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de Roest RH, Stigter van Walsum M, van der Schilden K, Brakenhoff RH. Pharmacodynamics and biodistribution of [195mPt]cisplatin(CISSPECT®) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. EJNMMI Res 2024; 14:22. [PMID: 38424294 PMCID: PMC10904703 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-024-01082-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin- based chemoradiotherapy is a crucial pillar in the treatment of HNSCC. The use of cisplatin comes with high toxicity rates as 35% of patients cannot sustain the planned dose while response is unpredictable. Unfortunately, there are no clinically applicable biomarkers to predict response. Based on the association of response with the number of DNA adducts and the involved molecular pathway to resolve cisplatin-induced DNA crosslinks in HNSCC, [195mPt]cisplatin (CISSPECT®) might have potential to monitor drug uptake and retention before treatment, and predict cisplatin response. The aim of this study is to investigate this concept by analyzing uptake, retention and biodistribution of [195mPt]cisplatin between known cisplatin-sensitive (VU-SCC-1131) and -resistant (VU-SCC-OE) HNSCC cell lines in vitro and xenografted in mice in vivo. RESULTS By a variety of experiments in vitro, including cell cycle analyses, and in vivo, the sensitivity of cell line VU-SCC-1131 and resistance of cell line VU-SCC-OE for cisplatin was demonstrated. VU-SCC-OE was able to accumulate more [195mPt]cisplatin in the DNA, and showed an increased capability to repair [195mPt]cisplatin crosslinks compared to VU-SCC-1131. Notably, DNA binding of cisplatin increased even when cisplatin was removed from the medium, likely from intracellular sources. In vivo, [195mPt]cisplatin showed a rapid biodistribution to the large organs such as the liver, with no differences between intravenous and intraperitoneal administration. Most circulating [195mPt]cisplatin was cleared by renal filtration, and accumulation in kidney and liver remained high. Uptake in xenografts was rapid (blood:tumor ratio; 1:1) and highest after 1 h, while decreasing after 6 h in line with the concentration in the blood. Remarkably, there was no significant difference in uptake or retention between xenografts of the cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant cell line. CONCLUSION VU-SCC-1131 with a known FA deficiency and VU-SCC-OE displayed a significant difference in sensitivity to and recovery from cisplatin treatment, due to S-phase problems in VU-SCC-1131 at low doses, in line with the genetic defect. Using Pt-195m radioactivity analysis, we demonstrated the limited capability of cisplatin crosslink repair in VU-SCC-1131. Unexpectedly, we were not able to translate these findings to a mouse model for sensitivity prediction based on the biodistribution in the tumor, most likely as other factors such as influx counterbalanced repair. These data do not support response prediction by [195mPt]cisplatin, and applications to predict the toxic side-effects of cisplatin and to tailor dosing schemes seem more feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinout H de Roest
- Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Biology and Immunology laboratory, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke Stigter van Walsum
- Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Biology and Immunology laboratory, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ruud H Brakenhoff
- Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Biology and Immunology laboratory, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Omokawa M, Kimura H, Hatsukawa Y, Kawashima H, Tsukada K, Yagi Y, Naito Y, Yasui H. Production and synthesis of a novel 191Pt-labeled platinum complex and evaluation of its biodistribution in healthy mice. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 97:117557. [PMID: 38086274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that our sugar-conjugated platinum complex (cis-dichloro [(2-fluoro-α-d-glucopylanosidyl) propane-1,3-diamine] platinum: FGC-Pt) has low toxicity and tumor growth inhibitory effect comparable to that of cisplatin. We focused on radioactive Pt isotopes in order to analyze the kinetics of FGC-Pt using gamma-ray imaging techniques, assuming that FGC-Pt could be used for chemotherapy in the future. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to develop a non-invasive method to analyze the biodistribution of FGC-Pt using 191Pt-labeled FGC-Pt ([191Pt]FGC-Pt). 191Pt was produced via the (n,2n) reaction induced by accelerator neutrons. [191Pt]FGC-Pt was prepared using two different methods. In the first method, [191Pt]FGC-Pt (method A) was obtained through the accelerator neutron irradiation of FGC-Pt. In the second method, [191Pt]FGC-Pt (method B) was synthesized using [191Pt]K2PtCl4, which was obtained by the accelerator neutron irradiation of K2PtCl4. Highly purified [191Pt]FGC-Pt was obtained using the latter method, which suggests that the synthetic method using a 191Pt-labeled platinum reagent is suitable for the radioactivation of platinum complexes. We also aimed to investigate whether a significant correlation existed between the biodistribution of FGC-Pt and [191Pt]FGC-Pt in healthy mice 24 h after tail vein administration. FGC-Pt and [191Pt]FGC-Pt were similarly distributed in healthy mice, with a higher accumulation in the liver and kidney 24 h post injection. In addition, a significant correlation (p < 0.05, r = 0.92) between the 191Pt radioactivity concentration (%ID/g (gamma counter)) and platinum concentration (%ID/g (ICP-MS)) was observed in 13 organs. These results suggest that 191Pt-labeled compounds, synthesized using radioactive platinum reagents, can be used to confirm the biodistribution of platinum compounds. Our study on the biodistribution of [191Pt]FGC-Pt is expected to contribute to the development of novel platinum-based drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Omokawa
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kimura
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan; Division of Probe Chemistry for Disease Analysis/Central Institute for Radioisotope Science, Research Center for Experimental Modeling of Human Disease, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Hatsukawa
- National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Kawashima
- Radioisotope Research Center, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Shichono-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | | | - Yusuke Yagi
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Medicinal Science, Kyoto College of Medical Science, 1-3 Imakita, Oyama-higashi, Sonobe, Nantan, Kyoto 622-0041, Japan
| | - Yuki Naito
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yasui
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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A proof of principle study using radiopharmaceuticals to quantify and localize container-content interactions in medical syringes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2721. [PMID: 36792806 PMCID: PMC9932089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29923-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The sorption of drugs onto their contents is a known phenomenon that is difficult to analyse precisely. The purpose of this study was to present a non-invasive method for locating and quantifying sorption phenomena using radiopharmaceuticals. Radiopharmaceutical are medicines armed with a radionuclide enabling quantification and imaging using dedicated scanners. The sorption of nine different radiopharmaceuticals on 2- and 3-part syringes was investigated. These syringes were filled with the studied radiopharmaceutical solutions and stored immobile for 3 h. At different times ranging from 0 to 180 min, 10 µL were taken from the syringes and the radioactivity of these samples was determined by a gamma counter. 5 radiopharmaceuticals exhibited no significant sorption at any time point in both 2 and 3-parts syringes, but 4 radiopharmaceuticals exhibited sorption losses varying from 20 to 33% after 3 h contact with 3-part-syringes, but no sorption on 2-part syringes at any time point. [99mTc]Tc-tetrofosmine Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography imaging indicated clearly that the interactions were located on the rubber plunger of the 3-part-syringes. The specific nature of radiopharmaceuticals allowed their use as an innovative method to quantify and localize drug sorption phenomena.
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Sharma KS, Vimalnath KV, Phadnis PP, Chakravarty R, Chakraborty S, Dash A, Vatsa RK. Facile Synthesis of a Pt(IV) Prodrug of Cisplatin and Its Intrinsically 195mPt Labeled Analog: A Step Closer to Cancer Theranostic. Indian J Nucl Med 2021; 36:140-147. [PMID: 34385784 PMCID: PMC8320819 DOI: 10.4103/ijnm.ijnm_188_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background, Aims and Objectives: Cisplatin is extensively used in chemotherapy for treatment of a broad range of cancers. But its undesired side reactions with biomolecules that lead to severe side effects especially on kidney and nervous system, are limiting its clinical utility. To reduce its side effects, the kinetically inert Pt(IV) prodrug was recognized as an alternative approach from satisfactory results of preliminary experiments. But, its approval as anticancer drug for clinical use requires detailed investigations of its anticancer action and pharmacological pathways by employing its analogue which can be traced by a suitable technique. As a step closer towards translation of Pt(IV)-based prodrug from research to clinical level, a protocol for efficient synthesis of 195mPt-radiolabeled Pt(IV) prodrug was devised. Materials and Methods: In order to achieve the aim, we started synthesis from elemental platinum avoiding lengthy steps. The synthesis protocol was standardized on its cold analogue, as [PtCl2(NH3)2(OCOCH2CH2COOH)2] which has been characterized with nuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C{1H} and 195Pt{1H}) spectroscopy, microanalyses and cyclic voltammetry. Also, cytotoxicity of [PtCl2(OCOCH2CH2COOH)2(NH3)2] was evaluated against MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lines using cisplatin as test control. Results: Intrinsically, 195mPt-labeled analogue of prodrug was obtained with high radionuclidic and radiochemical purity. It was confirmed by chromatography and γ-ray spectrometry. Conclusion: The 195mPt-radiolabeled prodrug was synthesized in a facile manner. It can be utilized in evaluating the mechanism of anticancer action and pharmacokinetics by enabling synergistic use of molecular imaging and targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K V Vimalnath
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prasad P Phadnis
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, India.,Chemical Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rubel Chakravarty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Chemical Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Chemical Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Chemical Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajesh K Vatsa
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, India.,Chemical Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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5
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Nadar R, Franssen G, Van Dijk N, Codee-van der Schilden K, de Weijert M, Oosterwijk E, Iafisco M, Margiotta N, Heskamp S, van den Beucken J, Leeuwenburgh S. Bone tumor-targeted delivery of theranostic 195mPt-bisphosphonate complexes promotes killing of metastatic tumor cells. Mater Today Bio 2021; 9:100088. [PMID: 33490949 PMCID: PMC7809194 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2020.100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based drugs such as cisplatin are very potent chemotherapeutics, whereas radioactive platinum (195mPt) is a rich source of low-energy Auger electrons, which kills tumor cells by damaging DNA. Auger electrons damage cells over a very short range. Consequently, 195mPt-based radiopharmaceuticals should be targeted toward tumors to maximize radiotherapeutic efficacy and minimize Pt-based systemic toxicity. Herein, we show that systemically administered radioactive bisphosphonate-functionalized platinum (195mPt-BP) complexes specifically accumulate in intratibial bone metastatic lesions in mice. The 195mPt-BP complexes accumulate 7.3-fold more effectively in bone 7 days after systemic delivery compared to 195mPt-cisplatin lacking bone-targeting bisphosphonate ligands. Therapeutically, 195mPt-BP treatment causes 4.5-fold more γ-H2AX formation, a biomarker for DNA damage in metastatic tumor cells compared to 195mPt-cisplatin. We show that systemically administered 195mPt-BP is radiotherapeutically active, as evidenced by an 11-fold increased DNA damage in metastatic tumor cells compared to non-radioactive Pt-BP controls. Moreover, apoptosis in metastatic tumor cells is enhanced more than 3.4-fold upon systemic administration of 195mPt-BP vs. radioactive 195mPt-cisplatin or non-radioactive Pt-BP controls. These results provide the first preclinical evidence for specific accumulation and strong radiotherapeutic activity of 195mPt-BP in bone metastatic lesions, which offers new avenues of research on radiotherapeutic killing of tumor cells in bone metastases by Auger electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.A. Nadar
- Department of Dentistry – Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - G.M. Franssen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - N.W.M. Van Dijk
- Department of Dentistry – Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - M. de Weijert
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - E. Oosterwijk
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M. Iafisco
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Granarolo 64, 48018, Faenza, Italy
| | - N. Margiotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - S. Heskamp
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J.J.J.P. van den Beucken
- Department of Dentistry – Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - S.C.G. Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Dentistry – Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Granarolo 64, 48018, Faenza, Italy
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Abstract
Nuclear medicine is composed of two complementary areas, imaging and therapy. Positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon imaging, including single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), comprise the imaging component of nuclear medicine. These areas are distinct in that they exploit different nuclear decay processes and also different imaging technologies. In PET, images are created from the 511 keV photons produced when the positron emitted by a radionuclide encounters an electron and is annihilated. In contrast, in single-photon imaging, images are created from the γ rays (and occasionally X-rays) directly emitted by the nucleus. Therapeutic nuclear medicine uses particulate radiation such as Auger or conversion electrons or β- or α particles. All three of these technologies are linked by the requirement that the radionuclide must be attached to a suitable vector that can deliver it to its target. It is imperative that the radionuclide remain attached to the vector before it is delivered to its target as well as after it reaches its target or else the resulting image (or therapeutic outcome) will not reflect the biological process of interest. Radiochemistry is at the core of this process, and radiometals offer radiopharmaceutical chemists a tremendous range of options with which to accomplish these goals. They also offer a wide range of options in terms of radionuclide half-lives and emission properties, providing the ability to carefully match the decay properties with the desired outcome. This Review provides an overview of some of the ways this can be accomplished as well as several historical examples of some of the limitations of earlier metalloradiopharmaceuticals and the ways that new technologies, primarily related to radionuclide production, have provided solutions to these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Boros
- Department of Chemistry , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
| | - Alan B Packard
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology , Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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Measurement of activation cross sections of alpha particle induced reactions on iridium up to an energy of 50 MeV. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 136:133-142. [PMID: 29499445 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cross sections of alpha particle induced nuclear reactions on iridium were investigated using a 51.2-MeV alpha particle beam. The standard stacked-foil target technique and the activation method were applied. The activity of the reaction products was assessed without chemical separation using high resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. Excitation functions for production of gold, platinum and iridium isotopes (196m2Au, 196m,gAu, 195m,gAu, 194Au, 193 m,gAu, 192Au, 191m,gAu, 191Pt, 195mPt, 194gIr, 194mIr, 192gIr, 190gIr and 189Ir) were determined and compared with available earlier measured experimental data and results of theoretical calculations using TALYS code system. Cross section data were reported for the first time for the natIr(α,x)196m2Au, natIr(α,x)196m,gAu, natIr(α,x)191Pt, natIr(α,x)195mPt, natIr(α,x)194gIr, natIr(α,x)194mIr, natIr(α,x)190gIr and natIr(α,x)189Ir processes. A possible production route for 195mPt, the potentially important radionuclide in nuclear medicine, is discussed.
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Cheff DM, Hall MD. A Drug of Such Damned Nature.1 Challenges and Opportunities in Translational Platinum Drug Research. J Med Chem 2017; 60:4517-4532. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorian M. Cheff
- NCATS Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Matthew D. Hall
- NCATS Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
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Aalbersberg EA, de Wit-van der Veen BJ, Zwaagstra O, Codée-van der Schilden K, Vegt E, Vogel WV. Preclinical imaging characteristics and quantification of Platinum-195m SPECT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017; 44:1347-1354. [PMID: 28190123 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-017-3643-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In vivo biodistribution imaging of platinum-based compounds may allow better patient selection for treatment with chemo(radio)therapy. Radiolabeling with Platinum-195m (195mPt) allows SPECT imaging, without altering the chemical structure or biological activity of the compound. We have assessed the feasibility of 195mPt SPECT imaging in mice, with the aim to determine the image quality and accuracy of quantification for current preclinical imaging equipment. METHODS Enriched (>96%) 194Pt was irradiated in the High Flux Reactor (HFR) in Petten, The Netherlands (NRG). A 0.05 M HCl 195mPt-solution with a specific activity of 33 MBq/mg was obtained. Image quality was assessed for the NanoSPECT/CT (Bioscan Inc., Washington DC, USA) and U-SPECT+/CT (MILabs BV, Utrecht, the Netherlands) scanners. A radioactivity-filled rod phantom (rod diameter 0.85-1.7 mm) filled with 1 MBq 195mPt was scanned with different acquisition durations (10-120 min). Four healthy mice were injected intravenously with 3-4 MBq 195mPt. Mouse images were acquired with the NanoSPECT for 120 min at 0, 2, 4, or 24 h after injection. Organs were delineated to quantify 195mPt concentrations. Immediately after scanning, the mice were sacrificed, and the platinum concentration was determined in organs using a gamma counter and graphite furnace - atomic absorption spectroscopy (GF-AAS) as reference standards. RESULTS A 30-min acquisition of the phantom provided visually adequate image quality for both scanners. The smallest visible rods were 0.95 mm in diameter on the NanoSPECT and 0.85 mm in diameter on the U-SPECT+. The image quality in mice was visually adequate. Uptake was seen in the kidneys with excretion to the bladder, and in the liver, blood, and intestine. No uptake was seen in the brain. The Spearman correlation between SPECT and gamma counter was 0.92, between SPECT and GF-AAS it was 0.84, and between GF-AAS and gamma counter it was0.97 (all p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Preclinical 195mPt SPECT is feasible with acceptable tracer doses and acquisition times, and provides good image quality and accurate signal quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Aalbersberg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI-AVL), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B J de Wit-van der Veen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI-AVL), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O Zwaagstra
- Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group (NRG), Petten, The Netherlands
| | | | - E Vegt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI-AVL), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter V Vogel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI-AVL), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Smith SV, McCutchan E, Gürdal G, Lister C, Muench L, Nino M, Sonzogni A, Herman M, Nobre G, Cullen C, Chillery T, Chowdury P, Harding R. Production of platinum radioisotopes at Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer (BLIP). EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201714609029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Alshiekh A, Clausén M, Elmroth SKC. Kinetics of cisplatin binding to short r(GG) containing miRNA mimics - influence of Na(+)versus K(+), temperature and hydrophobicity on reactivity. Dalton Trans 2016; 44:12623-32. [PMID: 26079627 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00663e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acids are well recognized targets for platinum-based anticancer drugs, with RNA and DNA being kinetically comparable. In the case of RNA, previous studies have shown that the reaction between small duplex RNAs (dsRNAs) and monoaquated cisplatin (cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl(OH2)(+), ) can be followed by the metal induced hyperchromicity occurring directly after addition of to e.g. microRNA mimics. In the present study, we have used this approach to compare thermal stability and reactivity between intracellularly- and extracellularly relevant salt concentration (CNa(+) and CK(+)ca. 0.1 M), and also as a function of increased hydrophobicity (10% v/v EtOH). In addition, reactivity was studied as a function of temperature in the interval ca. 5-20 °C below the respective dsRNA melting temperatures (Tms). Four different 13- to 20-mer dsRNAs with two different central sequence motifs were used as targets containing either a central r(GG)·r(CC)- or r(GG)·r(UAU)-sequence. The reactions exhibited half-lives in the minute- to hour range at 38 °C in the presence of excess in the μM range. Further, a linear dependence was found between C and the observed pseudo-first-order rate constants. The resulting apparent second-order rate constants were significantly larger for the lower melting r(GG)·r(UAU)-containing sequences compared with that of the fully complementary ones; the higher and lower reactivities represented by RNA-1-3 and RNA-1-1 with k2,appca. 30 and 8 M(-1) s(-1) respectively at CNa(+) = 122 mM. For all RNAs a common small, but significant, trend was observed with increased reactivity in the presence of K(+) compared with Na(+), and decreased reactivity in the presence of EtOH. Finally, the temperature dependence of k2,app was evaluated using the Eyring equation. The retrieved activation parameters reveal positive values for both ΔH(≠) and ΔS(≠) for all dsRNAs, in the range ca. 23-34 kcal mol(-1) and 22-57 cal K(-1) mol(-1) respectively. These values indicate solvational effects to be important for the rate determining step of the reaction, and thus in support of a structural change of the dsRNA to take place in parallel with the adduct formation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alak Alshiekh
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, KILU, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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12
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Gottesman MM, Lavi O, Hall MD, Gillet JP. Toward a Better Understanding of the Complexity of Cancer Drug Resistance. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 56:85-102. [PMID: 26514196 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010715-103111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to anticancer drugs is a complex process that results from alterations in drug targets; development of alternative pathways for growth activation; changes in cellular pharmacology, including increased drug efflux; regulatory changes that alter differentiation pathways or pathways for response to environmental adversity; and/or changes in the local physiology of the cancer, such as blood supply, tissue hydrodynamics, behavior of neighboring cells, and immune system response. All of these specific mechanisms are facilitated by the intrinsic hallmarks of cancer, such as tumor cell heterogeneity, redundancy of growth-promoting pathways, increased mutation rate and/or epigenetic alterations, and the dynamic variation of tumor behavior in time and space. Understanding the relative contribution of each of these factors is further complicated by the lack of adequate in vitro models that mimic clinical cancers. Several strategies to use current knowledge of drug resistance to improve treatment of cancer are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Gottesman
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; , ,
| | - Orit Lavi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; , ,
| | - Matthew D Hall
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; , ,
| | - Jean-Pierre Gillet
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology, Molecular Physiology Research Unit-URPhyM, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium;
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Sathekge M, Maes A, Van de Wiele C, Dadachova E. Effect of AIDS on women who have sex-determined health issues. Semin Nucl Med 2015; 44:489-98. [PMID: 25362238 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, women account for a growing percentage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and more than half of all HIV infections. For many years, morphologic imaging methods were the main approaches employed to investigate HIV and its complications. However, during the past decade, advancements in PET and SPECT imaging technologies opened new possibilities for improved understanding of the pathophysiological processes in HIV. Diagnosis of early HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) is important, as many of its symptoms can be caused by other conditions common to people with HIV/AIDS. Presently, there are no PET and SPECT tracers or combination of markers for HAND, hence novel HAND-specific tracers are needed if nuclear medicine is to play a role in solving the problem of the HAND "epidemic." As both highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-induced lipoatrophy and cardiovascular diseases are characterized by ongoing inflammation, FDG-PET/CT imaging may represent an important imaging technique for better understanding the metabolic risk in HIV-infected women on HAART. HIV-infected women are at increased risk for the development of human papilloma virus-associated neoplasms such as cervical and anal carcinomas; these aggressive tumors could be treated better with integration of FDG-PET as part of the standard pretreatment workup. A similar value of FDG-PET may be realized in women with HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma, as they have more extensive cutaneous disease than men do. In the era of HAART, the incidence and local invasiveness of breast cancer may change, thus creating a need to redefine the pathophysiology of breast cancer in HIV-positive women. Finally, mammary tuberculosis, occasionally the presenting symptom in HIV-infected women, may present with nonspecific clinical, radiological, and histologic findings. In these women, FDG-PET can be of value to detect the lesion for a representative biopsy, staging to exclude pulmonary and other extrapulmonary lesions, and also for therapy monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Sathekge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Alex Maes
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Nuclear Medicine, AZ Groeninge, Kortrijk, Belgium; Department of Morphology and Medical Imaging, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Van de Wiele
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ekaterina Dadachova
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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Biodistribution of a potential chemotherapeutic, dinuclearbisphosphinogold(I) dithiocarbamate, as determined by its 198Au radiolabelled analogue. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3816-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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