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Ganji H, Taghavijeloudar M. Efficient adsorption of lead and copper from water by modification of sand filter with a green plant-based adsorbent: Adsorption kinetics and regeneration. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 259:119529. [PMID: 38960359 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
In this study, pomegranate seed waste (PSW) was added into sand filter (SF) to increase removal efficiency of Lead (Pb(II)) and Copper (Cu(II)) from polluted water. The performance of PSW was compared with activated carbon (AC) as a typical adsorbent. Based on the SEM, EDX, FTIR, XRD, BET and proximate analyses, PSW had porous structure with specific surface area of 2.76 m2/g and active compounds which suggested PSW as an appropriate adsorbent for heavy metals (HMs) adsorption. According to the batch experiments, SF without treatment could only remove 46% and 35% of Pb(II) and Cu(II), respectively. These numbers increased to 88% and 75% for Pb(II) and Cu(II) by adding 3 g/kg PSW to the SF, respectively under the optimal conditions of HMs initial concentrations = 100 mg/L, pH = 7 and contact time = 60 min. The adsorption kinetic and isotherm followed the pseudo-first-order and Langmuir models, respectively indicating that mainly physisorption was involved in the HMs adsorption process of PSW. Based on the column experiments (flow rate = 62.5 mL/min), the Pb(II) and Cu(II) removal increased from 14% to 60% and 10%-55%, respectively after 5 pore volumes (40 min) by adding 3 g/kg PSW to the SF. Breakthrough curves matched better with Thomas mode rather than Adam's Bohart proving Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Our finding suggested modification of SF with PSW is a promising approach for efficient removal of HMs from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Ganji
- Department of Water Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 917966-6549, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Taghavijeloudar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, 151-744, Seoul, South Korea.
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Benalia A, Atime L, Baatache O, Khalfaoui A, Ghomrani AF, Derbal K, Pizzi A, Panico A, Bouchareb EM, Bouchareb R, Amirou S. Removal of lead in water by coagulation flocculation process using Cactus-based natural coagulant: optimization and modeling by response surface methodology (RSM). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:244. [PMID: 38326512 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this research is to study the ability of Cactus leaves to act as a biocoagulants for the removal of lead in water. Different solvents, such as distilled water, NaCl, NaOH, and HCl, were used as chemical activators to extract the active components from the Cactus. The Cactus was utilized as an organic coagulant in five different forms: (i) Cactus juice (CJ); Cactus extract using (ii) distilled water (C-H2O); (iii) NaCl at 0.5 M concentration (C-NaCl); (iv) NaOH at 0.05 M concentration (C-NaOH); and (v) HCl at 0.05 M concentration (C-HCl). In order to establish the optimal conditions for the coagulation, this study employed the jar test as an experimental technique and the Box-Behnken design (BBD) as an experimental approach. According to BBD, there are three factors (k = 3), namely pH, biocoagulant dosage, and settling time. The R2 and R2 adjusted for all coagulants were close to 100%, confirming the validity of all the mathematical models. The results were significant; the highest lead removal efficiencies were 98.11%, 98.34%, 95.65, 96.19%, and 97.49%, utilizing CJ, C-H2O, C-NaCl, C-HCl, and C-NaOH as natural coagulants. The Cactus has been characterized using FTIR, XRD, and SEM to identify the active components that remove lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrezzaq Benalia
- Higher Normal School of Constantine, Ali Mendjeli Nouvelle Ville, 25000, Constantine, Algeria.
- Department of process Engineering, Laboratory of Process engineering for sustainable development and health products (GPDDPS), National Polytechnic School of Constantine, 2500, Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Loqmen Atime
- Department of process Engineering, Laboratory of Process engineering for sustainable development and health products (GPDDPS), National Polytechnic School of Constantine, 2500, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Ouiem Baatache
- Department of process Engineering, Laboratory of Process engineering for sustainable development and health products (GPDDPS), National Polytechnic School of Constantine, 2500, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Amel Khalfaoui
- Laboratory LIPE, Faculty of Process Engineering, University of Constantine 3, Ali Mendjeli Nouvelle Ville, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Amira Fadia Ghomrani
- Department of process Engineering, Laboratory of Process engineering for sustainable development and health products (GPDDPS), National Polytechnic School of Constantine, 2500, Constantine, Algeria
- Process Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics of Matter and Radiation Laboratory (LPMR), Mohamed Cherif Messaadia University, BP 1553, 41000, Souk-Ahras, Algeria
| | - Kerroum Derbal
- Department of process Engineering, Laboratory of Process engineering for sustainable development and health products (GPDDPS), National Polytechnic School of Constantine, 2500, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Antonio Pizzi
- Laboratoire d'Etude et Recherche sur le Matériau Bois (LERMAB). Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Technologies et Industries du Bois (ENSTIB), University of Lorraine, 27 rue Philippe Seguin, 88000, Epinal, France
| | - Antonio Panico
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 81031, Aversa, Italy
| | - Esma Mahfouf Bouchareb
- National Biotechnology School of Constantine, Ali Mendjeli Nouvelle Ville, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Raouf Bouchareb
- Department of process Engineering, Laboratory of Process engineering for sustainable development and health products (GPDDPS), National Polytechnic School of Constantine, 2500, Constantine, Algeria
- National Biotechnology School of Constantine, Ali Mendjeli Nouvelle Ville, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Siham Amirou
- Laboratoire d'Etude et Recherche sur le Matériau Bois (LERMAB). Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Technologies et Industries du Bois (ENSTIB), University of Lorraine, 27 rue Philippe Seguin, 88000, Epinal, France
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