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Detante O, Legris L, Moisan A, Rome C. Cell Therapy and Functional Recovery of Stroke. Neuroscience 2024; 550:79-88. [PMID: 38013148 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the most common cause of disability. Brain repair mechanisms are often insufficient to allow a full recovery. Stroke damage involve all brain cell type and extracellular matrix which represent the crucial "glio-neurovascular niche" useful for brain plasticity. Regenerative medicine including cell therapies hold great promise to decrease post-stroke disability of many patients, by promoting both neuroprotection and neural repair through direct effects on brain lesion and/or systemic effects such as immunomodulation. Mechanisms of action vary according to each grafted cell type: "peripheral" stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), can provide paracrine trophic support, and neural stem/progenitor cells (NSC) or neurons can act as direct cells' replacements. Optimal time window, route, and doses are still debated, and may depend on the chosen medicinal product and its expected mechanism such as neuroprotection, delayed brain repair, systemic effects, or graft survival and integration in host network. MSC, mononuclear cells (MNC), umbilical cord stem cells and NSC are the most investigated. Innovative approaches are implemented concerning combinatorial approaches with growth factors and biomaterials such as injectable hydrogels which could protect a cell graft and/or deliver drugs into the post-stroke cavity at chronic stages. Through main publications of the last two decades, we provide in this review concepts and suggestions to improve future translational researches and larger clinical trials of cell therapy in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Detante
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France; Stroke Unit, Neurology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CS10217, 38043 Grenoble, France; Axe Neurosciences Cliniques - Innovative Brain Therapies, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Loic Legris
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France; Stroke Unit, Neurology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CS10217, 38043 Grenoble, France; Axe Neurosciences Cliniques - Innovative Brain Therapies, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Anaick Moisan
- Axe Neurosciences Cliniques - Innovative Brain Therapies, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; Cell Therapy and Engineering Unit, EFS Rhône Alpes, 464 route de Lancey, 38330 Saint Ismier, France.
| | - Claire Rome
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France; Stroke Unit, Neurology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CS10217, 38043 Grenoble, France; Axe Neurosciences Cliniques - Innovative Brain Therapies, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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2
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Zhu Y, Ni H, Chen Q, Qian H, Fang Y, Gao R, Liu B. Inhibition of BRD4 expression attenuates the inflammatory response and apoptosis by downregulating the HMGB-1/NF-κB signaling pathway following traumatic brain injury in rats. Neurosci Lett 2023; 812:137385. [PMID: 37423465 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays an important part in secondary traumatic brain injury (TBI). Bromodomain-4 (BRD4) exerts specific proinflammatory effects in various neuropathological conditions. However, the underlying mechanism of action of BRD4 after TBI is not known. We measured BRD4 expression after TBI and investigated its possible mechanism of action. We established a model of craniocerebral injury in rats. After different intervention measures, we used western blotting, immunofluorescence, real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, neuronal apoptosis, and behavioral tests to evaluate the effect of BRD4 on brain injury. At 72 h after brain injury, BRD4 overexpression aggravated the neuroinflammatory response, neuronal apoptosis, neurological dysfunction, and blood-brain-barrier damage, whereas upregulating expression of HMGB-1 and NF-κB had the opposite effect. Glycyrrhizic acid could reverse the proinflammatory effect of BRD4 overexpression upon TBI. Our results suggest that: (i) BRD4 may have a proinflammatory role in secondary brain injury through the HMGB-1/NF-κB signaling pathway; (ii) inhibition of BRD4 expression may play a part in secondary brain injury. BRD4 could be targeted therapy strategy for brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkui Zhu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haibo Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huan Qian
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiling Fang
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Bofei Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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3
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Sanberg PR, Morrison D, Bjugstad KB. 30 years of American Society for Neural Therapy and Repair (ASNTR): A Personal Perspective at the Intersection of Science, Politics, and Culture. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 151:105234. [PMID: 37196924 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The American Society for Neural Therapy and Repair (ASNTR) started 30 years ago in 1993 as the American Society for Neural Transplantation (ASNT), with an emphasis on neural transplantation. Through the years, the Society has been shaped as much by our expanding knowledge of neurodegenerative disorders and how to treat them as it has by politics and culture. What once felt like a leash on neuroscience research, has turned into an advantage as neural transplantation evolved into neural therapy and repair. This brief commentary provides a personalized account of our research during the Society's years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Sanberg
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Depts of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Pathology and Cell Biology, and Psychiatry. University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612.
| | - Donna Morrison
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Depts of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Pathology and Cell Biology, and Psychiatry. University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Kimberly B Bjugstad
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Depts of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Pathology and Cell Biology, and Psychiatry. University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612
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4
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Bjugstad K, Sanberg P. The boundlessness of behavioral neuroscience: A look across 30 years. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104910. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Crompton K, Godler DE, Ling L, Elwood N, Mechinaud-Heloury F, Soosay Raj T, Hsiao KC, Fleming J, Tiedemann K, Novak I, Fahey M, Wang X, Lee KJ, Colditz PB, Edwards P, Reddihough D. Umbilical Cord Blood Cell Clearance Post-Infusion in Immune-Competent Children with Cerebral Palsy. Cells Tissues Organs 2022; 212:546-553. [PMID: 36261026 DOI: 10.1159/000527612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood cells have therapeutic potential for neurological disorders, through a paracrine mechanism of action. A greater understanding of the safety and immunological effects of allogeneic donor cord blood cells in the context of a healthy recipient immune system, such as in cerebral palsy, is needed. This study aimed to determine how quickly donor cord blood cells were cleared from the circulation in children with cerebral palsy who received a single intravenous infusion of 12/12 human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-matched sibling cord blood cells. Twelve participants with cerebral palsy aged 2-12 years received cord blood cell infusions as part of a phase I trial of umbilical blood infusion for cerebral palsy. Digital droplet PCR analysis of DNA copy number variants specific to donor and recipient was used to assess donor DNA clearance at five timepoints post-infusion, a surrogate measure of cell clearance. Donor cells were cleared by 3 months post-infusion in 11/12 participants. When detected, donor DNA was at a fraction of 0.01-0.31% of total DNA with no signs of graft-versus-host disease in any participant. The donor DNA clearance times provided by this study have important implications for understanding the safety of allogeneic cord blood cell infusion for cerebral palsy and translational tissue engineering or regenerative medicine research in other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Crompton
- Neurodisability and Rehabilitation, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Neurodevelopment and Disability, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David E Godler
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Diagnosis and Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ling Ling
- Diagnosis and Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ngaire Elwood
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Blood Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- BMDI Cord Blood Bank, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Trisha Soosay Raj
- Children's Cancer Centre, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Oncology, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kuang-Chih Hsiao
- Allergy Immunology, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Immunology, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
- Paediatrics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jacqueline Fleming
- Children's Cancer Centre, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Iona Novak
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Fahey
- Paediatric Neurology, Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine J Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul B Colditz
- Grantley Stable Neonatal Unit, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Perinatal Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Priya Edwards
- Queensland Paediatric Rehabilitation Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, The Univeristy of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dinah Reddihough
- Neurodisability and Rehabilitation, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Neurodevelopment and Disability, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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6
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Safety of sibling cord blood cell infusion for children with cerebral palsy. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:931-939. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Pischiutta F, Caruso E, Lugo A, Cavaleiro H, Stocchetti N, Citerio G, Salgado A, Gallus S, Zanier ER. Systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies testing mesenchymal stromal cells for traumatic brain injury. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:71. [PMID: 34716332 PMCID: PMC8556393 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are widely used in preclinical models of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Results are promising in terms of neurological improvement but are hampered by wide variability in treatment responses. We made a systematic review and meta-analysis: (1) to assess the quality of evidence for MSC treatment in TBI rodent models; (2) to determine the effect size of MSCs on sensorimotor function, cognitive function, and anatomical damage; (3) to identify MSC-related and protocol-related variables associated with greater efficacy; (4) to understand whether MSC manipulations boost therapeutic efficacy. The meta-analysis included 80 studies. After TBI, MSCs improved sensorimotor and cognitive deficits and reduced anatomical damage. Stratified meta-analysis on sensorimotor outcome showed similar efficacy for different MSC sources and for syngeneic or xenogenic transplants. Efficacy was greater when MSCs were delivered in the first-week post-injury, and when implanted directly into the lesion cavity. The greatest effect size was for cells embedded in matrices or for MSC-derivatives. MSC therapy is effective in preclinical TBI models, improving sensorimotor, cognitive, and anatomical outcomes, with large effect sizes. These findings support clinical studies in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pischiutta
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Caruso
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lugo
- Laboratory of Lifestyle Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Helena Cavaleiro
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Stemmatters, Biotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nino Stocchetti
- Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplants, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Citerio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - António Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Silvano Gallus
- Laboratory of Lifestyle Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa R Zanier
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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8
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Bonilla C, Zurita M. Cell-Based Therapies for Traumatic Brain Injury: Therapeutic Treatments and Clinical Trials. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060669. [PMID: 34200905 PMCID: PMC8230536 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents physical damage to the brain tissue that induces transitory or permanent neurological disabilities. TBI contributes to 50% of all trauma deaths, with many enduring long-term consequences and significant medical and rehabilitation costs. There is currently no therapy to reverse the effects associated with TBI. An increasing amount of research has been undertaken regarding the use of different stem cells (SCs) to treat the consequences of brain damage. Neural stem cells (NSCs) (adult and embryonic) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown efficacy in pre-clinical models of TBI and in their introduction to clinical research. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of TBI and the state of clinical trials aimed at evaluating the use of stem cell-based therapies in TBI. The primary aim of these studies is to investigate the safety and efficacy of the use of SCs to treat this disease. Although an increasing number of studies are being carried out, few results are currently available. In addition, we present our research regarding the use of cell therapy in TBI. There is still a significant lack of understanding regarding the cell therapy mechanisms for the treatment of TBI. Thus, future studies are needed to evaluate the feasibility of the transplantation of SCs in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Bonilla
- Cell Therapy Unit, Puerta de Hierro Hospital, 28222 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-191-7879
| | - Mercedes Zurita
- Cell Therapy Unit Responsable, Puerta de Hierro Hospital, 28222 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain;
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Segler A, Braun T, Fischer HS, Dukatz R, Weiss CR, Schwickert A, Jäger C, Bührer C, Henrich W. Feasibility of Umbilical Cord Blood Collection in Neonates at Risk of Brain Damage-A Step Toward Autologous Cell Therapy for a High-risk Population. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:963689721992065. [PMID: 33631961 PMCID: PMC7917411 DOI: 10.1177/0963689721992065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence for umbilical cord blood (UCB) cell therapies as a potential intervention for neurological diseases is emerging. To date, most existing trials worked with allogenic cells, as the collection of autologous UCB from high-risk patients is challenging. In obstetric emergencies the collection cannot be planned. In preterm infants, late cord clamping and anatomic conditions may reduce the availability. The aim of the present study was to assess the feasibility of UCB collection in neonates at increased risk of brain damage. Infants from four high-risk groups were included: newborns with perinatal hypoxemia, gestational age (GA) ≤30 + 0 weeks and/or birthweight <1,500 g, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), or monochorionic twins with twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). Feasibility of collection, quantity and quality of obtained UCB [total nucleated cell count (TNC), volume, sterility, and cell viability], and neonatal outcome were assessed. UCB collection was successful in 141 of 177 enrolled patients (hypoxemia n = 10; GA ≤30 + 0 weeks n = 54; IUGR n = 71; TTTS n = 6). Twenty-six cases were missed. The amount of missed cases per month declined over the time. Volume of collected UCB ranged widely (median: 24.5 ml, range: 5.0–102 ml) and contained a median of 0.77 × 108 TNC (range: 0.01–13.0 × 108). TNC and UCB volume correlated significantly with GA. A total of 10.7% (19/177) of included neonates developed brain lesions. To conclude, collection of UCB in neonates at high risk of brain damage is feasible with a multidisciplinary approach and intensive training. High prevalence of brain damage makes UCB collection worthwhile. Collected autologous UCB from mature neonates harbors a sufficient cell count for potential therapy. However, quality and quantity of obtained UCB are critical for potential therapy in preterm infants. Therefore, for extremely preterm infants alternative cell sources such as UCB tissue should be investigated for autologous treatment options because of the low yield of UCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Segler
- Department of Obstetrics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Braun
- Department of Obstetrics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of "Experimental Obstetrics" and Study group "Perinatal Programming", Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Stefan Fischer
- Department of Neonatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ricarda Dukatz
- Department of Obstetrics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claire-Rachel Weiss
- Department of Obstetrics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Schwickert
- Department of Obstetrics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Jäger
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaüt Muünchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Bührer
- Department of Neonatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Henrich
- Department of Obstetrics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Chang Y, Lin S, Li Y, Liu S, Ma T, Wei W. Umbilical cord blood CD34 + cells administration improved neurobehavioral status and alleviated brain injury in a mouse model of cerebral palsy. Childs Nerv Syst 2021; 37:2197-2205. [PMID: 33559728 PMCID: PMC8263416 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-021-05068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common neuromuscular disease in children, and currently, there is no cure. Several studies have reported the benefits of umbilical cord blood (UCB) cell treatment for CP. However, these studies either examined the effects of UCB cell fraction with a short experimental period or used neonatal rat models for a long-term study which displayed an insufficient immunological reaction and clearance of human stem cells. Here, we developed a CP model by hypoxia-ischemic injury (HI) using immunodeficient mice and examined the effects of human UCB CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) on CP therapy over a period of 8 weeks. METHODS Sixty postnatal day-9 (P9) mouse pups were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 15/group) as follows: (1) sham operation (control group), (2) HI-induced CP model, (3) CP model with CD34+ HSC transplantation, and (4) CP model with CD34- cell transplantation. Eight weeks after insult, the sensorimotor performance was analyzed by rotarod treadmill, gait dynamic, and open field assays. The pathological changes in brain tissue of mice were determined by HE staining, Nissl staining, and MBP immunohistochemistry of the hippocampus in the mice. RESULTS HI brain injury in mice pups resulted in significant behavioral deficits and loss of neurons. Both CD34+ HSCs and CD34- cells improved the neurobehavioral statuses and alleviated the pathological brain injury. In comparison with CD34- cells, the CD34+ HSC compartments were more effective. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that CD34+ HSC transplantation was neuroprotective in neonatal mice and could be an effective therapy for CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqun Chang
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shouheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Guangdong Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangzhou Municipality Tianhe Nuoya Bio-engineering Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China.
| | - Song Liu
- Guangzhou Reborn Health Management Consultation Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianbao Ma
- Guangdong Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou, China ,Guangzhou Municipality Tianhe Nuoya Bio-engineering Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Guangdong Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou, China ,Guangzhou Municipality Tianhe Nuoya Bio-engineering Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
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11
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Lacalle-Aurioles M, Cassel de Camps C, Zorca CE, Beitel LK, Durcan TM. Applying hiPSCs and Biomaterials Towards an Understanding and Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:594304. [PMID: 33281561 PMCID: PMC7689345 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.594304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of disability and mortality in children and young adults and has a profound impact on the socio-economic wellbeing of patients and their families. Initially, brain damage is caused by mechanical stress-induced axonal injury and vascular dysfunction, which can include hemorrhage, blood-brain barrier disruption, and ischemia. Subsequent neuronal degeneration, chronic inflammation, demyelination, oxidative stress, and the spread of excitotoxicity can further aggravate disease pathology. Thus, TBI treatment requires prompt intervention to protect against neuronal and vascular degeneration. Rapid advances in the field of stem cells (SCs) have revolutionized the prospect of repairing brain function following TBI. However, more than that, SCs can contribute substantially to our knowledge of this multifaced pathology. Research, based on human induced pluripotent SCs (hiPSCs) can help decode the molecular pathways of degeneration and recovery of neuronal and glial function, which makes these cells valuable tools for drug screening. Additionally, experimental approaches that include hiPSC-derived engineered tissues (brain organoids and bio-printed constructs) and biomaterials represent a step forward for the field of regenerative medicine since they provide a more suitable microenvironment that enhances cell survival and grafting success. In this review, we highlight the important role of hiPSCs in better understanding the molecular pathways of TBI-related pathology and in developing novel therapeutic approaches, building on where we are at present. We summarize some of the most relevant findings for regenerative therapies using biomaterials and outline key challenges for TBI treatments that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lacalle-Aurioles
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Camille Cassel de Camps
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cornelia E Zorca
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lenore K Beitel
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas M Durcan
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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12
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Venkat P, Culmone L, Chopp M, Landschoot-Ward J, Wang F, Zacharek A, Chen J. HUCBC Treatment Improves Cognitive Outcome in Rats With Vascular Dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:258. [PMID: 32973489 PMCID: PMC7461871 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second common cause of dementia after Alzheimer's disease in older people. Yet, there are no FDA approved drugs specifically for VaD. In this study, we have investigated the therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord blood cells (HUCBC) treatment on the cognitive outcome, white matter (WM) integrity, and glymphatic system function in rats subject to a multiple microinfarction (MMI) model of VaD. Methods: Male, retired breeder rats were subjected to the MMI model (800 ± 100 cholesterol crystals/300 μl injected into the internal carotid artery), and 3 days later were treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or HUCBC (5 × 106, i.v.). Sham rats were included as naïve control. Following a battery of cognitive tests, rats were sacrificed at 28 days after MMI and brains extracted for immunohistochemical evaluation and Western blot analysis. To evaluate the glymphatic function, fluorescent tracers (Texas Red dextran, MW: 3 kD and FITC-dextran, MW: 500 kD) was injected into the cisterna magna over 30 min at 14 days after MMI. Rats (3-4/group/time point) were sacrificed at 30 min, 3 h, and 6 h, and the tracer movement analyzed using laser scanning confocal microscopy. Results: Compared to control MMI rats, HUCBC treated MMI rats exhibit significantly improved short-term memory and long-term memory exhibited by increased discrimination index in novel object recognition task with retention delay of 4 h and improved novel odor recognition task with retention delay of 24 h, respectively. HUCBC treatment also improves spatial learning and memory as measured using the Morris water maze test compared to control MMI rats. HUCBC treatment significantly increases axon and myelin density increases oligodendrocyte and oligodendrocyte progenitor cell number and increases Synaptophysin expression in the brain compared to control MMI rats. HUCBC treatment of MMI in rats significantly improves glymphatic function by reversing MMI induced delay in the penetration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the brain parenchyma via glymphatic pathways and reversing delayed clearance from the brain. HUCBC treatment significantly increases miR-126 expression in serum, aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expression around cerebral vessels, and decreases transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) protein expression in the brain which may contribute to HUCBC induced improved glymphatic function. Conclusions: HUCBC treatment of an MMI rat model of VaD promotes WM remodeling and improves glymphatic function which together may aid in the improvement of cognitive function and memory. Thus, HUCBC treatment warrants further investigation as a potential therapy for VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Venkat
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Lauren Culmone
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | | | - Fengjie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Alex Zacharek
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jieli Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
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Crompton K, Novak I, Fahey M, Badawi N, Wallace E, Lee K, Mechinaud-Heloury F, Colditz PB, Elwood N, Edwards P, Reddihough D. Single group multisite safety trial of sibling cord blood cell infusion to children with cerebral palsy: study protocol and rationale. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e034974. [PMID: 32152173 PMCID: PMC7064081 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common physical disability of childhood but has no cure. Stem cells have the potential to improve brain injury and are proposed as a therapy for CP. However, many questions remain unanswered about the most appropriate cell type, timing of infusions, dose required and associated risks. Therefore, human safety and efficacy trials are necessary to progress knowledge in the field. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a single group study with sample size n=12 to investigate safety of single-dose intravenous 12/12 human leucocyte antigen-matched sibling cord blood cell infusion to children with CP aged 1-16 years without immune suppression. The study is similar to a 3+3 design, where the first two groups of participants have severe CP, and the final six participants include children with all motor severities. Children will be monitored for adverse events and the duration that donor cells are detected. Assessments at baseline, 3 and 12 months will investigate safety and preliminary evidence of change in gross motor, fine motor, cognitive and quality of life outcomes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Full approval was obtained from The Royal Children's Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee, and a clinical trial notification was accepted by Australia's Therapeutic Goods Administration. Participant guardian informed consent will be obtained before any study procedures. The main results of this study will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12616000403437, NCT03087110.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Crompton
- Neurodisability and Rehabilitation, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neurodevelopment and Disability, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iona Novak
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Fahey
- Paediatric Neurology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nadia Badawi
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Grace Centre for Newborn Care, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Euan Wallace
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Lee
- Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Paul B Colditz
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ngaire Elwood
- Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cell Biology, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Priya Edwards
- Queensland Paediatric Rehabilitation Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dinah Reddihough
- Neurodisability and Rehabilitation, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neurodevelopment and Disability, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Chrostek MR, Fellows EG, Guo WL, Swanson WJ, Crane AT, Cheeran MC, Low WC, Grande AW. Efficacy of Cell-Based Therapies for Traumatic Brain Injuries. Brain Sci 2019; 9:E270. [PMID: 31658732 PMCID: PMC6826445 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are a leading cause of death and disability. Additionally, growing evidence suggests a link between TBI-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders. Treatments for TBI patients are limited, largely focused on rehabilitation therapy, and ultimately, fail to provide long-term neuroprotective or neurorestorative benefits. Because of the prevalence of TBI and lack of viable treatments, new therapies are needed which can promote neurological recovery. Cell-based treatments are a promising avenue because of their potential to provide multiple therapeutic benefits. Cell-based therapies can promote neuroprotection via modulation of inflammation and promote neurorestoration via induction of angiogenesis and neurogenesis. Neural stem/progenitor cell transplantations have been investigated in preclinical TBI models for their ability to directly contribute to neuroregeneration, form neural-like cells, and improve recovery. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been investigated in clinical trials through multiple different routes of administration. Intravenous administration of MSCs appears most promising, demonstrating a robust safety profile, correlation with neurological improvements, and reductions in systemic inflammation following TBI. While still preliminary, evidence suggests cell-based therapies may become a viable treatment for TBI based on their ability to promote neuroregeneration and reduce inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Chrostek
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Emily G Fellows
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Winston L Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - William J Swanson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Andrew T Crane
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Maxim C Cheeran
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| | - Walter C Low
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Andrew W Grande
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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15
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Boruczkowski D, Pujal JM, Zdolińska-Malinowska I. Autologous cord blood in children with cerebral palsy: a review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2433. [PMID: 31100943 PMCID: PMC6566649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this narrative review is to report on the current knowledge regarding the clinical use of umbilical cord blood (CB) based on articles from PubMed and clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that CB may be used for both early diagnostics and treatment of cerebral palsy. The acidity of CB and its biochemical parameters, including dozens of cytokines, growth factors, and other metabolites (such as amino acids, acylcarnitines, phosphatidylcholines, succinate, glycerol, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and O-phosphocholine) are predictors of future neurodevelopment. In addition, several clinical studies confirmed the safety and efficacy of CB administration in both autologous and allogeneic models, including a meta-analysis of five clinical trials involving a total of 328 participants. Currently, nine clinical trials assessing the use of autologous umbilical CB in children diagnosed with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy or cerebral palsy are in progress. The total population assessed in these trials exceeds 2500 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Boruczkowski
- Polski Bank Komórek Macierzystych S.A. (FamiCord Group), Jana Pawła II 29, 00-867 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Josep-Maria Pujal
- Sevibe Cells, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la UdG, C/Pic de Peguera No. 11, 17003 Girona, Spain.
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16
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Srivastava AK, Prabhakara KS, Kota DJ, Bedi SS, Triolo F, Brown KS, Skiles ML, Brown HL, Cox CS, Olson SD. Human umbilical cord blood cells restore vascular integrity in injured rat brain and modulate inflammation in vitro. Regen Med 2019; 14:295-307. [PMID: 31074319 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Traumatic brain injury is a complex condition consisting of a mechanical injury with neurovascular disruption and inflammation with limited clinical interventions available. A growing number of studies report systemic delivery of human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) as a therapy for neural injuries. Materials & methods: HUCB cells from five donors were tested to improve blood-brain barrier integrity in a traumatic brain injury rat model at a dose of 2.5 × 107 cells/kg at 24 or 72 h postinjury and for immunomodulatory activity in vitro. Results & Conclusion: We observed that cells delivered 72 h postinjury significantly restored blood-brain barrier integrity. HUCB cells reduced the amount of TNF-α and IFN-γ released by activated primary rat splenocytes, which correlated with the expression of COX2 and IDO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Srivastava
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Karthik S Prabhakara
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Daniel J Kota
- Emory Personalized Immunotherapy Core Labs, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Supinder S Bedi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fabio Triolo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | - Charles S Cox
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Scott D Olson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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17
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Pischiutta F, Sammali E, Parolini O, Carswell HVO, Zanier ER. Placenta-Derived Cells for Acute Brain Injury. Cell Transplant 2019; 27:151-167. [PMID: 29562781 PMCID: PMC6434489 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717732992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute brain injury resulting from ischemic/hemorrhagic or traumatic damage is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide and is a significant burden to society. Neuroprotective options to counteract brain damage are very limited in stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Given the multifaceted nature of acute brain injury and damage progression, several therapeutic targets may need to be addressed simultaneously to interfere with the evolution of the injury and improve the patient’s outcome. Stem cells are ideal candidates since they act on various mechanisms of protection and repair, improving structural and functional outcomes after experimental stroke or TBI. Stem cells isolated from placenta offer advantages due to their early embryonic origin, ease of procurement, and ethical acceptance. We analyzed the evidence for the beneficial effects of placenta-derived stem cells in acute brain injury, with the focus on experimental studies of TBI and stroke, the engineering strategies pursued to foster cell potential, and characterization of the bioactive molecules secreted by placental cells, known as their secretome, as an alternative cell-free strategy. Results from the clinical application of placenta-derived stem cells for acute brain injury and ongoing clinical trials are summarily discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pischiutta
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Eliana Sammali
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.,2 Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Ornella Parolini
- 3 Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy.,4 Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Hilary V O Carswell
- 5 Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa R Zanier
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
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18
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Ashammakhi N, Ahadian S, Darabi MA, El Tahchi M, Lee J, Suthiwanich K, Sheikhi A, Dokmeci MR, Oklu R, Khademhosseini A. Minimally Invasive and Regenerative Therapeutics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804041. [PMID: 30565732 PMCID: PMC6709364 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Advances in biomaterial synthesis and fabrication, stem cell biology, bioimaging, microsurgery procedures, and microscale technologies have made minimally invasive therapeutics a viable tool in regenerative medicine. Therapeutics, herein defined as cells, biomaterials, biomolecules, and their combinations, can be delivered in a minimally invasive way to regenerate different tissues in the body, such as bone, cartilage, pancreas, cardiac, skeletal muscle, liver, skin, and neural tissues. Sophisticated methods of tracking, sensing, and stimulation of therapeutics in vivo using nano-biomaterials and soft bioelectronic devices provide great opportunities to further develop minimally invasive and regenerative therapeutics (MIRET). In general, minimally invasive delivery methods offer high yield with low risk of complications and reduced costs compared to conventional delivery methods. Here, minimally invasive approaches for delivering regenerative therapeutics into the body are reviewed. The use of MIRET to treat different tissues and organs is described. Although some clinical trials have been performed using MIRET, it is hoped that such therapeutics find wider applications to treat patients. Finally, some future perspective and challenges for this emerging field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mohammad Ali Darabi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mario El Tahchi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- LBMI, Department of Physics, Lebanese University - Faculty of Sciences 2, PO Box 90656, Jdeidet, Lebanon
| | - Junmin Lee
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kasinan Suthiwanich
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Amir Sheikhi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mehmet R. Dokmeci
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rahmi Oklu
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Center of Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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19
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Yurt KK, Kivrak EG, Altun G, Mohamed H, Ali F, Gasmalla HE, Kaplan S. A brief update on physical and optical disector applications and sectioning-staining methods in neuroscience. J Chem Neuroanat 2018; 93:16-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Jiao Y, Li XY, Liu J. A New Approach to Cerebral Palsy Treatment: Discussion of the Effective Components of Umbilical Cord Blood and its Mechanisms of Action. Cell Transplant 2018; 28:497-509. [PMID: 30384766 PMCID: PMC7103597 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718809658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) includes a group of persistent non-progressive disorders
affecting movement, muscle tone, and/or posture. The total economic loss during
the life-span of an individual with CP places a heavy financial burden on such
patients and their families worldwide; however, a complete cure is still
lacking. Umbilical cord blood (UCB)-based interventions are emerging as a
scientifically plausible treatment and possible cure for CP. Stem cells have
been used in many experimental CP animal models and achieved good results.
Compared with other types of stem cells, those from UCB have advantages in terms
of treatment safety and efficacy, ethics, non-neoplastic proliferation,
accessibility, ease of preservation, and regulation of immune responses, based
on findings in animal models and clinical trials. Currently, the use of
UCB-based interventions for CP is limited as the components of UCB are complex
and possess different therapeutic mechanisms. These can be categorized by three
aspects: homing and neuroregeneration, trophic factor secretion, and
neuroprotective effects. Our review summarizes the features of active components
of UCB and their therapeutic mechanism of action. This review highlights current
research findings and clinical evidence regarding UCB that contribute to
treatment suggestions, inform decision-making for therapeutic interventions, and
help to direct future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- 1 Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- 1 Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- 1 Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
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Abstract
Neurological injury is the primary lethal mechanism of injury in children, and the primary etiology of long-term disability after trauma. Laboratories and clinical/translational teams have sought to develop stem/progenitor cell therapies to improve recovery in a clinical setting in which there is no significant reparative option. While none of these treatments are currently standard therapeutics, phase IIb clinical trials are underway in both adults and children in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and phase I/IIa trials in spinal cord injury. This review will characterize the cell therapy strategies: cell replacement and tissue integration vs. immunomodulation/enhanced endogenous tissue repair. TBI is somewhat different from other central nervous system injuries (spinal cord injury and stroke), in that TBI is a diffuse injury, whereas spinal cord injury and stroke are anatomically discrete. Importantly, this drives cell therapy approaches, as TBI is less apt to be treatable with a local cell replacement intervention. More localized injuries may be more amenable to local approaches and cell replacement to bridge focal gaps. This review focuses on a few reports in the field that highlight areas of progress, but is not intended to be a comprehensive survey of the state of regenerative medicine for neurological injuries.
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22
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Umbilical cord blood cells for treatment of cerebral palsy; timing and treatment options. Pediatr Res 2018; 83:333-344. [PMID: 28937975 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral palsy is the most common cause of physical disability in children, and there is no cure. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) cell therapy for the treatment of children with cerebral palsy is currently being assessed in clinical trials. Although there is much interest in the use of UCB stem cells for neuroprotection and neuroregeneration, the mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Further, UCB contains many stem and progenitor cells of interest, and we will point out that individual cell types within UCB may elicit specific effects. UCB is a clinically proven source of hemotopoietic stem cells (HSCs). It also contains mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and immunosupressive cells such as regulatory T cells (Tregs) and monocyte-derived supressor cells. Each of these cell types may be individual candidates for the prevention of brain injury following hypoxic and inflammatory events in the perinatal period. We will discuss specific properties of cell types in UCB, with respect to their therapeutic potential and the importance of optimal timing of administration. We propose that tailored cell therapy and targeted timing of administration will optimize the results for future clinical trials in the neuroprotective treatment of perinatal brain injury.
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23
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From cord to caudate: characterizing umbilical cord blood stem cells and their paracrine interactions with the injured brain. Pediatr Res 2018; 83:205-213. [PMID: 28981488 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are proving to be a promising therapy for a wide range of pediatric disorders, from neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy to pediatric leukemia. Owing to their low immunogenicity and ease of availability, umbilical cord blood (UCB) progenitor cells are increasingly replacing fetal- and adult-derived cells in therapeutic settings. Multiple environmental and demographic factors affect the number and type of stem cells extracted from UCB, and these differences have been associated with disparities in outcomes after transplantation. To avoid variations in efficacy, as well as the potential adverse effects of stem cell transplantation, evaluation of the stem cell secretome is critical to identify key paracrine signals released by the stem cells that could be used to provide similar neuroprotective effects to stem cell transplantation. This article describes the cell types found in UCB and reviews the available literature surrounding the effects of collection timing and volume, maternal risk factors, delivery characteristics, and neonatal demographics on the cellular composition of UCB. In addition, the current findings regarding the stem cell secretome are discussed to identify factors that could be used to supplement or replace stem cell transplantation in pediatric neuroprotection.
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24
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Gincberg G, Shohami E, Trembovler V, Alexandrovich AG, Lazarovici P, Elchalal U. Nerve growth factor plays a role in the neurotherapeutic effect of a CD45 + pan-hematopoietic subpopulation derived from human umbilical cord blood in a traumatic brain injury model. Cytotherapy 2017; 20:245-261. [PMID: 29274773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) is an important source of stem cells for therapy of hematopoietic disorders and is a potential therapy for various neurological disorders, including traumatic brain injury (TBI). The expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptors TrkA, p75NTR and α9β1 integrin on an HUCB CD45+ pan-hematopoietic subpopulation was investigated in the context of its neurotherapeutic potential after TBI. METHODS NGF and its receptors were detected on CD45+ cells by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry analysis and confocal microscopy. CD45+ cells were stimulated by TBI brain extracts, and NGF levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. TBI mice were divided into six groups for xenogeneic intravenous transplantation, 1 day post-trauma, with 1 × 106 CD45+ cells untreated or treated with the anti-NGF neutralizing antibody K252a, a TrkA antagonist; VLO5, an α9β1 disintegrin; or negative (vehicle) and positive (NGF) controls. RESULTS The HUCB CD45+ subpopulation constitutively expresses NGF and its receptors, mainly TrkA and p75NTR and minor levels of α9β1. In vitro experiments provided evidence that trauma-related mediators from brain extracts of TBI mice induced release of NGF from HUCB CD45+ cell cultures. HUCB CD45+ cells induced a neurotherapeutic effect in TBI mice, abrogated by cell treatment with either anti-NGF antibody or K252a, but not VLO5. CONCLUSIONS These findings strengthen the role of NGF and its TrkA receptor in the HUCB CD45+ subpopulation's neurotherapeutic effect. The presence of neurotrophin receptors in the HUCB CD45+ pan-hematopoietic subpopulation may explain the neuroprotective effect of cord blood in therapy of a variety of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galit Gincberg
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Esther Shohami
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Victoria Trembovler
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexander G Alexandrovich
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Uriel Elchalal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Gincberg G, Shohami E, Lazarovici P, Elchalal U. Human Umbilical Cord Blood CD45 + Pan-Hematopoietic Cells Induced a Neurotherapeutic Effect in Mice with Traumatic Brain Injury: Immunophenotyping, Comparison of Maternal and Neonatal Parameters, and Immunomodulation. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 64:185-199. [PMID: 29249007 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-1008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) transplantation has become an alternative cell therapy for hematological and oncological malignancies in the clinic and is considered for neurological disorders. The heterogeneity in the content of the different stem and progenitor cells composing HUCB mononuclear cells (MNC) may influence their engraftment and neurotherapeutic effect. We hypothesized that CD45 pan-hematopoietic marker expression is heterogeneous in MNC, and therefore, CD45+ subpopulation enrichment for neurotherapy may provide a tool to overcome cellular variance in different HUCB units. We employed an immunomagnetic separation method to isolate and characterize HUCB CD45+ pan-hematopoietic subpopulation and to investigate whether the vaginal or cesarean deliveries influence their neurotherapeutic effect in a traumatic brain injury (TBI) mouse model. Adult C57BL/6J male mice were subjected to moderate TBI and intravenously xenotransplanted with 1 × 106 CD45+ cells derived from either vaginal or cesarean HUCB units. A large heterogeneity in the expression of CD45 marker in MNC, both in vaginal and cesarean HUCB units, was found, regardless of the number of live births. A higher expression of hematopoietic markers was found in the CD45+ subpopulation while low expressional levels of typical mesenchymal markers were detected. Neurotherapeutic effects, evaluated with an established neurological severity score and novel object recognition test, indicated improved functional motor and memory recovery and found independent of delivery type. Cytokine analysis in extracts of TBI brain cortices indicated an acute immunomodulatory effect by HUCB CD45+ subpopulation upon xenotransplantation. These results may provide insights to CD45 marker as a predictor of HUCB units' quality for neurotherapy in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galit Gincberg
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Esther Shohami
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Uriel Elchalal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Sun L, Zhao M, Liu M, Su P, Zhang J, Li Y, Yang X, Wu Z. Suppression of FoxO3a attenuates neurobehavioral deficits after traumatic brain injury through inhibiting neuronal autophagy. Behav Brain Res 2017; 337:271-279. [PMID: 28889023 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious insult that frequently leads to neurological impairments. Forkhead box O (FoxO) 3a, as transcription factor, has been confirmed to modulate autophagic process. Moreover, FoxO3a is expressed throughout the brain including the hippocampus. However, the role of FoxO3a in the pathophysiology of TBI is unclear. The present study is designed to investigate whether FoxO3a has the neuroprotective effects on rats subjected to TBI, and further to explore the potential molecular mechanisms. Thus, a rat model of TBI was created by using a modified weight-drop device to mimic the insults of TBI. The results showed that FoxO3a was significantly increased in the serum of patients with TBI as well as in experimental animals. Furthermore, our data also demonstrated that TBI stimulated the translocation of FoxO3a from the cytosol to the nucleus. Additionally, we found that knockdown of FoxO3a by siRNA silencing significantly improved neurobehavioral dysfunctions and conferred a better neuroprotective effects after TBI, evidenced by promoting motor behavioral recovery, attenuating learning and memory impairments, and partially reversing neuronal damage in the hippocampus. To further investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying this neuroprotection, we identified that nuclear accumulation of Foxo3a could induce highly expression of autophagy pathway genes including LC-3, Beclin-1, p62, ATG12, and ATG14, and finally initiate neurological impairments. Interestingly, silencing FoxO3a by siRNA remarkably inhibited the induction of neuronal autophagy after TBI, and activated autophagy was closely related to TBI-induced neurological deficits. Taken together, these findings indicated that FoxO3a knockdown conferred neuroprotective effects after TBI through inhibiting the activation of neuronal autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqian Sun
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Manman Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Man Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Peng Su
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Youxiang Li
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xinjian Yang
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhongxue Wu
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
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Sagen J, Whittemore SR. Emerging Strategies in Neural Transplantation and Repair: A Special Issue Based on the Eighth Annual Conference. Cell Transplant 2017; 11:181-183. [PMID: 28858599 DOI: 10.3727/096020198389906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Sagen
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis University of Miami School of Medicine The Lois Pope LIFE Center 1095 NW 14th Terrace (R-48) Miami, FL 33101
| | - Scott R Whittemore
- Department of Neurological Surgery University of Louisville SOM 210 E Gray St Ste 1102 Louisville, KY 40202
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28
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Emerich DF. Article Commentary: The Convergence of Cell Transplantation and Nanoengineering. Cell Transplant 2017; 13:477-9. [PMID: 15565859 DOI: 10.3727/000000004783983657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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29
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Newcomb JD, Sanberg PR, Klasko SK, Willing AE. Umbilical Cord Blood Research: Current and Future Perspectives. Cell Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.3727/000000007783464623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) banking has become a new obstetrical trend. It offers expectant parents a biological insurance policy that can be used in the event of a child or family member's life-threatening illness and puts patients in a position of control over their own treatment options. However, its graduation to conventional therapy in the clinical realm relies on breakthrough research that will prove its efficacy for a range of ailments. Expanding the multipotent cells found within the mononuclear fraction of UCB so that adequate dosing can be achieved, effectively expanding desired cells ex vivo, establishing its safety and limitations in HLA-mismatched recipients, defining its mechanisms of action, and proving its utility in a wide variety of both rare and common illnesses and diseases are a few of the challenges left to tackle. Nevertheless, the field is moving fast and new UCB-based therapies are on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D. Newcomb
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Paul R. Sanberg
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Stephen K. Klasko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alison E. Willing
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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30
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Borlongan CV, Hess DC. Article Commentary: G-CSF-Mobilized Human Peripheral Blood for Transplantation Therapy in Stroke. Cell Transplant 2017; 12:447-448. [DOI: 10.3727/000000003108746876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cesar V. Borlongan
- Department of Neurolog, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912
- School of Graduate Studies, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912
- Research and Affiliations Service Line, Augusta VAMC, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - David C. Hess
- Department of Neurolog, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912
- Research and Affiliations Service Line, Augusta VAMC, Augusta, GA 30912
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31
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Domínguez-Bendala J, Ricordi C. Article Commentary: Stem Cell Plasticity and Tissue Replacement. Cell Transplant 2017; 14:423-425. [DOI: 10.3727/000000005783982891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Domínguez-Bendala
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Camillo Ricordi
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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32
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Sanberg PR, Greene-Zavertnik C, Davis CD. Article Commentary: Cell Transplantation: The Regenerative Medicine Journal. A Biennial Analysis of Publications. Cell Transplant 2017; 12:815-825. [DOI: 10.3727/000000003771000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Sanberg
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 78, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Cathryn Greene-Zavertnik
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 78, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Cyndy D. Davis
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 78, Tampa, FL 33612
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33
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Newcomb JD, Ajmo CT, Sanberg CD, Sanberg PR, Pennypacker KR, Willing AE. Timing of Cord Blood Treatment after Experimental Stroke Determines Therapeutic Efficacy. Cell Transplant 2017; 15:213-23. [PMID: 16719056 DOI: 10.3727/000000006783982043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Embolic stroke is thought to cause irreparable damage in the brain immediately adjacent to the region of reduced blood perfusion. Therefore, much of the current research focuses on treatments such as anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and cell replacement strategies to minimize behavioral and physiological consequences. In the present study, intravenous delivery of human umbilical cord blood cells (HUCBC) 48 h after a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in a rat resulted in both behavioral and physiological recovery. Nissl and TUNEL staining demonstrated that many of the neurons in the core were rescued, indicating that while both necrotic and apoptotic cell death occur in ischemia, it is clear that apoptosis plays a larger role than first anticipated. Further, immunohistochemical and histochemical analysis showed a diminished and/or lack of granulocyte and monocyte infiltration and astrocytic and microglial activation in the parenchyma in animals treated with HUCBC 48 h poststroke. Successful treatment at this time point should offer encouragement to clinicians that a therapy with a broader window of efficacy may soon be available to treat stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Newcomb
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Garbuzova-Davis S, Ehrhart J, Sanberg PR. Cord blood as a potential therapeutic for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 17:837-851. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1323862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Garbuzova-Davis
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jared Ehrhart
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Paul R. Sanberg
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
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35
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Cox CS, Hetz RA, Liao GP, Aertker BM, Ewing-Cobbs L, Juranek J, Savitz SI, Jackson ML, Romanowska-Pawliczek AM, Triolo F, Dash PK, Pedroza C, Lee DA, Worth L, Aisiku IP, Choi HA, Holcomb JB, Kitagawa RS. Treatment of Severe Adult Traumatic Brain Injury Using Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1065-1079. [PMID: 27800660 PMCID: PMC5367945 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies using bone marrow derived cells to treat traumatic brain injury have demonstrated efficacy in terms of blood-brain barrier preservation, neurogenesis, and functional outcomes. Phase 1 clinical trials using bone marrow mononuclear cells infused intravenously in children with severe traumatic brain injury demonstrated safety and potentially a central nervous system structural preservation treatment effect. This study sought to confirm the safety, logistic feasibility, and potential treatment effect size of structural preservation/inflammatory biomarker mitigation in adults to guide Phase 2 clinical trial design. Adults with severe traumatic brain injury (Glasgow Coma Scale 5-8) and without signs of irreversible brain injury were evaluated for entry into the trial. A dose escalation format was performed in 25 patients: 5 controls, followed 5 patients in each dosing cohort (6, 9, 12 ×106 cells/kg body weight), then 5 more controls. Bone marrow harvest, cell processing to isolate the mononuclear fraction, and re-infusion occurred within 48 hours after injury. Patients were monitored for harvest-related hemodynamic changes, infusional toxicity, and adverse events. Outcome measures included magnetic resonance imaging-based measurements of supratentorial and corpus callosal volumes as well as diffusion tensor imaging-based measurements of fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity of the corpus callosum and the corticospinal tract at the level of the brainstem at 1 month and 6 months postinjury. Functional and neurocognitive outcomes were measured and correlated with imaging data. Inflammatory cytokine arrays were measured in the plasma pretreatment, posttreatment, and at 1 and 6 month follow-up. There were no serious adverse events. There was a mild pulmonary toxicity of the highest dose that was not clinically significant. Despite the treatment group having greater injury severity, there was structural preservation of critical regions of interest that correlated with functional outcomes. Key inflammatory cytokines were downregulated. Treatment of severe, adult traumatic brain injury using an intravenously delivered autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell infusion is safe and logistically feasible. There appears to be a treatment signal as evidenced by central nervous system structural preservation, consistent with previous pediatric trial data. Inflammatory biomarkers are downregulated after cell infusion. Stem Cells 2016 Video Highlight: https://youtu.be/UiCCPIe-IaQ Stem Cells 2017;35:1065-1079.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Cox
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert A Hetz
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - George P Liao
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Benjamin M Aertker
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Linda Ewing-Cobbs
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jenifer Juranek
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sean I Savitz
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Margaret L Jackson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Fabio Triolo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pramod K Dash
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Claudia Pedroza
- Center for Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dean A Lee
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Laura Worth
- Department of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Imoigele P Aisiku
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Huimahn A Choi
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John B Holcomb
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ryan S Kitagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
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36
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Jackson ML, Srivastava AK, Cox CS. Preclinical progenitor cell therapy in traumatic brain injury: a meta-analysis. J Surg Res 2017. [PMID: 28624058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No treatment is available to reverse injury associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Progenitor cell therapies show promise in both preclinical and clinical studies. We conducted a meta-analysis of preclinical studies using progenitor cells to treat TBI. METHODS EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Review, Biosis, and Google Scholar were searched for articles using prespecified search strategies. Studies meeting inclusion criteria underwent data extraction. Analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 according to a fixed-effects model, and all studies underwent quality scoring. RESULTS Of 430 abstracts identified, 38 met inclusion criteria and underwent analysis. Average quality score was 4.32 of 8 possible points. No study achieved a perfect score. Lesion volume (LV) and neurologic severity score (NSS) outcomes favored cell treatment with standard mean difference (SMD) of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.64-1.09) and 1.36 (95% CI: 1.11-1.60), respectively. Rotarod and Morris water maze outcomes also favored treatment with improvements in SMD of 0.34 (95% CI: 0.02-0.65) and 0.46 (95% CI: 0.17-74), respectively. Although LV and NSS were robust to publication bias assessments, rotarod and Morris water maze tests were not. Heterogeneity (I2) ranged from 74%-85% among the analyses, indicating a high amount of heterogeneity among studies. Precision as a function of quality score showed a statistically significant increase in the size of the confidence interval as quality improved. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis study reveals an overall positive effect of progenitor cell therapies on LV and NSS with a trend toward improved motor function and spatial learning in different TBI animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Jackson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.
| | - Amit K Srivastava
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Charles S Cox
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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37
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Hsuan YCY, Lin CH, Chang CP, Lin MT. Mesenchymal stem cell-based treatments for stroke, neural trauma, and heat stroke. Brain Behav 2016; 6:e00526. [PMID: 27781140 PMCID: PMC5064338 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has been reported to improve neurological function following neural injury. Many physiological and molecular mechanisms involving MSC therapy-related neuroprotection have been identified. METHODS A review is presented of articles that pertain to MSC therapy and diverse brain injuries including stroke, neural trauma, and heat stroke, which were identified using an electronic search (e.g., PubMed), emphasize mechanisms of MSC therapy-related neuroprotection. We aim to discuss neuroprotective mechanisms that underlie the beneficial effects of MSCs in treating stroke, neural trauma, and heatstroke. RESULTS MSC therapy is promising as a means of augmenting brain repair. Cell incorporation into the injured tissue is not a prerequisite for the beneficial effects exerted by MSCs. Paracrine signaling is believed to be the most important mediator of MSC therapy in brain injury. The multiple mechanisms of action of MSCs include enhanced angiogenesis and neurogenesis, immunomodulation, and anti-inflammatory effects. Microglia are the first source of the inflammatory cascade during brain injury. Cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6, are significantly produced by microglia in the brain after experimental brain injury. The proinflammatory M1 phenotype of microglia is associated with tissue destruction, whereas the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype of microglia facilitates repair and regeneration. MSC therapy may improve outcomes of ischemic stroke, neural trauma, and heatstroke by inhibiting the activity of M1 phenotype of microglia but augmenting the activity of M2 phenotype of microglia. CONCLUSION This review offers a testable platform for targeting microglial-mediated cytokines in clinical trials based upon the rational design of MSC therapy in the future. MSCs that are derived from the placenta provide a great choice for stem cell therapy. Although targeting the microglial activation is an important approach to reduce the burden of the injury, it is not the only one. This review focuses on this specific aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ching-Ping Chang
- Department of Medical Research Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan
| | - Mao-Tsun Lin
- Department of Medical Research Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan
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38
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Peña ID, Borlongan CV. Translating G-CSF as an Adjunct Therapy to Stem Cell Transplantation for Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2016; 6:421-9. [PMID: 26482176 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-015-0430-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Among recently investigated stroke therapies, stem cell treatment holds great promise by virtue of their putative ability to replace lost cells, promote endogenous neurogenesis,and produce behavioral and functional improvement through their "bystander effects." Translating stem cell in the clinic, however, presents a number of technical difficulties. A strategy suggested to enhance therapeutic utility of stem cells is combination therapy, i.e., co-transplantation of stem cells or adjunct treatment with pharmacological agents and substrates,which is assumed to produce more profound therapeutic benefits by circumventing limitations of individual treatments and facilitating complementary brain repair processes. We previously demonstrated enhanced functional effects of cotreatment with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (GCSF)and human umbilical cord blood cell (hUCB) transplantation in animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Here,we suggest that the aforementioned combination therapy may also produce synergistic effects in stroke. Accordingly, G-CSF treatment may reduce expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhance neurogenesis rendering a receptive microenvironment for hUCB engraftment. Adjunct treatment of GCSF with hUCB may facilitate stemness maintenance and guide neural lineage commitment of hUCB cells. Moreover, regenerative mechanisms afforded by G-CSF-mobilized endogenous stem cells, secretion of growth factors by hUCB grafts and G-CSF-recruited endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs), as well as the potential graft–host integration that may promote synaptic circuitry re-establishment could altogether produce more pronounced functional improvement in stroked rats subjected to a combination G-CSF treatment and hUCB transplantation. Nevertheless, differences in pathology and repair processes underlying TBI and stroke deserve consideration when testing the effects of combinatorial G-CSF and hUCB cell transplantation for stroke treatment. Further studies are also required to determine the safety and efficacy of this intervention in both preclinical and clinical stroke studies.
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Biomaterial Applications in Cell-Based Therapy in Experimental Stroke. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:6810562. [PMID: 27274738 PMCID: PMC4870368 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6810562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is an important health issue corresponding to the second cause of mortality and first cause of severe disability with no effective treatments after the first hours of onset. Regenerative approaches such as cell therapy provide an increase in endogenous brain structural plasticity but they are not enough to promote a complete recovery. Tissue engineering has recently aroused a major interesting development of biomaterials for use into the central nervous system. Many biomaterials have been engineered based on natural compounds, synthetic compounds, or a mix of both with the aim of providing polymers with specific properties. The mechanical properties of biomaterials can be exquisitely regulated forming polymers with different stiffness, modifiable physical state that polymerizes in situ, or small particles encapsulating cells or growth factors. The choice of biomaterial compounds should be adapted for the different applications, structure target, and delay of administration. Biocompatibilities with embedded cells and with the host tissue and biodegradation rate must be considerate. In this paper, we review the different applications of biomaterials combined with cell therapy in ischemic stroke and we explore specific features such as choice of biomaterial compounds and physical and mechanical properties concerning the recent studies in experimental stroke.
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Chung S, Rho S, Kim G, Kim SR, Baek KH, Kang M, Lew H. Human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells and chorionic plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote axon survival in a rat model of optic nerve crush injury. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:1170-80. [PMID: 26986762 PMCID: PMC4829137 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in cell therapy in regenerative medicine has great potential, particularly in the treatment of nerve injury. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) reportedly contains stem cells, which have been widely used as a hematopoietic source and may have therapeutic potential for neurological impairment. Although ongoing research is dedicated to the management of traumatic optic nerve injury using various measures, novel therapeutic strategies based on the complex underlying mechanisms responsible for optic nerve injury, such as inflammation and/or ischemia, are required. In the present study, a rat model of optic nerve crush (ONC) injury was established in order to examine the effects of transplanting human chorionic plate-derived MSCs (CP‑MSCs) isolated from the placenta, as well as human UCB mononuclear cells (CB-MNCs) on compressed rat optic nerves. Expression markers for inflammation, apoptosis, and optic nerve regeneration were analyzed, as well as the axon survival rate by direct counting. Increased axon survival rates were observed following the injection of CB‑MNCs at at 1 week post-transplantation compared with the controls. The levels of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP‑43) were increased after the injection of CB‑MNCs or CP‑MSCs compared with the controls, and the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were also significantly increased following the injection of CB-MNCs or CP-MSCs. ERM-like protein (ERMN) and SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein 2 (SRGAP2) were found to be expressed in the optic nerves of the CP‑MSC-injected rats with ONC injury. The findings of our study suggest that the administration of CB‑MNCs or CP‑MSCs may promote axon survival through systemic concomitant mechanisms involving GAP‑43 and HIF‑1α. Taken together, these findings provide further understanding of the mechanisms repsonsible for optic nerve injury and may aid in the development of novel cell-based therapeutic strategies with future applications in regenerative medicine, particularly in the management of optic nerve disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokjoong Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungsoo Rho
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gijin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Ra Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungseo Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Helen Lew
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Tunc Ata M, Turgut G, Akbulut M, Kocyigit A, Karabulut A, Senol H, Turgut S. Effect of Erythropoietin and Stem Cells on Traumatic Brain Injury. World Neurosurg 2016; 89:355-61. [PMID: 26850972 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the healing effects of erythropoietin (EPO) and stem cells (SCs) in traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS Twenty-nine Wistar albino rats were used and separated into the following groups: control (C), EPO, SC, and SC+EPO. Group C received a TBI only, with no treatment. In the EPO group, 1000 U/kg EPO was given intraperitoneally at 30 minutes after TBI. In SC group, immediately after formation of TBI, 3 × 10,000 CD34(+) stem cells were injected into the affected area. In the SC+EPO group, half an hour after TBI and the injection of stem cells, 1000 U/kg EPO was injected. Before and after injury, trauma coordination performance was measured by the rotarod and inclined plane tests. RESULTS Seven weeks after trauma, rat brains were examined by radiology and histology. Rotarod performance test did not change remarkably, even after the injury. Compared with group C, the SC+EPO group was found to have significant differences in the inclined plane test results. CONCLUSIONS Separately given, SCs and EPO have a positive effect on TBI, and our findings suggest that their coadministration is even more powerful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melek Tunc Ata
- Department of Physiology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Günfer Turgut
- Department of Physiology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Metin Akbulut
- Department of Pathology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ali Kocyigit
- Department of Radiology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Aysun Karabulut
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Hande Senol
- Department of Biostatistics, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Sebahat Turgut
- Department of Physiology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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42
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Zhong Z, Tao Y, Yang H. Treatment with harmine ameliorates functional impairment and neuronal death following traumatic brain injury. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7985-91. [PMID: 26496827 PMCID: PMC4758275 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality in young individuals, and results in motor and cognitive deficiency. Excitotoxicity is an important process during neuronal cell death, which is caused by excessive release of glutamate following TBI. Astrocytic glutamate transporters have a predominant role in maintaining extracellular glutamate concentrations below excitotoxic levels, and glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) may account for >90% of glutamate uptake in the brain. The β-carboline alkaloid harmine has been demonstrated to exert neuroprotective actions in vivo, and the beneficial effects were specifically due to elevation of GLT-1. However, whether harmine provides neuroprotection following TBI remains to be elucidated. The present study performed intraperitoneal harmine injections in rats (30 mg/kg per day for up to 5 days), in order to investigate whether harmine treatment attenuates brain edema and improves functional recovery in a rat model of TBI. The neuronal survival ratio and the protein expression of apoptosis-associated caspase 3 were also assessed in the hippocampus of the rat brain. Furthermore, the expression levels of GLT-1 and inflammatory cytokines were detected, in order to determine the underlying mechanisms. The results of the present study demonstrated that administration of harmine significantly attenuated cerebral edema, and improved learning and memory ability. In addition, harmine significantly increased the protein expression of GLT-1, and markedly attenuated the expression levels of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, thereby attenuating apoptotic neuronal death in the hippocampus. These results provided in vivo evidence that harmine may exert neuroprotective effects by synergistically reducing excitotoxicity and inflammation following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqi Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Tao
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute of Field Surgery, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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43
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Ehrhart J, Darlington D, Kuzmin-Nichols N, Sanberg CD, Sawmiller DR, Sanberg PR, Tan J. Biodistribution of Infused Human Umbilical Cord Blood Cells in Alzheimer's Disease-Like Murine Model. Cell Transplant 2015; 25:195-9. [PMID: 26414627 PMCID: PMC5822723 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x689604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical cord blood cells (HUCBCs), a prolific source of non-embryonic or adult stem cells, have emerged as effective and relatively safe immunomodulators and neuroprotectors, reducing behavioral impairment in animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, and stroke. In this report, we followed the bioavailability of HUCBCs in AD-like transgenic PSAPP mice and nontransgenic Sprague-Dawley rats. HUCBCs were injected into tail veins of mice or rats at a single dose of 1 × 10(6) or 2.2 × 10(6) cells, respectively, prior to harvesting of tissues at 24 h, 7 days, and 30 days after injection. For determination of HUCBC distribution, tissues from both species were subjected to total DNA isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the gene for human glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Our results show a relatively similar biodistribution and retention of HUCBCs in both mouse and rat organs. HUCBCs were broadly detected both in the brain and several peripheral organs, including the liver, kidney, and bone marrow, of both species, starting within 7 days and continuing up to 30 days posttransplantation. No HUCBCs were recovered in the peripheral circulation, even at 24 h posttransplantation. Therefore, HUCBCs reach several tissues including the brain following a single intravenous treatment, suggesting that this route can be a viable method of administration of these cells for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donna Darlington
- Rashid Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Silver Child Development Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Darrell R. Sawmiller
- Rashid Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Silver Child Development Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Paul R. Sanberg
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jun Tan
- Rashid Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Silver Child Development Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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44
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Park HW, Moon HE, Kim HSR, Paek SL, Kim Y, Chang JW, Yang YS, Kim K, Oh W, Hwang JH, Kim JW, Kim DG, Paek SH. Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells improve functional recovery through thrombospondin1, pantraxin3, and vascular endothelial growth factor in the ischemic rat brain. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:1814-25. [PMID: 26332684 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapy is a potential therapeutic method for cerebral ischemia, which remains a serious problem. In the search for more effective therapeutic methods, many kinds of stem cells from various tissues have been developed and tested as candidate therapeutic agents. Among them, human umbilical cord blood (hUCB)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used for cell therapy because of their genetic flexibility. To confirm that they are effective and understand how they affect ischemic neural cells, hUCB-MSCs were directly administered ipsilaterally into an ischemic zone induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). We found that the neurobehavioral performance of the hUCB-MSC group was significantly improved compared with that of the vehicle-injected control group. The infarct was also remarkably smaller in the hUCB-MSC group. Additionally, hUCB-MSC transplantation resulted in a greater number of newly generated cells and angiogenic and tissue repair factors and a lower number of inflammatory events in the penumbra zone. To determine why these events occurred, hUCB-MSCs were assayed under hypoxic and normoxic conditions in vitro. The results showed that hUCB-MSCs exhibit higher expression levels of thrombospondin1, pantraxin3, and vascular endothelial growth factor under hypoxic conditions than under normoxic conditions. These results were found to be correlated with our in vivo immunofluorescent staining results. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that hUCB-MSCs may have a beneficial effect on cerebral ischemia, especially through angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and anti-inflammatory effects, and thus could be used as a therapeutic agent to treat neurological disorders such as cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Woo Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Eun Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Soo R Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Leal Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yona Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Wook Chang
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Sun Yang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Medipost Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - KwanWoo Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wonil Oh
- Biomedical Research Institute, Medipost Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Ha Hwang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Wook Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Gyu Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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45
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Zhu Y, Liu F, Zou X, Torbey M. Comparison of unbiased estimation of neuronal number in the rat hippocampus with different staining methods. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 254:73-9. [PMID: 26238727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NeuN and Nissl staining (toluidine blue, cresyl violet staining) are routinely used methods in unbiased stereological estimation of the total number of hippocampal neurons. NEW METHOD In the present study, we stained serial frozen coronal sections from 5 normal adult male Sprague-Dawley rat brains with different methods, measured the deformation of hippocampal area in brain sections and estimated the total number of hippocampal neurons using the optical fractionator. RESULTS The deformation in x, y-axis was not obviously different with different staining protocols, but shrinkage in z-axis was significant after staining (p < 0.001). NeuN staining produced significant higher estimate number than cresyl violet staining by 24% (p = 0.002), however, NeuN and Cresyl Violet staining showed a high degree of correlation in quantification of total neuronal numbers and both methods are suitable for unbiased stereological estimation. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD (S) NeuN is more reliable but if time is limited or the number of animals used in experiments is high, cresyl violet staining may be a feasible method. CONCLUSIONS Compared with previous estimates of the neurons number in rat hippocampus, our present data is reliable and the stereological analysis based on our system is a cost-effective unbiased method for estimation of neuron number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Fuxin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Xunchang Zou
- Department of Neurology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Michel Torbey
- Department of Neurology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Neurosurgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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46
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Darlington D, Li S, Hou H, Habib A, Tian J, Gao Y, Ehrhart J, Sanberg PR, Sawmiller D, Giunta B, Mori T, Tan J. Human umbilical cord blood-derived monocytes improve cognitive deficits and reduce amyloid-β pathology in PSAPP mice. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:2237-50. [PMID: 26230612 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x688894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the fourth major cause of mortality in the elderly in the US and the leading cause of dementia worldwide. While pharmacological targets have been discovered, there are no true disease-modifying therapies. We have recently discovered that multiple low-dose infusions of human umbilical cord blood cells (HUCBCs) ameliorate cognitive impairments and reduce Aβ-associated neuropathology in PSAPP transgenic mice. However, the mechanism for these effects of HUCBCs remains unclear. In the present study, we examined whether monocytes, as important components of HUCBCs, would have beneficial outcomes on the reduction of AD-like pathology and associated cognitive impairments in PSAPP transgenic AD model mice. PSAPP mice and their wild-type littermates were treated monthly with an infusion of peripheral human umbilical cord blood cell (HUCBC)-derived monocytes over a period of 2 and 4 months, followed by behavioral evaluations, biochemical, and histological analyses. The principal findings of the present study confirmed that monocytes derived from HUCBCs (CB-M) play a central role in HUCBC-mediated cognition-enhancing and Aβ pathology-ameliorating activities. Most importantly, we found that compared with CB-M, aged monocytes showed an ineffective phagocytosis of Aβ, while exogenous soluble amyloid precursor protein α (sAPPα) could reverse this deficiency. Pretreating monocytes with sAPPα upregulates Aβ internalization. Our further studies suggested that sAPPα could form a heterodimer with Aβs, with the APP672-688 (Aβ1-16) region being responsible for this effect. This in turn promoted binding of these heterodimers to monocyte scavenger receptors and thus promoted enhanced Aβ clearance. In summary, our findings suggest an interesting hypothesis that peripheral monocytes contribute to Aβ clearance through heterodimerization of sAPPα with Aβ. Further, declined or impaired sAPPα production, or reduced heterodimerization with Aβ, would cause a deficiency in Aβ clearance and thus accelerate the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Darlington
- Rashid Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Silver Child Development Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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47
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Turtzo LC, Budde MD, Dean DD, Gold EM, Lewis BK, Janes L, Lescher J, Coppola T, Yarnell A, Grunberg NE, Frank JA. Failure of intravenous or intracardiac delivery of mesenchymal stromal cells to improve outcomes after focal traumatic brain injury in the female rat. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126551. [PMID: 25946089 PMCID: PMC4422703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells secrete a variety of anti-inflammatory factors and may provide a regenerative medicine option for the treatment of traumatic brain injury. The present study investigates the efficacy of multiple intravenous or intracardiac administrations of rat mesenchymal stromal cells or human mesenchymal stromal cells in female rats after controlled cortical impact by in vivo MRI, neurobehavior, and histopathology evaluation. Neither intravenous nor intracardiac administration of mesenchymal stromal cells derived from either rats or humans improved MRI measures of lesion volume or neurobehavioral outcome compared to saline treatment. Few mesenchymal stromal cells (<0.0005% of injected dose) were found within 3 days of last dosage at the site of injury after either delivery route, with no mesenchymal stromal cells being detectable in brain at 30 or 56 days post-injury. These findings suggest that non-autologous mesenchymal stromal cells therapy via intravenous or intracardiac administration is not a promising treatment after focal contusion traumatic brain injury in this female rodent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Christine Turtzo
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Frank Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Matthew D. Budde
- Frank Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dana D. Dean
- Frank Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eric M. Gold
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Frank Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bobbi K. Lewis
- Frank Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lindsay Janes
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Frank Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jacob Lescher
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Frank Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tiziana Coppola
- Frank Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Angela Yarnell
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Neil E. Grunberg
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Frank
- Frank Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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48
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Detante O, Jaillard A, Moisan A, Barbieux M, Favre I, Garambois K, Hommel M, Remy C. Biotherapies in stroke. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2014; 170:779-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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49
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Arien-Zakay H, Gincberg G, Nagler A, Cohen G, Liraz-Zaltsman S, Trembovler V, Alexandrovich AG, Matok I, Galski H, Elchalal U, Lelkes PI, Lazarovici P, Shohami E. Neurotherapeutic effect of cord blood derived CD45+ hematopoietic cells in mice after traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2014; 31:1405-16. [PMID: 24640955 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2013.3270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is still an unmet need. Cell therapy by human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) has shown promising results in animal models of TBI and is under evaluation in clinical trials. HUCB contains different cell populations but to date, only mesenchymal stem cells have been evaluated for therapy of TBI. Here we present the neurotherapeutic effect, as evaluated by neurological score, using a single dose of HUCB-derived mononuclear cells (MNCs) upon intravenous (IV) administration one day post-trauma in a mouse model of closed head injury (CHI). Delayed (eight days post-trauma) intracerebroventricular administration of MNCs showed improved neurobehavioral deficits thereby extending the therapeutic window for treating TBI. Further, we demonstrated for the first time that HUCB-derived pan-hematopoietic CD45 positive (CD45(+)) cells, isolated by magnetic sorting and characterized by expression of CD45 and CD11b markers (96-99%), improved the neurobehavioral deficits upon IV administration, which persisted for 35 days. The therapeutic effect was in a direct correlation to a reduction in the lesion volume and decreased by pre-treatment of the cells with anti-human-CD45 antibody. At the site of brain injury, 1.5-2 h after transplantation, HUCB-derived cells were identified by near infrared scanning and immunohistochemistry using anti-human-CD45 and anti-human-nuclei antibodies. Nerve growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor levels were differentially expressed in both ipsilateral and contralateral brain hemispheres, thirty-five days after CHI, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These findings indicate the neurotherapeutic potential of HUCB-derived CD45(+) cell population in a mouse model of TBI and propose their use in the clinical setting of human TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Arien-Zakay
- 1 School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem, Israel
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50
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Stem cell therapy for acute cerebral injury: what do we know and what will the future bring? Curr Opin Neurol 2014; 26:617-25. [PMID: 24136128 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The central nervous system has limited capacity for regeneration after acute and chronic injury. An attractive approach to stimulate neural plasticity in the brain is to transplant stem cells in order to restore function. Here, we discuss potential mechanisms of action, current knowledge and future perspectives of clinical stem cell research for stroke and traumatic brain injury. RECENT FINDINGS Preclinical data using various models suggest stem cell therapy to be a promising therapeutic avenue. Progress has been made in elucidating the mechanism of action of various cell types used, shifting the hypothesis from neural replacement to enhancing endogenous repair processes. Translation of these findings in clinical trials is currently being pursued with emphasis on both safety as well as efficacy. SUMMARY Clinical trials are currently recruiting patients in phase I and II trials to gain more insight in the therapeutic potential of stem cells in acute cerebral injury. A close interplay between results of these clinical trials and more extensive basic research is essential for future trial design, choosing the optimal transplantation strategy and selecting the right patients.
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