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Temporal regulation of nuclear factor one occupancy by calcineurin/NFAT governs a voltage-sensitive developmental switch in late maturing neurons. J Neurosci 2013; 33:2860-72. [PMID: 23407945 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3533-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrite and synapse development are critical for establishing appropriate neuronal circuits, and disrupted timing of these events can alter neural connectivity. Using microarrays, we have identified a nuclear factor I (NFI)-regulated temporal switch program linked to dendrite formation in developing mouse cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). NFI function was required for upregulation of many synapse-related genes as well as downregulation of genes expressed in immature CGNs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that a central feature of this program was temporally regulated NFI occupancy of late-expressed gene promoters. Developing CGNs undergo a hyperpolarizing shift in membrane potential, and depolarization inhibits their dendritic and synaptic maturation via activation of calcineurin (CaN) (Okazawa et al., 2009). Maintaining immature CGNs in a depolarized state blocked NFI temporal occupancy of late-expressed genes and the NFI switch program via activation of the CaN/nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic (NFATc) pathway and promotion of late-gene occupancy by NFATc4, and these mechanisms inhibited dendritogenesis. Conversely, inhibition of the CaN/NFATc pathway in CGNs maturing under physiological nondepolarizing conditions upregulated the NFI switch program, NFI temporal occupancy, and dendrite formation. NFATc4 occupied the promoters of late-expressed NFI program genes in immature mouse cerebellum, and its binding was temporally downregulated with development. Further, NFI temporal binding and switch gene expression were upregulated in the developing cerebellum of Nfatc4 (-/-) mice. These findings define a novel NFI switch and temporal occupancy program that forms a critical link between membrane potential/CaN and dendritic maturation in CGNs. CaN inhibits the program and NFI occupancy in immature CGNs by promoting NFATc4 binding to late-expressed genes. As maturing CGNs become more hyperpolarized, NFATc4 binding declines leading to onset of NFI temporal binding and the NFI switch program.
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GFAPpromoter elements required for region-specific and astrocyte-specific expression. Glia 2008; 56:481-93. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.20622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Besnard V, Wert SE, Hull WM, Whitsett JA. Immunohistochemical localization of Foxa1 and Foxa2 in mouse embryos and adult tissues. Gene Expr Patterns 2006; 5:193-208. [PMID: 15567715 DOI: 10.1016/j.modgep.2004.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2004] [Revised: 08/18/2004] [Accepted: 08/18/2004] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Forkhead box (Fox) transcription factors family Foxa1 (Hnf-3 alpha), Foxa2 (Hnf-3 beta) are known to influence gene expression in endodermally derived tissues including lung, liver, pancreas, stomach, and intestine. In the present study, we have generated highly specific antibodies for Foxa1 and Foxa2 and determined their expression patterns in the developing and adult mouse. Foxa1 and Foxa2 were detected in the nuclei of tissues derived from both foregut and hindgut endoderm (liver, lung, pancreas, stomach, intestine, prostate and bladder). Foxa2 and Foxa1 were also detected in organs deriving from ectodermal (several brain structures and olfactory epithelium) and mesodermal origins (kidney, vagina and uterus, seminal and coagulating glands) during development. Colocalization and distinct sites of expression of Foxa1 and Foxa2 indicate unique as well as overlapping roles of Foxa1 or Foxa2 during morphogenesis and in the function of different adult organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Besnard
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Russo VC, Gluckman PD, Feldman EL, Werther GA. The insulin-like growth factor system and its pleiotropic functions in brain. Endocr Rev 2005; 26:916-43. [PMID: 16131630 DOI: 10.1210/er.2004-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, much interest has been devoted to defining the role of the IGF system in the nervous system. The ubiquitous IGFs, their cell membrane receptors, and their carrier binding proteins, the IGFBPs, are expressed early in the development of the nervous system and are therefore considered to play a key role in these processes. In vitro studies have demonstrated that the IGF system promotes differentiation and proliferation and sustains survival, preventing apoptosis of neuronal and brain derived cells. Furthermore, studies of transgenic mice overexpressing components of the IGF system or mice with disruptions of the same genes have clearly shown that the IGF system plays a key role in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Russo
- Centre for Hormone Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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Scharff C, Haesler S. An evolutionary perspective on FoxP2: strictly for the birds? Curr Opin Neurobiol 2005; 15:694-703. [PMID: 16266802 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2005.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2005] [Accepted: 10/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
FoxP2 mutations in humans are associated with a disorder that affects both the comprehension of language and its production, speech. This discovery provided the first opportunity to analyze the genetics of language with molecular and neurobiological tools. The amino acid sequence and the neural expression pattern of FoxP2 are extremely conserved, from reptile to man. This suggests an important role for FoxP2 in vertebrate brains, regardless of whether they support imitative vocal learning or not. Its expression pattern pinpoints neural circuits that might have been crucial for the evolution of speech and language, including the basal ganglia and the cerebellum. Recent studies in songbirds show that during times of song plasticity FoxP2 is upregulated in a striatal region essential for song learning. This suggests that FoxP2 plays important roles both in the development of neural circuits and in the postnatal behaviors they mediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Scharff
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 73, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Animal Behavior, Grunewaldstrasse 34, 12165 Berlin, Germany.
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Wang W, Stock RE, Gronostajski RM, Wong YW, Schachner M, Kilpatrick DL. A Role for Nuclear Factor I in the Intrinsic Control of Cerebellar Granule Neuron Gene Expression. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:53491-7. [PMID: 15466411 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m410370200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nervous system formation requires the elaboration of a complex series of differentiation events in both a spatially and maturation-regulated manner. A fundamental question is how neuronal subtype specification and developmental gene expression are controlled within maturing neurons. The alpha6 subunit of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptor (GABRA6) is preferentially expressed in cerebellar granule neurons and is part of an intrinsic program directing their differentiation. We have employed a lentiviral approach to examine the transcriptional mechanisms controlling neuronal subtype-selective expression of this gene. These studies demonstrated that nuclear factor I (NFI) proteins are required for both transgenic GABRA6 promoter activity as well as endogenous expression of this gene in cerebellar granule neurons. Chromatin immunoprecipitation also showed that NFI proteins are bound to the GABRA6 promoter in these cells in vivo. Furthermore, analyses of gene knockout mice revealed that Nfia is specifically required for normal expression of the GABRA6 gene in cerebellar granule neurons. NFI expression and DNA binding activity are highly enriched in granule neurons, implicating this transcription factor family in the neuronal subtype-selective expression of the GABRA6 gene. These studies define a new role for NFI proteins as neuronal subtype-enriched transcriptional regulators that participate in an intrinsic transcriptional program directing the differentiation of cerebellar granule neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, 55 Lake Ave N., Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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Okamoto H, Nakae J, Kitamura T, Park BC, Dragatsis I, Accili D. Transgenic rescue of insulin receptor–deficient mice. J Clin Invest 2004. [DOI: 10.1172/jci200421645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Okamoto H, Nakae J, Kitamura T, Park BC, Dragatsis I, Accili D. Transgenic rescue of insulin receptor-deficient mice. J Clin Invest 2004; 114:214-23. [PMID: 15254588 PMCID: PMC449751 DOI: 10.1172/jci21645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2004] [Accepted: 05/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of different tissues in insulin action and their contribution to the pathogenesis of diabetes remain unclear. To examine this question, we have used genetic reconstitution experiments in mice. Genetic ablation of insulin receptors causes early postnatal death from diabetic ketoacidosis. We show that combined restoration of insulin receptor function in brain, liver, and pancreatic beta cells rescues insulin receptor knockout mice from neonatal death, prevents diabetes in a majority of animals, and normalizes adipose tissue content, lifespan, and reproductive function. In contrast, mice with insulin receptor expression limited to brain or liver and pancreatic beta cells are rescued from neonatal death, but develop lipoatrophic diabetes and die prematurely. These data indicate, surprisingly, that insulin receptor signaling in noncanonical insulin target tissues is sufficient to maintain fuel homeostasis and prevent diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Okamoto
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Mirnics ZK, Mirnics K, Terrano D, Lewis DA, Sisodia SS, Schor NF. DNA microarray profiling of developing PS1-deficient mouse brain reveals complex and coregulated expression changes. Mol Psychiatry 2003; 8:863-78. [PMID: 14515137 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Presenilin 1 (PS1) plays a critical role in the nervous system development and PS1 mutations have been associated with familial Alzheimer's disease. PS1-deficient mice exhibit alterations in neural and vascular development and die in late embryogenesis. The present study was aimed at uncovering transcript networks that depend on intact PS1 function in the developing brain. To achieve this, we analyzed the brains of PS1-deficient and control animals at embryonic ages E12.5 and E14.5 using MG_U74Av2 oligonucleotide microarrays by Affymetrix. Based on the microarray data, overall molecular brain development appeared to be comparable between the E12.5 and E14.5 PS1-deficient and control embryos. However, in brains of PS1-deficient mice, we observed significant differences in the expression of genes encoding molecules that are associated with neural differentiation, extracellular matrix, vascular development, Notch-related signaling and lipid metabolism. Many of the expression differences between wild-type and PS1-deficient animals were present at both E12.5 and E14.5, whereas other transcript alterations were characteristic of only one developmental stage. The results suggest that the role of PS1 in development includes influences on a highly co-regulated transcript network; some of the genes participating in this expression network may contribute to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z K Mirnics
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Kalinichenko VV, Gusarova GA, Shin B, Costa RH. The forkhead box F1 transcription factor is expressed in brain and head mesenchyme during mouse embryonic development. Gene Expr Patterns 2003; 3:153-8. [PMID: 12711542 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-133x(03)00010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The forkhead box f1 (Foxf1) transcription factor is expressed in septum transversum mesenchyme and splanchnic (visceral) mesoderm, which give rise to mesenchymal cells of gut-derived organs such as liver, gall bladder, lung, stomach, and intestine. Foxf1 -/- embryos die in utero and haploinsufficiency of the Foxf1 gene resulted in a variety of developmental abnormalities of the lung, gall bladder, esophagus, and trachea and caused defects in liver and lung repair. In this study, we used Foxf1 +/- mouse embryos containing the beta-Galactosidase (beta-Gal) gene knocked into the Foxf1 locus to examine whether Foxf1 is expressed in the developing brain and head region. In addition to previously reported Foxf1 expression patterns, beta-Gal staining was also found in the mesenchyme of developing pituitary gland, eye, pancreas, heart, notochord, genital tubercle, Meckel's cartilage, and cartilage primordia of nasal septum and vertebral bodies. In adult Foxf1 +/- mice, beta-Gal staining was detected in anterior and posterior pituitary gland, astrocytes of the cerebellum and cerebral cortex, lens and retina of the eye, tracheal cartilage, parathyroid, cortical layer of thymus, capsule of the spleen, coronary arteries, and pancreatic blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Department of Molecular Genetics (M/C 669), University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, 900 South Ashland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60607-7170, USA
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Banks KE, Anderson AL, Tang H, Hughes DE, Costa RH, McLachlan A. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 3beta inhibits hepatitis B virus replication in vivo. J Virol 2002; 76:12974-80. [PMID: 12438623 PMCID: PMC136732 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.76.24.12974-12980.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2002] [Accepted: 09/16/2002] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) transgenic mice expressing rat hepatocyte nuclear factor 3beta (HNF3beta) were generated by breeding HBV transgenic mice with transgenic mice that constitutively overexpress the rat HNF3beta polypeptide in the liver. HBV 3.5-, 2.4- and 2.1-kb transcripts were reduced 2- to 4-fold in these mice relative to the HBV transgenic mouse controls. In contrast, the abundance of viral replication intermediates was profoundly reduced in HBV transgenic mice by overexpression of HNF3beta. This results, in part, from the preferential reduction in the level of the pregenomic 3.5-kb RNA relative to the precore 3.5-kb RNA. Therefore, it is apparent that increased expression of HNF3beta modestly reduces viral transcription and dramatically inhibits replication in vivo in the HBV transgenic mouse. This suggests that altering the activity of this transcription factor in vivo in chronic HBV carriers might be therapeutically beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista E Banks
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Kalinichenko VV, Zhou Y, Shin B, Stolz DB, Watkins SC, Whitsett JA, Costa RH. Wild-type levels of the mouse Forkhead Box f1 gene are essential for lung repair. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2002; 282:L1253-65. [PMID: 12003781 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00463.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Forkhead Box (Fox) family of transcription factors plays important roles in regulating expression of genes involved in cellular proliferation and differentiation. In a previous study, we showed that newborn foxf1(+/-) mice with diminished Foxf1 levels exhibited abnormal formation of pulmonary alveoli and capillaries and died postnatally. Interestingly, surviving newborn foxf1(+/-) mice exhibited increased pulmonary Foxf1 levels and normal adult lung morphology, suggesting that wild-type Foxf1 levels are required for lung development and function. The present study was conducted to determine whether adult foxf1(+/-) mice were able to undergo lung repair similar to that observed in wild-type mice. We demonstrated that adult foxf1(+/-) mice died from severe lung hemorrhage after butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) lung injury and that this phenotype was associated with a 10-fold decrease in pulmonary Foxf1 expression and increased alveolar endothelial cell apoptosis that disrupted capillary integrity. Furthermore, BHT-induced lung hemorrhage of adult foxf1(+/-) mice was associated with a drastic reduction in expression of the Flk-1, bone morphogenetic protein-4, surfactant protein B, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule, and vascular endothelial cadherin genes, whereas the expression of these genes was either transiently diminished or increased in wild-type lungs after BHT injury. Because these proteins are critical for lung morphogenesis and endothelial homeostasis, their decreased mRNA levels are likely contributing to BHT-induced lung hemorrhage in foxf1(+/-) mice. Collectively, our data suggest that sustained expression of Foxf1 is essential for normal lung repair and endothelial cell survival in response to pulmonary cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60607-7170, USA
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