in all samples (88-99%), indicating that they are likely the key ARGs in the ocean. Correlation and network analysis showed that Bdellovibrionota, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Margulisbacteria, and Proteobacteria were positively correlated with ARGs, suggesting that these bacteria are the most likely ARG carriers. This study highlights the latitudinal profile of ARG distribution in the open ocean system and provides insights that will help in monitoring emerging pollutants on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyi Jang
- Korea Polar Research Institute, 26, Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, South Korea; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50, UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Jiyeon Park
- Korea Polar Research Institute, 26, Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, South Korea.
| | - Chung Yeon Hwang
- Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jinhee Choi
- Korea Polar Research Institute, 26, Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, South Korea
| | - Jingyeong Shin
- Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Young Mo Kim
- Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Cho
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50, UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Korea Polar Research Institute, 26, Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, South Korea
| | - Yung Mi Lee
- Korea Polar Research Institute, 26, Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, South Korea
| | - Bang Yong Lee
- Korea Polar Research Institute, 26, Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, South Korea
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Occurrence of Antibiotic-Resistant Genes and Bacteria in Household Greywater Treated in Constructed Wetlands. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14050758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing body of knowledge on the persistence of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in greywater and greywater treatment systems such as constructed wetlands (CWs). Our research quantified ARGs (sul1, qnrS, and blaCTXM32), class one integron (intI1), and bacterial marker (16S) in four recirculating vertical flow CWs in a small community in the Negev desert, Israel, using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The greywater microbial community was characterized using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Results show that CWs can reduce ARG in greywater by 1–3 log, depending on the gene and the quality of the raw greywater. Community sequencing results showed that the bacterial community composition was not significantly altered after treatment and that Proteobacteria, Epsilonbacteraeota, and Bacteroidetes were the most dominant phyla before and after treatment. Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, and Aeromonas were the most commonly identified genera of the extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) colonies. Some of the ESBL bacteria identified have been linked to clinical infections (Acinetobacter nosocomialis, Pseudomonas fulva, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas monteilii, and Roseomonas cervicalis). It is important to monitor intI1 for the potential transfer of ARGs to pathogenic bacteria.
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Interplay between Phenotypic Resistance to Relevant Antibiotics in Gram-Negative Urinary Pathogens: A Data-Driven Analysis of 10 Years' Worth of Antibiogram Data. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101059. [PMID: 34685429 PMCID: PMC8537761 DOI: 10.3390/life11101059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The global emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a critical issue for clinicians, as it puts the decades of developments in the medical field in jeopardy, by severely limiting the useful therapeutic arsenal of drugs, both in nosocomial and community-acquired infections. In the present study, a secondary analysis of taxonomic and resistance data was performed, corresponding to urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Gram-negative bacteria, detected between 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2017 at the Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center, University of Szeged. The following were identifiable from the data collected: year of isolation; outpatient (OP)/inpatient (IP) origin of the isolate; taxonomy; and susceptibility/resistance to selected indicator antibiotics. Principal component analysis (PCA) and a correlation matrix were used to determine the association between the presences of resistance against indicator antibiotics in each taxonomic group. Overall, data from n = 16,240 outpatient and n = 13,964 inpatient Gram-negative UTI isolates were included in the data analyses. In E. coli, strong positive correlations were seen between resistance to ciprofloxacin (CIP) and gentamicin (GEN) resistance (OP: r = 0.6342, p = 0.049; IP: r = 0.9602, p < 0.001), whereas strong negative correlations were shown for fosfomycin (FOS) and nitrofurantoin (NIT) resistance (OP: r = -0.7183, p = 0.019; IP: r = -0.7437; p = 0.014). For Klebsiella spp. isolates, CIP resistance showed strong positive correlation with resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (3GC) and GEN (r = 0.7976, p = 0.006 and r = 0.7428, p = 0.014, respectively) in OP isolates, and with resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) and FOS (r = 0.8144, p = 0.004 and r = 0.7758, p < 0.001, respectively) in IP isolates. For members of the Citrobacter-Enterobacter-Serratia group, the resistance among indicator antibiotics showed a strong positive correlation, with the exception of FOS resistance. In the Proteus-Providencia-Morganella group, the strongest association was noted between CIP and SXT resistance (OP: r = 0.9251, p < 0.001; IP: r = 0.8007; p = 0.005). In the case of OP Acinetobacter spp., CIP showed strong and significant positive correlations with most indicator antibiotics, whereas for IP isolates, strong negative correlations arose among imipenem (IMI) resistance and resistance to other drugs. For Pseudomonas spp., strong and positive correlations were noted among resistance to β-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides, with the exception of ceftazidime (CEFT), showing strong, but negative correlations. Though molecular tests and sequencing-based platforms are now considered as the gold-standard for AMR surveillance, standardized collection of phenotypic resistance data and the introduction of Big Data analytic methods may be a viable alternative for molecular surveillance, especially in low-resource settings.
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Disha AS, Harun MAYA, Akter S, Billah SM, Noman MAA. Reusing greywater for cultivation of Capsicum frutescens and Calendula officinalis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 272:111088. [PMID: 32854891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of greywater application for home yard gardening. Greywater was collected and treated using screening, sedimentation and solar disinfection methods. Finally, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of untreated and treated greywater on a selected vegetable, Capsicum frutescens and flowering plant, Calendula officinalis for 2 months. The findings depicted that untreated greywater contains higher macro-nutrients with excessive bacterial population compared with tap water (control), however, the treatment process reduced the concentration of most of the unwanted parameters from greywater samples to bring them into irrigation standards. Overall, treated greywater irrigation showed the species-specific impact on experimental plants with more stimulation in Capsicum frutescens species compared with tap water irrigation. Both treated and untreated greywater irrigation increased the growth parameters of Calendula officinalis in comparison with control. The impact was not significant for most of the parameters of Calendula officinalis while compared between greywater (treated and untreated) and control, and between treated and untreated greywater irrigation. Treated greywater irrigation significantly stimulated most of the parameters of Capsicum frutescens while untreated greywater increased only moisture content, and number of branches compared with control. Most interestingly, treated greywater irrigation had significant impact on Capsicum frutescens particularly for number of branches and leaves compared with untreated greywater irrigation. In fine, the greywater, after treatment was bacterially safe and had positive impact on plant growth. The findings of this study will help to conserve irrigation water and to protect and manage aquatic ecosystem from the adverse impact of wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Safia Disha
- Environmental Science Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh.
| | | | - Shubarna Akter
- Environmental Science Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh.
| | - Sharif Mutasim Billah
- Environmental Science Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Abdullah-Al- Noman
- Environmental Science Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh.
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