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Shao M, Ye S, Chen Y, Yu C, Zhu W. Exosomes from hypoxic ADSCs ameliorate neuronal damage post spinal cord injury through circ-Wdfy3 delivery and inhibition of ferroptosis. Neurochem Int 2024; 177:105759. [PMID: 38735393 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes generated from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Exos), and in particular hypoxia-pretreated ADSCs (HExos), possess therapeutic properties that promote spinal cord repair following spinal cord injury (SCI). Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanisms through which HExos exert their effects remain unclear. METHODS Here, next-generation sequencing (NGS) was utilized to examine abnormal circRNA expression comparing HExos to Exos. Bioinformatics analysis and RNA pulldown assays together with luciferase reporter assays were applied to determine interactions among miRNAs, mRNAs and circRNAs. ELISA and immunofluorescence staining were used to examine inflammatory cytokine levels, apoptosis and ROS deposition in LPS-treated HT-22 cells, respectively. The therapeutic effects of Exos and HExos on a mouse model of SCI were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Our findings confirmed that HExos have more significant therapeutic influences on decreasing ROS and inflammatory cytokine levels post-SCI than Exos. NGS revealed that circ-Wdfy3 expression levels were significantly higher in HExos than Exos. Downregulation of circ-Wdfy3 led to a decrease in HExo-induced therapeutic effects on spinal cord repair post-SCI, indicating that circ-Wdfy3 has a critical role in the regulation of HExo-mediated protection against SCI. Our bioinformatics, RNA pulldown and luciferase reporter data demonstrated that GPX4 and miR-423-3p were downstream targets of circ-Wdfy3. GPX4 downregulation or miR-423-3p overexpression reversed the protective effects of circ-Wdfy3 on LPS-treated HT-22 cells. Furthermore, overexpression of circ-Wdfy3 led to an in increase in the Exo-induced therapeutic effects on spinal cord repair post-SCI through the inhibition of ferroptosis. CONCLUSIONS circ-WDfy3-overexpressing Exos promote spinal cord repair post-SCI through mediation of ferroptosis via the miR-138-5p/GPX4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Ye
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xingguo Hospital Affiliated to Gannan Medical University, No. 699 Wenming Avenue, Xingguo County, Ganzhou, 342400, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yanzhen Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xingguo Hospital Affiliated to Gannan Medical University, No. 699 Wenming Avenue, Xingguo County, Ganzhou, 342400, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Changzhang Yu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xingguo Hospital Affiliated to Gannan Medical University, No. 699 Wenming Avenue, Xingguo County, Ganzhou, 342400, Jiangxi Province, China; Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xingguo Hospital Affiliated to Gannan Medical University, No. 699 Wenming Avenue, Xingguo County, Ganzhou, 342400, Jiangxi Province, China; Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Chen T, He X, Wang J, Du D, Xu Y. NT-3 Combined with TGF-β Signaling Pathway Enhance the Repair of Spinal Cord Injury by Inhibiting Glial Scar Formation and Promoting Axonal Regeneration. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:1484-1495. [PMID: 37318740 PMCID: PMC11101526 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00781-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the mechanism of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in promoting spinal cord injury repair through the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway. A mouse model of spinal cord injury was established. Forty C57BL/6J mice were randomized into model, NT-3, NT-3 + TGF-β1 and NT-3 + LY364947 groups. The Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scores of the NT-3 and NT-3 + LY364947 groups were significantly higher than the model group. The BBB score of the NT-3 + TGF-β1 group was significantly lower than NT-3 group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy showed reduction in myelin sheath injury, more myelinated nerve fibers in the middle section of the catheter, and relatively higher density and more neatly arranged regenerated axons in the NT-3 and NT-3 + LY364947 groups compared with the model and NT-3 + TGF-β1 groups. Immunofluorescence, TUNEL and Western blot analysis showed that compared with model group, the NEUN expression increased, and the apoptosis and Col IV, LN, CSPG, tenascin-C, Sema 3 A, EphB2 and Smad2/3 protein expression decreased significantly in the NT-3 and NT-3 + LY364947 groups; the condition was reversed in the NT-3 + TGF-β1 group compared with the NT-3 group. NT-3 combined with TGF-β signaling pathway promotes astrocyte differentiation, reduces axon regeneration inhibitory molecules, apoptosis and glial scar formation, promotes axon regeneration, and improves spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taibang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, No. 920 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, No. 212 Daguanlu, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China.
| | - Xiaoqing He
- Department of Orthopedics, No. 920 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, No. 212 Daguanlu, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, No. 920 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, No. 212 Daguanlu, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
| | - Di Du
- Department of Orthopedics, No. 920 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, No. 212 Daguanlu, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
| | - Yongqing Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, No. 920 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, No. 212 Daguanlu, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China.
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Poongodi R, Yang TH, Huang YH, Yang KD, Chen HZ, Chu TY, Wang TY, Lin HC, Cheng JK. Stem cell exosome-loaded Gelfoam improves locomotor dysfunction and neuropathic pain in a rat model of spinal cord injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:143. [PMID: 38764049 PMCID: PMC11103960 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03758-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating illness in humans that causes permanent loss of movement or sensation. To treat SCI, exosomes, with their unique benefits, can circumvent limitations through direct stem cell transplantation. Therefore, we utilized Gelfoam encapsulated with exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HucMSC-EX) in a rat SCI model. METHODS SCI model was established through hemisection surgery in T9 spinal cord of female Sprague-Dawley rats. Exosome-loaded Gelfoam was implanted into the lesion site. An in vivo uptake assay using labeled exosomes was conducted on day 3 post-implantation. Locomotor functions and gait analyses were assessed using Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale and DigiGait Imaging System from weeks 1 to 8. Nociceptive responses were evaluated through von Frey filament and noxious radiant heat tests. The therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms were analyzed using Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining at week 8 post-SCI. RESULTS For the in vivo exosome uptake assay, we observed the uptake of labeled exosomes by NeuN+, Iba1+, GFAP+, and OLIG2+ cells around the injured area. Exosome treatment consistently increased the BBB score from 1 to 8 weeks compared with the Gelfoam-saline and SCI control groups. Additionally, exosome treatment significantly improved gait abnormalities including right-to-left hind paw contact area ratio, stance/stride, stride length, stride frequency, and swing duration, validating motor function recovery. Immunostaining and Western blotting revealed high expression of NF200, MBP, GAP43, synaptophysin, and PSD95 in exosome treatment group, indicating the promotion of nerve regeneration, remyelination, and synapse formation. Interestingly, exosome treatment reduced SCI-induced upregulation of GFAP and CSPG. Furthermore, levels of Bax, p75NTR, Iba1, and iNOS were reduced around the injured area, suggesting anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Moreover, exosome treatment alleviated SCI-induced pain behaviors and reduced pain-associated proteins (BDNF, TRPV1, and Cav3.2). Exosomal miRNA analysis revealed several promising therapeutic miRNAs. The cell culture study also confirmed the neurotrophic effect of HucMSCs-EX. CONCLUSION Implantation of HucMSCs-EX-encapsulated Gelfoam improves SCI-induced motor dysfunction and neuropathic pain, possibly through its capabilities in nerve regeneration, remyelination, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis. Overall, exosomes could serve as a promising therapeutic alternative for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Poongodi
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
| | - Tao-Hsiang Yang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsien Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, 25245, Taiwan
| | - Kuender D Yang
- Institute of Long-Term Care, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, 25245, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Hong-Zhao Chen
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
| | - Tsuei-Yu Chu
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
| | - Tao-Yeuan Wang
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, 25245, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chieh Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS 2 B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30068, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kun Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan.
- Department of Anesthesiology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan.
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, 25245, Taiwan.
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Sintakova K, Romanyuk N. The role of small extracellular vesicles and microRNA as their cargo in the spinal cord injury pathophysiology and therapy. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1400413. [PMID: 38774785 PMCID: PMC11106386 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1400413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition with a complex pathology that affects a significant portion of the population and causes long-term consequences. After primary injury, an inflammatory cascade of secondary injury occurs, followed by neuronal cell death and glial scar formation. Together with the limited regenerative capacity of the central nervous system, these are the main reasons for the poor prognosis after SCI. Despite recent advances, there is still no effective treatment. Promising therapeutic approaches include stem cells transplantation, which has demonstrated neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects in SCI. This positive effect is thought to be mediated by small extracellular vesicles (sEVs); membrane-bound nanovesicles involved in intercellular communication through transport of functional proteins and RNA molecules. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about sEVs and microRNA as their cargo as one of the most promising therapeutic approaches for the treatment of SCI. We provide a comprehensive overview of their role in SCI pathophysiology, neuroprotective potential and therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Sintakova
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Neuroscience, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Nataliya Romanyuk
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Hosseini SM, Borys B, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S. Neural stem cell therapies for spinal cord injury repair: an update on recent preclinical and clinical advances. Brain 2024; 147:766-793. [PMID: 37975820 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a leading cause of lifelong disabilities. Permanent sensory, motor and autonomic impairments after SCI are substantially attributed to degeneration of spinal cord neurons and axons, and disintegration of neural network. To date, minimal regenerative treatments are available for SCI with an unmet need for new therapies to reconstruct the damaged spinal cord neuron-glia network and restore connectivity with the supraspinal pathways. Multipotent neural precursor cells (NPCs) have a unique capacity to generate neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. Due to this capacity, NPCs have been an attractive cell source for cellular therapies for SCI. Transplantation of NPCs has been extensively tested in preclinical models of SCI in the past two decades. These studies have identified opportunities and challenges associated with NPC therapies. While NPCs have the potential to promote neuroregeneration through various mechanisms, their low long-term survival and integration within the host injured spinal cord limit the functional benefits of NPC-based therapies for SCI. To address this challenge, combinatorial strategies have been developed to optimize the outcomes of NPC therapies by enriching SCI microenvironment through biomaterials, genetic and pharmacological therapies. In this review, we will provide an in-depth discussion on recent advances in preclinical NPC-based therapies for SCI. We will discuss modes of actions and mechanism by which engrafted NPCs contribute to the repair process and functional recovery. We will also provide an update on current clinical trials and new technologies that have facilitated preparation of medical-grade human NPCs suitable for transplantation in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mojtaba Hosseini
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
- Manitoba Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Ben Borys
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Soheila Karimi-Abdolrezaee
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
- Manitoba Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
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Roman A, Huntemer-Silveira A, Waldron MA, Khalid Z, Blake J, Parr AM, Low WC. Cell Transplantation for Repair of the Spinal Cord and Prospects for Generating Region-Specific Exogenic Neuronal Cells. Cell Transplant 2024; 33:9636897241241998. [PMID: 38590295 PMCID: PMC11005494 DOI: 10.1177/09636897241241998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with currently irreversible consequences in several functional components of the central nervous system. Despite the severity of injury, there remains no approved treatment to restore function. However, with a growing number of preclinical studies and clinical trials, cell transplantation has gained significant potential as a treatment for SCI. Researchers have identified several cell types as potential candidates for transplantation. To optimize successful functional outcomes after transplantation, one key factor concerns generating neuronal cells with regional and subtype specificity, thus calling on the developmental transcriptome patterning of spinal cord cells. A potential source of spinal cord cells for transplantation is the generation of exogenic neuronal progenitor cells via the emerging technologies of gene editing and blastocyst complementation. This review highlights the use of cell transplantation to treat SCI in the context of relevant developmental gene expression patterns useful for producing regionally specific exogenic spinal cells via in vitro differentiation and blastocyst complementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Roman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Anne Huntemer-Silveira
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Madison A. Waldron
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Zainab Khalid
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey Blake
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ann M. Parr
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Walter C. Low
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Hu X, Xu W, Ren Y, Wang Z, He X, Huang R, Ma B, Zhao J, Zhu R, Cheng L. Spinal cord injury: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:245. [PMID: 37357239 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a severe condition with an extremely high disability rate. The challenges of SCI repair include its complex pathological mechanisms and the difficulties of neural regeneration in the central nervous system. In the past few decades, researchers have attempted to completely elucidate the pathological mechanism of SCI and identify effective strategies to promote axon regeneration and neural circuit remodeling, but the results have not been ideal. Recently, new pathological mechanisms of SCI, especially the interactions between immune and neural cell responses, have been revealed by single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptome analysis. With the development of bioactive materials and stem cells, more attention has been focused on forming intermediate neural networks to promote neural regeneration and neural circuit reconstruction than on promoting axonal regeneration in the corticospinal tract. Furthermore, technologies to control physical parameters such as electricity, magnetism and ultrasound have been constantly innovated and applied in neural cell fate regulation. Among these advanced novel strategies and technologies, stem cell therapy, biomaterial transplantation, and electromagnetic stimulation have entered into the stage of clinical trials, and some of them have already been applied in clinical treatment. In this review, we outline the overall epidemiology and pathophysiology of SCI, expound on the latest research progress related to neural regeneration and circuit reconstruction in detail, and propose future directions for SCI repair and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilong Ren
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaojie Wang
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolie He
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Runzhi Huang
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Ma
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwei Zhao
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongrong Zhu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China.
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liming Cheng
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China.
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China.
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Hu H, Long H, Ren Z, Liu T, Xu J, Xiao F. Partially brain effects of injection of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells at injury sites in a mouse model of thoracic spinal cord contusion. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1179175. [PMID: 37342099 PMCID: PMC10278944 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1179175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The pain caused by spinal cord injury (SCI) poses a major burden on patients, and pain management is becoming a focus of treatment. Few reports have described changes in the brain after SCI. Particularly, the exact mechanism through which brain regions affect post-injury pain remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine the potential therapeutic mechanisms of pain. A mouse model of spinal cord contusion was established, and molecular expression in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and periaqueductal gray (PAG) in the brain and animal behavior was observed after local injection of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HU-MSCs) at the site of SCI. Method Sixty-three female C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: a sham operation group (n = 15); a spinal injury group (SCI, n = 16); an SCI + HU-MSCs group (n = 16) and an SCI + PBS group (n = 16), in which the SCI site was injected with HU-MSCs/phosphate buffer. The BMS score was determined, and the von Frey test and Hargreaves test were used to assess behavior every week after surgery. Mice were sacrificed in the fourth week after operation, and samples were collected. The expression of CGRP, Substance P, C-Fos and KCC2 in the ACC and PAG were observed with immunohistochemistry. Chromic cyanine staining was used to observe transverse sections of the injured spinal cord. Result In the ACC and PAG after SCI, the expression of CGRP, SP and C-Fos increased, and the expression of KCC2 decreased, whereas after HU-MSC injection, the expression of CGRP, SP and C-Fos decreased, and the expression of KCC2 increased. The SCI + HU-MSC group showed better exercise ability from 2 to 4 weeks after surgery than the SCI/SCI + PBS groups (P < 0.001). Local injection of HU-MSCs significantly improved the mechanical hyperalgesia caused by SCI in the fourth week after surgery (P < 0.0001), and sensation was significantly recovered 2 weeks after surgery (P < 0.0001); no improvement in thermal hypersensitivity was observed (P > 0.05). The HU-MSC group retained more white matter than the SCI/SCI + PBS groups (P < 0.0001). Conclusion Local transplantation of HU-MSCs at the site of SCI partially relieves the neuropathic pain and promotes recovery of motor function. These findings suggest a feasible direction for the future treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Houqing Long
- Department of Spine Surgery, Orthopaedic, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University/The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenxiao Ren
- Department of Spine Surgery, Orthopaedic, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University/The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology/Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianhua Liu
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Modern Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinghui Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology/Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Li Z, Zhao T, Ding J, Gu H, Wang Q, Wang Y, Zhang D, Gao C. A reactive oxygen species-responsive hydrogel encapsulated with bone marrow derived stem cells promotes repair and regeneration of spinal cord injury. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:550-568. [PMID: 35600969 PMCID: PMC9108756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an overwhelming and incurable disabling event accompanied by complicated inflammation-related pathological processes, such as excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the infiltrated inflammatory immune cells and released to the extracellular microenvironment, leading to the widespread apoptosis of the neuron cells, glial and oligodendroctyes. In this study, a thioketal-containing and ROS-scavenging hydrogel was prepared for encapsulation of the bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which promoted the neurogenesis and axon regeneration by scavenging the overproduced ROS and re-building a regenerative microenvironment. The hydrogel could effectively encapsulate BMSCs, and played a remarkable neuroprotective role in vivo by reducing the production of endogenous ROS, attenuating ROS-mediated oxidative damage and downregulating the inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), resulting in a reduced cell apoptosis in the spinal cord tissue. The BMSCs-encapsulated ROS-scavenging hydrogel also reduced the scar formation, and improved the neurogenesis of the spinal cord tissue, and thus distinctly enhanced the motor functional recovery of SCI rats. Our work provides a combinational strategy against ROS-mediated oxidative stress, with potential applications not only in SCI, but also in other central nervous system diseases with similar pathological conditions.
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Ridlen R, McGrath K, Gorrie CA. Animal models of compression spinal cord injury. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:2201-2212. [PMID: 36121155 PMCID: PMC9825893 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Compression spinal cord injuries are a common cause of morbidity in people who experience a spinal cord injury (SCI). Either as a by-product of a traumatic injury or due to nontraumatic conditions such as cervical myelitis, compression injuries are growing in prevalence clinically and many attempts of animal replication have been described within the literature. These models, however, often focus on the traumatic side of injury or mimic short-term injuries that are not representative of the majority of compression SCI. Of this, nontraumatic spinal cord injuries are severely understudied and have an increased prevalence in elderly populations, adults, and children. Therefore, there is a need to critically evaluate the current animal models of compression SCI and their suitability as a method for clinically relevant data that can help reduce morbidity and mortality of SCI. In this review, we reviewed the established and emerging methods of animal models of compression SCI. These models are the clip, balloon, solid spacer, expanding polymer, remote, weight drop, calibrated forceps, screw, and strap methods. These methods showed that there is a large reliance on the use of laminectomy to induce injury. Furthermore, the age range of many studies does not reflect the elderly and young populations that commonly suffer from compression injuries. It is therefore important to have techniques and methods that are able to minimize secondary effects of the surgeries, and are representative of the clinical cases seen so that treatments and interventions can be developed that are specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reggie Ridlen
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Kristine McGrath
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Catherine A. Gorrie
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
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11
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Contreras E, Bolívar S, Navarro X, Udina E. New insights into peripheral nerve regeneration: The role of secretomes. Exp Neurol 2022; 354:114069. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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12
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Gao T, Huang F, Wang W, Xie Y, Wang B. Interleukin-10 genetically modified clinical-grade mesenchymal stromal cells markedly reinforced functional recovery after spinal cord injury via directing alternative activation of macrophages. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:27. [PMID: 35300585 PMCID: PMC8931978 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background After spinal cord injury (SCI), dysregulated or nonresolving inflammatory processes can severely disturb neuronal homeostasis and drive neurodegeneration. Although mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapies have showed certain therapeutic efficacy, no MSC therapy has reached its full clinical goal. In this study, we examine interleukin-10 (IL10) genetically modified clinical-grade MSCs (IL10-MSCs) and evaluate their clinical safety, effectiveness, and therapeutic mechanism in a completely transected SCI mouse model. Methods We established stable IL10-overexpressing human umbilical-cord-derived MSCs through electric transduction and screened out clinical-grade IL10-MSCs according to the criteria of cell-based therapeutic products, which were applied to mice with completely transected SCI by repeated tail intravenous injections. Then we comprehensively investigated the motor function, histological structure, and nerve regeneration in SCI mice, and further explored the potential therapeutic mechanism after IL10-MSC treatment. Results IL10-MSC treatment markedly reinforced locomotor improvement, accompanied with decreased lesion volume, regeneration of axons, and preservation of neurons, compared with naïve unmodified MSCs. Further, IL10-MSC transplantation increased the ratio of microglia to infiltrated alternatively activated macrophages (M2), and reduced the ratio of classically activated macrophages (M1) at the injured spinal cord, meanwhile increasing the percentage of Treg and Th2 cells, and reducing the percentage of Th1 cells in the peripheral circulatory system. In addition, IL10-MSC administration could prevent apoptosis and promote neuron differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) under inflammatory conditions in vitro. Conclusions IL10-MSCs exhibited a reliable safety profile and demonstrated promising therapeutic efficacy in SCI compared with naïve MSCs, providing solid support for future clinical application of genetically engineered MSCs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s11658-022-00325-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Gao
- Center for Clinic Stem Cell Research, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feifei Huang
- Center for Clinic Stem Cell Research, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Center for Clinic Stem Cell Research, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Center for Clinic Stem Cell Research, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Center for Clinic Stem Cell Research, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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Mutepfa AR, Hardy JG, Adams CF. Electroactive Scaffolds to Improve Neural Stem Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:693438. [PMID: 35274106 PMCID: PMC8902299 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.693438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious condition caused by damage to the spinal cord through trauma or disease, often with permanent debilitating effects. Globally, the prevalence of SCI is estimated between 40 to 80 cases per million people per year. Patients with SCI can experience devastating health and socioeconomic consequences from paralysis, which is a loss of motor, sensory and autonomic nerve function below the level of the injury that often accompanies SCI. SCI carries a high mortality and increased risk of premature death due to secondary complications. The health, social and economic consequences of SCI are significant, and therefore elucidation of the complex molecular processes that occur in SCI and development of novel effective treatments is critical. Despite advances in medicine for the SCI patient such as surgery and anaesthesiology, imaging, rehabilitation and drug discovery, there have been no definitive findings toward complete functional neurologic recovery. However, the advent of neural stem cell therapy and the engineering of functionalized biomaterials to facilitate cell transplantation and promote regeneration of damaged spinal cord tissue presents a potential avenue to advance SCI research. This review will explore this emerging field and identify new lines of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthea R. Mutepfa
- Neural Tissue Engineering Keele, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
| | - John G. Hardy
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
- Materials Science Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: John G. Hardy
| | - Christopher F. Adams
- Neural Tissue Engineering Keele, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
- Christopher F. Adams
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14
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Alvites R, Branquinho M, Sousa AC, Lopes B, Sousa P, Maurício AC. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Their Paracrine Activity-Immunomodulation Mechanisms and How to Influence the Therapeutic Potential. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:381. [PMID: 35214113 PMCID: PMC8875256 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With high clinical interest to be applied in regenerative medicine, Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells have been widely studied due to their multipotency, wide distribution, and relative ease of isolation and expansion in vitro. Their remarkable biological characteristics and high immunomodulatory influence have opened doors to the application of MSCs in many clinical settings. The therapeutic influence of these cells and the interaction with the immune system seems to occur both directly and through a paracrine route, with the production and secretion of soluble factors and extracellular vesicles. The complex mechanisms through which this influence takes place is not fully understood, but several functional manipulation techniques, such as cell engineering, priming, and preconditioning, have been developed. In this review, the knowledge about the immunoregulatory and immunomodulatory capacity of MSCs and their secretion products is revisited, with a special focus on the phenomena of migration and homing, direct cell action and paracrine activity. The techniques for homing improvement, cell modulation and conditioning prior to the application of paracrine factors were also explored. Finally, multiple assays where different approaches were applied with varying success were used as examples to justify their exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Alvites
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.A.); (M.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Branquinho
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.A.); (M.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Sousa
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.A.); (M.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruna Lopes
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.A.); (M.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Sousa
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.A.); (M.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Colette Maurício
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.A.); (M.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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15
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Cell transplantation to repair the injured spinal cord. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 166:79-158. [PMID: 36424097 PMCID: PMC10008620 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Wang L, Gu S, Gan J, Tian Y, Zhang F, Zhao H, Lei D. Neural Stem Cells Overexpressing Nerve Growth Factor Improve Functional Recovery in Rats Following Spinal Cord Injury via Modulating Microenvironment and Enhancing Endogenous Neurogenesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:773375. [PMID: 34924958 PMCID: PMC8675903 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.773375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event characterized by severe motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction. Currently, there is no effective treatment. Previous studies showed neural growth factor (NGF) administration was a potential treatment for SCI. However, its targeted delivery is still challenging. In this study, neural stem cells (NSCs) were genetically modified to overexpress NGF, and we evaluated its therapeutic value following SCI. Four weeks after transplantation, we observed that NGF-NSCs significantly enhanced the motor function of hindlimbs after SCI and alleviated histopathological damage at the lesion epicenter. Notably, the survival NGF-NSCs at lesion core maintained high levels of NGF. Further immunochemical assays demonstrated the graft of NGF-NSCs modulated the microenvironment around lesion core via reduction of oligodendrocyte loss, attenuation of astrocytosis and demyelination, preservation of neurons, and increasing expression of multiple growth factors. More importantly, NGF-NSCs seemed to crosstalk with and activate resident NSCs, and high levels of NGF activated TrkA, upregulated cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and microRNA-132 around the lesion center. Taken together, the transplantation of NGF-NSCs in the subacute stage of traumatic SCI can facilitate functional recovery by modulating the microenvironment and enhancing endogenous neurogenesis in rats. And its neuroprotective effect may be mediated by activating TrkA, up-regulation of CREB, and microRNA-132.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sujie Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinlu Gan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangcheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Deqiang Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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17
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Kim GU, Sung SE, Kang KK, Choi JH, Lee S, Sung M, Yang SY, Kim SK, Kim YI, Lim JH, Seo MS, Lee GW. Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and MSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413672. [PMID: 34948463 PMCID: PMC8703906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-threatening condition that leads to permanent disability with partial or complete loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions. SCI is usually caused by initial mechanical insult, followed by a cascade of several neuroinflammation and structural changes. For ameliorating the neuroinflammatory cascades, MSC has been regarded as a therapeutic agent. The animal SCI research has demonstrated that MSC can be a valuable therapeutic agent with several growth factors and cytokines that may induce anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects. However, the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs in animal SCI models is inconsistent, and the optimal method of MSCs remains debatable. Moreover, there are several limitations to developing these therapeutic agents for humans. Therefore, identifying novel agents for regenerative medicine is necessary. Extracellular vesicles are a novel source for regenerative medicine; they possess nucleic acids, functional proteins, and bioactive lipids and perform various functions, including damaged tissue repair, immune response regulation, and reduction of inflammation. MSC-derived exosomes have advantages over MSCs, including small dimensions, low immunogenicity, and no need for additional procedures for culture expansion or delivery. Certain studies have demonstrated that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, exhibit outstanding chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, we reviewed the principles and patho-mechanisms and summarized the research outcomes of MSCs and MSC-derived EVs for SCI, reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Un Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanil General Hospital, 308 Uicheon-ro, Dobong-gu, Seoul 01450, Korea;
| | - Soo-Eun Sung
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.-E.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Kyung-Ku Kang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.-E.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Joo-Hee Choi
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.-E.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Sijoon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.-E.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Minkyoung Sung
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.-E.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Seung Yun Yang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea;
| | - Seul-Ki Kim
- Efficacy Evaluation Team, Food Science R&D Center, KolmarBNH CO., LTD, 61Heolleungro 8-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06800, Korea;
| | | | - Ju-Hyeon Lim
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Chungbuk 28160, Korea;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, 170 Hyonchung-ro, Namgu, Daegu 42415, Korea
| | - Min-Soo Seo
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.-E.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.-S.S.); (G.W.L.); Tel.: +82-53-7905727 (M.S.S.); +82-53-6203642 (G.W.L.)
| | - Gun Woo Lee
- Cellexobio, Co. Ltd., Daegu 42415, Korea;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, 170 Hyonchung-ro, Namgu, Daegu 42415, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-S.S.); (G.W.L.); Tel.: +82-53-7905727 (M.S.S.); +82-53-6203642 (G.W.L.)
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18
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Buzoianu-Anguiano V, Torres-Llacsa M, Doncel-Pérez E. Role of Aldynoglia Cells in Neuroinflammatory and Neuroimmune Responses after Spinal Cord Injury. Cells 2021; 10:2783. [PMID: 34685763 PMCID: PMC8534338 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldynoglia are growth-promoting cells with a morphology similar to radial glia and share properties and markers with astrocytes and Schwann cells. They are distributed in several locations throughout the adult central nervous system, where the cells of the aldynoglia interact and respond to the signals of the immune cells. After spinal cord injury (SCI), the functions of resident aldynoglia, identified as ependymocytes, tanycytes, and ependymal stem cells (EpSCs) of the spinal cord are crucial for the regeneration of spinal neural tissue. These glial cells facilitate axonal regrowth and remyelination of injured axons. Here, we review the influence of M1 or M2 macrophage/microglia subpopulations on the fate of EpSCs during neuroinflammation and immune responses in the acute, subacute, and chronic phases after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mabel Torres-Llacsa
- Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
| | - Ernesto Doncel-Pérez
- Grupo de Química Neuro-Regenerativa, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
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19
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Sykova E, Cizkova D, Kubinova S. Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:695900. [PMID: 34295897 PMCID: PMC8290345 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.695900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies with various stem cells, their secretomes, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) indicate their use as a promising strategy for the treatment of various diseases and tissue defects, including neurodegenerative diseases such as spinal cord injury (SCI) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Autologous and allogenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are so far the best candidates for use in regenerative medicine. Here we review the effects of the implantation of MSCs (progenitors of mesodermal origin) in animal models of SCI and ALS and in clinical studies. MSCs possess multilineage differentiation potential and are easily expandable in vitro. These cells, obtained from bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue, Wharton jelly, or even other tissues, have immunomodulatory and paracrine potential, releasing a number of cytokines and factors which inhibit the proliferation of T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells and modify dendritic cell activity. They are hypoimmunogenic, migrate toward lesion sites, induce better regeneration, preserve perineuronal nets, and stimulate neural plasticity. There is a wide use of MSC systemic application or MSCs seeded on scaffolds and tissue bridges made from various synthetic and natural biomaterials, including human decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) or nanofibers. The positive effects of MSC implantation have been recorded in animals with SCI lesions and ALS. Moreover, promising effects of autologous as well as allogenic MSCs for the treatment of SCI and ALS were demonstrated in recent clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sykova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dasa Cizkova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Centre for Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Sarka Kubinova
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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20
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A Brief Review on Erythropoietin and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies for Paediatric Neurological Disorders. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-021-00189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Chen Y, Tian Z, He L, Liu C, Wang N, Rong L, Liu B. Exosomes derived from miR-26a-modified MSCs promote axonal regeneration via the PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway following spinal cord injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:224. [PMID: 33820561 PMCID: PMC8022427 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes derived from the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) have shown great potential in spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment. This research was designed to investigate the therapeutic effects of miR-26a-modified MSC-derived exosomes (Exos-26a) following SCI. Methods Bioinformatics and data mining were performed to explore the role of miR-26a in SCI. Exosomes were isolated from miR-26a-modified MSC culture medium by ultracentrifugation. A series of experiments, including assessment of Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scale, histological evaluation, motor-evoked potential recording, diffusion tensor imaging, and western blotting, were performed to determine the therapeutic influence and the underlying molecular mechanisms of Exos-26a in SCI rats. Results Exos-26a was shown to promote axonal regeneration. Furthermore, we found that exosomes derived from miR-26a-modified MSC could improve neurogenesis and attenuate glial scarring through PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling cascades. Conclusions Exosomes derived from miR-26a-modified MSC could activate the PTEN-AKT-mTOR pathway to promote axonal regeneration and neurogenesis and attenuate glia scarring in SCI and thus present great potential for SCI treatment. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02282-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyong Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenming Tian
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Nangxiang Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Limin Rong
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
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22
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Xu N, Xu T, Mirasol R, Holmberg L, Vincent PH, Li X, Falk A, Benedikz E, Rotstein E, Seiger Å, Åkesson E, Falci S, Sundström E. Transplantation of Human Neural Precursor Cells Reverses Syrinx Growth in a Rat Model of Post-Traumatic Syringomyelia. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1257-1272. [PMID: 33469829 PMCID: PMC8423938 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00987-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic syringomyelia (PTS) is a serious condition of progressive expansion of spinal cord cysts, affecting patients with spinal cord injury years after injury. To evaluate neural cell therapy to prevent cyst expansion and potentially replace lost neurons, we developed a rat model of PTS. We combined contusive trauma with subarachnoid injections of blood, causing tethering of the spinal cord to the surrounding vertebrae, resulting in chronically expanding cysts. The cysts were usually located rostral to the injury, extracanalicular, lined by astrocytes. T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed hyperintense fluid-filled cysts but also hypointense signals from debris and iron-laden macrophages/microglia. Two types of human neural stem/progenitor cells-fetal neural precursor cells (hNPCs) and neuroepithelial-like stem cells (hNESCs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells-were transplanted to PTS cysts. Cells transplanted into cysts 10 weeks after injury survived at least 10 weeks, migrated into the surrounding parenchyma, but did not differentiate during this period. The cysts were partially obliterated by the cells, and cyst walls often merged with thin layers of cells in between. Cyst volume measurements with MRI showed that the volumes continued to expand in sham-transplanted rats by 102%, while the cyst expansion was effectively prevented by hNPCs and hNESCs transplantation, reducing the cyst volumes by 18.8% and 46.8%, respectively. The volume reductions far exceeded the volume of the added human cells. Thus, in an animal model closely mimicking the clinical situation, we provide proof-of-principle that transplantation of human neural stem/progenitor cells can be used as treatment for PTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xu
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, and Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J10:30, Karolinska University Hospital, S17164, Solna, Sweden
| | - Raymond Mirasol
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Stroke Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lena Holmberg
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Henrik Vincent
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Falk
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eirikur Benedikz
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- TEK-Innovation, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Emilia Rotstein
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, S-14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åke Seiger
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Åkesson
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholms Sjukhem Foundation, Box 12230, S-10226, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Scott Falci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Craig Hospital, 3425 S. Clarkson St, Englewood, CO, 80110, USA
| | - Erik Sundström
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J9:20, Karolinska University Hospital, S17164, Solna, Sweden.
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23
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Kriska J, Janeckova L, Kirdajova D, Honsa P, Knotek T, Dzamba D, Kolenicova D, Butenko O, Vojtechova M, Capek M, Kozmik Z, Taketo MM, Korinek V, Anderova M. Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Promotes Differentiation of Ischemia-Activated Adult Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells to Neuronal Precursors. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:628983. [PMID: 33716653 PMCID: PMC7947698 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.628983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulating endogenous regenerative processes may represent a suitable treatment for central nervous system (CNS) injuries, such as stroke or trauma. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs), which naturally reside in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult brain, proliferate and differentiate to other cell types, and therefore may compensate the negative consequences of ischemic injury. The fate of NS/PCs in the developing brain is largely influenced by Wingless/Integrated (Wnt) signaling; however, its role in the differentiation of adult NS/PCs under ischemic conditions is still enigmatic. In our previous study, we identified the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway as a factor promoting neurogenesis at the expense of gliogenesis in neonatal mice. In this study, we used adult transgenic mice in order to assess the impact of the canonical Wnt pathway modulation (inhibition or hyper-activation) on NS/PCs derived from the SVZ, and combined it with the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to disclose the effect of focal cerebral ischemia (FCI). Based on the electrophysiological properties of cultured cells, we first identified three cell types that represented in vitro differentiated NS/PCs – astrocytes, neuron-like cells, and precursor cells. Following FCI, we detected fewer neuron-like cells after Wnt signaling inhibition. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical analysis revealed an overall higher expression of cell-type-specific proteins after FCI, indicating increased proliferation and differentiation rates of NS/PCs in the SVZ. Remarkably, Wnt signaling hyper-activation increased the abundance of proliferating and neuron-like cells, while Wnt pathway inhibition had the opposite effect. Finally, the expression profiling at the single cell level revealed an increased proportion of neural stem cells and neuroblasts after FCI. These observations indicate that Wnt signaling enhances NS/PCs-based regeneration in the adult mouse brain following FCI, and supports neuronal differentiation in the SVZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kriska
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lucie Janeckova
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Denisa Kirdajova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavel Honsa
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomas Knotek
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - David Dzamba
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Denisa Kolenicova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Olena Butenko
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martina Vojtechova
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Capek
- Service Laboratory of Light Microscopy, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zbynek Kozmik
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Makoto Mark Taketo
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Vladimir Korinek
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Miroslava Anderova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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24
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Promoting motor functions in a spinal cord injury model of rats using transplantation of differentiated human olfactory stem cells: A step towards future therapy. Behav Brain Res 2021; 405:113205. [PMID: 33636233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cells (hOE-MSCs) derived from the human olfactory mucosa (OM) can be easily isolated and expanded in cultures while their immense plasticity is maintained. To mitigate ethical concerns, the hOE-MSCs can be also transplanted across allogeneic barriers, making them desirable cells for clinical applications. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of administering the hOE-MSCs on a spinal cord injury (SCI) model of rats. These cells were accordingly isolated and cultured, and then treated in the neurobasal medium containing serum-free Dulbecco's Modified Essential Medium (DMEM) and Ham's F-12 Medium (DMEM/F12) with 2% B27 for two days. Afterwards, the pre-induced cells were incubated in N2B27 with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), fibroblast growth factor 8b (FGF8b), sonic hedgehog (SHH), and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) for six days. The efficacy of the induced cells was additionally evaluated using immunocytochemistry (ICC) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The differentiated cells were similarly transplanted into the SC contusions. Functional recovery was further conducted on a weekly basis for eight consecutive weeks. Moreover, cell integration was assessed via conventional histology and ICC, whose results revealed the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) marker at the induction stage. According to the RT-PCR findings, the highest expression level of insulin gene-enhancer protein (islet-1), oligodendrocyte transcription factor (Olig2), and homeobox protein HB9 was observed at the induction stage. The number of engraftment cells also rose (approximately by 2.5 % ± 0.1) in the motor neuron-like cells derived from the hOE-MSCs-grafted group compared with the OE-MSCs-grafted one. The functional analysis correspondingly revealed that locomotor and sensory scores considerably improved in the rats in the treatment group. These findings suggested that motor neuron-like cells derived from the hOE-MSCs could be utilized as an alternative cell-based therapeutic strategy for SCI.
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25
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Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in direct and indirect damage to neural tissues, which results in motor and sensory dysfunction, dystonia, and pathological reflex that ultimately lead to paraplegia or tetraplegia. A loss of cells, axon regeneration failure, and time-sensitive pathophysiology make tissue repair difficult. Despite various medical developments, there are currently no effective regenerative treatments. Stem cell therapy is a promising treatment for SCI due to its multiple targets and reactivity benefits. The present review focuses on SCI stem cell therapy, including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells, neural progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and extracellular vesicles. Each cell type targets certain features of SCI pathology and shows therapeutic effects via cell replacement, nutritional support, scaffolds, and immunomodulation mechanisms. However, many preclinical studies and a growing number of clinical trials found that single-cell treatments had only limited benefits for SCI. SCI damage is multifaceted, and there is a growing consensus that a combined treatment is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center, 34753West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Chenying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, 34753West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center, 34753West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Chengqi He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center, 34753West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Quan Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center, 34753West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
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26
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Zhong Z, Yao X, Luo M, Li M, Dong L, Zhang Z, Jiang R. Protocatechuic aldehyde mitigates hydrogen peroxide-triggered PC12 cell damage by down-regulating MEG3. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 48:602-609. [PMID: 32064936 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2020.1725535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Protocatechuic aldehyde (PA) extracts from S. miltiorrhiza, which anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory functions have been certified in diverse diseases. Nonetheless, the influence of PA in spinal cord injury (SCI) is still hazy. The research probed the function of PA in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-damaged PC12 cells.Methods: The disparate dosages of H2O2 (0-400 µM) or PA (0-2 µM) were applied for stimulating PC12 cells, and subsequently cell viability, apoptosis, apoptosis- and autophagy-correlative factors were evaluated. After pc-MEG3 transfection, functions of MEG3 overexpression in H2O2 and/or PA-managed PC12 cells were reassessed. Western blot was conducted to determine Wnt/β-catenin and PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathways.Results: H2O2 stimulation clearly triggered PC12 cell damage via prohibiting cell viability and accelerating apoptosis and autophagy. But, PA management mitigated H2O2-triggered PC12 cells damage. Down-regulated MEG3 triggered by PA was presented in H2O2-managed cells. What's more, overexpressed MEG3 dramatically overturned the influences of PA in H2O2-damaged PC12 cells. Beyond that, PA activated Wnt/β-catenin and PTEN/PI3K/AKT via repression of MEG3 in H2O2-managed PC12 cells.Conclusions: The results disclosed the protective impacts of PA on PC12 cells to resist H2O2-provoked damage. MEG3, Wnt/β-catenin and PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathways joined in adjusting the activity of PA in H2O2-damaged PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhong
- Department of Pain, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Yao
- Department of Pathology, Changchun Medical College, Jilin, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Pain, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Medical Insurance Management, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Lina Dong
- Department of Pain, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
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27
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Krupa P, Stepankova K, Kwok JCF, Fawcett JW, Cimermanova V, Jendelova P, Machova Urdzikova L. New Model of Ventral Spinal Cord Lesion Induced by Balloon Compression in Rats. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110477. [PMID: 33167447 PMCID: PMC7694490 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the variety of experimental models of spinal cord injury (SCI) currently used, the model of the ventral compression cord injury, which is commonly seen in humans, is very limited. Ventral balloon compression injury reflects the common anatomical mechanism of a human lesion and has the advantage of grading the injury severity by controlling the inflated volume of the balloon. In this study, ventral compression of the SCI was performed by the anterior epidural placement of the balloon of a 2F Fogarty's catheter, via laminectomy, at the level of T10. The balloon was rapidly inflated with 10 or 15 μL of saline and rested in situ for 5 min. The severity of the lesion was assessed by behavioral and immunohistochemical tests. Compression with the volume of 15 μL resulted in severe motor and sensory deficits represented by the complete inability to move across a horizontal ladder, a final Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) score of 7.4 and a decreased withdrawal time in the plantar test (11.6 s). Histology and immunohistochemistry revealed a significant loss of white and gray matter with a loss of motoneuron, and an increased size of astrogliosis. An inflation volume of 10 μL resulted in a mild transient deficit. There are no other balloon compression models of ventral spinal cord injury. This study provided and validated a novel, easily replicable model of the ventral compression SCI, introduced by an inflated balloon of Fogarty´s catheter. For a severe incomplete deficit, an inflated volume should be maintained at 15 μL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Krupa
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (K.S.); (J.C.K.); (J.W.F.); (V.C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charles University, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Stepankova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (K.S.); (J.C.K.); (J.W.F.); (V.C.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jessica CF. Kwok
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (K.S.); (J.C.K.); (J.W.F.); (V.C.)
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - James W. Fawcett
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (K.S.); (J.C.K.); (J.W.F.); (V.C.)
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Dept. Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Veronika Cimermanova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (K.S.); (J.C.K.); (J.W.F.); (V.C.)
| | - Pavla Jendelova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (K.S.); (J.C.K.); (J.W.F.); (V.C.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (P.J.); (L.M.U.); Tel.: (+420-2)-4106-2828 (P.J.); (+420-2)-4106-2619 (L.M.U.); Fax: (+420-2)-4106-2706 (P.J. & L.M.U.)
| | - Lucia Machova Urdzikova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (K.S.); (J.C.K.); (J.W.F.); (V.C.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (P.J.); (L.M.U.); Tel.: (+420-2)-4106-2828 (P.J.); (+420-2)-4106-2619 (L.M.U.); Fax: (+420-2)-4106-2706 (P.J. & L.M.U.)
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28
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Krupa P, Siddiqui AM, Grahn PJ, Islam R, Chen BK, Madigan NN, Windebank AJ, Lavrov IA. The Translesional Spinal Network and Its Reorganization after Spinal Cord Injury. Neuroscientist 2020; 28:163-179. [PMID: 33089762 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420966276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Evidence from preclinical and clinical research suggest that neuromodulation technologies can facilitate the sublesional spinal networks, isolated from supraspinal commands after spinal cord injury (SCI), by reestablishing the levels of excitability and enabling descending motor signals via residual connections. Herein, we evaluate available evidence that sublesional and supralesional spinal circuits could form a translesional spinal network after SCI. We further discuss evidence of translesional network reorganization after SCI in the presence of sensory inputs during motor training. In this review, we evaluate potential mechanisms that underlie translesional circuitry reorganization during neuromodulation and rehabilitation in order to enable motor functions after SCI. We discuss the potential of neuromodulation technologies to engage various components that comprise the translesional network, their functional recovery after SCI, and the implications of the concept of translesional network in development of future neuromodulation, rehabilitation, and neuroprosthetics technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Krupa
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Peter J Grahn
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Riazul Islam
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bingkun K Chen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Igor A Lavrov
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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29
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Liau LL, Looi QH, Chia WC, Subramaniam T, Ng MH, Law JX. Treatment of spinal cord injury with mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:112. [PMID: 32983406 PMCID: PMC7510077 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00475-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is the damage to the spinal cord that can lead to temporary or permanent loss of function due to injury to the nerve. The SCI patients are often associated with poor quality of life. Results This review discusses the current status of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for SCI, criteria to considering for the application of MSC therapy and novel biological therapies that can be applied together with MSCs to enhance its efficacy. Bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs), umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) and adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ADSCs) have been trialed for the treatment of SCI. Application of MSCs may minimize secondary injury to the spinal cord and protect the neural elements that survived the initial mechanical insult by suppressing the inflammation. Additionally, MSCs have been shown to differentiate into neuron-like cells and stimulate neural stem cell proliferation to rebuild the damaged nerve tissue. Conclusion These characteristics are crucial for the restoration of spinal cord function upon SCI as damaged cord has limited regenerative capacity and it is also something that cannot be achieved by pharmacological and physiotherapy interventions. New biological therapies including stem cell secretome therapy, immunotherapy and scaffolds can be combined with MSC therapy to enhance its therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ling Liau
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Qi Hao Looi
- Ming Medical Services Sdn. Bhd., Pusat Perdagangan Dana 1, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Wui Chuen Chia
- Ming Medical Services Sdn. Bhd., Pusat Perdagangan Dana 1, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Thayaalini Subramaniam
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, JalanYaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, JalanYaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, JalanYaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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30
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Yamazaki K, Kawabori M, Seki T, Houkin K. Clinical Trials of Stem Cell Treatment for Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113994. [PMID: 32498423 PMCID: PMC7313002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are more than one million patients worldwide suffering paralysis caused by spinal cord injury (SCI). SCI causes severe socioeconomic problems not only to the patients and their caregivers but also to society; therefore, the development of innovative treatments is crucial. Many pharmacological therapies have been attempted in an effort to reduce SCI-related damage; however, no single therapy that could dramatically improve the serious long-term sequelae of SCI has emerged. Stem cell transplantation therapy, which can ameliorate damage or regenerate neurological networks, has been proposed as a promising candidate for SCI treatment, and many basic and clinical experiments using stem cells for SCI treatment have been launched, with promising results. However, the cell transplantation methods, including cell type, dose, transplantation route, and transplantation timing, vary widely between trials, and there is no consensus regarding the most effective treatment strategy. This study reviews the current knowledge on this issue, with a special focus on the clinical trials that have used stem cells for treating SCI, and highlights the problems that remain to be solved before the widespread clinical use of stem cells can be adopted.
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31
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Repairing and Analgesic Effects of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in Mice with Spinal Cord Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7650354. [PMID: 32337276 PMCID: PMC7165320 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7650354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) into spinal cord injury (SCI) may alleviate neuropathic pain and promote functional recovery. The underlying mechanism likely involves activation of glial cells and regulation of inflammatory factors but requires further validation. SCI was induced in 16 ICR mice using an SCI compression model, followed by injection of lentiviral vector-mediated green fluorescent protein- (GFP-) labeled hUC-MSCs 1 week later. Behavioral tests, histological evaluation, and inflammatory factor detection were performed in the treatment (SCI+hUC-MSCs) and model (SCI) groups. Histological evaluation revealed GFP expression in the spinal cord tissue of the treatment group, implying that the injected MSCs successfully migrated to the SCI. The Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scores showed that motor function gradually recovered over time in both groups, but recovery speed was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the model group. The pain threshold in mice decreased after SCI but gradually increased over time owing to the self-repair function of the body. The corresponding pain threshold of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the model group, indicating the therapeutic and analgesic effects of hUC-MSCs. Expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in the spinal cord tissue of the treated group decreased, whereas glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) expression along with ED1 expression increased compared with those in the model group, suggesting that SCI activated ED1 inflammatory macrophages/microglia, which were subsequently reduced by hUC-MSC transplantation. hUC-MSCs are speculated to enhance the repair of the injured spinal cord tissue and exert an analgesic effect by reducing the secretion of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α and upregulating the expression of GDNF.
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Petrenko Y, Vackova I, Kekulova K, Chudickova M, Koci Z, Turnovcova K, Kupcova Skalnikova H, Vodicka P, Kubinova S. A Comparative Analysis of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells derived from Different Sources, with a Focus on Neuroregenerative Potential. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4290. [PMID: 32152403 PMCID: PMC7062771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61167-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be considered an accessible therapeutic tool for regenerative medicine. Here, we compared the growth kinetics, immunophenotypic and immunomodulatory properties, gene expression and secretome profile of MSCs derived from human adult bone marrow (BM-MSCs), adipose tissue (AT-MSCs) and Wharton’s jelly (WJ-MSCs) cultured in clinically-relevant conditions, with the focus on the neuroregenerative potential. All the cell types were positive for CD10/CD29/CD44/CD73/CD90/CD105/HLA-ABC and negative for CD14/CD45/CD235a/CD271/HLA-DR/VEGFR2 markers, but they differed in the expression of CD34/CD133/CD146/SSEA-4/MSCA-1/CD271/HLA-DR markers. BM-MSCs displayed the highest immunomodulatory activity compared to AT- and WJ-MSCs. On the other hand, BM-MSCs secreted the lower content and had the lower gene expression of neurotrophic growth factors compared to other cell lines, which may be caused by the higher sensitivity of BM-MSCs to nutrient limitations. Despite the differences in growth factor secretion, the MSC secretome derived from all cell sources had a pronounced neurotrophic potential to stimulate the neurite outgrowth of DRG-neurons and reduce the cell death of neural stem/progenitor cells after H2O2 treatment. Overall, our study provides important information for the transfer of basic MSC research towards clinical-grade manufacturing and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Petrenko
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Irena Vackova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Kekulova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic.,2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 15006, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milada Chudickova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Koci
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Turnovcova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Kupcova Skalnikova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 277 21, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Vodicka
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 277 21, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Kubinova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Willis CM, Nicaise AM, Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Pluchino S. The neural stem cell secretome and its role in brain repair. Brain Res 2020; 1729:146615. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ma D, Zhao Y, Huang L, Xiao Z, Chen B, Shi Y, Shen H, Dai J. A novel hydrogel-based treatment for complete transection spinal cord injury repair is driven by microglia/macrophages repopulation. Biomaterials 2020; 237:119830. [PMID: 32036301 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microglia/macrophage mediated-inflammation, a main contributor to the microenvironment after spinal cord injury (SCI), persists for a long period of time and affects SCI repair. However, the effects of microglia/macrophage mediated-inflammation on neurogenic differentiation of endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) are not well understood. In this study, to attenuate activated microglia/macrophage mediated-inflammation in the spinal cord of complete transection SCI mice, a combination of photo-crosslinked hydrogel transplantation and CSF1R inhibitor (PLX3397) treatment was used to replace the prolonged, activated microglia/macrophages via cell depletion and repopulation. This combined treatment in SCI mice produced a significant reduction in CD68-positive reactive microglia/macrophages and mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory factors, and a substantial increase in the number of Tuj1-positive neurons in the lesion area compared with single treatment methods. Moreover, most of the newborn Tuj1-positive neurons were confirmed to be generated from endogenous NSPCs using a genetic fate mapping mouse line (Nestin-CreERT2; LSL-tdTomato) that can label and trace NSPC marker-nestin expressing cells and their progenies. Collectively, our findings show that the combined treatment method for inhibiting microglia/macrophage mediated-inflammation promotes endogenous NSPC neurogenesis and improves functional recovery, which provides a promising therapeutic strategy for complete transection SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Yannan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Lei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Ya Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - He Shen
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
| | - Jianwu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China.
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Liu AM, Chen BL, Yu LT, Liu T, Shi LL, Yu PP, Qu YB, So KF, Zhou LB. Human adipose tissue- and umbilical cord-derived stem cells: which is a better alternative to treat spinal cord injury? Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:2306-2317. [PMID: 32594054 PMCID: PMC7749492 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.284997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple types of stem cells have been proposed for the treatment of spinal cord injury, but their comparative information remains elusive. In this study, a rat model of T10 contusion spinal cord injury was established by the impactor method. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) or human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) (2.5 μL/injection site, 1 × 105 cells/μL) was injected on rostral and caudal of the injury segment on the ninth day after injury. Rats injected with mesenchymal stem cell culture medium were used as controls. Our results show that although transplanted UCMSCs and ADMSCs failed to differentiate into neurons or glial cells in vivo, both significantly improved motor and sensory function. After spinal cord injury, UCMSCs and ADMSCs similarly promoted spinal neuron survival and axonal regeneration, decreased glial scar and lesion cavity formation, and reduced numbers of active macrophages. Bio-Plex analysis of spinal samples showed a specific increase of interleukin-10 and decrease of tumor necrosis factor α in the ADMSC group, as well as a downregulation of macrophage inflammatory protein 3α in both UCMSC and ADMSC groups at 3 days after cell transplantation. Upregulation of interleukin-10 and interleukin-13 was observed in both UCMSC and ADMSC groups at 7 days after cell transplantation. Isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantitation proteomics analyses showed that UCMSCs and ADMSCs induced changes of multiple genes related to axonal regeneration, neurotrophy, and cell apoptosis in common and specific manners. In conclusion, UCMSC and ADMSC transplants yielded quite similar contributions to motor and sensory recovery after spinal cord injury via anti-inflammation and improved axonal growth. However, there were some differences in cytokine and gene expression induced by these two types of transplanted cells. Animal experiments were approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee at Jinan University (approval No. 20180228026) on February 28, 2018, and the application of human stem cells was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Medical College of Jinan University of China (approval No. 2016041303) on April 13, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Mei Liu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bo-Li Chen
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ling-Tai Yu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ling-Ling Shi
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Pan-Pan Yu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi-Bo Qu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li-Bing Zhou
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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36
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Shiga Y, Shiga A, Mesci P, Kwon H, Brifault C, Kim JH, Jeziorski JJ, Nasamran C, Ohtori S, Muotri AR, Gonias SL, Campana WM. Tissue-type plasminogen activator-primed human iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells promote motor recovery after severe spinal cord injury. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19291. [PMID: 31848365 PMCID: PMC6917728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury (SCI) is to restore motor function without exacerbating pain. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) may be administered by autologous transplantation, avoiding immunologic challenges. Identifying strategies to optimize iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (hiNPC) for cell transplantation is an important objective. Herein, we report a method that takes advantage of the growth factor-like and anti-inflammatory activities of the fibrinolysis protease, tissue plasminogen activator tPA, without effects on hemostasis. We demonstrate that conditioning hiNPC with enzymatically-inactive tissue-type plasminogen activator (EI-tPA), prior to grafting into a T3 lesion site in a clinically relevant severe SCI model, significantly improves motor outcomes. EI-tPA-primed hiNPC grafted into lesion sites survived, differentiated, acquired markers of motor neuron maturation, and extended βIII-tubulin-positive axons several spinal segments below the lesion. Importantly, only SCI rats that received EI-tPA primed hiNPC demonstrated significantly improved motor function, without exacerbating pain. When hiNPC were treated with EI-tPA in culture, NMDA-R-dependent cell signaling was initiated, expression of genes associated with stemness (Nestin, Sox2) was regulated, and thrombin-induced cell death was prevented. EI-tPA emerges as a novel agent capable of improving the efficacy of stem cell therapy in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Shiga
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Akina Shiga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Pinar Mesci
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and the Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92037-0695, USA
| | - HyoJun Kwon
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Coralie Brifault
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - John H Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jacob J Jeziorski
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and the Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92037-0695, USA
| | - Chanond Nasamran
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics (CCBB), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Seiji Ohtori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and the Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92037-0695, USA
| | - Steven L Gonias
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Wendy M Campana
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Veterans Administration San Diego HealthCare System, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.
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37
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Krupa P, Svobodova B, Dubisova J, Kubinova S, Jendelova P, Machova Urdzikova L. Nano-formulated curcumin (Lipodisq™) modulates the local inflammatory response, reduces glial scar and preserves the white matter after spinal cord injury in rats. Neuropharmacology 2019; 155:54-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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38
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Trawczynski M, Liu G, David BT, Fessler RG. Restoring Motor Neurons in Spinal Cord Injury With Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:369. [PMID: 31474833 PMCID: PMC6707336 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological disorder that damages motor, sensory, and autonomic pathways. Recent advances in stem cell therapy have allowed for the in vitro generation of motor neurons (MNs) showing electrophysiological and synaptic activity, expression of canonical MN biomarkers, and the ability to graft into spinal lesions. Clinical translation, especially the transplantation of MN precursors in spinal lesions, has thus far been elusive because of stem cell heterogeneity and protocol variability, as well as a hostile microenvironment such as inflammation and scarring, which yield inconsistent pre-clinical results without a consensus best-practice therapeutic strategy. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in particular have lower ethical and immunogenic concerns than other stem cells, which could make them more clinically applicable. In this review, we focus on the differentiation of iPSCs into neural precursors, MN progenitors, mature MNs, and MN subtype fates. Previous reviews have summarized MN development and differentiation, but an up-to-date summary of technological and experimental advances holding promise for bench-to-bedside translation, especially those targeting individual MN subtypes in SCI, is currently lacking. We discuss biological mechanisms of MN lineage, recent experimental protocols and techniques for MN differentiation from iPSCs, and transplantation of neural precursors and MN lineage cells in spinal cord lesions to restore motor function. We emphasize efficient, clinically safe, and personalized strategies for the application of MN and their subtypes as therapy in spinal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Trawczynski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gele Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Brian T David
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Richard G Fessler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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Recent Progress in the Regeneration of Spinal Cord Injuries by Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153838. [PMID: 31390782 PMCID: PMC6695701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of injuries occurring in the central nervous system, particularly spinal cord injuries (SCIs), is extremely difficult. The complex pathological events following a SCI often restrict regeneration of nervous tissue at the injury site and frequently lead to irreversible loss of motor and sensory function. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs) possess neuroregenerative and neuroprotective features, and transplantation of such cells into the site of damaged tissue is a promising stem cell-based therapy for SCI. However, NSC/NPCs have mostly been induced from embryonic stem cells or fetal tissue, leading to ethical concerns. The pioneering work of Yamanaka and colleagues gave rise to the technology to induce pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells, overcoming these ethical issues. The advent of iPSCs technology has meant significant progress in the therapy of neurodegenerative disease and nerve tissue damage. A number of published studies have described the successful differentiation of NSCs/NPCs from iPSCs and their subsequent engraftment into SCI animal models, followed by functional recovery of injury. The aim of this present review is to summarize various iPSC- NPCs differentiation methods, SCI modelling, and the current status of possible iPSC- NPCs- based therapy of SCI.
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40
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Shao A, Tu S, Lu J, Zhang J. Crosstalk between stem cell and spinal cord injury: pathophysiology and treatment strategies. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:238. [PMID: 31387621 PMCID: PMC6683526 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The injured spinal cord is difficult to repair and regenerate. Traditional treatments are not effective. Stem cells are a type of cells that have the potential to differentiate into various cells, including neurons. They exert a therapeutic effect by safely and effectively differentiating into neurons or replacing damaged cells, secreting neurotrophic factors, and inhibiting the inflammatory response. Many types of stem cells have been used for transplantation, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages. This review discusses the possible mechanisms of stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury, and the types of stem cells commonly used in experiments, to provide a reference for basic and clinical research on stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Sheng Tu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jianan Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
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Kakuta Y, Adachi A, Yokohama M, Horii T, Mieda T, Iizuka Y, Takagishi K, Chikuda H, Iizuka H, Nakamura K. Spontaneous functional full recovery from motor and sensory deficits in adult mice after mild spinal cord injury. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01847. [PMID: 31194126 PMCID: PMC6546963 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent of spontaneous recovery in patients with a spinal cord injury (SCI) has not been thoroughly investigated. It is essentially not known whether SCI animals exhibit full recovery from both motor and sensory deficits as well. Here, we developed an appropriate condition to produce a mild SCI in mice. Mice given a mild contusion SCI showed transient low performances in the Basso Mouse Scale for locomotion (BMS), rotarod and beam walking tests after the SCI, which was followed by complete restoration in a short time. The SCI mice also showed functional full recovery from low sensitivity to light touch using dynamic touch test. Nevertheless, the fully-recovered SCI mice still exhibited significant loss of myelin in the spinal cord. These results suggest a high potential of adaptation of motor and sensory systems in mice and might provide insight into the prognoses of SCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kakuta
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Anna Adachi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Marino Yokohama
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Toshiki Horii
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tokue Mieda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoichi Iizuka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kenji Takagishi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Saint-Pierre Hospital, 786-7, Kamisano-machi, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0857, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Chikuda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Haku Iizuka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
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Spinal cord injury: pathophysiology, treatment strategies, associated challenges, and future implications. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 377:125-151. [PMID: 31065801 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Axonal regeneration and formation of tripartite (axo-glial) junctions at damaged sites is a prerequisite for early repair of injured spinal cord. Transplantation of stem cells at such sites of damage which can generate both neuronal and glial population has gained impact in terms of recuperation upon infliction with spinal cord injury. In spite of the fact that a copious number of pre-clinical studies using different stem/progenitor cells have shown promising results at acute and subacute stages, at the chronic stages of injury their recovery rates have shown a drastic decline. Therefore, developing novel therapeutic strategies are the need of the hour in order to assuage secondary morbidity and effectuate improvement of the spinal cord injury (SCI)-afflicted patients' quality of life. The present review aims at providing an overview of the current treatment strategies and also gives an insight into the potential cell-based therapies for the treatment of SCI.
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43
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Biomaterials and Magnetic Stem Cell Delivery in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury. Neurochem Res 2019; 45:171-179. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02808-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ebrahimi A, Keske E, Mehdipour A, Ebrahimi-Kalan A, Ghorbani M. Somatic cell reprogramming as a tool for neurodegenerative diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108663. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Ramotowski C, Qu X, Villa-Diaz LG. Progress in the Use of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Cells for Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries in Animal Populations: Meta-Analysis and Review. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:681-693. [PMID: 30903654 PMCID: PMC6591555 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are cells genetically reprogrammed from somatic cells, which can be differentiated into neurological lineages with the aim to replace or assist damaged neurons in the treatment of spinal cord injuries (SCIs) caused by physical trauma. Here, we review studies addressing the functional use of iPSC‐derived neural cells in SCIs and perform a meta‐analysis to determine if significant motor improvement is restored after treatment with iPSC‐derived neural cells compared with treatments using embryonic stem cell (ESC)‐derived counterpart cells and control treatments. Overall, based on locomotion scales in rodents and monkeys, our meta‐analysis indicates a therapeutic benefit for SCI treatment using neural cells derived from either iPSCs or ESCs, being this of importance due to existing ethical and immunological complications using ESCs. Results from these studies are evidence of the successes and limitations of iPSC‐derived neural cells in the recovery of motor capacity. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:681&693
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xianggui Qu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Oakland University College of Arts and Sciences, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Luis G Villa-Diaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University College of Arts and Sciences, Rochester, Michigan, USA
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Li H, Wang C, He T, Zhao T, Chen YY, Shen YL, Zhang X, Wang LL. Mitochondrial Transfer from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Motor Neurons in Spinal Cord Injury Rats via Gap Junction. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:2017-2035. [PMID: 31037154 PMCID: PMC6485285 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) protect the injured neurons of spinal cord injury (SCI) from apoptosis while the underlying mechanism of the protective effect of BMSCs remains unclear. In this study, we found the transfer of mitochondria from BMSCs to injured motor neurons and detected the functional improvement after transplanting. Methods: Primary rat BMSCs were co-cultured with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) injured VSC4.1 motor neurons or primary cortical neurons. FACS analysis was used to detect the transfer of mitochondria from BMSCs to neurons. The bioenergetics profiling of neurons was detected by Extracellular Flux Analysis. Cell viability and apoptosis were also measured. BMSCs and isolated mitochondria were transplanted into SCI rats. TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling staining was used to detect apoptotic neurons in the ventral horn. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to measure protein expression. Re-myelination was examined by transmission electron microscope. BBB scores were used to assess locomotor function. Results: MitoTracker-Red labelled mitochondria of BMSCs could be transferred to the OGD injured neurons. The gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) potentiator retinoid acid increased the quantity of mitochondria transfer from BMSCs to neurons, while GJIC inhibitor 18β glycyrrhetinic acid decreased mitochondria transfer. Internalization of mitochondria improved the bioenergetics profile, decreased apoptosis and promoted cell survival in post-OGD motor neurons. Furthermore, both transplantation of mitochondria and BMSCs to the injured spinal cord improved locomotor functional recovery in SCI rats. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that BMSCs protect against SCI through GJIC to transfer mitochondrial to the injured neurons. Our findings suggested a new therapy strategy of mitochondria transfer for the patients with SCI.
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Crane AT, Voth JP, Shen FX, Low WC. Concise Review: Human-Animal Neurological Chimeras: Humanized Animals or Human Cells in an Animal? Stem Cells 2019; 37:444-452. [PMID: 30629789 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Blastocyst complementation is an emerging methodology in which human stem cells are transferred into genetically engineered preimplantation animal embryos eventually giving rise to fully developed human tissues and organs within the animal host for use in regenerative medicine. The ethical issues surrounding this method have caused the National Institutes of Health to issue a moratorium on funding for blastocyst complementation citing the potential for human cells to substantially contribute to the brain of the chimeric animal. To address this concern, we performed an in-depth review of the neural transplantation literature to determine how the integration of human cells into the nonhuman neural circuitry has altered the behavior of the host. Despite reports of widespread integration of human cell transplants, our review of 150 transplantation studies found no evidence suggestive of humanization of the animal host, and we thus conclude that, at present, concerns over humanization should not prevent research on blastocyst complementation to continue. We suggest proceeding in a controlled and transparent manner, however, and include recommendations for future research with careful consideration for how human cells may contribute to the animal host nervous system. Stem Cells 2019;37:444-452.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Crane
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Minnesota Craniofacial Research Training Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joseph P Voth
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Francis X Shen
- University of Minnesota Law School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Walter C Low
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Wang J, Zou W, Ma J, Liu J. Biomaterials and Gene Manipulation in Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Spinal Cord Injury. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:239-257. [PMID: 30489226 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI), a prominent health issue, represents a substantial portion of the global health care burden. Stem cell-based therapies provide novel solutions for SCI treatment, yet obstacles remain in the form of low survival rate, uncontrolled differentiation, and functional recovery. The application of engineered biomaterials in stem cell therapy provides a physicochemical microenvironment that mimics the stem cell niche, facilitating self-renewal, stem cell differentiation, and tissue reorganization. Nonetheless, external microenvironment support is inadequate, and some obstacles persist, for example, limited sources, gradual aging, and immunogenicity of stem cells. Targeted stem cell gene manipulation could eliminate many of these drawbacks, allowing safer, more effective use under regulation of intrinsic mechanisms. Additionally, through genetic labeling of stem cells, their role in tissue engineering may be elucidated. Therefore, combining stem cell therapy, materials science, and genetic modification technologies may shed light on SCI treatment. Herein, recent advances and advantages of biomaterials and gene manipulation, especially with respect to stem cell-based therapies, are highlighted, and their joint performance in SCI is evaluated. Current technological limitations and perspectives on future directions are then discussed. Although this combination is still in the early stages of development, it is highly likely to substantially contribute to stem cell-based therapies in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wang
- 1 Regenerative Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,2 Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Zou
- 3 College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.,4 Liaoning Key Laboratories of Biotechnology and Molecular Drug Research & Development, Dalian, China
| | - Jingyun Ma
- 1 Regenerative Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,2 Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Liu
- 1 Regenerative Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,2 Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Ruzicka J, Romanyuk N, Jirakova K, Hejcl A, Janouskova O, Machova LU, Bochin M, Pradny M, Vargova L, Jendelova P. The Effect of iPS-Derived Neural Progenitors Seeded on Laminin-Coated pHEMA-MOETACl Hydrogel with Dual Porosity in a Rat Model of Chronic Spinal Cord Injury. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:400-412. [PMID: 30654639 PMCID: PMC6628561 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718823705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI), is a devastating condition leading to the loss of locomotor and sensory function below the injured segment. Despite some progress in acute SCI treatment using stem cells and biomaterials, chronic SCI remains to be addressed. We have assessed the use of laminin-coated hydrogel with dual porosity, seeded with induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitors (iPSC-NPs), in a rat model of chronic SCI. iPSC-NPs cultured for 3 weeks in hydrogel in vitro were positive for nestin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2). These cell-polymer constructs were implanted into a balloon compression lesion, 5 weeks after lesion induction. Animals were behaviorally tested, and spinal cord tissue was immunohistochemically analyzed 28 weeks after SCI. The implanted iPSC-NPs survived in the scaffold for the entire experimental period. Host axons, astrocytes and blood vessels grew into the implant and an increased sprouting of host TH+ fibers was observed in the lesion vicinity. The implantation of iPSC-NP-LHM cell-polymer construct into the chronic SCI led to the integration of material into the injured spinal cord, reduced cavitation and supported the iPSC-NPs survival, but did not result in a statistically significant improvement of locomotor recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Ruzicka
- 1 Department of Tissue Culture and Stem Cells, Institute of Experimental Medicine, CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nataliya Romanyuk
- 1 Department of Tissue Culture and Stem Cells, Institute of Experimental Medicine, CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Jirakova
- 1 Department of Tissue Culture and Stem Cells, Institute of Experimental Medicine, CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Hejcl
- 1 Department of Tissue Culture and Stem Cells, Institute of Experimental Medicine, CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Janouskova
- 2 Department of Polymer Networks and Gels, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Urdzikova Machova
- 1 Department of Tissue Culture and Stem Cells, Institute of Experimental Medicine, CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Bochin
- 1 Department of Tissue Culture and Stem Cells, Institute of Experimental Medicine, CAS, Prague, Czech Republic.,3 Department of Neurosciences, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pradny
- 2 Department of Polymer Networks and Gels, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lydia Vargova
- 1 Department of Tissue Culture and Stem Cells, Institute of Experimental Medicine, CAS, Prague, Czech Republic.,3 Department of Neurosciences, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Jendelova
- 1 Department of Tissue Culture and Stem Cells, Institute of Experimental Medicine, CAS, Prague, Czech Republic.,3 Department of Neurosciences, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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50
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Karova K, Wainwright JV, Machova-Urdzikova L, Pisal RV, Schmidt M, Jendelova P, Jhanwar-Uniyal M. Transplantation of neural precursors generated from spinal progenitor cells reduces inflammation in spinal cord injury via NF-κB pathway inhibition. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:12. [PMID: 30654804 PMCID: PMC6335809 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers a chain of events that is accompanied by an inflammatory reaction leading to necrotic cell death at the core of the injury site, which is restricted by astrogliosis and apoptotic cell death in the surrounding areas. Activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway has been shown to be associated with inflammatory response induced by SCI. Here, we elucidate the pattern of activation of NF-κB in the pathology of SCI in rats and investigate the effect of transplantation of spinal neural precursors (SPC-01) on its activity and related astrogliosis. METHODS Using a rat compression model of SCI, we transplanted SPC-01 cells or injected saline into the lesion 7 days after SCI induction. Paraffin-embedded sections were used to assess p65 NF-κB nuclear translocation at days 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 28 and to determine levels of glial scaring, white and gray matter preservation, and cavity size at day 28 after SCI. Additionally, levels of p65 phosphorylated at Serine536 were determined 10, 14, and 28 days after SCI as well as levels of locally secreted TNF-α. RESULTS We determined a bimodal activation pattern of canonical p65 NF-κB signaling pathway in the pathology of SCI with peaks at 3 and 28 days after injury induction. Transplantation of SCI-01 cells resulted in significant downregulation of TNF-α production at 10 and 14 days after SCI and in strong inhibition of p65 NF-κB activity at 28 days after SCI, mainly in the gray matter. Moreover, reduced formation of glial scar was found in SPC-01-transplanted rats along with enhanced gray matter preservation and reduced cavity size. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate strong immunomodulatory properties of SPC-01 cells based on inhibition of a major signaling pathway. Canonical NF-κB pathway activation underlines much of the immune response after SCI including cytokine, chemokine, and apoptosis-related factor production as well as immune cell activation and infiltration. Reduced inflammation may have led to observed tissue sparing. Additionally, such immune response modulation could have impacted astrocyte activation resulting in a reduced glial scar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Karova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Lucia Machova-Urdzikova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rishikaysh V Pisal
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Meic Schmidt
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Pavla Jendelova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic. .,2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic.
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