1
|
Menardo E, Viola M, Bacherini A, Angelini L, Cubelli R, Balboni G. The Effects of the COVID-19-induced Lockdown on the Social Capital and Cultural Capital in Italy. SOCIAL INDICATORS RESEARCH 2023; 168:1-22. [PMID: 37362181 PMCID: PMC10234587 DOI: 10.1007/s11205-023-03140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of the first COVID-19 lockdown on the Cultural and Social Capitals in Italy in a large group of adults (n = 1125). The relationships between the COVID-19 spread and participants' Cultural Capital, Social Capital, educational level, occupational prestige, and age were studied using structural equation models. For women but not for men, pandemic spread was positively affected by occupational prestige and it had a positive relationship with their Social Capital (women: CFI = 0.949; RMSEA = 0.059 [CI = 0.045-0.075]; men: CFI = 0.959; RMSEA = 0.064 [CI = 0.039-0.087]). Moreover, the participants were divided into three validated clusters based on their Cultural and Social Capitals levels to investigate changes in the Capitals compared with the pre-lockdown period. It was found that the lockdown contributed to improving the gap among individuals increasing high levels and decreasing low levels of both the Capitals. People with high Cultural and Social Capitals seemed to have seized the opportunity given by COVID-19 restrictions to cultivate their cultural interests and become more involved within their networks. In contrast, individuals with low Cultural and Social Capitals paid the highest price for the social isolation. Given that the Capitals encourage healthy behavior and influence well-being and mental health, institutions should develop or improve their policies and practices to foster individual resources, and make fairer opportunities available during the pandemic. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11205-023-03140-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Menardo
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marta Viola
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Alice Bacherini
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Piazza G. Ermini, 1, Perugia, 06123 Italy
| | - Luana Angelini
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Piazza G. Ermini, 1, Perugia, 06123 Italy
| | - Roberto Cubelli
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Giulia Balboni
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Piazza G. Ermini, 1, Perugia, 06123 Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Marqués-Sánchez P, Martínez-Fernández MC, Leirós-Rodríguez R, Rodríguez-Nogueira Ó, Fernández-Martínez E, Benítez-Andrades JA. Leadership and contagion by COVID-19 among residence hall students: A social network analysis approach. SOCIAL NETWORKS 2023; 73:80-88. [PMID: 36628334 PMCID: PMC9816079 DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
University students have changed their behaviour due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we describe the characteristics of PCR+ and PCR- nodes, analyse the structure, and relate the structure of student leaders to pandemic contagion as determined by PCR+ in 93 residential university students. Leadership comes from the male students of social science degrees who have PCR +, with an eigenvector centrality structure, β-centrality, and who are part of the bow-tie structure. There was a significant difference in β-centrality between leaders and non-leaders and in β-centrality between PCR+ and non-leaders. Leading nodes were part of the bow-tie structure. MR-QAP results show how residence and scientific branch were the most important factors in network formation. Therefore, university leaders should consider influential leaders, as they are vectors for disseminating both positive and negative outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Marqués-Sánchez
- SALBIS Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of León, Campus of Ponferrada, 24401 Ponferrada, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Leirós-Rodríguez
- SALBIS Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of León, Campus of Ponferrada, 24401 Ponferrada, Spain
| | - Óscar Rodríguez-Nogueira
- SALBIS Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of León, Campus of Ponferrada, 24401 Ponferrada, Spain
| | - Elena Fernández-Martínez
- SALBIS Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of León, Campus of Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | - José Alberto Benítez-Andrades
- SALBIS Research Group, Department of Electric, Systems and Automatics Engineering, Universidad de León, Campus of Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ibigbami OI, Akinsulore A, Opakunle T, Seun-Fadipe C, Oginni OA, Okorie VO, Oloniniyi I, Olibamoyo O, Aloba OO, Mapayi B, Adewuya A. Psychological Distress, Anxiety, Depression, and Associated Factors Among Nigerian Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604835. [PMID: 36466008 PMCID: PMC9714461 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We determined the prevalence of psychological distress, and the associations between sociodemographic factors, anxiety, depression, COVID-19-related experiences, and psychological distress, among nurses and doctors in Nigeria. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted over a month (1st of July-31st of July 2021) among 434 Health Care Workers (HCWs) [225 (51.8%) nurses and 209 (48.2%) doctors] from two tertiary health facilities in southwestern Nigeria. Binary logistic regression was carried out to determine the factors associated with psychological distress (dependent variable), while the independent variables were anxiety, depression, and COVID-19 experience-related factors. Results: The prevalence of moderate and severe psychological distress was 49.1% and 5.8%, respectively. Individuals who had the first degree had significantly lower odds (AOR: 0.43; p = 0.037) of experiencing psychological distress while being a nurse (AOR: 2.03; p = 0.014), higher levels of anxiety (1.28; p < 0.001), and depression (AOR: 1.17; p = 0.005) were associated with significantly higher odds of experiencing moderate to severe levels of psychological distress. Conclusion: There is a high level of psychological distress experienced by these health workers. Hence, they will benefit from strategies to reduce their distress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olanrewaju Ibikunle Ibigbami
- Department of Mental Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Adesanmi Akinsulore
- Department of Mental Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Tolu Opakunle
- State Specialist Hospital, Asubiaro, Oshogbo, Nigeria
| | - Champion Seun-Fadipe
- Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Olakunle Ayokunmi Oginni
- Department of Mental Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Victor Ogbonnaya Okorie
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Ibidunni Oloniniyi
- Department of Mental Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Olushola Olibamoyo
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olutayo Olubunmi Aloba
- Department of Mental Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Boladale Mapayi
- Department of Mental Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Abiodun Adewuya
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Souma T, Komura K, Arai T, Shimada T, Kanemasa Y. Changes in Collective Efficacy's Preventive Effect on Intimate Partner Violence during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12849. [PMID: 36232148 PMCID: PMC9566722 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Following the logic of studies showing that collective efficacy within neighborhoods deters intimate partner violence (IPV), the promotion of social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic may have weakened that effect. To examine that possibility, we analyzed panel data from 318 adults in Japan regarding IPV victimization and perceived collective efficacy at four time points. A latent growth model (LGM) analysis for each measure revealed that informal social control, a subscale of collective efficacy, has declined since the pandemic began, whereas no significant changes have occurred in social cohesion and trust, another subscale of collective efficacy, and IPV victimization. Furthermore, two parallel LGM analyses revealed that although collective efficacy before the pandemic suppressed subsequent IPV victimization, changes in collective efficacy during the pandemic have been positively associated with changes in IPV. Those results suggest that collective efficacy's protective effect on IPV is moderated by whether interactions between intimate partners and their neighbors are socially normative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Souma
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 730-0053, Japan
| | - Kentaro Komura
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori 036-8560, Japan
| | - Takashi Arai
- Graduate School of Arts and Letters, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8576, Japan
| | - Takahito Shimada
- Department of Criminology and Behavioral Science, National Research Institute of Police Science, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Yuji Kanemasa
- Faculty of Psychology, Otemon Gakuin University, Osaka 567-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sato K, Kondo N, Kondo K. Pre-pandemic individual- and community-level social capital and depressive symptoms during COVID-19: A longitudinal study of Japanese older adults in 2019-21. Health Place 2022; 74:102772. [PMID: 35228058 PMCID: PMC8872828 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During a pandemic, it is important to know whether social capital can mitigate the risk of mental disorders, given the restrictions on social interactions. However, evidence using longitudinal data is scarce. This study examined the association between pre-pandemic social capital and depressive symptoms during COVID-19 among older adults. We used longitudinal data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES), including 8291 participants aged 65 or older who were physically and cognitively independent and not depressed at baseline. We conducted baseline and follow-up mail surveys in ten municipalities in Japan from November 2019 to January 2020 (pre-pandemic period) and from November 2020 to February 2021 (pandemic period), respectively. We measured depressive symptoms using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Social capital was measured with three validated subscales, namely, civic participation, social cohesion, and reciprocity. We performed a multilevel logistic regression analysis to examine the association. A total of 1089 (13.1%) participants newly developed depressive symptoms during the pandemic. The logistic regression showed that pre-pandemic individual-level social cohesion (odds ratio = 0.79, 95% confidence interval: 0.73 to 0.86) and reciprocity (0.89, 0.82 to 0.96) and community-level reciprocity (0.93, 0.88 to 0.98) were negatively associated with the odds of depressive symptoms. Even after adjusting for declines in social capital during the pandemic, the observed associations of pre-pandemic social capital remained. Fostering social cohesion and reciprocity may increase resilience to mental disorders during a pandemic of infectious disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koryu Sato
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shi W, Yuan GF, Hall BJ, Liu X, Su Y, Zhao L, Jia P. Mental Disorders and Emotional Competence Among Chinese Adolescents Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Mediation Model. Front Public Health 2021; 9:767004. [PMID: 34957019 PMCID: PMC8702639 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.767004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound influence on the mental health and well-being of individuals across the globe. Emotional competence, defined as one's ability to recognize, understand, and manage their emotions, has been found linked with mental health problems (e.g., depression and anxiety) in previous studies. However, there is limited knowledge about the direction of the association between these factors among populations exposed to COVID-19. This study examined the possible mediation relationships between depression, anxiety, emotional competence, and COVID-19 exposure among Chinese adolescents. Methods: Responses from 7,958 Chinese adolescents who had previously taken part in a two-wave study before (December 23, 2019-January 13, 2020) and during COVID-19 (June 16, 2020-July 8, 2020) were analyzed (51.67% males, mean age = 11.74, SD = 2.15). Structural equation modeling with three covariates (i.e., age, gender, and ethnicity) was used to test the longitudinal mediation relationships between COVID-19 exposure and depression, anxiety via emotional competence. Results: Results indicated that the prevalence of depression (38.67 to 36.74%) and anxiety (13.02 to 12.77%) decreased from Time 1 to Time 2. The T2 emotional competence significantly mediated the relationship between T2 COVID-19 exposure and T2 anxiety (indirect effect [95% CI] = 0.011 [0.004-0.019], p < 0.05). T2 emotional competence also significantly mediated the relationship between T2 COVID-19 exposure and T2 depression (indirect effect [95% CI] = 0.013 [0.005-0.022], p < 0.05). The results indicated that T2 emotional competence had a significant and negative influence on T2 anxiety (β = -0.266, SE = 0.005, p < 0.001), and T2 depression (β = -0.326, SE = 0.029, p < 0.001). Conclusions: This longitudinal research study demonstrated the crucial role of emotional competence in influencing the severity of long-term mental health problems, and suggested that emotional competence interventions can be conducted to improve mental well-being among Chinese adolescents exposed to COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction (IDMR), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangzhe Frank Yuan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Brian J. Hall
- Global and Community Mental Health Research Group, New York University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Office of Humanities and Social Sciences Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Su
- Department of Sociology, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA, United States
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Health Emergency Management Research Center. China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Jia
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction (IDMR), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang N, Yang S, Jia P. Cultivating Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Socioecological Perspective. Annu Rev Psychol 2021; 73:575-598. [PMID: 34579547 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-030221-031857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses wide-ranging impacts on the physical and mental health of people around the world, increasing attention from both researchers and practitioners on the topic of resilience. In this article, we review previous research on resilience from the past several decades, focusing on how to cultivate resilience during emerging situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic at the individual, organizational, community, and national levels from a socioecological perspective. Although previous research has greatly enriched our understanding of the conceptualization, predicting factors, processes, and consequences of resilience from a variety of disciplines and levels, future research is needed to gain a deeper and comprehensive understanding of resilience, including developing an integrative and interdisciplinary framework for cultivating resilience, developing an understanding of resilience from a life span perspective, and developing scalable and cost-effective interventions for enhancing resilience and improving pandemic preparedness. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 73 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- School of Public Health and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310016, China.,International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shujuan Yang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; .,International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Peng Jia
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; .,International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liao S, Luo B, Liu H, Zhao L, Shi W, Lei Y, Jia P. Bilateral associations between sleep duration and depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sleep Med 2021; 84:289-293. [PMID: 34214961 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders and the leading cause of disability among adolescents, with sleep duration as its vital influential factor. Adolescents might be mentally sensitive to the stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, the alteration of adolescents' sleep duration, depression, and their associations within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic have not been well documented. We conducted a longitudinal study, recruiting 2496 adolescents from 3 junior high schools to examine the alteration of their sleep duration and depressive symptoms before and during the pandemic, and to explore their potential association(s). Data were collected before (December 2019) and during the pandemic (July 2020). Paired samples t-test revealed a significant decrease in sleep duration and a significant increase in depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Higher grades, COVID-19 infection history, higher CES-DC score, and the COVID-19 pandemic itself might contribute to decreased sleep duration, while longer exercise duration during the pandemic might be a protective factor. According to the cross-lagged analysis, the existence of depressive symptoms before the pandemic was significantly associated with a shorter sleep duration during the pandemic (β = -0.106, p < 0.001). Previously shortened sleep duration was significantly associated with a greater likelihood of depressive symptoms during the pandemic (β = -0.082, p < 0.001). Our findings revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic has a negative influence on adolescents' mental health and sleep. Mental preparedness should be highlighted to mitigate the psychosocial influences of any possible public emergencies in the future. Sleep duration represents a viable home-based intervention for depressive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Liao
- Department of Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Biru Luo
- Department of Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wei Shi
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction (IDMR), Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yalin Lei
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Jia
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|