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Eivazi Zadeh Z, Nour S, Kianersi S, Jonidi Shariatzadeh F, Williams RJ, Nisbet DR, Bruggeman KF. Mining human clinical waste as a rich source of stem cells for neural regeneration. iScience 2024; 27:110307. [PMID: 39156636 PMCID: PMC11326931 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Neural diseases are challenging to treat and are regarded as one of the major causes of disability and morbidity in the world. Stem cells can provide a solution, by offering a mechanism to replace damaged circuitry. However, obtaining sufficient cell sources for neural regeneration remains a significant challenge. In recent years, waste-derived stem(-like) cells (WDS-lCs) extracted from both prenatal and adult clinical waste tissues/products, have gained increasing attention for application in neural tissue repair and remodeling. This often-overlooked pool of cells possesses favorable characteristics; including self-renewal, neural differentiation, secretion of neurogenic factors, cost-effectiveness, and low ethical concerns. Here, we offer a perspective regarding the biological properties, extraction protocols, and preclinical and clinical treatments where prenatal and adult WDS-lCs have been utilized for cell replacement therapy in neural applications, and the challenges involved in optimizing these approaches toward patient led therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Eivazi Zadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- The Graeme Clark Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shirin Nour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- The Graeme Clark Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sogol Kianersi
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Richard J. Williams
- The Graeme Clark Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- iMPACT, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - David R. Nisbet
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- The Graeme Clark Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU College of Health & Medicine, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Research School of Chemistry, ANU College of Science, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Founder and Scientific Advisory of Nano Status, Building 137, Sullivans Creek Rd, ANU, Acton, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kiara F. Bruggeman
- Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials Research, School of Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Fang F, Liu C, Huang Q, Dong C, Zhang G, Jiang J, Lu S. Effect of static magnetic field on gene expression of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells by transcriptome analysis. Adv Med Sci 2024; 69:281-288. [PMID: 38844059 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Static magnetic fields (SMFs) induce various biological reactions and have been applied in the biological therapy of diseases, especially in combination with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and tissue engineering. However, the underlying influence of SMFs on MSCs gene expression remains largely unclear. In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of SMFs on gene expression of human MSCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS We exposed human MSCs to two different intensities (0.35 T and 1.0 T) of SMFs and observed the effects of SMFs on cell morphology. Subsequently, RNA-sequencing was performed to explore the gene expression changes. RESULTS Compared with control group cells, no significant differences in cell morphology were observed under a phase contrast inverted microscope, but the transcriptome of SMF-exposed MSCs were significantly changed in both 0.35 T and 1.0 T groups and the differential expressed genes are involved in multiple pathways, such as ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, TNF signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, TGF-beta signaling pathway, metabolic pathways, and apoptosis, which regulate the biological functions of MSCs. CONCLUSIONS SMFs stimulation could affect the gene expression of human MSCs and the biological effects vary by the different intensities of SMFs. These data offer the molecular foundation for future application of SMFs in stem cell technology as well as tissue engineering medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of thoracic surgery, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical Collage of Huazhong University of science and technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Chao Dong
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Guirong Zhang
- Shan Dong Yin Feng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jinhe Jiang
- Shan Dong Yin Feng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, PR China
| | - Shi Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
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Radoszkiewicz K, Bzinkowska A, Chodkowska M, Rybkowska P, Sypecka M, Zembrzuska-Kaska I, Sarnowska A. Deciphering the impact of cerebrospinal fluid on stem cell fate as a new mechanism to enhance clinical therapy development. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1332751. [PMID: 38282622 PMCID: PMC10811009 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1332751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) hold a very significant promise as candidates for cell therapy due to their robust neuroprotective and regenerative properties. Preclinical studies using NSCs have shown enough encouraging results to perform deeper investigations into more potential clinical applications. Nevertheless, our knowledge regarding neurogenesis and its underlying mechanisms remains incomplete. To understand them better, it seems necessary to characterize all components of neural stem cell niche and discover their role in physiology and pathology. Using NSCs in vivo brings challenges including limited cell survival and still inadequate integration within host tissue. Identifying overlooked factors that might influence these outcomes becomes pivotal. In this review, we take a deeper examination of the influence of a fundamental element that is present in the brain, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which still remains relatively unexplored. Its role in neurogenesis could be instrumental to help find novel therapeutic solutions for neurological disorders, eventually advancing our knowledge on central nervous system (CNS) regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Sarnowska
- Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Bashyal N, Lee YJ, Jung JH, Kim MG, Lee KW, Hwang WS, Kim SS, Chang DY, Suh-Kim H. Assessment of Risks and Benefits of Using Antibiotics Resistance Genes in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Ex-Vivo Therapy. Int J Stem Cells 2023; 16:438-447. [PMID: 37385638 PMCID: PMC10686797 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc23053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, ex-vivo gene therapy has emerged as a promising approach to enhance the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by introducing functional genes in vitro. Here, we explored the need of using selection markers to increase the gene delivery efficiency and evaluated the potential risks associated with their use in the manufacturing process. We used MSCs/CD that carry the cytosine deaminase gene (CD) as a therapeutic gene and a puromycin resistance gene (PuroR) as a selection marker. We evaluated the correlation between the therapeutic efficacy and the purity of therapeutic MSCs/CD by examining their anti-cancer effect on co-cultured U87/GFP cells. To simulate in vivo horizontal transfer of the PuroR gene in vivo, we generated a puromycin-resistant E. coli (E. coli/PuroR) by introducing the PuroR gene and assessed its responsiveness to various antibiotics. We found that the anti-cancer effect of MSCs/CD was directly proportional to their purity, suggesting the crucial role of the PuroR gene in eliminating impure unmodified MSCs and enhancing the purity of MSCs/CD during the manufacturing process. Additionally, we found that clinically available antibiotics were effective in inhibiting the growth of hypothetical microorganism, E. coli/PuroR. In summary, our study highlights the potential benefits of using the PuroR gene as a selection marker to enhance the purity and efficacy of therapeutic cells in MSC-based gene therapy. Furthermore, our study suggests that the potential risk of horizontal transfer of antibiotics resistance genes in vivo can be effectively managed by clinically available antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Young Jun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jin-Hwa Jung
- Research Center, CELLeBRAIN, Ltd., Jeonju, Korea
| | - Min Gyeong Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kwang-Wook Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Woo Sup Hwang
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | | | - Haeyoung Suh-Kim
- Research Center, CELLeBRAIN, Ltd., Jeonju, Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Wu H, Fan Y, Zhang M. Advanced Progress in the Role of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells in the Application of Central Nervous System Disorders. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2637. [PMID: 38004615 PMCID: PMC10674952 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (ADMSCs) are recognized as a highly promising material for stem cell therapy due to their accessibility and safety. Given the frequently irreversible damage to neural cells associated with CNS disorders, ADMSC-related therapy, which primarily encompasses ADMSC transplantation and injection with exosomes derived from ADMSCs or secretome, has the capability to inhibit inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis, promote neural regeneration, as well as modulate immune responses, holding potential as a comprehensive approach to treat CNS disorders and improve prognosis. Empirical evidence from both experiments and clinical trials convincingly demonstrates the satisfactory safety and efficacy of ADMSC-related therapies. This review provides a systematic summary of the role of ADMSCs in the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders and explores their therapeutic potential for clinical application. ADMSC-related therapy offers a promising avenue to mitigate damage and enhance neurological function in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. However, further research is necessary to establish the safety and efficacy of clinical ADMSC-based therapy, optimize targeting accuracy, and refine delivery approaches for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (H.W.); (Y.F.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yishu Fan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (H.W.); (Y.F.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (H.W.); (Y.F.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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Gaber A, Elbakry AM, Aljarari RM, Jaber FA, Khadrawy YA, Sabry D, Abo-ELeneen RE, Ahmed OM. Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and γ-Secretase Inhibitor Treatments Suppress Amyloid- β25-35-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Rat Dams and Cortical Degeneration in Offspring. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:2690949. [PMID: 37274020 PMCID: PMC10234728 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2690949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of age-related neurodegeneration and ensuing cognitive impairment. Progressive deposition of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregates (plaques) and intracellular hyperphosphorylated Tau protein (p-Tau) are the core pathological markers of AD but may precede clinical symptoms by many years, presenting a therapeutic window of opportunity. Females are more frequently afflicted by AD than males, necessitating evaluation of novel treatments for the female population. The current study examined the protective efficacies of intravenous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and oral gamma-secretase inhibitor-953 (GSI-953) during pregnancy on cognitive impairment in rat dams and neurodegeneration in offspring induced by intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ25-35 prior to pregnancy. The Aβ25-35 (AD) group exhibited significant (P < 0.001) impairments in the Y-maze and novel object recognition test performance prior to conception. Histological analysis of the offspring cortex revealed substantial dendritic shrinkage and activation of microglial cells, while neurochemical analysis demonstrated significant increases in the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In contrast, BM-MSC or GSI-953 treatment of dams following Aβ25-35 injection significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the number and size of activated microglial cells, markedly increased dendrite length, and reversed proinflammatory cytokine elevations in offspring. Moreover, BM-MSC or GSI-953 treatment reversed the Aβ25-35-induced amyloid precursor protein and p-Tau elevations in the offspring brain; these changes were accompanied by upregulation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor and downregulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β in the serum and brain. Treatment with BM-MSCs or GSI-953 also reversed Aβ25-35-induced elevations in different gene expressions in the neonatal cortex. Finally, treatment of dams with BM-MSCs or GSI-953 prevented the Aβ25-35-induced disruption of newborn brain development. Thus, BM-MSC and GSI-953 treatments have broad-spectrum effects against Aβ25-35-induced brain pathology, including the suppression of neural inflammation, restoration of developmental plasticity, and promotion of neurotrophic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Gaber
- Comparative Anatomy and Embryology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahlam M. Elbakry
- Comparative Anatomy and Embryology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Rabab M. Aljarari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima A. Jaber
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser A. Khadrawy
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Branch Department, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dina Sabry
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo 11829, Egypt
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Rasha E. Abo-ELeneen
- Comparative Anatomy and Embryology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Osama M. Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni Suef, Egypt
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7
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Mokhemer SA, Desouky MK, Abdelghany AK, Ibrahim MFG. Stem cells therapeutic effect in a reserpine-induced fibromyalgia rat model: A possible NLRP3 inflammasome modulation with neurogenesis promotion in the cerebral cortex. Life Sci 2023; 325:121784. [PMID: 37196857 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain syndrome with a multifactorial pathophysiology affecting 2-8 % of the population. AIMS To investigate the therapeutic effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) against fibromyalgia-related cerebral cortex damage and the possible underlying mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were randomly allocated into three groups; control, fibromyalgia and fibromyalgia treated with BMSCs groups. Physical and behavioural assessments were performed. Cerebral cortices were collected for biochemical and histological assessment. KEY FINDINGS Fibromyalgia group showed behavioural changes indicating presence of pain, fatigue, depression, and sleep disturbances. Moreover, biochemical biomarkers alterations were demonstrated by a significant decrease in brain monoamines and GSH levels, but MDA, NO, TNF-alpha, HMGB-1, NLRP3, and caspase-1 levels significantly increased. Furthermore, histological assessment revealed structural and ultrastructural alterations indicating neuronal and neuroglial degeneration with microglia activation, an increase in mast cell number and IL-1β immune-expression. Additionally, a significant decrease in Beclin-1 immune-expression, and blood brain barrier disruption were noticed. Interestingly, BMSCs administration significantly improved behavioural alterations, restored the reduced brain monoamines and oxidative stress markers, and reduced TNF-alpha, HMGB-1, NLRP3, and caspase-1 levels. Profoundly, cerebral cortices demonstrated improved histological structure, significant decrease in mast cell number and IL-1β immune-expression, besides a significant increase in Beclin-1 and DCX immune-expression. SIGNIFICANCE For the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing ameliorative effects for BMSCs treatment in fibromyalgia-related cerebral cortical damage. The neurotherapeutic effects of BMSCs could be attributed to NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway inhibition, mast cell deactivation, and stimulation of neurogenesis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar A Mokhemer
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 61511 El-Minia, Egypt.
| | - Maha K Desouky
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 61511 El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Asmaa K Abdelghany
- Animal and Poultry Management and Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Manar Fouli Gaber Ibrahim
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 61511 El-Minia, Egypt
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Bhatti JS, Khullar N, Mishra J, Kaur S, Sehrawat A, Sharma E, Bhatti GK, Selman A, Reddy PH. Stem cells in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease - Promises and pitfalls. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166712. [PMID: 37030521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most widespread form of neurodegenerative disorder that causes memory loss and multiple cognitive issues. The underlying mechanisms of AD include the build-up of amyloid-β and phosphorylated tau, synaptic damage, elevated levels of microglia and astrocytes, abnormal microRNAs, mitochondrial dysfunction, hormonal imbalance, and age-related neuronal loss. However, the etiology of AD is complex and involves a multitude of environmental and genetic factors. Currently, available AD medications only alleviate symptoms and do not provide a permanent cure. Therefore, there is a need for therapies that can prevent or reverse cognitive decline, brain tissue loss, and neural instability. Stem cell therapy is a promising treatment for AD because stem cells possess the unique ability to differentiate into any type of cell and maintain their self-renewal. This article provides an overview of the pathophysiology of AD and existing pharmacological treatments. This review article focuses on the role of various types of stem cells in neuroregeneration, the potential challenges, and the future of stem cell-based therapies for AD, including nano delivery and gaps in stem cell technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Naina Khullar
- Department of Zoology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Jayapriya Mishra
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Satinder Kaur
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Abhishek Sehrawat
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Eva Sharma
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Ashley Selman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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9
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Al‐kharboosh R, Perera JJ, Bechtle A, Bu G, Quinones‐Hinojosa A. Emerging point-of-care autologous cellular therapy using adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction for neurodegenerative diseases. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1093. [PMID: 36495120 PMCID: PMC9736801 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the gradual decline and irreversible loss of cognitive functions and CNS structures. As therapeutic recourse stagnates, neurodegenerative diseases will cost over a trillion dollars by 2050. A dearth of preventive and regenerative measures to hinder regression and enhance recovery has forced patients to settle for traditional therapeutics designed to manage symptoms, leaving little hope for a cure. In the last decade, pre-clinical animal models and clinical investigations in humans have demonstrated the safety and promise of an emerging cellular product from subcutaneous fat. The adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is an early intervention and late-stage novel 'at point' of care cellular treatment, demonstrating improvements in clinical applications for Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. SVF is a heterogeneous fraction of cells forming a robust cellular ecosystem and serving as a novel and valuable source of point-of-care autologous cell therapy, providing an easy-to-access population that we hypothesize can mediate repair through 'bi-directional' communication in response to pathological cues. We provide the first comprehensive review of all pre-clinical and clinical findings available to date and highlight major challenges and future directions. There is a greater medical and economic urgency to innovate and develop novel cellular therapy solutions that enable the repair and regeneration of neuronal tissue that has undergone irreversible and permanent damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Al‐kharboosh
- Department of NeuroscienceMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFlorida,Department of Regenerative SciencesMayo Clinic Graduate SchoolRochesterMinnesota,Department of NeurosurgeryMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFlorida
| | | | | | - Guojun Bu
- Department of NeuroscienceMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFlorida
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10
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Regmi S, Liu DD, Shen M, Kevadiya BD, Ganguly A, Primavera R, Chetty S, Yarani R, Thakor AS. Mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: Strategies and limitations. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1011225. [PMID: 36277497 PMCID: PMC9584646 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1011225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major cause of age-related dementia and is characterized by progressive brain damage that gradually destroys memory and the ability to learn, which ultimately leads to the decline of a patient’s ability to perform daily activities. Although some of the pharmacological treatments of AD are available for symptomatic relief, they are not able to limit the progression of AD and have several side effects. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) could be a potential therapeutic option for treating AD due to their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, regenerative, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective effects. MSCs not only secret neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors to promote the survival of neurons, but they also transfer functional mitochondria and miRNAs to boost their bioenergetic profile as well as improve microglial clearance of accumulated protein aggregates. This review focuses on different clinical and preclinical studies using MSC as a therapy for treating AD, their outcomes, limitations and the strategies to potentiate their clinical translation.
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Hong CG, Chen ML, Duan R, Wang X, Pang ZL, Ge LT, Lu M, Xie H, Liu ZZ. Transplantation of Nasal Olfactory Mucosa Mesenchymal Stem Cells Benefits Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:7323-7336. [PMID: 36173534 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease that contributes to 60-70% of dementia in elderly people and is currently incurable. Current treatments only relieve the symptoms of AD and slow its progression. Achieving effective neural regeneration to ameliorate cognitive impairment is a major challenge in the treatment of AD. For the first time, we alleviated symptoms of AD in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice (hereafter referred to as AD mice) by transplantation of olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells (OM-MSCs). Our study demonstrated that OM-MSC transplantation promotes amyloid-β (Aβ) clearance, downregulates the inflammatory response, and increases the M2/M1 ratio; OM-MSCs promote the conversion of BV2 (microglia) from M1 to M2 and also Aβ clearance in SH-SY5YAPPswe (AD cell model). OM-MSC-transplanted AD mice show improved cognitive learning and locomotive behavior. Our study suggests that OM-MSC transplantation could alleviate the symptoms of AD and promote Aβ clearance through immunomodulation, thus demonstrating the great potential and social value of OM-MSC treatment for AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Gu Hong
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Meng-Lu Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ran Duan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi-Lin Pang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Li-Te Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (921 Hospital of PLA), Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China.,Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (921 Hospital of PLA), Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Zheng-Zhao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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12
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Madani Neishaboori A, Eshraghi A, Tasouji Asl A, Shariatpanahi M, Yousefifard M, Gorji A. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells as a potential candidate in treatment of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review on preclinical studies. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2022; 10:e00977. [PMID: 35718918 PMCID: PMC9207226 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, numerous investigations have evaluated the efficacy of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and their exosome transplantation in managing Alzheimer's disease (AD) in different animal models. However, there are still many contradictions among the studies that hinder reaching a reliable conclusion. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the existing evidence regarding the efficacy of ADSCs administration in treatment of AD. The systematic search was conducted in the databases of Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science, in addition to the manual search in Google and Google scholar, to find articles published until March 13, 2021. Preclinical studies were included and two independent reviewers summarized the eligible papers. Ten articles were included in our review. The treatment strategies varied between isolated ADSC, ADSCs exosomes, ADSCs conditioned medium, and combination therapy (ADSCs plus conditioned medium in one study, and ADSCs plus melatonin in another study). Overview of the included articles showed promising results of ADSCs and its conditioned medium/exosome administration in animal models of AD. These studies showed significant learning and memory improvements through ADSCs and their conditioned medium/exosome administration in animal models of AD. In addition, the application of ADSCs reduced the amyloid-beta plaque deposits in the hippocampus and neocortex of these animals. Based on the aforementioned evidence, studies have suggested potential beneficial effects of ADSCs in the treatment of AD, particularly through decreasing the size of Aβ plaques and improvement of cognitive deficits. Further investigations regarding the subject are encouraged to achieve more accurate conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azadeh Eshraghi
- Emergency Medicine Management Research Center, Health Management Research InstituteIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Marjan Shariatpanahi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of PharmacyIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Neuroscience Research Center (NRC)Iran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Ali Gorji
- Epilepsy Research Center, Neurosurgery DepartmentWestfälische‐Wilhelms‐UniversitätMünsterGermany
- Shefa Neuroscience Research CenterKhatam Alanbia HospitalTehranIran
- Neuroscience Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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13
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Bashyal N, Lee TY, Chang DY, Jung JH, Kim MG, Acharya R, Kim SS, Oh IH, Suh-Kim H. Improving the Safety of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Ex Vivo Therapy Using Herpes Simplex Virus Thymidine Kinase. Mol Cells 2022; 45:479-494. [PMID: 35356894 PMCID: PMC9260133 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.5015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that have been intensively studied as therapeutic tools for a variety of disorders. To enhance the efficacy of MSCs, therapeutic genes are introduced using retroviral and lentiviral vectors. However, serious adverse events (SAEs) such as tumorigenesis can be induced by insertional mutagenesis. We generated lentiviral vectors encoding the wild-type herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) gene and a gene containing a point mutation that results in an alanine to histidine substitution at residue 168 (TK(A168H)) and transduced expression in MSCs (MSC-TK and MSC-TK(A168H)). Transduction of lentiviral vectors encoding the TK(A168H) mutant did not alter the proliferation capacity, mesodermal differentiation potential, or surface antigenicity of MSCs. The MSC-TK(A168H) cells were genetically stable, as shown by karyotyping. MSC-TK(A168H) responded to ganciclovir (GCV) with an half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value 10-fold less than that of MSC-TK. Because MSC-TK(A168H) cells were found to be non-tumorigenic, a U87-TK(A168H) subcutaneous tumor was used as a SAE-like condition and we evaluated the effect of valganciclovir (vGCV), an oral prodrug for GCV. U87-TK(A168H) tumors were more efficiently ablated by 200 mg/kg vGCV than U87-TK tumors. These results indicate that MSC-TK(A168H) cells appear to be pre-clinically safe for therapeutic use. We propose that genetic modification with HSV-TK(A168H) makes allogeneic MSC-based ex vivo therapy safer by eliminating transplanted cells during SAEs such as uncontrolled cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Bashyal
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Tae-Young Lee
- Research Center, Cell&Brain Co., Ltd., Jeonju 54871, Korea
| | - Da-Young Chang
- Research Center, Cell&Brain Co., Ltd., Jeonju 54871, Korea
| | - Jin-Hwa Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Min Gyeong Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Rakshya Acharya
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Il-Hoan Oh
- Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Haeyoung Suh-Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Research Center, Cell&Brain Co., Ltd., Jeonju 54871, Korea
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14
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Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Pretreatment Improves Autologous Adipose-derived Stem Cells Against Rheumatoid Arthritis-induced Neuroinflammation in the Brain of Collagen-induced Rats. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1223-1234. [PMID: 35829999 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC) exert neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. ADSCs are considered potential therapeutics for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an inflammatory, multisystemic autoimmune disease. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenolic compound in green tea, has strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate whether EGCG has a synergistic effect on the neuroprotective effects of ADSCs to protect the RA-damaged brain. Wistar rats were classified into four groups: sham, RA, RA + ADSCs (1 × 106 cells per rat), and RA + EGCG (10 µM)-pretreated ADSCs. After 2 months of treatment, the brain tissues from the rats were collected and investigated. The brains of RA rats had higher inflammation and apoptosis. ADSC treatment ameliorated these negative effects significantly; however, the neuroprotective abilities of EGCG-pretreated ADSCs were significantly higher than ADSCs. Furthermore, the RA-induced repression of the PI3K/Akt survival pathway was reactivated by EGCG-pretreated ADSCs. Collectively, this study provides evidence that EGCG synergistically enhances the neuroprotective ability of ADSCs to repress the negative effects of RA on the brain. These findings could help develop new therapeutic strategies against RA or other neurodegenerative diseases after clinical validation in the future.
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15
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Liu C. The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Regulating Astrocytes-Related Synapse Dysfunction in Early Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:927256. [PMID: 35801178 PMCID: PMC9253587 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.927256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by the presence of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles formed by hyperphosphorylated tau as pathological features and the cognitive decline as main clinical features. An important cellular correlation of cognitive decline in AD is synapse loss. Soluble Aβ oligomer has been proposed to be a crucial early event leading to synapse dysfunction in AD. Astrocytes are crucial for synaptic formation and function, and defects in astrocytic activation and function have been suggested in the pathogenesis of AD. Astrocytes may contribute to synapse dysfunction at an early stage of AD by participating in Aβ metabolism, brain inflammatory response, and synaptic regulation. While mesenchymal stem cells can inhibit astrogliosis, and promote non-reactive astrocytes. They can also induce direct regeneration of neurons and synapses. This review describes the role of mesenchymal stem cells and underlying mechanisms in regulating astrocytes-related Aβ metabolism, neuroinflammation, and synapse dysfunction in early AD, exploring the open questions in this field.
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16
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Wei B, Zeng M, Yang J, Li S, Zhang J, Ding N, Jiang Z. N6-Methyladenosine RNA Modification: A Potential Regulator of Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:835205. [PMID: 35445023 PMCID: PMC9013802 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.835205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation (SCT) holds great promise for overcoming diseases by regenerating damaged cells, tissues and organs. The potential for self-renewal and differentiation is the key to SCT. RNA methylation, a dynamic and reversible epigenetic modification, is able to regulate the ability of stem cells to differentiate and regenerate. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the richest form of RNA methylation in eukaryotes and is regulated by three classes of proteins: methyltransferase complexes, demethylase complexes and m6A binding proteins. Through the coordination of these proteins, RNA methylation precisely modulates the expression of important target genes by affecting mRNA stability, translation, selective splicing, processing and microRNA maturation. In this review, we summarize the most recent findings on the regulation of m6A modification in embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and adult stem cells, hoping to provide new insights into improving SCT technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wei
- Research Lab of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Human International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Meiyu Zeng
- Research Lab of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Research Lab of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shuainan Li
- Research Lab of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiantao Zhang
- Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Nan Ding
- Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- *Correspondence: Nan Ding, ; Zhisheng Jiang,
| | - Zhisheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Human International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- *Correspondence: Nan Ding, ; Zhisheng Jiang,
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17
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Issa SS, Shaimardanova AA, Valiullin VV, Rizvanov AA, Solovyeva VV. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Lysosomal Storage Diseases and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:859516. [PMID: 35308211 PMCID: PMC8924473 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.859516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of approximately 50 genetic disorders caused by mutations in genes coding enzymes that are involved in cell degradation and transferring lipids and other macromolecules. Accumulation of lipids and other macromolecules in lysosomes leads to the destruction of affected cells. Although the clinical manifestations of different LSDs vary greatly, more than half of LSDs have symptoms of central nervous system neurodegeneration, and within each disorder there is a considerable variation, ranging from severe, infantile-onset forms to attenuated adult-onset disease, sometimes with distinct clinical features. To date, treatment options for this group of diseases remain limited, which highlights the need for further development of innovative therapeutic approaches, that can not only improve the patients' quality of life, but also provide full recovery for them. In many LSDs stem cell-based therapy showed promising results in preclinical researches. This review discusses using mesenchymal stem cells for different LSDs therapy and other neurodegenerative diseases and their possible limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza S Issa
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alisa A Shaimardanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Victor V Valiullin
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert A Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Valeriya V Solovyeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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18
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Karvelas N, Bennett S, Politis G, Kouris NI, Kole C. Advances in stem cell therapy in Alzheimer's disease: a comprehensive clinical trial review. Stem Cell Investig 2022; 9:2. [PMID: 35280344 PMCID: PMC8898169 DOI: 10.21037/sci-2021-063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia responsible for more than 121,499 deaths from AD in 2019 making AD the sixth-leading cause in the United States. AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by decline of memory, behavioral impairments that affects a person's ability to function independently ultimately leading to death. The current pressing need for a treatment for (AD) and advances in the field of cell therapy, has rendered stem cell therapeutics a promising field of research. Despite advancements in stem cell technology, confirmed by encouraging pre-clinical utilization of stem cells in AD animal models, the number of clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of stem cell therapy is limited, with the results of many ongoing clinical trials on cell therapy for AD still pending. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been the main focus in these studies, reporting encouraging results concerning safety profile, however their efficacy remains unproven. In the current article we review the latest advances regarding different sources of stem cell therapy and present a comprehensive list of every available clinical trial in national and international registries. Finally, we discuss drawbacks arising from AD pathology and technical limitations that hinder the transition of stem cell technology from bench to bedside. Our findings emphasize the need to increase clinical trials towards uncovering the mode of action and the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of transplanted cells as well as the molecular mechanisms controlling regeneration and neuronal microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Karvelas
- Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athina, Greece
| | | | - Georgios Politis
- Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athina, Greece
| | | | - Christo Kole
- Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athina, Greece
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19
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Hu J, Wang X. Alzheimer’s Disease: From Pathogenesis to Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy – Bridging the Missing Link. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:811852. [PMID: 35197824 PMCID: PMC8859419 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.811852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease worldwide. With the increasing trend of population aging, the estimated number of AD continues to climb, causing enormous medical, social and economic burden to the society. Currently, no drug is available to cure the disease or slow down its progression. There is an urgent need to improve our understanding on the pathogenesis of AD and develop novel therapy to combat it. Despite the two well-known pathological hallmarks (extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular Neurofibrillary Tangles), the exact mechanisms for selective degeneration and loss of neurons and synapses in AD remain to be elucidated. Cumulative studies have shown neuroinflammation plays a central role in pathogenesis of AD. Neuroinflammation is actively involved both in the onset and the subsequent progression of AD. Microglia are the central player in AD neuroinflammation. In this review, we first introduced the different theories proposed for the pathogenesis of AD, focusing on neuroinflammation, especially on microglia, systemic inflammation, and peripheral and central immune system crosstalk. We explored the possible mechanisms of action of stem cell therapy, which is the only treatment modality so far that has pleiotropic effects and can target multiple mechanisms in AD. Mesenchymal stem cells are currently the most widely used stem cell type in AD clinical trials. We summarized the ongoing major mesenchymal stem cell clinical trials in AD and showed how translational stem cell therapy is bridging the gap between basic science and clinical intervention in this devastating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiong Hu
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Cell Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jingqiong Hu,
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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20
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Switching Roles: Beneficial Effects of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Microglia and Their Implication in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020219. [PMID: 35204722 PMCID: PMC8961583 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, are often characterized by neuroinflammation, which is largely driven by microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Under these conditions, microglia are able to secrete neurotoxic substances, provoking neuronal cell death. However, microglia in the healthy brain carry out CNS-supporting functions. This is due to the ability of microglia to acquire different phenotypes that can play a neuroprotective role under physiological conditions or a pro-inflammatory, damaging one during disease. Therefore, therapeutic strategies focus on the downregulation of these neuroinflammatory processes and try to re-activate the neuroprotective features of microglia. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) of different origins have been shown to exert such effects, due to their immunomodulatory properties. In recent years, MSC derived from adipose tissue have been made the center of attention because of their easy availability and extraction methods. These cells induce a neuroprotective phenotype in microglia and downregulate neuroinflammation, resulting in an improvement of clinical symptoms in a variety of animal models for neurological pathologies, e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, traumatic brain injury and ischemic stroke. In this review, we will discuss the application of adipose tissue-derived MSC and their conditioned medium, including extracellular vesicles, in neurological disorders, their beneficial effect on microglia and the signaling pathways involved.
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21
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Kaniowska D, Wenk K, Rademacher P, Weiss R, Fabian C, Schulz I, Guthardt M, Lange F, Greiser S, Schmidt M, Braumann UD, Emmrich F, Koehl U, Jaimes Y. Extracellular Vesicles of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Can be Taken Up by Microglial Cells and Partially Prevent the Stimulation Induced by β-amyloid. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1113-1126. [PMID: 35080744 PMCID: PMC8942956 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have great capacity for immune regulation. MSCs provide protective paracrine effects, which are partially exerted by extracellular vesicles (EVs). It has been reported that MSCs-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) contain soluble factors, such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and even microRNAs, which confer them similar anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects to MSCs. Moreover, MSCs modulate microglia activation through a dual mechanism of action that relies both on cell contact and secreted factors. Microglia cells are the central nervous system immune cells and the main mediators of the inflammation leading to neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we investigated whether MSC-EVs affect the activation of microglia cells by β-amyloid aggregates. We show that the presence of MSC-EVs can prevent the upregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nitric oxide (NO). Both are up-regulated in neurodegenerative diseases representing chronic inflammation, as in Alzheimer’s disease. We demonstrate that MSC-EVs are internalized by the microglia cells. Further, our study supports the use of MSC-EVs as a promising therapeutic tool to treat neuroinflammatory diseases. Significance Statement It has been reported that mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles have therapeutic effects in the treatment of various degenerative and inflammatory diseases. Extracellular vesicles are loaded with proteins, lipids and RNA and act as intercellular communication mediators. Here we show that extracellular vesicles can be taken up by murine microglial cells. In addition, they partially reduce the activation of microglial cells against β-amyloid aggregates. This inhibition of microglia activation may present an effective strategy for the control/therapy of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kaniowska
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Perlickstrasse 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. .,Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Wenk
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Phil Rademacher
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ronald Weiss
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claire Fabian
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Perlickstrasse 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isabell Schulz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Perlickstrasse 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Max Guthardt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Perlickstrasse 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Franziska Lange
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Perlickstrasse 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Greiser
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Perlickstrasse 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmidt
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulf-Dietrich Braumann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Perlickstrasse 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Faculty of Engineering, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences (HTWK), Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank Emmrich
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Perlickstrasse 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Koehl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Perlickstrasse 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yarúa Jaimes
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Perlickstrasse 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-mediated Diseases CIMD, Frankfurt, Germany
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22
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Fighting fire with fire: the immune system might be key in our fight against Alzheimer's disease. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1261-1283. [PMID: 35032668 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still unknown and no disease-modifying treatment exists. Emerging evidence supports the concept that the immune system has a key role in AD pathogenesis. This awareness leads to the idea that specific parts of the immune system must be engaged to ward off the disease. Immunotherapy has dramatically improved the management of several previously untreatable cancers and could hold similar promise as a novel therapy for treating AD. However, before potent immunotherapies can be rationally designed as treatment against AD, we need to fully understand the dynamic interplay between AD and the different parts of our immune system. Accordingly, here we review the most important aspects of both the innate and adaptive immune system in relation to AD pathology. Teaser: Emerging results support the concept that Alzheimer's disease is affected by the inability of the immune system to contain the pathology of the brain. Here, we discuss how we can engage our immune system to fight this devastating disease.
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23
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Campos HC, Ribeiro DE, Hashiguchi D, Hukuda DY, Gimenes C, Romariz SAA, Ye Q, Tang Y, Ulrich H, Longo BM. Distinct Effects of the Hippocampal Transplantation of Neural and Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Transgenic Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:781-791. [PMID: 34997526 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe disabling condition with no cure currently available, which accounts for 60-70% of all dementia cases worldwide. Therefore, the investigation of possible therapeutic strategies for AD is necessary. To this end, animal models corresponding to the main aspects of AD in humans have been widely used. Similar to AD patients, the double transgenic APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice show cognitive deficits, hyperlocomotion, amyloid-β (Αβ) plaques in the cortex and hippocampus, and exacerbated inflammatory responses. Recent studies have shown that these neuropathological features could be reversed by stem cell transplantation. However, the effects induced by neural (NSC) and mesenchymal (MSC) stem cells has never been compared in an AD animal model. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether transplantation of NSC or MSC into the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice reverses AD-induced pathological alterations, evaluated by the locomotor activity (open field test), short- and long-term memory (object recognition) tests, Αβ plaques (6-E10), microglia distribution (Iba-1), M1 (iNOS) and M2 (ARG-1) microglial phenotype frequencies. NSC and MSC engraftment reduced the number of Αβ plaques and produced an increase in M2 microglia polarization in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice, suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect of stem cell transplantation. NSC also reversed the hyperlocomotor activity and increased the number of microglia in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. No impairment of short or long-term memory was observed in APP/PS1 mice. Overall, this study highlights the potential beneficial effects of transplanting NSC or MSC for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique C Campos
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Depto. Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Deidiane Elisa Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Debora Hashiguchi
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Depto. Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratório de Plasticidade Sináptica, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59078-900, Caixa Postal: 1524, Brazil
| | - Deborah Y Hukuda
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Depto. Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Christiane Gimenes
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Depto. Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone A A Romariz
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Depto. Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,International Collaborative Centre On Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.,Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Yong Tang
- International Collaborative Centre On Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.,Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,International Collaborative Centre On Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Beatriz Monteiro Longo
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Depto. Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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24
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Mazen NF, Abdel‐Fattah EA, Desoky SR, El‐Shal AS. Therapeutic role of adipose tissue-derived stem cells versus microvesicles in a rat model of cerebellar injury. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:326-342. [PMID: 34874117 PMCID: PMC8743657 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a controversial food additive reported to cause negative effects on public health. Adipose stem cells (ASCs) and their derived vesicles (MVs) represent a promising cure for human diseases. This work was planned to compare the therapeutic effects of adipose stem cells and microvesicles in MSG-induced cerebellar damage. Forty adult healthy male Wister rats were equally divided into four groups: Group I (control group), group II (MSG-treated), group III (MSG/ASCs-treated), and group IV (MSG/MVs-treated). Motor behaviour of rats was assessed. Characterization of ASCs and MVs was done by flow cytometry. The cerebellum was processed for light and electron microscopic studies, and immunohistochemical localization of PCNA and GFAP. Morphometry was done for the number of Purkinje cells in H&E-stained sections, area per cent of GFAP immune reactivity and number of positive PCNA cells. Our results showed MSG-induced deterioration in the motor part. Moreover, MSG increases oxidant and apoptotic with decreases of antioxidant biomarkers. Structural changes in the cerebellar cortex as degeneration of nerve cells and gliosis were detected. There were also a decrease in the number of Purkinje cells, an increase in the area per cent of GFAP immune reactivity and a decrease in the number of positive PCNA cells, as compared to the control. Rats treated with ASCs showed marked functional and structural improvement in comparison with MV-treated rats. Thus, both ASCs and MVs had therapeutic potential for MSG-induced cerebellar damage with better results in case of ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehad F. Mazen
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology DepartmentFaculty of MedicineZagazig UniversityZagazigEgypt
| | - Eman A. Abdel‐Fattah
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology DepartmentFaculty of MedicineZagazig UniversityZagazigEgypt
| | - Shimaa R. Desoky
- Histology and Cell Biology DepartmentFaculty of MedicineSuez UniversityIsmailiaEgypt
| | - Amal S. El‐Shal
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology DepartmentFaculty of Human MedicineZagazig UniversityZagazigEgypt
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25
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Sharma NS, Karan A, Lee D, Yan Z, Xie J. Advances in Modeling Alzheimer's Disease In Vitro. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Navatha Shree Sharma
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Anik Karan
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Donghee Lee
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Zheng Yan
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering and Department of Biomedical Biological and Chemical Engineering University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering College of Engineering University of Nebraska Lincoln Lincoln NE 68588 USA
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26
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Skok M. Mesenchymal stem cells as a potential therapeutic tool to cure cognitive impairment caused by neuroinflammation. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1072-1083. [PMID: 34567426 PMCID: PMC8422935 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i8.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An established contribution of neuroinflammation to multiple brain pathologies has raised the requirement for therapeutic strategies to overcome it in order to prevent age- and disease-dependent cognitive decline. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) produce multiple growth and neurotrophic factors and seem to evade immune rejection due to low expression of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. Therefore, MSCs are widely used in experiments and clinical trials of regenerative medicine. This review summarizes recent data concerning the optimization of MSC use for therapeutic purposes with the emphasis on the achievements of the last 2 years. Specific attention is paid to extracellular vesicles secreted by MSCs and to the role of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The reviewed data demonstrate that MSCs have a significant therapeutic potential in treating neuroinflammation-related cognitive disfunctions including age-related neurodegenerative diseases. The novel data demonstrate that maximal therapeutic effect is being achieved when MSCs penetrate the brain and produce their stimulating factors in situ. Consequently, therapeutic application using MSCs should include measures to facilitate their homing to the brain, support the survival in the brain microenvironment, and stimulate the production of neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory factors. These measures include but are not limited to genetic modification of MSCs and pre-conditioning before transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryna Skok
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv 01054, Ukraine
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27
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Armijo E, Edwards G, Flores A, Vera J, Shahnawaz M, Moda F, Gonzalez C, Sanhueza M, Soto C. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Precursors Improve Memory, Synaptic and Pathological Abnormalities in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071802. [PMID: 34359972 PMCID: PMC8303262 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in the elderly population. The disease is characterized by progressive memory loss, cerebral atrophy, extensive neuronal loss, synaptic alterations, brain inflammation, extracellular accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, and intracellular accumulation of hyper-phosphorylated tau (p-tau) protein. Many recent clinical trials have failed to show therapeutic benefit, likely because at the time in which patients exhibit clinical symptoms the brain is irreversibly damaged. In recent years, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been suggested as a promising cell therapy to recover brain functionality in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. To evaluate the potential benefits of iPSCs on AD progression, we stereotaxically injected mouse iPSC-derived neural precursors (iPSC-NPCs) into the hippocampus of aged triple transgenic (3xTg-AD) mice harboring extensive pathological abnormalities typical of AD. Interestingly, iPSC-NPCs transplanted mice showed improved memory, synaptic plasticity, and reduced AD brain pathology, including a reduction of amyloid and tangles deposits. Our findings suggest that iPSC-NPCs might be a useful therapy that could produce benefit at the advanced clinical and pathological stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Armijo
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, Mc Govern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.A.); (G.E.); (A.F.); (M.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Av. San Carlos de Apoquindo 2200, Las Condes, Santiago 7550000, Chile
| | - George Edwards
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, Mc Govern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.A.); (G.E.); (A.F.); (M.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Andrea Flores
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, Mc Govern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.A.); (G.E.); (A.F.); (M.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Jorge Vera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 7800024, Chile; (J.V.); (M.S.)
| | - Mohammad Shahnawaz
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, Mc Govern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.A.); (G.E.); (A.F.); (M.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Fabio Moda
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, Mc Govern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.A.); (G.E.); (A.F.); (M.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cesar Gonzalez
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, Mc Govern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.A.); (G.E.); (A.F.); (M.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile
| | - Magdalena Sanhueza
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 7800024, Chile; (J.V.); (M.S.)
| | - Claudio Soto
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, Mc Govern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.A.); (G.E.); (A.F.); (M.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Av. San Carlos de Apoquindo 2200, Las Condes, Santiago 7550000, Chile
- Correspondence:
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28
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Neves AF, Camargo C, Premer C, Hare JM, Baumel BS, Pinto M. Intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells reduces Tau phosphorylation and inflammation in the 3xTg-AD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Exp Neurol 2021; 341:113706. [PMID: 33757765 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) administration is a novel and promising therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Focusing on an intervention easily translatable into clinical practice, we administered allogeneic bone marrow-derived MSCs intravenously in a mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD). We systematically evaluated the effects of a single-dose and multiple-doses of MSCs in young and old mice (5 or 10 months old), comparing the short-term and long-term effects after 1, 2, or 7 months of treatment. A single dose of MSCs in young mice attenuated neuroinflammation 1 and 7 months after injection, whereas multiple-doses did not show any effect. Multiple-doses of MSCs (administered at 5 to 12 mo, or 10 to 12 mo) reduced the β-secretase cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein, although levels of Aβ-42 did not change. Most interestingly, multiple doses of MSCs affected tau hyperphosphorylation. MSCs administered in young mice for 7 months decreased the pathological tau phosphorylation at T205, S214, and T231. MSCs administered in old mice for 2 months decreased tau phosphorylation at S396. Our findings show how different timing and frequency of MSC injections can affect and modulate several aspects of the AD-like neuropathology in the 3xTg-AD mouse model, strengthening the concept of fine-tuning MSC therapy for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Ferreira Neves
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 1420 NW 9th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America.
| | - Christian Camargo
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 1150 Northwest 14th Street, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America.
| | - Courtney Premer
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Biomedical Research Building, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Suite 909, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America.
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Biomedical Research Building, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Suite 909, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America.
| | - Bernard S Baumel
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 1150 Northwest 14th Street, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America.
| | - Milena Pinto
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 1420 NW 9th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America.
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29
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Noureddini M, Bagheri-Mohammadi S. Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Alzheimer's Disease: Novel Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and their Role in Hippocampal Neurogenesis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2021; 10:1-10. [PMID: 34268249 PMCID: PMC8256831 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.10.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The neurogenesis can occur in two regions of the adult mammalian brain throughout the lifespan: the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus, and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle. The proliferation and maturation of neural progenitor cells are tightly regulated through intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The integration of maturated cells into the circuitry of the adult hippocampus emphasizes the importance of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in learning and memory. There is a large body of evidence demonstrating that alteration in the neurogenesis process in the adult hippocampus results in an early event in the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In AD condition, the number and maturation of neurons declines progressively in the hippocampus. Innovative therapies are required to modulate brain homeostasis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold an immense potential to regulate the neurogenesis process, and are currently tested in some brain-related disorders, such as AD. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss the use of MSCs to regulate endogenous adult neurogenesis and their significant impact on future strategies for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Noureddini
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Saeid Bagheri-Mohammadi
- Department of Physiology and Neurophysiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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30
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Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles modulate lipopolysaccharide activated human microglia. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:98. [PMID: 33972507 PMCID: PMC8110535 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00471-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), are driven by neuroinflammation triggered by activated microglial cells; hence, the phenotypic regulation of these cells is an appealing target for intervention. Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAD-MSCs) may be a potential therapeutic candidate to treat NDs given their immunomodulatory properties. Evidence suggests that the mechanism of action of hAD-MSCs is through their secretome, which includes secreted factors such as cytokines, chemokines, or growth factors as well as extracellular vesicles (EVs). Recently, EVs have emerged as important mediators in cell communication given, they can transfer proteins, lipids, and RNA species (i.e., miRNA, mRNA, and tRNAs) to modulate recipient cells. However, the therapeutic potential of hAD-MSCs and their secreted EVs has not been fully elucidated with respect to human microglia. In this study, we determined the therapeutic potential of different hAD-MSCs doses (200,000, 100,000, and 50,000 cells) or their secreted EVs (50, 20, or 10 µg/ml), on human microglial cells (HMC3) that were activated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), an activation marker of HMC3 cells, was prevented when they were cocultured with hAD-MSCs and EVs. Moreover, hAD-MSCs inhibited the secretion of proinflammatory factors, such as IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1, while their secreted EVs promoted the expression of anti-inflammatory mediators such as IL-10 or TIMP-1 in activated microglia. The present data therefore support a role for hAD-MSCs and their secreted EVs, as potential therapeutic candidates for the treatment of NDs.
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31
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Semenova E, Grudniak MP, Machaj EK, Bocian K, Chroscinska-Krawczyk M, Trochonowicz M, Stepaniec IM, Murzyn M, Zagorska KE, Boruczkowski D, Kolanowski TJ, Oldak T, Rozwadowska N. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Different Parts of Umbilical Cord: Approach to Comparison & Characteristics. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1780-1795. [PMID: 33860454 PMCID: PMC8553697 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are a unique population of cells that play an important role in the regeneration potential of the body. MSCs exhibit a characteristic phenotype and are capable of modulating the immune response. MSCs can be isolated from various tissues such as: bone marrow, adipose tissue, placenta, umbilical cord and others. The umbilical cord as a source of MSCs, has strong advantages, such as no-risk procedure of tissue retrieval after birth and easiness of the MSCs isolation. As the umbilical cord (UC) is a complex organ and we decided to evaluate, whether the cells derived from different regions of umbilical cord show similar or distinct properties. In this study we characterized and compared MSCs from three regions of the umbilical cord: Wharton's Jelly (WJ), the perivascular space (PRV) and the umbilical membrane (UCM). The analysis was carried out in terms of morphology, phenotype, immunomodulation potential and secretome. Based on the obtained results, we were able to conclude, that MSCs derived from distinct UC regions differ in their properties. According to our result WJ-MSCs have high and stabile proliferation potential and phenotype, when compare with other MSCs and can be treated as a preferable source of cells for medical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Semenova
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz P Grudniak
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eugeniusz K Machaj
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bocian
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marzena Trochonowicz
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Igor M Stepaniec
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Murzyn
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina E Zagorska
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Boruczkowski
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz J Kolanowski
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Oldak
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland.
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32
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Andrzejewska A, Dabrowska S, Lukomska B, Janowski M. Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Neurological Disorders. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2002944. [PMID: 33854883 PMCID: PMC8024997 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are becoming a growing burden as society ages, and there is a compelling need to address this spiraling problem. Stem cell-based regenerative medicine is becoming an increasingly attractive approach to designing therapies for such disorders. The unique characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) make them among the most sought after cell sources. Researchers have extensively studied the modulatory properties of MSCs and their engineering, labeling, and delivery methods to the brain. The first part of this review provides an overview of studies on the application of MSCs to various neurological diseases, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other less frequently studied clinical entities. In the second part, stem cell delivery to the brain is focused. This fundamental but still understudied problem needs to be overcome to apply stem cells to brain diseases successfully. Here the value of cell engineering is also emphasized to facilitate MSC diapedesis, migration, and homing to brain areas affected by the disease to implement precision medicine paradigms into stem cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Andrzejewska
- NeuroRepair DepartmentMossakowski Medical Research CentrePASWarsaw02‐106Poland
| | - Sylwia Dabrowska
- NeuroRepair DepartmentMossakowski Medical Research CentrePASWarsaw02‐106Poland
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- NeuroRepair DepartmentMossakowski Medical Research CentrePASWarsaw02‐106Poland
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- NeuroRepair DepartmentMossakowski Medical Research CentrePASWarsaw02‐106Poland
- Center for Advanced Imaging ResearchDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear MedicineUniversity of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMD21201‐1595USA
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy ProgramUniversity of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMD21201‐1595USA
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33
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Adipose stem cells in obesity: challenges and opportunities. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:225001. [PMID: 32452515 PMCID: PMC7284323 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20194076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue, the storage of excessive energy in the body, secretes various proteins called adipokines, which connect the body’s nutritional status to the regulation of energy balance. Obesity triggers alterations of quantity and quality of various types of cells that reside in adipose tissue, including adipose stem cells (ASCs; referred to as adipose-derived stem/stromal cells in vitro). These alterations in the functionalities and properties of ASCs impair adipose tissue remodeling and adipose tissue function, which induces low-grade systemic inflammation, progressive insulin resistance, and other metabolic disorders. In contrast, the ability of ASCs to recruit new adipocytes when faced with caloric excess leads to healthy adipose tissue expansion, associated with lower amounts of inflammation, fibrosis, and insulin resistance. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the identity of ASCs and their roles in adipose tissue development, homeostasis, expansion, and thermogenesis, and how these roles go awry in obesity. A better understanding of the biology of ASCs and their adipogenesis may lead to novel therapeutic targets for obesity and metabolic disease.
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34
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Sivandzade F, Cucullo L. Regenerative Stem Cell Therapy for Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2153. [PMID: 33671500 PMCID: PMC7926761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases resulting from the progressive loss of structure and/or function of neurons contribute to different paralysis degrees and loss of cognition and sensation. The lack of successful curative therapies for neurodegenerative disorders leads to a considerable burden on society and a high economic impact. Over the past 20 years, regenerative cell therapy, also known as stem cell therapy, has provided an excellent opportunity to investigate potentially powerful innovative strategies for treating neurodegenerative diseases. This is due to stem cells' capability to repair injured neuronal tissue by replacing the damaged or lost cells with differentiated cells, providing a conducive environment that is in favor of regeneration, or protecting the existing healthy neurons and glial cells from further damage. Thus, in this review, the various types of stem cells, the current knowledge of stem-cell-based therapies in neurodegenerative diseases, and the recent advances in this field are summarized. Indeed, a better understanding and further studies of stem cell technologies cause progress into realistic and efficacious treatments of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzane Sivandzade
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA;
- Department of Foundation Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Foundation Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
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35
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Bagheri-Mohammadi S. Stem cell-based therapy as a promising approach in Alzheimer's disease: current perspectives on novel treatment. Cell Tissue Bank 2021; 22:339-353. [PMID: 33398492 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-020-09896-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neuronal disorder with insidious onset and slow progression, leading to growing global concern with huge implications for individuals and society. The occurrence of AD has been increased and has become an important health issue throughout the world. In recent years, the care of more than 35 million patients with AD costs over $ 600 billion per year, it is approximately 1 percent of the global Gross Domestic Product. Currently, the therapeutic approach is not effective for neurological deficits especially after the development of these major neurological disorders. The discovery of the technique called cell-based therapy has shown promising results and made important conclusions beyond AD using the stem cells approach. Here we review recent progress on stem cell-based therapy in the context of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Bagheri-Mohammadi
- Department of Physiology and Neurophysiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. .,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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36
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Lv X, Niu H. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation for the Treatment of Cognitive Frailty. J Nutr Health Aging 2021; 25:795-801. [PMID: 34179936 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-021-1632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As life expectancy increases, frailty and cognitive impairment have become major factors influencing healthy aging in elderly individuals. Frailty is a complicated clinical condition characterized by decreased physiological reserve and multisystem abnormalities. Cognitive frailty is a subtype of frailty that has aroused widespread concern among the scientific community and public health organizations. We herein review the pathogenesis of cognitive frailty, such as chronic inflammatory response, immunological hypofunction, imbalanced oxidative stress, reduced regenerative function, endocrine dysfunction, and energy metabolism disorder. Although existing interventions show some therapeutic effects, they do not meet the current clinical needs. To date, studies using stem cell technology for treating age-related diseases have achieved remarkable success. This suggests the possibility of applying stem cell treatment to cognitive frailty. We analyzed stem cell-based strategies for targeting anti-inflammation, antioxidation, regeneration, and immunoregulation using mesenchymal stem cells, as well as potential therapeutic targets for cognitive frailty. Based on this investigation, we propose a highly effective and low-cost stem cell-based replacement strategy. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the prospect of stem cell transplantation for improving cognitive frailty. In this review, we aim to provide the scientific background and a theoretical basis for testing cell therapy in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Lv
- Huiyan Niu, 36 Sanhao street, Shenyang, Liaoning province, China, Tel :+86 18940255686,
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37
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Bagheri-Mohammadi S. Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of Stem Cell-Microglia Interaction in Brain Homeostasis. Neurochem Res 2020; 46:141-148. [PMID: 33174075 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microglia as resident cells of the brain can regulate neural development and maintenance of neuronal networks. Any types of pathologic events or changes in brain homeostasis are involved in the activation of microglia. This activation depends on the context, type of the stressor, or pathology. Due to the release of a plethora of substances such as chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors, microglia able to influence the pathologic outcome. In Alzheimer's disease (AD) condition, the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) result in provokes the phenotypic activation of microglia and their elaboration of pro-inflammatory molecules. New investigations reveal that cellular therapy with stem cells might have therapeutic effects in preventing the pathogenesis of AD. Although many strategies have focused on the use of stem cells to regenerate damaged neurons, new researches have demonstrated the immune-regulatory feature of stem cells which can modulate the activity state of microglia as well as mediates neuroinflammation. Hence, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the brain homeostasis by the protective features of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could lead to remedial treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Bagheri-Mohammadi
- Department of Physiology and Neurophysiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. .,Departments of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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38
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Badyra B, Sułkowski M, Milczarek O, Majka M. Mesenchymal stem cells as a multimodal treatment for nervous system diseases. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1174-1189. [PMID: 32573961 PMCID: PMC7519763 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are a massive challenge for modern medicine. Apart from the fact that this group of diseases is the second leading cause of death worldwide, the majority of patients have no access to any possible effective and standardized treatment after being diagnosed, leaving them and their families helpless. This is the reason why such great emphasis is being placed on the development of new, more effective methods to treat neurological patients. Regenerative medicine opens new therapeutic approaches in neurology, including the use of cell-based therapies. In this review, we focus on summarizing one of the cell sources that can be applied as a multimodal treatment tool to overcome the complex issue of neurodegeneration-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Apart from the highly proven safety of this approach, beneficial effects connected to this type of treatment have been observed. This review presents modes of action of MSCs, explained on the basis of data from vast in vitro and preclinical studies, and we summarize the effects of using these cells in clinical trial settings. Finally, we stress what improvements have already been made to clarify the exact mechanism of MSCs action, and we discuss potential ways to improve the introduction of MSC-based therapies in clinics. In summary, we propose that more insightful and methodical optimization, by combining careful preparation and administration, can enable use of multimodal MSCs as an effective, tailored cell therapy suited to specific neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Badyra
- Department of TransplantationJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
| | - Maciej Sułkowski
- Department of TransplantationJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
| | - Olga Milczarek
- Department of Children NeurosurgeryJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
| | - Marcin Majka
- Department of TransplantationJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
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Jia Y, Cao N, Zhai J, Zeng Q, Zheng P, Su R, Liao T, Liu J, Pei H, Fan Z, Zhou J, Xi J, He L, Chen L, Nan X, Yue W, Pei X. HGF Mediates Clinical-Grade Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improved Functional Recovery in a Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903809. [PMID: 32995116 PMCID: PMC7507104 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have emerged as a potential therapy for a range of neural insults, but their application in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still limited and the mechanisms underlying the cognitive benefits of stem cells remain to be elucidated. Here, the effects of clinical-grade human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) on the recovery of cognitive ability in SAMP8 mice, a senescence-accelerated mouse model of AD is explored. A functional assay identifies that the core functional factor hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secreted from hUC-MSCs plays critical roles in hUC-MSC-modulated recovery of damaged neural cells by down-regulating hyperphosphorylated tau, reversing spine loss, and promoting synaptic plasticity in an AD cell model. Mechanistically, structural and functional recovery, as well as cognitive enhancements elicited by exposure to hUC-MSCs, are at least partially mediated by HGF in the AD hippocampus through the activation of the cMet-AKT-GSK3β signaling pathway. Taken together, these data strongly implicate HGF in mediating hUC-MSC-induced improvements in functional recovery in AD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Jia
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry LabBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing100850China
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
| | - Ning Cao
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support ForceKunming650032China
| | - Jinglei Zhai
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
| | - Quan Zeng
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
| | - Pei Zheng
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
| | - Ruyu Su
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
| | - Tuling Liao
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
| | - Jiajing Liu
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
| | - Haiyun Pei
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry LabBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing100850China
| | - Zeng Fan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
| | - Junnian Zhou
- Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry LabBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing100850China
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
| | - Jiafei Xi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
| | - Lijuan He
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
| | - Lin Chen
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
| | - Xue Nan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
| | - Wen Yue
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
| | - Xuetao Pei
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
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40
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Yao P, Zhou L, Zhu L, Zhou B, Yu Q. Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Eur Neurol 2020; 83:235-241. [PMID: 32690856 DOI: 10.1159/000509268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease is a kind of chronic, progressive nervous system disease characterized by neuron degeneration or apoptosis. Current treatments cannot prevent the development of the disease. Possible alternative treatments include cell therapy, especially with the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs are pluripotent stem cells with capacities for self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation. MSCs may serve as a reliable source of neural cells for potential cell replacement therapy or regenerative medicine treatment. Here, we summarized the therapeutic mechanisms of MSCs and how they can contribute to the development of treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Yao
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lujie Zhu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binjie Zhou
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Yu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China,
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41
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Shammaa R, El-Kadiry AEH, Abusarah J, Rafei M. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Beyond Regenerative Medicine. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:72. [PMID: 32133358 PMCID: PMC7040370 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are competent suitors of cellular therapy due to their therapeutic impact on tissue degeneration and immune-based pathologies. Additionally, their homing and immunomodulatory properties can be exploited in cancer malignancies to transport pharmacological entities, produce anti-neoplastic agents, or induce anti-tumor immunity. Herein, we create a portfolio for MSC properties, showcasing their distinct multiple therapeutic utilities and successes/challenges thereof in both animal studies and clinical trials. We further highlight the promising potential of MSCs not only in cancer management but also in instigating tumor-specific immunity - i.e., cancer vaccination. Finally, we reflect on the possible reasons impeding the clinical advancement of MSC-based cancer vaccines to assist in contriving novel methodologies from which a therapeutic milestone might emanate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riam Shammaa
- Canadian Centre for Regenerative Therapy, Toronto, ON, Canada.,IntelliStem Technologies Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Abed El-Hakim El-Kadiry
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jamilah Abusarah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Moutih Rafei
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Molecular Biology Program, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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42
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Zhang L, Dong ZF, Zhang JY. Immunomodulatory role of mesenchymal stem cells in Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2020; 246:117405. [PMID: 32035129 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common causes of dementia and is characterized by gradual loss in memory, language, and cognitive function. The hallmarks of AD include extracellular amyloid deposition, intracellular neuronal fiber entanglement, and neuronal loss. Despite strenuous efforts toward improvement of AD, there remains a lack of effective treatment and current pharmaceutical therapies only alleviate the symptoms for a short period of time. Interestingly, some progress has been achieved in treatment of AD based on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation in recent years. MSC transplantation, as a rising therapy, is used as an intervention in AD, because of the enormous potential of MSCs, including differentiation potency, immunoregulatory function, and no immunological rejection. Although numerous strategies have focused on the use of MSCs to replace apoptotic or degenerating neurons, recent studies have implied that MSC-immunoregulation, which modulates the activity state of microglia or astrocytes and mediates neuroinflammation via several transcription factors (NFs) signaling pathways, may act as a major mechanism for the therapeutic efficacy of MSC and be responsible for some of the satisfactory results. In this review, we will focus on the role of MSC-immunoregulation in MSC-based therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, China.
| | - Zhi-Fang Dong
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, China.
| | - Jie-Yuan Zhang
- Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Derakhshankhah H, Sajadimajd S, Jafari S, Izadi Z, Sarvari S, Sharifi M, Falahati M, Moakedi F, Muganda WCA, Müller M, Raoufi M, Presley JF. Novel therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease: Implications from cell-based therapy and nanotherapy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 24:102149. [PMID: 31927133 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease which leads to progressive dysfunction of cognition, memory and learning in elderly people. Common therapeutic agents are not only inadequate to suppress the progression of AD pathogenesis but also produce deleterious side effects; hence, development of alternative therapies is required to specifically suppress complications of AD. The current review provides a commentary on conventional as well as novel therapeutic approaches with an emphasis on stem cell and nano-based therapies for improvement and management of AD pathogenesis. According to our overview of the current literature, AD is a multi-factorial disorder with various pathogenic trajectories; hence, a multifunctional strategy to create effective neuroprotective agents is required to treat this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Derakhshankhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Soraya Sajadimajd
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Samira Jafari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zhila Izadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sajad Sarvari
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Sharifi
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advance Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advance Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Moakedi
- Health Science Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | | | - Mareike Müller
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry (Cμ), University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Mohammad Raoufi
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry (Cμ), University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany; Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - John F Presley
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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Adipose Stem Cell-Based Clinical Strategy for Neural Regeneration: A Review of Current Opinion. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:8502370. [PMID: 31827536 PMCID: PMC6885831 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8502370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve injury is a critical problem in the clinic. Nerve injury causes serious clinic issues including pain and dysfunctions for patients. The disconnection between damaged neural fibers and muscles will result in muscle atrophy in a few weeks if no treatment is applied. Moreover, scientists have discovered that nerve injury can affect the osteogenic differentiation of skeletal stem cells (SSCs) and the fracture repairing. In plastic surgery, muscle atrophy and bone fracture after nerve injury have plagued clinicians for many years. How to promote neural regeneration is the core issue of research in the recent years. Without obvious effects of traditional neurosurgical treatments, research on stem cells in the past 10 years has provided a new therapeutic strategy for us to address this problem. Adipose stem cells (ASCs) are a kind of mesenchymal stem cells that have differentiation potential in adipose tissue. In the recent years, ASCs have become the focus of regenerative medicine. They play a pivotal role in tissue regeneration engineering. As a type of stem cell, ASCs are becoming popular for neuroregenerative medicine due to their advantages and characteristics. In the various diseases of the nervous system, ASCs are gradually applied to treat the related diseases. This review article focuses on the mechanism and clinical application of ASCs in nerve regeneration as well as the related research on ASCs over the past decades.
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45
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Human intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of autologous, non-engineered, adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (ADSVF) for neurodegenerative disorders: results of a 3-year phase 1 study of 113 injections in 31 patients. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5257-5272. [PMID: 31327120 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have chosen to test the safety of human intracerebroventricular (ICV) brain injections of autologous non-genetically-modified adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (ADSVF). In this IRB-approved trial, 24 patients received ICV ADSVF via an implanted reservoir between 5/22/14 and 5/22/17. Seven others were injected via their ventriculo-peritoneal shunts. Ten patients had Alzheimer's disease (AD), 6 had amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 6 had progressive multiple sclerosis (MS-P), 6 had Parkinson's "Plus" (PD+), 1 had spinal cord injury, 1 had traumatic brain injury, and 1 had stroke. Median age was 74 (range 41-83). Injections were planned every 2-3 months. Thirty-one patients had 113 injections. Patients received SVF injection volumes of 3.5-20 cc (median:4 cc) containing 4.05 × 105 to 6.2 × 107 cells/cc, which contained an average of 8% hematopoietic and 7.5% adipose stem cells. Follow-up ranged from 0 to 36 months (median: 9.2 months). MRIs post injection(s) were unchanged, except for one AD patient whose hippocampal volume increased from < 5th percentile to 48th percentile (NeuroQuant® volumetric MRI). Of the 10 AD patients, 8 were stable or improved in tests of cognition. Two showed improvement in P-tau and ß-amyloid levels. Of the 6 MS-P patients all are stable or improved. Four of 6 ALS patients died of disease progression. Twelve of 111 injections (11%) led to 1-4 days of transient meningismus, and mild temperature elevation, which resolved with acetaminophen and/or dexamethasone. Two (1.8% of injections) required hospitalization for these symptoms. One patient (0.9% of injections) had his reservoir removed and later replaced for presumed infection. In this Phase 1 safety trial, ADSVF was safely injected into the human brain ventricular system in patients with no other treatment options. Secondary endpoints of clinical improvement or stability were particularly promising in the AD and MS-P groups. These results will be submitted for a Phase 2 FDA-approved trial.
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46
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Feng N, Jia Y, Huang X. Exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells alleviate neural injury caused by microglia activation via suppressing NF-kB and MAPK pathway. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 334:576996. [PMID: 31260950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.576996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Activation of microglia cells play critical role in neuroinflammation after brain injury. Exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) possess immunoregulation effect similar with ADSC. We hypothesized that ADSC derived exosomes (ADSC-exosomes) could inhibit the activation of microglia cells and prevent neuroinflammation. We found that ADSC-exosomes could inhibit the activation of microglia cells by suppressing NF-kB and MAPK pathway. Production of inflammatory factors in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglia cells decreased significantly when pretreated with ADSC-exosomes. Furthermore, ADSC-exosomes could decrease the cytotoxicity of activated microglia. These results revealed that ADSC-exosomes might be a promising strategy for the therapy of neural injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianhua Feng
- Medical research center, Beijing chaoyang hospital, Capital medical university, Beijing, China.
| | - Yanjun Jia
- Medical research center, Beijing chaoyang hospital, Capital medical university, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxi Huang
- Medical research center, Beijing chaoyang hospital, Capital medical university, Beijing, China
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47
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Yu-Taeger L, Stricker-Shaver J, Arnold K, Bambynek-Dziuk P, Novati A, Singer E, Lourhmati A, Fabian C, Magg J, Riess O, Schwab M, Stolzing A, Danielyan L, Nguyen HHP. Intranasal Administration of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorates the Abnormal Dopamine Transmission System and Inflammatory Reaction in the R6/2 Mouse Model of Huntington Disease. Cells 2019; 8:E595. [PMID: 31208073 PMCID: PMC6628278 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrastriatal administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has shown beneficial effects in rodent models of Huntington disease (HD). However, the invasive nature of surgical procedure and its potential to trigger the host immune response may limit its clinical use. Hence, we sought to evaluate the non-invasive intranasal administration (INA) of MSC delivery as an effective alternative route in HD. GFP-expressing MSCs derived from bone marrow were intranasally administered to 4-week-old R6/2 HD transgenic mice. MSCs were detected in the olfactory bulb, midbrain and striatum five days post-delivery. Compared to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated littermates, MSC-treated R6/2 mice showed an increased survival rate and attenuated circadian activity disruption assessed by locomotor activity. MSCs increased the protein expression of DARPP-32 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and downregulated gene expression of inflammatory modulators in the brain 7.5 weeks after INA. While vehicle treated R6/2 mice displayed decreased Iba1 expression and altered microglial morphology in comparison to the wild type littermates, MSCs restored both, Iba1 level and the thickness of microglial processes in the striatum of R6/2 mice. Our results demonstrate significantly ameliorated phenotypes of R6/2 mice after MSCs administration via INA, suggesting this method as an effective delivering route of cells to the brain for HD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Yu-Taeger
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Janice Stricker-Shaver
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Katrin Arnold
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics (IZBI), University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Patrycja Bambynek-Dziuk
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Arianna Novati
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Singer
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Ali Lourhmati
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Claire Fabian
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics (IZBI), University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Janine Magg
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, D-70376 Stuttgart, Germany.
- Departments of Biochemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Yerevan State Medical University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Yerevan State Medical University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Alexandra Stolzing
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics (IZBI), University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany.
- Centre for Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Lusine Danielyan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Departments of Biochemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Yerevan State Medical University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Yerevan State Medical University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Hoa Huu Phuc Nguyen
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Departments of Biochemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Yerevan State Medical University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University of Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany.
- Departments of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Yerevan State Medical University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.
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48
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Chakari-Khiavi F, Dolati S, Chakari-Khiavi A, Abbaszadeh H, Aghebati-Maleki L, Pourlak T, Mehdizadeh A, Yousefi M. Prospects for the application of mesenchymal stem cells in Alzheimer's disease treatment. Life Sci 2019; 231:116564. [PMID: 31202840 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a dementia and neurodegenerative disease, is mostly prevalent among people more than 65 years. AD is mostly manifested in the form of degraded mental function, such as losing memory and impaired cognitive function. Due to inefficiency of traditional pharmacological therapeutic approaches with no long-term cure, cell therapy can be considered as a capable approach in AD management. Therapies based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have provided hopeful results in experimental models regarding several disorders. MSCs enhance the levels of functional recoveries in pathologic experimental models of central nervous system (CNS) and are being investigated in clinical trials in neurological disorders. However, there is limited knowledge on the protective capabilities of MSCs in AD management. Almost, several experiments have suggested positive effects of MSCs and helped to better understand of AD-related dementia mechanism. MSCs have the potential to be used in AD treatment through amyloid-β peptide (AB), Tau protein and cholinergic system. This review aimed to clarify the promising perspective of MSCs in the context of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Chakari-Khiavi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanam Dolati
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aref Chakari-Khiavi
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Abbaszadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Tannaz Pourlak
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran..
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49
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Lykhmus O, Koval L, Voytenko L, Uspenska K, Komisarenko S, Deryabina O, Shuvalova N, Kordium V, Ustymenko A, Kyryk V, Skok M. Intravenously Injected Mesenchymal Stem Cells Penetrate the Brain and Treat Inflammation-Induced Brain Damage and Memory Impairment in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:355. [PMID: 31057400 PMCID: PMC6479176 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is regarded as one of the pathogenic factors of Alzheimer disease (AD). Previously, we showed that mice regularly injected with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) possessed the AD-like symptoms like episodic memory decline, elevated amounts of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide (1-42), and decreased levels of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the brain. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which can differentiate into multiple cell types, including neurons, is an attractive idea of regenerative medicine, in particular, for neurodegenerative disorders like AD. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether pathogenic effect of LPS on the brain and behavior of mice can be prevented or treated by injection of MSCs or MSC-produced soluble factors. Fluorescently-labeled MSCs, injected intravenously, were found in the brain blood vessels of LPS-treated mice. Mice co-injected with LPS and MSCs did not demonstrate episodic memory impairment, Aβ (1-42) accumulation, and nAChR decrease in the brain and brain mitochondria. Their mitochondria released less cytochrome c under the effect of Ca2+ compared to mitochondria of LPS-only-treated mice. Moreover, MSCs could reverse the pathogenic symptoms developed 3 weeks after LPS injection. Cultured MSCs produced IL-6 in response to LPS and MSCs effect in vivo was accompanied by additional stimulation of both micro- and macroglia. Xenogeneic (human) MSCs were almost as efficient as allogeneic (mouse) ones and regular injections of human MSC-conditioned medium also produced positive effect. These data allow suggesting MSCs as a potential therapeutic tool to cure neuroinflammation-related cognitive pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Lykhmus
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry NAS, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Lyudmyla Koval
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry NAS, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Larysa Voytenko
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry NAS, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna Uspenska
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry NAS, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Serhiy Komisarenko
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry NAS, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Deryabina
- Department of Gene Technologies, State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine NAMS, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nadia Shuvalova
- Department of Gene Technologies, State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine NAMS, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vitalii Kordium
- Department of Gene Technologies, State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine NAMS, Kyiv, Ukraine.,Department of Cell Regulatory Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics NAS, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alina Ustymenko
- Department of Gene Technologies, State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine NAMS, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vitalii Kyryk
- Department of Gene Technologies, State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine NAMS, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maryna Skok
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry NAS, Kyiv, Ukraine
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50
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Dionisio-Santos DA, Olschowka JA, O'Banion MK. Exploiting microglial and peripheral immune cell crosstalk to treat Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:74. [PMID: 30953557 PMCID: PMC6449993 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is considered one of the cardinal features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Neuritic plaques composed of amyloid β and neurofibrillary tangle-laden neurons are surrounded by reactive astrocytes and microglia. Exposure of microglia, the resident myeloid cell of the CNS, to amyloid β causes these cells to acquire an inflammatory phenotype. While these reactive microglia are important to contain and phagocytose amyloid plaques, their activated phenotype impacts CNS homeostasis. In rodent models, increased neuroinflammation promoted by overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines can cause an increase in hyperphosphorylated tau and a decrease in hippocampal function. The peripheral immune system can also play a detrimental or beneficial role in CNS inflammation. Systemic inflammation can increase the risk of developing AD dementia, and chemokines released directly by microglia or indirectly by endothelial cells can attract monocytes and T lymphocytes to the CNS. These peripheral immune cells can aid in amyloid β clearance or modulate microglia responses, depending on the cell type. As such, several groups have targeted the peripheral immune system to modulate chronic neuroinflammation. In this review, we focus on the interplay of immunomodulating factors and cell types that are being investigated as possible therapeutic targets for the treatment or prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawling A Dionisio-Santos
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 603, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - John A Olschowka
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 603, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - M Kerry O'Banion
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 603, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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