1
|
Bakinowska E, Kiełbowski K, Boboryko D, Bratborska AW, Olejnik-Wojciechowska J, Rusiński M, Pawlik A. The Role of Stem Cells in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3901. [PMID: 38612710 PMCID: PMC11011548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death and include several vascular and cardiac disorders, such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathies, and heart failure. Multiple treatment strategies exist for CVDs, but there is a need for regenerative treatment of damaged heart. Stem cells are a broad variety of cells with a great differentiation potential that have regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. Multiple studies have evaluated the efficacy of stem cells in CVDs, such as mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. These studies have demonstrated that stem cells can improve the left ventricle ejection fraction, reduce fibrosis, and decrease infarct size. Other studies have investigated potential methods to improve the survival, engraftment, and functionality of stem cells in the treatment of CVDs. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current evidence on the role of stem cells in the treatment of CVDs, and how to improve their efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estera Bakinowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.B.); (K.K.); (D.B.); (J.O.-W.); (M.R.)
| | - Kajetan Kiełbowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.B.); (K.K.); (D.B.); (J.O.-W.); (M.R.)
| | - Dominika Boboryko
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.B.); (K.K.); (D.B.); (J.O.-W.); (M.R.)
| | | | - Joanna Olejnik-Wojciechowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.B.); (K.K.); (D.B.); (J.O.-W.); (M.R.)
| | - Marcin Rusiński
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.B.); (K.K.); (D.B.); (J.O.-W.); (M.R.)
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.B.); (K.K.); (D.B.); (J.O.-W.); (M.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xi Y, Li Y, Ren W, Bo W, Ma Y, Pan S, Gong DAW, Tian Z. ELABELA-APJ-Akt/YAP Signaling Axis: A Novel Mechanism of Aerobic Exercise in Cardioprotection of Myocardial Infarction Rats. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1172-1183. [PMID: 36878020 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the function and mechanisms of ELABELA (ELA) in the aerobic exercise-induced antiapoptosis and angiogenesis of ischemic heart. METHODS The myocardial infarction (MI) model of Sprague-Dawley rat was established by the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. MI rats underwent 5 wk of Fc-ELA-21 subcutaneous injection and aerobic exercise training using a motorized rodent treadmill. Heart function was evaluated by hemodynamic measures. Cardiac pathological remodeling was evaluated by Masson's staining and the calculation of left ventricular weight index. Cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and Yes-associated protein (YAP) translocation were observed by immunofluorescence staining. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL. Cell culture and treatment were used to elucidate the molecular mechanism of ELA. Protein expression was detected by Western blotting. Angiogenesis was observed by tubule formation test. One-way or two-way ANOVA and Student's t -test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Aerobic exercise stimulated the endogenous ELA expression. Exercise and Fc-ELA-21 intervention significantly activated APJ-Akt-mTOR-P70S6K signaling pathway, kept more cardiomyocytes alive, and increased angiogenesis, so as to inhibit the cardiac pathological remodeling and improved the heart function of MI rats. Fc-ELA-32 also had the cellular and functional cardioprotective activities in vivo . In vitro , ELA-14 peptide regulated the phosphorylation and nucleoplasmic translocation of YAP and activated the APJ-Akt signaling pathway so as to increase the proliferation of H9C2 cells. Moreover, the antiapoptosis and the tubule formation of HUVECs were also enhanced by ELA-14, whereas the inhibition of Akt activity weakened such effects. CONCLUSIONS ELA is a potential therapeutic member that plays a key role through APJ-Akt/YAP signaling axis in aerobic exercise-induced cardioprotection of MI rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongxia Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. CHINA
| | - Wujing Ren
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. CHINA
| | - Wenyan Bo
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. CHINA
| | - Yixuan Ma
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. CHINA
| | - Shou Pan
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. CHINA
| | - DA-Wei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Zhenjun Tian
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen J, Li Z, Zhao Q, Chen L. Roles of apelin/APJ system in cancer: Biomarker, predictor, and emerging therapeutic target. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3734-3751. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology University of South China Hengyang Hunan China
| | - Zhiyue Li
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan Province China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology University of South China Hengyang Hunan China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Matta A, Nader V, Lebrin M, Gross F, Prats AC, Cussac D, Galinier M, Roncalli J. Pre-Conditioning Methods and Novel Approaches with Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapy in Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101620. [PMID: 35626657 PMCID: PMC9140025 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the setting of cardiovascular disease, such as heart failure, cardiomyopathy and ischemic heart disease, has been associated with good clinical outcomes in several trials. A reduction in left ventricular remodeling, myocardial fibrosis and scar size, an improvement in endothelial dysfunction and prolonged cardiomyocytes survival were reported. The regenerative capacity, in addition to the pro-angiogenic, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects represent the main target properties of these cells. Herein, we review the different preconditioning methods of MSCs (hypoxia, chemical and pharmacological agents) and the novel approaches (genetically modified MSCs, MSC-derived exosomes and engineered cardiac patches) suggested to optimize the efficacy of MSC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Matta
- Department of Cardiology, Institute CARDIOMET, University Hospital of Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (V.N.); (M.L.); (F.G.); (M.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Kaslik 446, Lebanon
- Department of Cardiology, Intercommunal Hospital Centre Castres-Mazamet, 81100 Castres, France
| | - Vanessa Nader
- Department of Cardiology, Institute CARDIOMET, University Hospital of Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (V.N.); (M.L.); (F.G.); (M.G.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573/14, Lebanon
| | - Marine Lebrin
- Department of Cardiology, Institute CARDIOMET, University Hospital of Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (V.N.); (M.L.); (F.G.); (M.G.)
- CIC-Biotherapies, University Hospital of Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Fabian Gross
- Department of Cardiology, Institute CARDIOMET, University Hospital of Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (V.N.); (M.L.); (F.G.); (M.G.)
- CIC-Biotherapies, University Hospital of Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Daniel Cussac
- INSERM I2MC—UMR1297, 31432 Toulouse, France; (A.-C.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Michel Galinier
- Department of Cardiology, Institute CARDIOMET, University Hospital of Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (V.N.); (M.L.); (F.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Jerome Roncalli
- Department of Cardiology, Institute CARDIOMET, University Hospital of Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (V.N.); (M.L.); (F.G.); (M.G.)
- CIC-Biotherapies, University Hospital of Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
- INSERM I2MC—UMR1297, 31432 Toulouse, France; (A.-C.P.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-56-132-3334; Fax: +33-56-132-2246
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Perego S, Sansoni V, Ziemann E, Lombardi G. Another Weapon against Cancer and Metastasis: Physical-Activity-Dependent Effects on Adiposity and Adipokines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042005. [PMID: 33670492 PMCID: PMC7922129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physically active behavior has been associated with a reduced risk of developing certain types of cancer and improved psychological conditions for patients by reducing anxiety and depression, in turn improving the quality of life of cancer patients. On the other hand, the correlations between inactivity, sedentary behavior, and overweight and obesity with the risk of development and progression of various cancers are well studied, mainly in middle-aged and elderly subjects. In this article, we have revised the evidence on the effects of physical activity on the expression and release of the adipose-tissue-derived mediators of low-grade chronic inflammation, i.e., adipokines, as well as the adipokine-mediated impacts of physical activity on tumor development, growth, and metastasis. Importantly, exercise training may be effective in mitigating the side effects related to anti-cancer treatment, thereby underlining the importance of encouraging cancer patients to engage in moderate-intensity activities. However, the strong need to customize and adapt exercises to a patient’s abilities is apparent. Besides the preventive effects of physically active behavior against the adipokine-stimulated cancer risk, it remains poorly understood how physical activity, through its actions as an adipokine, can actually influence the onset and development of metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Perego
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Milano, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); or
| | - Veronica Sansoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Milano, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); or
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0266214068
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; or
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Milano, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); or
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; or
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Masoumi J, Jafarzadeh A, Khorramdelazad H, Abbasloui M, Abdolalizadeh J, Jamali N. Role of Apelin/APJ axis in cancer development and progression. Adv Med Sci 2020; 65:202-213. [PMID: 32087570 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apelin is an endogenous peptide, which is expressed in a vast board of organs such as the brain, placenta, heart, lungs, kidneys, pancreas, testis, prostate and adipose tissues. The apelin receptor, called angiotensin-like-receptor 1 (APJ), is also expressed in the brain, spleen, placenta, heart, liver, intestine, prostate, thymus, testis, ovary, lungs, kidneys, stomach, and adipose tissue. The apelin/APJ axis is involved in a number of physiological and pathological processes. The apelin expression is increased in various kinds of cancer and the apelin/APJ axis plays a key role in the development of tumors through enhancing angiogenesis, metastasis, cell proliferation and also through the development of cancer stem cells and drug resistance. The apelin also stops the apoptosis of cancer cells. The apelin/APJ axis was considered in this review as an attractive therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
7
|
Mohammadi C, Sameri S, Najafi R. Insight into adipokines to optimize therapeutic effects of stem cell for tissue regeneration. Cytokine 2020; 128:155003. [PMID: 32000014 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is considered as a promising regenerative medicine for repairing and treating damaged tissues and/or preventing various diseases. But there are still some obstacles such as low cell migration, poor stem cell engraftment and decreased cell survival that need to be overcome before transplantation. Therefore, a large body of studies has focused on improving the efficiency of stem cell therapy. For instance, preconditioning of stem cells has emerged as an effective strategy to reinforce therapeutic efficacy. Adipokines are signaling molecules, secreted by adipose tissue, which regulate a variety of biological processes in adipose tissue and other organs including the brain, liver, and muscle. In this review article, we shed light on the biological effects of some adipokines including apelin, oncostatin M, omentin-1 and vaspin on stem cell therapy and the most recent preclinical advances in our understanding of how these functions ameliorate stem cell therapy outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiman Mohammadi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saba Sameri
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xi Y, Yu D, Yang R, Zhao Q, Wang J, Zhang H, Qian K, Shi Z, Wang W, Brown R, Li Y, Tian Z, Gong DW. Recombinant Fc-Elabela fusion protein has extended plasma half-life andmitigates post-infarct heart dysfunction in rats. Int J Cardiol 2019; 292:180-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
9
|
Apelin/APJ system: A novel promising target for anti-aging intervention. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 487:233-240. [PMID: 30296443 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Apelin, an endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor APJ, is widely expressed in various organs. Recent research has indicated that the Apelin/APJ system plays an important role in aging. Apelin and APJ receptor expression are down-regulated with increasing age. In murine models, Apelin and APJ knockouts exhibit accelerated senescence whereas Apelin-restoration results in enhanced vigor and rejuvenated behavioral and circadian phenotypes. Furthermore, aged Apelin knockout mice develop progressive impairment of cardiac contractility associated with systolic dysfunction. Apelin is crucial to maintain cardiac contractility in aging. Moreover, the Apelin/APJ system appears to be involved in regulation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress which promotes aging. Likewise, the Apelin/APJ system regulates autophagy, stem cells and the sirtuin family thus contributing to anti-aging. In this review, we describe the relationship between Apelin/APJ system and aging. We elaborate on the role of the Apelin/APJ system in aging stimulators, aging inhibitors and age-related diseases such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We conclude that Apelin/APJ system might become a novel promising therapeutic target for anti-aging.
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Apelin and apela (ELABELA/ELA/Toddler) are two peptide ligands for a class A G-protein-coupled receptor named the apelin receptor (AR/APJ/APLNR). Ligand-AR interactions have been implicated in regulation of the adipoinsular axis, cardiovascular system, and central nervous system alongside pathological processes. Each ligand may be processed into a variety of bioactive isoforms endogenously, with apelin ranging from 13 to 55 amino acids and apela from 11 to 32, typically being cleaved C-terminal to dibasic proprotein convertase cleavage sites. The C-terminal region of the respective precursor protein is retained and is responsible for receptor binding and subsequent activation. Interestingly, both apelin and apela exhibit isoform-dependent variability in potency and efficacy under various physiological and pathological conditions, but most studies focus on a single isoform. Biophysical behavior and structural properties of apelin and apela isoforms show strong correlations with functional studies, with key motifs now well determined for apelin. Unlike its ligands, the AR has been relatively difficult to characterize by biophysical techniques, with most characterization to date being focused on effects of mutagenesis. This situation may improve following a recently reported AR crystal structure, but there are still barriers to overcome in terms of comprehensive biophysical study. In this review, we summarize the three components of the apelinergic system in terms of structure-function correlation, with a particular focus on isoform-dependent properties, underlining the potential for regulation of the system through multiple endogenous ligands and isoforms, isoform-dependent pharmacological properties, and biological membrane-mediated receptor interaction. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:407-450, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsoo Shin
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Calem Kenward
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jan K Rainey
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hou J, Wang L, Long H, Wu H, Wu Q, Zhong T, Chen X, Zhou C, Guo T, Wang T. Hypoxia preconditioning promotes cardiac stem cell survival and cardiogenic differentiation in vitro involving activation of the HIF-1α/apelin/APJ axis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:215. [PMID: 28962638 PMCID: PMC5622481 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0673-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac stem cells (CSCs) transplantation has been regarded as an optimal therapeutic approach for cardiovascular disease. However, inferior survival and low differentiation efficiency of these cells in the local infarct site reduce their therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we investigated the influence of hypoxia preconditioning (HP) on CSCs survival and cardiogenic differentiation in vitro and explored the relevant mechanism. METHODS CSCs were obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats and cells of the third passage were cultured in vitro and exposed to hypoxia (1% O2). Cells survival and apoptosis were evaluated by MTS assay and flow cytometry respectively. Cardiogenic differentiation was induced by using 5-azacytidine for another 24 h after the cells experienced HP. Normoxia (20% O2) was used as a negative control during the whole process. Cardiogenic differentiation was assessed 2 weeks after the induction. Relevant molecules were examined after HP and during the differentiation process. Anti-hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) small interfering RNA (siRNA), anti-apelin siRNA, and anti-putative receptor protein related to the angiotensin receptor AT1 (APJ) siRNA were transfected in order to block their expression, and relevant downstream molecules were detected. RESULTS Compared with the normoxia group, the hypoxia group presented more rapid growth at time points of 12 and 24 h (p < 0.01). Cells exhibited the highest proliferation rate at the time point of 24 h (p < 0.01). The cell apoptosis rate significantly declined after 24 h of hypoxia exposure (p < 0.01). Expression levels of HIF-1α, apelin, and APJ were all enhanced after HP. The percentage of apelin, α-SA, and cTnT positive cells was greatly increased in the HP group after 2 weeks of induction. The protein level of α-SA and cTnT was also significantly elevated at 7 and 14 days (p < 0.01). HIF-1α, apelin, and APJ were all increased at different time points during the cardiogenic differentiation process (p < 0.01). Knockdown of HIF-1α, apelin or APJ by siRNAs resulted in a significant reduction of α-SA and cTnT. HIF-1α blockage caused a remarkable decrease of apelin and APJ (p < 0.01). Expression levels of apelin and APJ were depressed after the inhibition of apelin (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION HP could effectively promote CSCs survival and cardiogenic differentiation in vitro, and this procedure involved activation of the HIF-1α/apelin/APJ axis. This study provided a new perspective for exploring novel strategies to enhance CSCs transplantation efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.,Department of Emergency, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.,Department of Emergency, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Huibao Long
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.,Department of Emergency, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.,Department of Emergency, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Quanhua Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.,Department of Emergency, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Tingting Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.,Department of Emergency, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Xuxiang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.,Department of Emergency, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Changqing Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.,Department of Emergency, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Tianzhu Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.,Department of Emergency, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China. .,Department of Emergency, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China. .,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Castaldi A, Dodia RM, Orogo AM, Zambrano CM, Najor RH, Gustafsson ÅB, Heller Brown J, Purcell NH. Decline in cellular function of aged mouse c-kit + cardiac progenitor cells. J Physiol 2017; 595:6249-6262. [PMID: 28737214 PMCID: PMC5621489 DOI: 10.1113/jp274775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS While autologous stem cell-based therapies are currently being tested on elderly patients, there are limited data on the function of aged stem cells and in particular c-kit+ cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs). We isolated c-kit+ cells from young (3 months) and aged (24 months) C57BL/6 mice to compare their biological properties. Aged CPCs have increased senescence, decreased stemness and reduced capacity to proliferate or to differentiate following dexamethasone (Dex) treatment in vitro, as evidenced by lack of cardiac lineage gene upregulation. Aged CPCs fail to activate mitochondrial biogenesis and increase proteins involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in response to Dex. Aged CPCs fail to upregulate paracrine factors that are potentially important for proliferation, survival and angiogenesis in response to Dex. The results highlight marked differences between young and aged CPCs, which may impact future design of autologous stem cell-based therapies. ABSTRACT Therapeutic use of c-kit+ cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) is being evaluated for regenerative therapy in older patients with ischaemic heart failure. Our understanding of the biology of these CPCs has, however, largely come from studies of young cells and animal models. In the present study we examined characteristics of CPCs isolated from young (3 months) and aged (24 months) mice that could underlie the diverse outcomes reported for CPC-based therapeutics. We observed morphological differences and altered senescence indicated by increased senescence-associated markers β-galactosidase and p16 mRNA in aged CPCs. The aged CPCs also proliferated more slowly than their young counterparts and expressed lower levels of the stemness marker LIN28. We subsequently treated the cells with dexamethasone (Dex), routinely used to induce commitment in CPCs, for 7 days and analysed expression of cardiac lineage marker genes. While MEF2C, GATA4, GATA6 and PECAM mRNAs were significantly upregulated in response to Dex treatment in young CPCs, their expression was not increased in aged CPCs. Interestingly, Dex treatment of aged CPCs also failed to increase mitochondrial biogenesis and expression of the mitochondrial proteins Complex III and IV, consistent with a defect in mitochondria complex assembly in the aged CPCs. Dex-treated aged CPCs also had impaired ability to upregulate expression of paracrine factor genes and the conditioned media from these cells had reduced ability to induce angiogenesis in vitro. These findings could impact the design of future CPC-based therapeutic approaches for the treatment of older patients suffering from cardiac injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Castaldi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ramsinh Mansinh Dodia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,California State University, Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA, USA
| | - Amabel M Orogo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cristina M Zambrano
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rita H Najor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Åsa B Gustafsson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joan Heller Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicole H Purcell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ebrahimi B. In vivo reprogramming for heart regeneration: A glance at efficiency, environmental impacts, challenges and future directions. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 108:61-72. [PMID: 28502796 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Replacing dying or diseased cells of a tissue with new ones that are converted from patient's own cells is an attractive strategy in regenerative medicine. In vivo reprogramming is a novel strategy that can circumvent the hurdles of autologous/allogeneic cell injection therapies. Interestingly, studies have demonstrated that direct injection of cardiac transcription factors or specific miRNAs into the infarct border zone of murine hearts following myocardial infarction converts resident cardiac fibroblasts into functional cardiomyocytes. Moreover, in vivo cardiac reprogramming not only drives cardiac tissue regeneration, but also improves cardiac function and survival rate after myocardial infarction. Thanks to the influence of cardiac microenvironment and the same developmental origin, cardiac fibroblasts seem to be more amenable to reprogramming toward cardiomyocyte fate than other cell sources (e.g. skin fibroblasts). Thus, reprogramming of cardiac fibroblasts to functional induced cardiomyocytes in the cardiac environment holds great promises for induced regeneration and potential clinical purposes. Application of small molecules in future studies may represent a major advancement in this arena and pharmacological reprogramming would convey reprogramming technology to the translational medicine paradigm. This study reviews accomplishments in the field of in vitro and in vivo mouse cardiac reprogramming and then deals with strategies for the enhancement of the efficiency and quality of the process. Furthermore, it discusses challenges ahead and provides suggestions for future research. Human cardiac reprogramming is also addressed as a foundation for possible application of in vivo cardiac reprogramming for human heart regeneration in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Ebrahimi
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|