1
|
Benalia A, Atime L, Baatache O, Khalfaoui A, Ghomrani AF, Derbal K, Pizzi A, Panico A, Bouchareb EM, Bouchareb R, Amirou S. Removal of lead in water by coagulation flocculation process using Cactus-based natural coagulant: optimization and modeling by response surface methodology (RSM). Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:244. [PMID: 38326512 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this research is to study the ability of Cactus leaves to act as a biocoagulants for the removal of lead in water. Different solvents, such as distilled water, NaCl, NaOH, and HCl, were used as chemical activators to extract the active components from the Cactus. The Cactus was utilized as an organic coagulant in five different forms: (i) Cactus juice (CJ); Cactus extract using (ii) distilled water (C-H2O); (iii) NaCl at 0.5 M concentration (C-NaCl); (iv) NaOH at 0.05 M concentration (C-NaOH); and (v) HCl at 0.05 M concentration (C-HCl). In order to establish the optimal conditions for the coagulation, this study employed the jar test as an experimental technique and the Box-Behnken design (BBD) as an experimental approach. According to BBD, there are three factors (k = 3), namely pH, biocoagulant dosage, and settling time. The R2 and R2 adjusted for all coagulants were close to 100%, confirming the validity of all the mathematical models. The results were significant; the highest lead removal efficiencies were 98.11%, 98.34%, 95.65, 96.19%, and 97.49%, utilizing CJ, C-H2O, C-NaCl, C-HCl, and C-NaOH as natural coagulants. The Cactus has been characterized using FTIR, XRD, and SEM to identify the active components that remove lead.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abderrezzaq Benalia
- Higher Normal School of Constantine, Ali Mendjeli Nouvelle Ville, 25000, Constantine, Algeria.
- Department of process Engineering, Laboratory of Process engineering for sustainable development and health products (GPDDPS), National Polytechnic School of Constantine, 2500, Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Loqmen Atime
- Department of process Engineering, Laboratory of Process engineering for sustainable development and health products (GPDDPS), National Polytechnic School of Constantine, 2500, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Ouiem Baatache
- Department of process Engineering, Laboratory of Process engineering for sustainable development and health products (GPDDPS), National Polytechnic School of Constantine, 2500, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Amel Khalfaoui
- Laboratory LIPE, Faculty of Process Engineering, University of Constantine 3, Ali Mendjeli Nouvelle Ville, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Amira Fadia Ghomrani
- Department of process Engineering, Laboratory of Process engineering for sustainable development and health products (GPDDPS), National Polytechnic School of Constantine, 2500, Constantine, Algeria
- Process Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics of Matter and Radiation Laboratory (LPMR), Mohamed Cherif Messaadia University, BP 1553, 41000, Souk-Ahras, Algeria
| | - Kerroum Derbal
- Department of process Engineering, Laboratory of Process engineering for sustainable development and health products (GPDDPS), National Polytechnic School of Constantine, 2500, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Antonio Pizzi
- Laboratoire d'Etude et Recherche sur le Matériau Bois (LERMAB). Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Technologies et Industries du Bois (ENSTIB), University of Lorraine, 27 rue Philippe Seguin, 88000, Epinal, France
| | - Antonio Panico
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 81031, Aversa, Italy
| | - Esma Mahfouf Bouchareb
- National Biotechnology School of Constantine, Ali Mendjeli Nouvelle Ville, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Raouf Bouchareb
- Department of process Engineering, Laboratory of Process engineering for sustainable development and health products (GPDDPS), National Polytechnic School of Constantine, 2500, Constantine, Algeria
- National Biotechnology School of Constantine, Ali Mendjeli Nouvelle Ville, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Siham Amirou
- Laboratoire d'Etude et Recherche sur le Matériau Bois (LERMAB). Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Technologies et Industries du Bois (ENSTIB), University of Lorraine, 27 rue Philippe Seguin, 88000, Epinal, France
| |
Collapse
|