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Sari T, Akgul D, Mertoglu B. Enhancement of hydrazine accumulation in anammox bioreactors. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142293. [PMID: 38723689 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The role of hydrazine (N2H4) in anammox metabolism has been widely studied; however, studies on N2H4 biosynthesis by anammox bacteria are limited in the literature. In this context, the current research aims to investigate the enhancement of biological N2H4 production in the anammox process in a long-term manner. The experimental studies started with the optimization of the operating conditions to achieve maximum N2H4 accumulation. Under favorable conditions (pH = 8.97 ± 0.08; T = 35.5 ± 0.5 °C; initial hydroxylamine dose = 1.46 ± 0.01 mM), 17.16 ± 0.64 mg L-1 of N2H4 accumulated in the batch systems. The continuity of N2H4 bioproduction was then evaluated by long-term observations. A continuous flow bioreactor was operated in four consecutive manipulated periods under optimized conditions. In the long-term operated bioreactor, 55.10 ± 0.30 mg L-1 N2H4 was accumulated at optimal conditions, which was 2.5 times higher than reported in the literature. Although manipulation of the bioreactor operating conditions initially resulted in a significant increase in N2H4 bioaccumulation, it subsequently caused a severe deterioration in anammox activity. However, this could be mitigated by increasing the biomass concentration in the anammox systems. In addition, the relative abundance of Candidatus Kuenenia decreased by 1.88% throughout the long-term operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Sari
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Goztepe, 34722, Turkey
| | - Deniz Akgul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Goztepe, 34722, Turkey.
| | - Bulent Mertoglu
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Goztepe, 34722, Turkey
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2
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Wang S, Tian Y, Bi Y, Meng F, Qiu C, Yu J, Liu L, Zhao Y. Recovery strategies and mechanisms of anammox reaction following inhibition by environmental factors: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118824. [PMID: 38588911 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a promising biological method for treating nitrogen-rich, low-carbon wastewater. However, the application of anammox technology in actual engineering is easily limited by environmental factors. Considerable progress has been investigated in recent years in anammox restoration strategies, significantly addressing the challenge of poor reaction performance following inhibition. This review systematically outlines the strategies employed to recover anammox performance following inhibition by conventional environmental factors and emerging pollutants. Additionally, comprehensive summaries of strategies aimed at promoting anammox activity and enhancing nitrogen removal performance provide valuable insights into the current research landscape in this field. The review contributes to a comprehensive understanding of restoration strategies of anammox-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopo Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Tian
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanmeng Bi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China
| | - Fansheng Meng
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunsheng Qiu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjie Yu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingjie Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Franzoni RM, Bernardelli JKB, Silveira DD, Gomes SD, Lapolli FR, Carvalho KQD, Passig FH. Performance of an anaerobic-oxic-anoxic (AOA) system in the simultaneous removal of nutrients and triclosan and bacterial community. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:544-558. [PMID: 35980262 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2114859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The constant presence of triclosan (TCS) in surface water and wastewater has been verified due to its application in several pharmaceutical and personal care products. Thus, removing this emerging contaminant is essential to minimize the contamination of water bodies. The anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic (AOA) system is an innovative alternative that combines the removal of nutrients and triclosan. This study focuses on the simultaneous removal of carbonaceous matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and triclosan in a continuous pilot-scale AOA system from synthetic wastewater. The upflow system, in series, was operated at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8 h and a flowrate of 2.40 L h-1. Glucose (190 mg L-1) was added to the anoxic reactor as the external carbon source. Besides that, bacterial community structure was investigated using 16S rRNA sequencing in each reactor. The system achieved average removal efficiencies of 96% (14.03 g d-1) for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), 85% (2.64 g d-1) for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), 88% (1.40 g d-1) for Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN), 20% (0.12 g d-1) for Total Phosphorus (TP), and 93% (1.87 μg d-1) for Triclosan (TCS). The phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Chloroflexi were found in greater abundance. The main genera identified were Anaeromusa, Aeromonas, Azospira, Clostridium, and Lactococcus. The organisms related to phylum and genus corroborate the involved processes and the removal performance achieved. In addition, Lactococcus, Thermomonas, Ferruginibacter, and Dechloromonas were involved in triclosan biodegradation. The anaerobic-oxic-anoxic system successfully removed carbonaceous, nitrogenous matter, and triclosan, with glucose increasing the denitrifying activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruana Mendonça Franzoni
- Civil Engineering Graduate Program, The Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Daniele Damasceno Silveira
- Environmental Engineering Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina - Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Simone Damasceno Gomes
- Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program, Western Paraná State University (UNIOESTE/CCET/PGEAGRI), Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Flávio Rubens Lapolli
- Environmental Engineering Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina - Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Karina Querne de Carvalho
- Academic Department of Civil Construction, The Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Fernando Hermes Passig
- Chemistry and Biology Academic Department, The Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
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Ma X, Feng ZT, Zhou JM, Sun YJ, Zhang QQ. Regulation mechanism of hydrazine and hydroxylamine in nitrogen removal processes: A Comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 347:140670. [PMID: 37951396 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
As the new fashioned nitrogen removal process, short-cut nitrification and denitrification (SHARON) process, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process, completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process, partial nitrification and anammox (PN/A) process and partial denitrification and anammox (PD/A) process entered into the public eye due to its advantages of high nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) and low energy consumption. However, the above process also be limited by long-term start-up time, unstable operation, complicated process regulation and so on. As intermediates or by-metabolites of functional microorganisms in above processes, hydroxylamine (NH2OH) and hydrazine (N2H4) improved NRE of the above processes by promoting functional enzyme activity, accelerating electron transport efficiency and regulating distribution of microbial communities. Therefore, this review discussed effects of NH2OH and N2H4 on stability and NRE of above processes, analyzed regulatory mechanism from functional enzyme activity, electron transport efficiency and microbial community distribution. Finally, the challenges and limitations for nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) produced from regulation of NH2OH and N2H4 are discussed. In additional, perspectives on future trends in technology development are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Ze-Tong Feng
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Jia-Min Zhou
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Ying-Jun Sun
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China.
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Mehrabi S, Houweling D, Dagnew M. MABR process development downstream of a carbon redirection unit: opportunities and challenges in nitrogen removal processes. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:4084-4097. [PMID: 35603728 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2079998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTCarbon redirection has become the desired option for sustainable and energy-efficient wastewater treatment due to its contribution to a circular economy. However, its impact on downstream processes such as nitrification and denitrification requires further investigation. This research characterizes the nitrogen removal performance, footprint, aeration mode, and microbial composition of a flow-through membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) downstream of a chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) carbon redirection unit. The batch and long-term studies demonstrated relatively higher nitrification rates than those reported using conventional primary treated wastewaters. The results indicated that reducing carbon in the liquid train positively impacted nitrification by achieving 87 ± 12% (1.4 ± 0.4 g/m2.d) ammonia removal with an effluent 2.5 ± 2.8 mg/L ammonia concentration at a short hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2.5 h. Despite the lower (1.9 ± 1) soluble COD:N, up to 75 ± 25% (0.6 ± 0.4 g/m2.d) total nitrogen removal was achieved at 4 h HRT by implementing intermittent aeration. The batch tests using the developed biofilms showed nitrification (denitrification) capacity up to 11 ± 1.7 gNH4-N/m2.d (8.5 ± 0.5 gNO3-N/m2.d) and 2.7 ± 0.6 gNH4-N/m2.d (2 ± 0.3 gNO3-N/m2.d) corresponding to ammonia and nitrate concentrations ranging from 10-30 mg/L and 2-10 mg/L, respectively. Microbial analysis indicated that the nitrifiers such as Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira were the dominant species. The ammonia-oxidizing, nitrite-oxidizing, and denitrifying bacteria relative abundances were 10.3 ± 1.5%, 20.7 ± 1.7%, and 20.0 ± 2.8% under continuous aeration and 1.3 ± 0.07%, 1.8 ± 0.09%, and 40.5 ± 3.1% under intermittent aeration, supporting the observed ammonia and total nitrogen removal processes, respectively. Overall, the results demonstrated that MABR downstream of the CEPT behave differently; thus, design guides should be updated accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Mehrabi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, London, Canada
| | | | - Martha Dagnew
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, London, Canada
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Almeida JCR, Bega JMM, Leite LDS, de Oliveira JN, Albertin LL, Matsumoto T. Membrane aerated biofilm reactor in recirculating aquaculture system for effluent treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:4071-4083. [PMID: 35574689 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2078674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of fish farming has been increasing worldwide over the last decades, as well the search for alternative production systems and the treatment of their generated effluent. Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) is a compact solution for future intensive fish farming. However, few configurations of treatment technologies were tested in RAS, such as systems with a Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactor (MABR). In this scene, this study aimed to evaluate the RAS effluent treatment efficiency device for intensive Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) production, the fish species most cultivated worldwide. The novel RAS configuration was composed of a cultivation tank (CT), a Column Settler, and a MABR. The RAS performance was evaluated by pH, temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, total solids (TS), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The obtained results in average values for temperature, pH, and DO inside the CT were 25.22 ± 1.88°C, 7.61 ± 0.33, and 3.80 ± 1.30 mg L-1, respectively, as ideal for tilapias survival. Average removal efficiencies found in the RAS for turbidity, COD, TN, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, and TS were 50.0, 40.5, 11.7, 40.2, 13.1, 35.0, and 11.4%, respectively. Overall, we observed removals for all parameters studied, with good results, particularly, for COD, turbidity, nitrite, and ammonia. The evaluated system proved an effective alternative for water reuse in RAS capable of maintaining water quality characteristics within the recommended values for fish farming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luan de Souza Leite
- Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tsunao Matsumoto
- Ilha Solteira School of Engineering, São Paulo State University, Ilha Solteira, Brazil
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Li L, Bian D, Wang Q, Xue C, Zhang Q, Zhang SM. Performance of anammox enchanced by pulsed electric fields under added organic carbon sources using integrated network and metagenomics analyses. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 380:129116. [PMID: 37137447 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the function of a pulsed electric field (PEF) in the anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process after adding certain chemical oxygen demand (COD) through integrated network and metagenomics analyses. The findings showed that the presence of COD was detrimental to anammox, but PEF could significantly reduce the adverse effect. The total nitrogen removal in the reactor for applying PEF was 16.99% higher on average than the reactor for only dosing COD. Additionally, PEF upgraded the abundance of anammox bacteria subordinate to the phylum Planctomycetes by 9.64%. The analysis of molecular ecological networks promulgated that PEF resulted in an increase in network scale and topology complexity, thereby boosting the potential collaboration of the communities. Metagenomics analyses demonstrated that PEF dramatically promoted anammox central metabolism in the presence of COD, specifically enhancing pivotal N functional genes (hzs, hdh, amo, hao, nas, nor and nos).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- College of Resources & Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
| | - Di Bian
- College of Resources & Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China.
| | - Qichun Wang
- College of Resources & Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
| | - ChengYao Xue
- College of Resources & Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
| | - Qiuying Zhang
- College of Resources & Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
| | - Shi Meng Zhang
- College of Resources & Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
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Cheng Q, Liu Z, Huang Y, Feng S, Du E, Peng M, Zhang J. Advanced nitrogen removal performance and microbial community structure of a lab-scale denitrifying filter with in-situ formation of biogenic manganese oxides. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 331:117299. [PMID: 36642053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Advanced nitrogen removal faces the challenges of high operational cost resulted from the additional carbon source and secondary pollution caused by inaccurate carbon source dosage in municipal wastewater. To address these problems, a novel carbon source was developed, which was the oxidation products of refractory organic matters in the secondary effluent of municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWWTP) by in-situ generated biogenic manganese oxides (BMOs) in the denitrifying filter. In the steady phase, the effluent chemical oxygen demand (CODcr), NO3--N and total nitrogen (TN) in the denitrifying filter 2# with BMOs was 11.27, 9.03 and 10.36 mg/L, and the corresponding removal efficiency was 54.79%, 51.85% and 48.03%, respectively, which was significantly higher than those in the control denitrifying filter 1# that the removal efficiency of CODcr, NO3--N and TN was only 32.30%, 28.58% and 29.36%, respectively. Kinds of denitrifying bacteria (Candidatus Competibacter, Defluviicoccus, Dechloromonas, Candidatus Competibacter, Dechloromonas, Pseudomonas, Thauera, Acinetobacter, Denitratisoma, Anaerolineae and Denitratisoma) and anammox bacteria (Pirellula, Gemmata, Anammoximicrobium and Brocadia) were identified in the denitrifying filters 1# and 2#, which explained why the actual CODcr consumption (1.55 and 1.44 mg) of reducing 1 mg NO3--N was much lower than the theoretical CODcr consumption. While manganese oxidizing bacteria (MnOB, Bacillus, Crenothrix and Pedomicrobium) was only identified in the denitrifying filter 2#. This novel technology presented the advantages of no additional carbon source, low operational cost and no secondary pollution. Therefore, the novel technology has superlative application value and broad application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Cheng
- School of Urban Construction, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, PR China.
| | - Zongyang Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, PR China
| | - Yang Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, PR China
| | - Shanshan Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Erdeng Du
- School of Urban Construction, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Mingguo Peng
- School of Urban Construction, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
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Zhu W, Chen J, Zhang H, Yuan S, Guo W, Zhang Q, Zhang S. Start-up phase optimization of pyrite-intensified hybrid sequencing batch biofilm reactor (PIHSBBR): Mixotrophic denitrification performance and mechanism. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 330:117232. [PMID: 36610197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pyrite-based autotrophic denitrification (PAD) is an emerging biological process to diminish nitrate pollution, but the relatively low NO3--N removal rate limits its practical application. In this research, a pyrite-intensified hybrid sequencing batch biofilm reactor (PIHSBBR) was designed to treat low C/N ratio domestic wastewater. The results showed that PIHSBBR could achieve optimal removal of COD, NH4+-N, and TN under the aeration rate of 1.0 L/L∙min and the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8 h, with removal rates of 69.67 ± 4.37%, 77.04 ± 4.84%, and 63.92 ± 6.66%, respectively. The PAD efficiency in PIHSBBR during the stable operation was not high (13.05-31.01%), and the main nitrogen removal pathway in PIHSBBR, especially in the aerobic zone, was simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND). High-throughput sequencing analysis unraveled that Planctomycetota (3.65%) had a high abundance in the anoxic zone of PIHSBBR, implying that anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) might have occurred in the anoxic zone. In addition, the nitrogen cycle function gene with the highest abundance was nirBD, indicating the possible presence of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) within the system (aerobic and anoxic zones). Our research can provide useful information for the improvement and future application of PIHSBBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hongjun Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Sicheng Yuan
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Weijie Guo
- Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shiyang Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Abdulgader M, Yu QJ, Zinatizadeh AA, Williams P, Rahimi Z. Treatment capacity of a novel flexible fibre biofilm bioreactor treating high-strength milk processing wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:1001-1017. [PMID: 34635010 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1992509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study was focused on the capacity investigation of a novel multistage flexible fibre biofilm reactor (MS-FFBR) to treat milk processing wastewater (MPW) with high organic loading (OLR). The MS-FFBR performance was evaluated at four intermediate stages separately, and also the final effluent quality of the overall system with an influent chemical oxygen demand (CODin) ranged from 1500 ± 20 to 6000 ± 50 mg/L and hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 8, 12, and 16 h. By comparting the bioreactors into the four stages effectively enhanced the bioreactor's performance. The maximum TCOD removal efficiency was achieved at the first stage, which was about 89 ± 20, 82 ± 20, and 78 ± 20% at HRTs of 16, 12, 8 h, and low CODin of 1600 ± 20, 1590 ± 20, and 1673 ± 20 mg/L, respectively. However, the first stage had less contribution to TCOD removal at high CODin concentrations, reported to be about 42 ± 4%, 46 ± 4%, and 25 ± 4% at CODin of 5960 ± 40, 5830 ± 40, and 5870 ± 40 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the MS-FFBR was effective in removing total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity. The bioreactor has reduced the effluent turbidity to 9.0 ± 0.2, 20.0 ± 0.6, and 16.1 ± 0.5 NTU at low CODin concentrations of 1600 ± 20, 1590 ± 20, and 1670 ± 20 mg/L and HRTs of 16, 12, and 8 h, respectively. The bioreactor revealed a high COD removal rate increased from 2.3 ± 0.1 to 12.2 ± 0.4 kg TCOD/m3d by increasing the OLR from 2.4 ± 0.1 to 17.6 ± 0.4 kg TCOD/m3d, confirming high reactor capacity for treatment of high-strength wastewater. Kinetic studies confirmed that the biomass yield was low at various HRTs ranging from 0.1 to 0.2 gVSS/gCOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdulgader
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Sebha University, Sabha, Libya
| | - Qiming Jimmy Yu
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ali Akbar Zinatizadeh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
- Environmental Research Center (ERC), Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Philip Williams
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Zahra Rahimi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Jeong S, Kim J, Direstiyani LC, Kim Y, Yu J, Lee T. Long-term adaptation of two anammox granules with different ratios of Candidatus Brocadia and Candidatus Jettenia under increasing salinity and their application to treat saline wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160494. [PMID: 36442633 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen removal in saline wastewater is a challenge of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process, which is dominated by freshwater anammox bacteria (FAB). Candidatus Brocadia and Candidatus Jettenia, the most widely used FABs, have been separately applied and evaluated for their ability to treat saline wastewater. To understand the effect of salinity on nitrogen removal capability when they present together in an anammox granule, we compared two anammox granules: GRN1 was evenly dominated by Ca. Brocadia (42 %) and Ca. Jettenia (43 %), while GRN2 was dominated with mostly Ca. Brocadia (90 %) and a small amount of Ca. Jettenia (1 %). Each granule was inoculated into a continuous column reactor to treat artificial wastewater containing 150 mg NH4+-N/L and 150 mg NO2--N/L under increasing saline conditions for 250 days. GRN1 showed superior and more stable nitrogen removal than GRN2 under saline conditions of up to 15 g NaCl/L. Under high-saline conditions, both the granules' sizes decreased (larger GRN1 than GRN2 in initial). The mass percent of Na salt increased (more in GRN2) and mineral contents decreased more in GRN1. High-throughput sequencing for microbial community analysis showed that Planctomycetes in GRN1 (85 %) and GRN2 (92 %) decreased to 14 % and 12 %, respectively. The ratio of Ca. Brocadia and Ca. Jettenia in GRN1 changed to 37 % and 63 %, respectively, whereas the ratio in GRN2 (99 % and 1 %, respectively) did not change. Both salt-adapted granules were applied to the two-stage partial nitritation and anammox (PN/A) process to treat high strength ammonium (400 mg/L) wastewater under high saline condition (15 g NaCl/L). The PN/A process containing GRN1 showed more stable nitrogen removal performance during approximately 100 days of operation. These results suggest that the anammox granules evenly dominated by two FABs, Ca. Brocadia and Ca. Jettenia, would be advantageous to treat high-strength NH4+ wastewater under high-saline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Jeong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmi Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Nakdong River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Daegu 43008, Republic of Korea
| | - Lucky Caesar Direstiyani
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Yeonju Kim
- Disaster Scientific Investigation Division, National Disaster Management Research Institute, Ulsan 44538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaecheul Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Cheenakula D, Griebel K, Montag D, Grömping M. Concept development of a mainstream deammonification and comparison with conventional process in terms of energy, performance and economical construction perspectives. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1155235. [PMID: 37113237 PMCID: PMC10126410 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1155235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Deammonification for nitrogen removal in municipal wastewater in temperate and cold climate zones is currently limited to the side stream of municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTP). This study developed a conceptual model of a mainstream deammonification plant, designed for 30,000 P.E., considering possible solutions corresponding to the challenging mainstream conditions in Germany. In addition, the energy-saving potential, nitrogen elimination performance and construction-related costs of mainstream deammonification were compared to a conventional plant model, having a single-stage activated sludge process with upstream denitrification. The results revealed that an additional treatment step by combining chemical precipitation and ultra-fine screening is advantageous prior the mainstream deammonification. Hereby chemical oxygen demand (COD) can be reduced by 80% so that the COD:N ratio can be reduced from 12 to 2.5. Laboratory experiments testing mainstream conditions of temperature (8-20°C), pH (6-9) and COD:N ratio (1-6) showed an achievable volumetric nitrogen removal rate (VNRR) of at least 50 gN/(m3∙d) for various deammonifying sludges from side stream deammonification systems in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, where m3 denotes reactor volume. Assuming a retained Norganic content of 0.0035 kgNorg./(P.E.∙d) from the daily loads of N at carbon removal stage and a VNRR of 50 gN/(m3∙d) under mainstream conditions, a resident-specific reactor volume of 0.115 m3/(P.E.) is required for mainstream deammonification. This is in the same order of magnitude as the conventional activated sludge process, i.e., 0.173 m3/(P.E.) for an MWWTP of size class of 4. The conventional plant model yielded a total specific electricity demand of 35 kWh/(P.E.∙a) for the operation of the whole MWWTP and an energy recovery potential of 15.8 kWh/(P.E.∙a) through anaerobic digestion. In contrast, the developed mainstream deammonification model plant would require only a 21.5 kWh/(P.E.∙a) energy demand and result in 24 kWh/(P.E.∙a) energy recovery potential, enabling the mainstream deammonification model plant to be self-sufficient. The retrofitting costs for the implementation of mainstream deammonification in existing conventional MWWTPs are nearly negligible as the existing units like activated sludge reactors, aerators and monitoring technology are reusable. However, the mainstream deammonification must meet the performance requirement of VNRR of about 50 gN/(m3∙d) in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraja Cheenakula
- Institute NOWUM-Energy, FH Aachen, University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Dheeraja Cheenakula,
| | - Kai Griebel
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - David Montag
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Grömping
- Institute NOWUM-Energy, FH Aachen, University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany
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13
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Sabba F, Farmer M, Barnard J, Dunlap P, Marroquin S, Giefer R, Budsberg D, Downing L. Enhancing resource recovery via cranberry syrup waste at the Wisconsin Rapids WRRF: An experimental and modeling study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 323:116190. [PMID: 36261961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Wisconsin Rapids Wastewater Treatment Plant (WRWWTP) is faced with a more stringent effluent phosphorus requirement that will drive capital investment between 2020 and 2025. The facility will need to achieve a monthly average value of 0.36 mg L-1 of total phosphorus (TP). While the facility has sufficient influent carbon to drive a conventional enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) configuration, the existing infrastructure makes the addition of influent selector zones cost prohibitive. Underutilized aeration basin capacity was repurposed for testing return activated sludge (RAS) fermentation. The WRWWTP began pilot testing of RAS fermentation in April 2021. The facility moved through a series of operational setpoints to optimize phosphorus removal in a sidestream RAS (SSR) configuration, including RAS diversion, decrease of DO in aeration basins and chemical dosing shutoff. One of the key implementations was the addition of cranberry syrup waste to provide additional carbon for RAS fermentation, converting the process to a SSR plus carbon (SSRC) configuration. By the end of the testing period, effluent total phosphorus was averaging less than 0.4 mg L-1 with no chemical addition. A model was developed in the SUMO platform and was used to capture orthophosphate trends during the testing period. The model investigated microbial population dynamics and found that the operational changes including RAS diversion, chemical dosing shutoff and cranberry syrup waste addition impacted the enrichment of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAO). After performing a sensitivity analysis on hydrolysis parameters, the predicted hydrolysis rate around 1.8-1.9 mg COD g VSS-1 hr-1 was found to match the batch rate testing data. This is the first study where cranberry syrup waste was used to successfully enhance EBPR performance, resulting in 90% TP removal. While further research is needed regarding the composition of the waste matrix and the microbial community composition, this expands the routes for resource recovery in the field of wastewater treatment.
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14
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Dong X, Huang Z, Peng X, Jia X. Advanced simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal for non-sterile wastewater through a novel coupled yeast-sludge system: Performance, microbial interaction, and mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136645. [PMID: 36183892 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel coupled yeast-sludge system (CYSS) was constructed by the yeast Candida sp. PNY integrated with activated sludge to treat non-sterile mainstream wastewater. After 240-day cultivation, compared with single activated sludge, simultaneous removal efficiency of total organic carbon (TOC), nitrogen and phosphorus increased by 19.5% (176.34 mg TOC g-1 d-1), 21.3% (11.25 mg TN g-1 d-1) and 15.0% (6.95 mg TP g-1 d-1), respectively, while the amount of sludge reduced by 50%. Amplicon sequencing analysis showed that the abundance of Nitrosomonas, Nitrospira, Zoogloea, Dechloromonas, and Candidatus Accumulibacter significantly decreased to 0% on Day 200. Abundance of nirS and nirK for denitrification significantly decreased in CYSS by quantitative PCR (qPCR), and the copies of nirS and nirK were 3.37-fold and 1.71-fold decrease from Day 0 to Day 240, respectively. The results of Fluorescence in situ hybridization and co-occurrence network showed that Candida sp. PNY predominated its distribution in CYSS, and strongly connected with environmental variables based on network analysis. Furthermore, this study reconstructed the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus metabolic pathways of the CYSS based on metagenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Dong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zidan Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xingxing Peng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Xiaoshan Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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15
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Guo K, Li W, Wang Y, Hao T, Mao F, Wang T, Yang Z, Chen X, Li J. Low strength wastewater anammox start-up and stable operation by inoculating sponge-iron sludge: Cooperation of biological iron and iron bacteria. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 322:116086. [PMID: 36041306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The application of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) technology in low-strength wastewater treatment still faces difficult in-situ start-ups and unstable operations. Sponge-iron sludge (R1) was used as a novel inoculum to provide a promising solution. Conventional activated sludge (R0) was used as the control. However, little is known about the feasibility and performance during the start-up and operation of Anammox combined with biological iron and iron bacteria in an iron sludge system. Anammox was successfully started both in R1 (87 days) and R0 (89 days) with a low-strength influent (with a nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 43.64 ± 0.41 g N/(m3⋅d)). During long-term operation, the R0 nevertheless produced higher nitrates (9.7 ± 0.1 mg/L) than expected. In contrast, R1 presented no excess nitrate production (2.1 ± 0.06 mg/L). The total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal efficiency increased from 78.2 ± 7.1% in R0 to 86.1 ± 4.3% in R1. The iron sludge in R1 was divided equally into three parts and three different nitrogen-feeding methods were used over the 34 days of operation, as follows: first using a mixture of ammonium (27.15 ± 1.0 mg/L) and nitrite (32.7 ± 1.7 mg/L), then only ammonium (27.15 ± 1.0 mg/L) and lastly only nitrite (32.7 ± 1.7 mg/L) as the influent. R1 was a coupled system composed of Anammox, Feammox, and NOx--dependent Fe(II) oxidation (NDFO). The contribution of Feammox and NDFO to TIN removal was 27.1 ± 1.2% and 31.9 ± 0.7%. However, Anammox was the primary nitrogen transformation pathway. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that iron hydroxide (Fe(OH)3) and iron oxide hydroxide (FeOOH) were generated in R1. The produced Fe(OH)3 and FeOOH were capable of participating in Feammox and formed a Fe(II)/Fe(III) cycle which further removed nitrogen. Therefore, a highly stable and impressive nitrogen removal performance was demonstrated in the iron sludge Anammox system under the cooperation of biological iron and iron bacteria. The study considered the enrichment of norank_c_OM190, Desulfuromonas, and Thiobacillus and their contribution to the Anammox, Feammox, and NDFO processes, respectively. This study provides a new perspective for the start-up and stable operation of low-strength wastewater Anammox engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehuan Guo
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Water Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100123, PR China
| | - Wenxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China.
| | - Yae Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
| | - Tongyao Hao
- Key Laboratory of Water Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100123, PR China
| | - Feijian Mao
- Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Te Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Zhenni Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Xinjuan Chen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
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16
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Chen J, Hai Y, Zhang W, Zhou X. Insights into deterioration and reactivation of a mainstream anammox biofilm reactor response to C/N ratio. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 320:115780. [PMID: 35944318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In-depth knowledge of the deterioration and reactivation of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) induced by carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) is still lacking. Herein, the anammox performance was investigated in an anaerobic sequence biofilm batch reactor fed with low-strength partial nitration effluent in the range of C/N ratio from 0.5 to 3. The anammox was hardly deteriorated at C/N lower than 1.5, while became worsen if C/N was above 2.0. The specific anammox activity (SAA) experiments showed an 85% decrease of SAA at C/N of 3.0 compared with the maximum value (C/N:0). However, anammox capacity was rapidly recovered once influent C/N was adjusted back to zero. Moreover, C/N also highly affected the composition, structure and function of extracellular polymeric substance of the anammox biofilm. High-throughput sequencing revealed a close correlation between C/N change and microbial structure shift. Finally, the potential inhibition and restoration mechanism of the C/N-dependent anammox were proposed based on metagenomic analysis. This research provides some insights into the reinstatement of a mainstream anammox biofilm process after it is interrupted by high C/N influent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabo Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China; Innovation Center for Postgraduate Education in Municipal Engineering of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, 030024, China; Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yan Hai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China; Innovation Center for Postgraduate Education in Municipal Engineering of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China; Innovation Center for Postgraduate Education in Municipal Engineering of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China; Innovation Center for Postgraduate Education in Municipal Engineering of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
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17
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Ji J, Luan Y, Zhu X, Sun P, Gao M, Zhao Y, Guo L, She Z, Jin C, Ding S, Zhang M. Insights into the response of anammox sludge to the combined stress of nickel and salinity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156670. [PMID: 35700780 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a promising technology applied to treat industrial wastewater, while the commonly coexistent heavy metals and salinity usually become a challenging issue to be addressed. In this study, the responses of anammox sludge in terms of performance, activity, functional enzyme and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) to the combined stress of Ni(II) and salinity (20 ‰) were investigated holistically. It turned out that low Ni(II) concentration (0.2 mg·L-1) together with salinity (20 ‰) showed an insignificant effect on the anammox performance, while a decreased nitrogen removal by 46.96 % was observed with the increased Ni(II) concentration to 1 mg·L-1. It should be pointed out that the anammox system exhibited good robustness evidenced by rapid recovery to achieve 89.13 % of nitrogen removal efficiency and 1.21 kg·m-3·d-1 of nitrogen removal rate after the elimination of stress factors within 40 days. Ni(II) concentration was revealed to play a more important role in the specific activity of anammox sludge. The functional enzymes related to nitrogen removal, e.g. nitrite reductase (NIR), hydrazine oxidase (HZO) and heme c were found to be inhibited by the combined stress of Ni(II) and salinity, with decreased activity by 49.54 %, 39.39 % and 45.88 %, respectively. However, the enzyme related to assimilation, e.g. alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and nitrate reductase (NAR) appeared to be enhanced. The EPS content was found to decrease by 55.19 % under the combined stress. Detailed analysis of 3D-EEM and FTIR spectra further revealed that the combined stress of Ni(II) and salinity could change both the quantity and composition of EPS in anammox sludge. These results are expected to offer insights into the combined effect of nickel and salinity on the anammox system, and benefit the application of anammox technology for industrial metal-rich saline wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyuan Ji
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Geology Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yaping Luan
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Geology Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Geology Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Pan Sun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengchun Gao
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Geology Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yangguo Zhao
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Geology Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Geology Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zonglian She
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Geology Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Chunji Jin
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Geology Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Shuang Ding
- China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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18
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Li Y, Yuan H, Cao L, Liu L, Yu H, Gao J, Zhang Y. Performance enhancement and population structure of denitrifying phosphorus removal system over redox mediator at low temperature. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 319:115748. [PMID: 35842988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organisms (DPAOs) presents a strategy to carbon competition between denitrifying bacteria and phosphorus removing bacteria. However, low temperature inhibits the rate of enzyme-catalyzed and substrate diffusion during denitrifying phosphorus removal (DPR). Therefore, the present study assessed the addition of NQS (100 μmol/L) for enhancing the removal of TP and TN in DPR reactors operated at alternating anaerobic and anoxic phases and different influent phosphate concentrations. The results showed that the removal efficiency of TP and TN in NQS-DPR system at 10 °C were 99.9% and 42.0%, respectively, which were 2.1 and 2.0 times higher than that of DPR system. Adding NQS significantly alleviated the increase of pH under anoxic condition and decreased the ORP value of the reactor, which in turn enhanced the PHAs accumulation process. The determination of functional genes (nirK, narG and phoD) showed that Dechloromonas, Lentimicrobium, and Terrimonas were the dominant functional bacteria in NQS-DPR system at 10 °C with the relative abundance of 3.09%, 2.99% and 2.28%, respectively. This study can provide valuable information for the effects of the addition of the redox mediator on denitrifying phosphorus removal technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanling Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hongying Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Lei Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, China; State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Lina Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hongbing Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, China
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Xiong H, Yang G, Shan X, Miao L. Unveiling the effect of acetate on the interactions of functional bacteria in an anammox biofilm system. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135408. [PMID: 35724713 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable organics make an important impact on anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) system. In this study, acetate was selected as a typical biodegradable organic, and its effect on the anammox biofilm system was comprehensively discussed from the macro and micro perspectives. Under a low influent concentration of acetate (<240 ± 10 mg/L), the best total nitrogen (TN) removal performance was 96%, but it decreased to 83% when the acetate concentration increased to 350 ± 20 mg/L. With the addition of acetate, the relative abundance of the family Brocadiaceae, which contains all known anammox bacteria, gradually increased from 7.97% to 12.79%, indicating that the presence of acetate promoted enrichment of anammox bacteria in the biofilm. Metagenomic analysis further demonstrated that an appropriate concentration of acetate helps to increase the abundances of the key enzymes related to nitrogen removal and enhance the metabolism of anammox and denitrification, thereby promoting the synergy of anammox and denitrifying bacteria. Hydrazine synthase (hzs), which is unique to the anammox process, was detected in association with the genera Candidatus Kuenenia, Candidatus Jettenia and Candidatus Brocadia, with its abundance increasing from 13268 (with no addition of acetate) to 19186 (with acetate addition of 240 ± 10 mg/L). This work provides a deeper understanding of the intrinsic interactions between functional bacteria in an anammox biofilm system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Gangqing Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xichang Shan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Lei Miao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
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20
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Shi T, Liu X, Xue Y, He F, Dang Y, Sun D. Enhancement of denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation via applied electric potential. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 318:115527. [PMID: 35759969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, single-chamber three-electrode electrochemical sequencing batch reactor (ESBR) was set up to investigate the impact of applying potential on denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation (DAMO) process. When the applied potential was +0.8 V, the conversion rate of nitrite to nitrogen was superior to those of other potentials. With the optimal potential of +0.8 V for 60 days, the nitrite removal rate of ESBR could reach 3.34 ± 0.28 mg N/L/d, which was 4.5 times more than that of the non-current control (0.74 ± 0.16 mg N/L/d). The DAMO functional bacteria Candidatus Methylomirabilis exhibited noticeable enrichment under applying potential, and its functional gene of pmoA was significantly expressed. Through untargeted LC-MS metabolomics analysis, applied potential was shown to affect the regulation of prior metabolites including spermidine, spermine and glycerophosphocholine that were related to the metabolic pathways of glycerophospholipid metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism, which had positive effects on DAMO process. These results show that applying electric potential could be a useful strategy in DAMO process used for methane and nitrogen removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjing Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinying Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yiting Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fang He
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yan Dang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dezhi Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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21
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Lu YZ, Han J, Zhang WJ, Sun J, Li X, Yang ZL, Yang JL, Li SP, Zhu GC. Influence of low air pressure on combined nitritation and anaerobic ammonium oxidation process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156556. [PMID: 35690210 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
At high altitude, wastewater aeration efficiency is low, which is detrimental to nitrification in conventional biological nitrogen removal. The combined partial nitritation and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (CPNA) process requires little oxygen and can be appropriate in low-pressure conditions. As such, in this study, we investigated the effect of air pressure on CPNA using a laboratory-scale reactor. We found that low air pressure promoted the removal of total inorganic nitrogen (TIN), achieving a TIN removal rate of 43,000 mg·N/(kg·VSS·d). The secretion of extracellular polymeric substances under low air pressure was not significantly different from that under ordinary air pressure, indicating no adverse effects on microbial aggregation ability, stability, or settleability. The abundance of aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AeAOB) increased from 0.2% to 5.6%, and the activity of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) enhanced, giving AeAOB and AnAOB a competitive advantage over nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, thus forming a microbial community structure favorable to the CPNA process. Our further analysis of the results of batch tests in serum bottles confirmed the positive effect of low air pressure on the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process, with a 28.5% ± 1.9% improvement in the specific anammox rate at 70 kPa compared with 100 kPa. AnAOB activity increased, which was reflected in the intracellular heme content increasing from 0.56 ± 0.18 μmol/(g·VSS) at 100 kPa to 2.56 ± 0.20 μmol/(g·VSS) at 70 kPa. We clarified the CPNA-process-promoting effect of low air pressure, which shows potential for nitrogen removal in high-altitude regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ze Lu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Jing Han
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Wei-Jia Zhang
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Ji Sun
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhong-Lian Yang
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jun-Ling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration of Xizang, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China; Information Engineer College, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
| | - Shu-Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration of Xizang, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China; Information Engineer College, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
| | - Guang-Can Zhu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration of Xizang, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
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22
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Zhao L, Zhao D. Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide biotransformation during the formation of anode biofilm in microbial fuel cell biosystem: Bioelectricity, metabolites and functional microorganisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127581. [PMID: 35798169 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The anode biofilm serves as the core dominating the performance of microbial fuel cell (MFC) biosystem. This research provides new insights into hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) biotransformation during the formation of anode biofilm. The current density, coulombic efficiency, voltage, power density, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and total nitrogen (TN) removal enhanced with the thickening of biofilm (1-6 cm), and the maximums achieved 146 mA·m-2, 47.3%, 8.76 V, 1.28 W·m-2, 184 mg·L-1 and 84.6%, respectively. HPAM concentration descended from 508 mg·L-1 to 83.3 mg·L-1 after 60 days. HPAM was metabolized into VFAs, N2, NO2--N and NO3--N, thereby releasing electrons. Laccase and tyrosine/tryptophan protein induced HPAM metabolism and bioelectricity production. The microbial functions involving HPAM biotransformation and bioelectricity generation were clarified. The alternative resource recovery, techno-economic comparison and development direction of MFC biosystem were discussed to achieve the synchronization of HPAM-containing wastewater treatment and bioelectricity generation based on MFC biosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanmei Zhao
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
| | - Dong Zhao
- Sinopec Shengli Petroleum Administration, Dongying 257000, China
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23
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Gong X, Zhang L, Gong Q, Liu X, Li X, Zhang Q, Peng Y. Rapid cultivation and enrichment of anammox bacteria solely using traditional activated sludge as inoculum and biocarrier in low-strength real sewage treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 358:127354. [PMID: 35609747 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In low-ammonia sewage anammox process, cultivation and enrichment of anammox bacteria (AnAOB) is a challenge especially from traditional activated sludge. To this end, a novel strategy solely using activated sludge as inoculum and biocarrier in a dynamic fixed-bed reactor was proposed in this study. During 115-day operation, excellent performance was achieved with influent total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) and effluent TIN of 55.3 mg·L-1 and 4.1 mg·L-1, respectively. Rapid enrichment of AnAOB (doubling time: 8.5 days) was demonstrated by augmented specific anammox activity (trace value to 1.85 mg N·g VSS-1·h-1) and increased hzsB gene number (106 to 109 copies·g-1 dry sludge), with predominance of Candidatus_Brocadia. Large-flocs aggregate was the primary habitat for AnAOB with highest abundance and capacity. The distinctive sludge properties, symbiotic microbial interactions and dynamic operation scheme facilitated AnAOB growth and retention. This study provides a simple, economic and workable approach for the start-up of mainstream anammox process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Gong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Qingteng Gong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xuefan Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
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24
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Li D, Dang Z, Zhang J. Novel strategy for rapid start-up and stable operation of anammox: Negative pressure coupled with the direct-current electric field. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 315:115167. [PMID: 35500490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An application challenge of anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) is the slow proliferation rate of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria (AnAOB). This study adopted negative pressure coupled with the direct-current electric field (NP-DCEF) to evaluate system nitrogen removal performance. Results showed that the total nitrogen removal rate (TNRR) of the NP-DCEF system was stable at 88.6% after seven days. Compared with that of the ordinary operating system (45.4%), the relative abundance of Candidatus-kuenenia considerably increased from 51.9% to 57.6%. Under transient and long-term influent fluctuation, the NP-DCEF system showed high nitrogen removal performance. The specific activity of AnAOB (SAA) reached 11.0 mg N∙g Vss-1 h-1 under load fluctuation, and it was 8.7 mg N∙g Vss-1 h-1 under ordinary operational conditions. In addition, the specific activities of hydrazine dehydrogenase (HDH) and hydrazine synthetase (HZS) reached 32.66 and 92.95 U∙L-1, which are considerably higher than those under the ordinary operating conditions (18.41 and 63.20 U∙L-1). These results indicated that the novel operation strategy has specific feasibility and potential for the start-up and long-term operation of anammox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Water Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100123, China.
| | - Zhaoxian Dang
- Key Laboratory of Water Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100123, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100123, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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25
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Lin L, Luo Z, Ishida K, Urasaki K, Kubota K, Li YY. Fast formation of anammox granules using a nitrification-denitrification sludge and transformation of microbial community. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 221:118751. [PMID: 35728499 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A lengthy start-up period has been one of the key obstacles limiting the application of the anammox process. In this investigation, a nitrification-denitrification sludge was used to start-up the anammox EGSB process. The transformation process from nitrification-denitrification sludge to anammox granule sludge was explored through the aspects of nitrogen removal performance, granule properties, microbial community structure, and evolution route. A successful start-up of the anammox process was achieved after 94 days of reactor operation. The highest nitrogen removal rate (NRR) obtained was 7.25±0.16 gN/L/d at a nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 8.0 gN/L/d, and the corresponding nitrogen removal efficiency was a high 90.61±1.99%. The results of the microbial analysis revealed significant changes in anammox bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, and denitrifying bacteria in the sludge. Notably, the anammox bacteria abundance increased from 2.5% to 29.0% during the operation, and Candidatus Kuenenia and Candidatus Brocadia were the dominant genera. Distinct-different successions on Candidatus Brocadia and Candidatus Kuenenia were also observed over the long-term period. In addition, the settling performance, anammox activity and biomass retention capacity of the granules were significantly enhanced during this process, and the corresponding granule evolution route was also proposed. The results in this study indicate the feasibility of using available seed sludge source for the fast-transformation of anammox granules, it is beneficial to the large-scale application of anammox process and the utilization of excess sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Zibin Luo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kyuto Ishida
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kampachiro Urasaki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kengo Kubota
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan.
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26
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Zhang B, Wang J, Huang JJ, Razaqpur AG, Han X, Fan L. Promotion of anammox process by different graphene-based materials: Roles of particle size and oxidation degree. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 831:154816. [PMID: 35341875 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) have been applied in the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process for nitrogen removal as electron shuttles. However, there is still controversy about their efficacy. In this study, nine graphene-based materials with a gradient of three particle sizes (large (l), medium (m) and small (s) sizes) and oxidation degrees, were used to compare their effects on the anammox process efficiency. The graphene-based materials include GO and its reduced products (RGO250 and RGO800) obtained at temperatures of 250 °C and 800 °C respectively. It was observed that their enhancements on the anammox process were in the order of GO > RGO800 > RGO250. In detail, at the dose of 100 mg/L, specific anammox activities (SAA) were promoted by 6.7% (l-GO), 4.9% (l-RGO800), 11.5% (m-GO), 7.3% (m-RGO800), 13.2% (s-GO) and 8.3% (s-RGO800) compared to the control respectively; while RGO250 with the same dose inhibited the process. In addition, the enhancement of the anammox process was increasing with the decreasing size of GO and RGO800. The nitrite reductase (NIR) activity was greatly increased by up to 24.9% with the presence of GO, which might be attributed to organized and specific electron transport with oxygen functional groups. The finding of hydroxyl on RGO and increasing content of oxygen determined after reaction detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer respectively, indicated the essential condition for RGO's function on transferring electrons for key enzymes in annamox bacteria. Most importantly, O/C (Oxygen/Carbon) ratios of graphene-based materials had greater effects on the promotion of the anammox process than the particle size and electrical conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beichen Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sino-Canadian Joint R&D Center for Water and Environmental Safety, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jingshu Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sino-Canadian Joint R&D Center for Water and Environmental Safety, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jinhui Jeanne Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sino-Canadian Joint R&D Center for Water and Environmental Safety, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Abdul Ghani Razaqpur
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sino-Canadian Joint R&D Center for Water and Environmental Safety, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- Beijing Drainage Group Co. Ltd (BDG), Beijing 100022, China
| | - Liang Fan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sino-Canadian Joint R&D Center for Water and Environmental Safety, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300350, China
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27
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Huo D, Dang Y, Sun D, Holmes DE. Efficient nitrogen removal from leachate by coupling Anammox and sulfur-siderite-driven denitrification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154683. [PMID: 35314225 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of nitrate can be generated during anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) wastewater treatment processes. Addition of sulfur to Anammox reactors stimulates the growth of sulfur-driven denitrifying (SADN) bacteria that can reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas. However, protons released during the SADN process lower the pH of the system and inhibit Anammox activity. The system will keep stable when pH is in the range of 7.5-8.5. This study showed that addition of siderite stabilized the reactor system and significantly improved the nitrogen removal process. In fact, even when concentrations of total nitrogen were 477.15 ± 16.84 mg/L, the sulfur/siderite reactor maintained nitrogen removal efficiencies >90%, while efficiencies in the sulfur reactor were < 80%. Anammox accounted for 31% of the bacterial sequences in the sulfur/siderite reactor compared to only 14% in the sulfur reactor with the majority of sequences clustering with Ca. Brocadia. An abundance of c-type cytochromes in anammox aggregates in the sulfur-siderite reactor also indicated that anammox activity was higher in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Huo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yan Dang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dezhi Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Dawn E Holmes
- Department of Physical and Biological Sciences, Western New England University, 1215 Wilbraham Rd, Springfield, MA 01119, USA
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28
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Lin Z, Ma K, Yang Y. Nitrous Oxide Emission from Full-Scale Anammox-Driven Wastewater Treatment Systems. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12070971. [PMID: 35888061 PMCID: PMC9317218 DOI: 10.3390/life12070971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are important contributors to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, partly due to their huge emission of nitrous oxide (N2O), which has a global warming potential of 298 CO2 equivalents. Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria provide a shortcut in the nitrogen removal pathway by directly transforming ammonium and nitrite to nitrogen gas (N2). Due to its energy efficiency, the anammox-driven treatment has been applied worldwide for the removal of inorganic nitrogen from ammonium-rich wastewater. Although direct evidence of the metabolic production of N2O by anammox bacteria is lacking, the microorganisms coexisting in anammox-driven WWTPs could produce a considerable amount of N2O and hence affect the sustainability of wastewater treatment. Thus, N2O emission is still one of the downsides of anammox-driven wastewater treatment, and efforts are required to understand the mechanisms of N2O emission from anammox-driven WWTPs using different nitrogen removal strategies and develop effective mitigation strategies. Here, three main N2O production processes, namely, hydroxylamine oxidation, nitrifier denitrification, and heterotrophic denitrification, and the unique N2O consumption process termed nosZ-dominated N2O degradation, occurring in anammox-driven wastewater treatment systems, are summarized and discussed. The key factors influencing N2O emission and mitigation strategies are discussed in detail, and areas in which further research is urgently required are identified.
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29
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Abstract
Several industries produce products and release waste compounds that can be very carcinogenic, and furthermore, can cause trouble for water organisms, such as algae and plants which rely on photosynthesis [...]
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30
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Huang L, Xie T, Wang Y, Tan S, Lu Z, Wang L, Mo C. Symbiotic treatment of ammonia-nitrogen wastewater by algae and activated sludge: effects of algae and sludge inoculation rates. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022:1-11. [PMID: 35184701 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2044919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A symbiotic microalgal-bacterial system may be an optional technology for wastewater treatment. It was composed of microalgae and activated sludge and established in the SBR to explore the effect of different dosing ratios of algae and sludge on the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from simulated wastewater containing ammonium. It can be seen from the result that varied algae-sludge dosing ratios had a higher removal effect on COD removal, but the difference was not significant. The algal-bacterial symbiosis system had a 100% removal rate for ammonium removal on the 8th day. Relatively speaking, the removal of nutrients and related mechanisms vary with environmental conditions (inoculation rate). In general, when the additive ratio was 5:1 (algae: AS), the removal rate of TN and TP was the highest, reaching 53.85% and 85.13% in the shortest time (14 days), among them, the removal rate of ammonium and COD was 100%, and the reduction rates of Nitrite nitrogen and Nitrate nitrogen were 362.99% and 73.42%, respectively. In addition, 16S rDNA gene analysis results demonstrated that the microbial community in the reactor with algal sludge inoculation ratio of 5:1 had differences in three stages of the initial reaction, the middle reaction and the end of the reaction. Comamonadaceae, Flavobacterium, Paenarthrobacter, Mesorhizobium, Nitrobacter were enriched during the reaction operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Huang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials Guangxi University, Nanning, the People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Xie
- School of Materials and Environment, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, the People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Wang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials Guangxi University, Nanning, the People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Tan
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials Guangxi University, Nanning, the People's Republic of China
| | - Zuyi Lu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials Guangxi University, Nanning, the People's Republic of China
| | - Lujie Wang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials Guangxi University, Nanning, the People's Republic of China
| | - Chuangrong Mo
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials Guangxi University, Nanning, the People's Republic of China
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31
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Huang DQ, Fu JJ, Li ZY, Fan NS, Jin RC. Inhibition of wastewater pollutants on the anammox process: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:150009. [PMID: 34492484 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process has been recognized as an efficient nitrogen removal technology. However, anammox bacteria are susceptible to surrounding environments and different pollutants, which limits the extensive application of the anammox process worldwide. Numerous researchers investigate the effects of various pollutants on the anammox process or bacteria, and related findings have also been reviewed with the focused on their inhibitory effects on process performance and microbial community. This review systemically summarized the recent advances in the inhibition, mechanism and recovery process of traditional and emerging pollutants on the anammox process over a decade, such as organics, metals, antibiotics, nanoparticles, etc. Generally, low-concentration pollutants exhibited a promotion on the anammox activity, while high-concentration pollutants showed inhibitory effects. The inhibitory threshold concentration of different pollutants varied. The combined effects of multipollutant also attracts more attentions, including synergistic, antagonistic and independent effects. Additionally, remaining problems and research needs are further proposed. This review provides a foundation for future research on the inhibition in anammox process, and promotes the proper operation of anammox processes treating different types of wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Qi Huang
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jin-Jin Fu
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zi-Yue Li
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Nian-Si Fan
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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Liu L, Xu S, Wang F, Yan Z, Tian Z, Ji M. Effect of exogenous N-acyl-homoserine lactones on the anammox process at 15 ℃: Nitrogen removal performance, gene expression and metagenomics analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125760. [PMID: 34454237 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, C6-HSL and C8-HSL were separately introduced into anammox biofilm reactors to facilitate the anammox performance at 15 ℃. After operation 138 d, total nitrogen removal efficiencies in reactors with amendment C6-HSL or C8-HSL at 15 ℃ reached 76.2% and 74.6%, respectively. Content of extracellular polymeric substances increased by 19.8%, 67.7% and 121.2% in control group, C6-HSL and C8-HSL addition group, respectively. Genes associated with nitrogen removal (i.e., hzo, hzsB, nirS, and ccsB) showed higher expression level at amendment C6-HSL or C8-HSL group. Metagenomics analysis found that amendment of C6-HSL or C8-HL resulted in an increased abundance of genes related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, and also genes associated with amino acid biosynthesis pathways. Overall, amendment C6-HSL or C8-HSL had been confirmed as the effective method to improve the performance of anammox bioreactor at 15 ℃.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjie Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Sihan Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Fen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Zhao Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhongke Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Min Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Liu W, Shen C, Liu C, Zhang S, Hao S, Peng Y, Li J. Achieving stable mainstream nitrogen and phosphorus removal assisted by hydroxylamine addition in a continuous partial nitritation/anammox process from real sewage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148478. [PMID: 34217093 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylamine (NH2OH) as the putative intermediate for anammox ensures the robustness of partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) process; however, the feasible for NH2OH addition to improve the stability of PN/A process under low-strength ammonia (NH4+-N) condition need to be further investigated. In this study, the restoration and steady operation of mainstream PN/A process were investigated to treat real sewage with in situ NH2OH added in a continuous alternating anoxic/aerobic with integrated fixed-film activated sludge (A3-IFAS) reactor. Results showed that the deteriorated PN/A process caused by nitrate (NO3--N) built-up was rapidly restored with a distinct decrease of the NO3--Nproduced/NH4+-Nconsumed ratio from 28.7% to <10.0% within 20 days, after 5 mg N/L of NH2OH was added daily into the aerobic zone of A3-IFAS reactor. After 230 days of operation, the average total nitrogen (TN) and phosphate (PO43--P) removal efficiencies of 80.8% and 91.5%, respectively were stably achieved, with average effluent sCOD, NH4+-N, TN and PO43--P concentrations reaching 23.1, 2.3, 7.7 and 0.4 mg/L, respectively. Microbial community characterization revealed Candidatus Brocadia (3.60% and 2.92%) and Ignavibacteriae (1.56% and 2.66%) as the dominant anammox bacteria and denitrifying bacteria, respectively, jointly attached in the biofilm_1 and biofilm_2, while Candidatus Microthrix (5.17%) dominant in floc sludge was main responsible for phosphorus removal. This study confirmed that NH2OH addition is an effective strategy for nitrite-oxidizing bacteria suppression, contributing to the in situ restoration of PN/A process and high stable mainstream nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a continuous PN/A process from real sewage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Liu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chen Shen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Chao Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Beijing Drainage Group Co. Ltd (BDG), Beijing 100022, China
| | - Shufeng Hao
- Beijing Drainage Group Co. Ltd (BDG), Beijing 100022, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Shi Y, Wang Y, Yue Y, Zhao J, Maraseni T, Qian G. Unbalanced status and multidimensional influences of municipal solid waste management in Africa. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130884. [PMID: 34289601 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The overall status of MSW management in Africa is evaluated systematically, in sight of life cycle indicators such as MSW generation daily per capita, collection and treatment methods. The relations of life cycle indictors with driving factors, including economic level, geographical location, urbanization and solid waste legislation process, are discussed. The results present that the major indicators had obvious regional differences, which can divide Africa into three levels: North Africa and South Africa > West Africa and Central Africa > East Africa. Besides, the disposal methods in North Africa, South Africa and West Africa have evolved from simple open dumping to sanitary landfill, composting and recycle treatment, while opening dumping is still rampant in East Africa. With a combination tool of Principal Component Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression, it was identified that economic growth, urbanization and geographical location are the most critical factors influencing the unbalanced statue of MSW management in Africa. By cluster analysis, unbalance status of MSW management in African countries can be integrated into three grades of MSW management level: good, fair and poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Shanghai Institute of Geological Survey, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Yang Yue
- Materials Genome Institute of Shanghai University, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Tek Maraseni
- Centre for Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350, Australia
| | - Guangren Qian
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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Dissipation Dynamics of Doxycycline and Gatifloxacin and Accumulation of Heavy Metals during Broiler Manure Aerobic Composting. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175225. [PMID: 34500659 PMCID: PMC8434052 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, broilers were fed with heavy-metal-containing diets (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, As, Hg) at three rates (T1: 5 kg premix/ton feed, T2: 10 kg premix/ton feed and T3: 15 kg premix/ton feed) and Doxycycline (DOX) and Gatifloxacin (GAT) at low or high doses (T4: 31.2 mg DOX/bird/day and 78 mg GAT/bird/day, T5: 15.6 mg DOX/bird/day and 48 mg GAT/bird/day) to assess the accumulation of various heavy metals and the fate of two antibiotics in broiler manure after 35 days of aerobic composting. The results indicated that the two antibiotics changed quite differently during aerobic composting. About 14.96–15.84% of Doxycycline still remained at the end of composting, while Gatifloxacin was almost completely removed within 10 days of composting. The half-lives of Doxycycline were 13.75 and 15.86 days, while the half-lives of Gatifloxacin were only 1.32 and 1.38 days. Based on the Redundancy analysis (RDA), the concentration of antibiotics was significantly influenced by physico-chemical properties (mainly temperature and pH) throughout the composting process. Throughout the composting process, all heavy metal elements remained concentrated in organic fertilizer. In this study the Cr content reached 160.16 mg/kg, 223.98 mg/kg and 248.02 mg/kg with increasing premix feed rates, similar to Zn, which reached 258.2 mg/kg, 312.21 mg/kg and 333.68 mg/kg. Zn and Cr concentrations well exceeded the United States and the European soil requirements. This experiment showed that antibiotic residues and the accumulation of heavy metals may lead to soil contamination and pose a risk to the soil ecosystem.
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Cascade Membrane System for Separation of Water and Organics from Liquid By-Products of HTC of the Agricultural Digestate—Evaluation of Performance. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14164752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
New regulations aimed at curbing the problem of eutrophication introduce limitations for traditional ways to use the by-product of anaerobic digestion—the digestate. Hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) can be a viable way to valorise the digestate in an energy-efficient manner and at the same time maximise the synergy in terms of recovery of water, nutrients, followed by more efficient use of the remaining carbon. Additionally, hydrothermal treatment is a feasible way to recirculate recalcitrant process residues. Recirculation to anaerobic digestion enables recovery of a significant part of chemical energy lost in HTC by organics dissolved in the liquid effluent. Recirculating back to the HTC process can enhance nutrient recovery by making process water more acidic. However, such an effect of synergy can be exploited to its full extent only when viable separation techniques are applied to separate organic by-products of HTC and water. The results presented in this study show that using cascade membrane systems (microfiltration (MF) → ultrafiltration (UF) → nanofiltration (NF)), using polymeric membranes, can facilitate such separation. The best results were obtained by conducting sequential treatment of the liquid by-product of HTC in the following membrane sequence: MF 0.2 µm → UF PES 10 → NF NPO30P, which allowed reaching COD removal efficiency of almost 60%.
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Zhu Z, Zhao Y, Guo Y, Zhang R, Pan Y, Zhou T. A novel additional carbon source derived from rotten fruits: Application for the denitrification from mature landfill leachate and evaluation the economic benefits. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 334:125244. [PMID: 33962159 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rotten fruits could be used as an available resource due to the high organic content and low pollution introduction. In this study, four kinds of rotten fruits including banana, apple, pear and grape, were utilized as additional carbon source to improve the nitrogen removal from mature landfill leachate. With the optimal condition of carbon-nitrogen ratio 6.5 and operation time 2 d, the rotten banana group had a higher denitrification rate of 11.78 mg/(gVSS·h) than that of other groups, corresponding the 99.55% of nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), 99.36% of total nitrogen and 94.60% of organics removal. High carbon-nitrogen ratio would contribute to more degradation of organic and humus matters, and the low cost of 0.65 €/kgNO3--N was obtained. Biodiversity analysis indicated that denitrificans and organic-degrading bacterial were enriched after the addition of rotten banana. Overall, the novel carbon source of rotten banana was a cost-efficient choice for the denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Youcai Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1515 North Zhongshan Rd. (No. 2), Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanyan Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ruina Zhang
- Shanghai Environmental Sanitation Engineering Design Institute Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200323, China
| | - Yong Pan
- Shanghai Chengtou Environment (Group) Co., Ltd, Shangshan Branch, Shanghai 201799, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1515 North Zhongshan Rd. (No. 2), Shanghai 200092, China.
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Preparation of Activated Carbon from the Wood of Paulownia tomentosa as an Efficient Adsorbent for the Removal of Acid Red 4 and Methylene Blue Present in Wastewater. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13111453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Paulownia tomentosa, a woody plant that is widely found in Pakistan and in other regions of the world, was used as a raw material to prepare activated carbon using chemical and physical activation methods. Adsorption of the dyes- acid red 4 and methylene blue onto the prepared activated carbon were analyzed by batch experiments. The impacts of different adsorption parameters such as pH, temperature, contact time, initial dye concentration and adsorbent dosage were also evaluated. Equilibrium data were fitted into various isotherm models such as: Langmuir, Temkin and Freundlich. High regression values were achieved with Langmuir isotherm model. Different kinetic adsorption models such as pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion model models were applied. The adsorption kinetics was found to be best-fitted into pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The optimum pH for acid red 4 was around 1 while for methylene blue it was 8. The optimum adsorbent dosage was 0.3 g for both dyes used. The activation energy (Ea) values were 30.57 and 3.712 kJ/mol, respectively for acid red 4 and methylene blue while the enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) values were correspondingly as 24.88/1.1927 kJ/mol and −2843.32/−0.329 J·mol/K for the mentioned dyes. The experimental result showed that the prepared activated carbon was the best in the removal of acid red 4 and methylene blue from aqueous media and therefore, could be preferably used as cheap adsorbent in wastewater treatment.
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