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Sun JWC, Sharifi MR, Rundel PW. Plasticity in Compensatory Growth to Artificial Defoliation and Light Availability in Four Neotropical Understory and Forest Edge Herb Species. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101532. [PMID: 36290435 PMCID: PMC9598688 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Defoliation from falling branches is a major factor in the survival of understory herbs in tropical rainforests. Experimental studies of defoliation under three levels of light environment compared responses to partial and total defoliation in four species of tropical rainforest understory herbs. We predicted that elevated levels of light availability would help compensate for damage to through compensatory growth in both understory and forest edge species and that forest edge species would more effectively compensate under high light conditions than shade-tolerant species from the forest understory All species showed a high tolerance to defoliation under high and intermediate light conditions. Under low-light conditions survival differed dramatically with minimal mortality in forest-edge species compared to high mortality in completely defoliated understory species. Defoliation, and light × defoliation interactions, impacted multiple growth traits in understory species. In contrast, forest-edge species showed no effect of defoliation except on total biomass, and only one light × defoliation interaction was observed. Our results indicate that differences in biomass allocation, leaf ecophysiology, and other growth parameters between forest understory and edge species may be structuring post-damage response in understory and forest edge herbs.
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Scott ER, Uriarte M, Bruna EM. Delayed effects of climate on vital rates lead to demographic divergence in Amazonian forest fragments. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:463-479. [PMID: 34697872 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Deforestation often results in landscapes where remaining forest habitat is highly fragmented, with remnants of different sizes embedded in an often highly contrasting matrix. Local extinction of species from individual fragments is common, but the demographic mechanisms underlying these extinctions are poorly understood. It is often hypothesized that altered environmental conditions in fragments drive declines in reproduction, recruitment, or survivorship. The Amazon basin, in addition to experiencing continuing fragmentation, is experiencing climate change-related increases in the frequency and intensity of droughts and unusually wet periods. Whether plant populations in tropical forest fragments are particularly susceptible to extremes in precipitation remains unclear. Most studies of plants in fragments are relatively short (1-6 years), focus on a single life-history stage, and often do not compare to populations in continuous forest. Even fewer studies consider delayed effects of climate on demographic vital rates despite the importance of delayed effects in studies that consider them. Using a decade of demographic and climate data from an experimentally fragmented landscape in the Central Amazon, we assess the effects of climate on populations of an understory herb (Heliconia acuminata, Heliconiaceae). We used distributed lag nonlinear models to understand the delayed effects of climate (measured as standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index, SPEI) on survival, growth, and flowering. We detected delayed effects of climate up to 36 months. Extremes in SPEI in the previous year reduced survival, drought in the wet season 8-11 months prior to the February census increased growth, and drought two dry seasons prior increased flowering probability. Effects of extremes in precipitation on survival and growth were more pronounced in forest fragments compared to continuous forest. The complex delayed effects of climate and habitat fragmentation in our study point to the importance of long-term demography experiments in understanding the effects of anthropogenic change on plant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Scott
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - María Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emilio M Bruna
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, INPA-PDBFF, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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Gaoue OG, Kouagou M, Natta AK, Gado C. Response of a tropical tree to non-timber forest products harvest and reduction in habitat size. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183964. [PMID: 28850624 PMCID: PMC5574575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are widely harvested by local people for their livelihood. Harvest often takes place in human disturbed ecosystems. However, our understanding of NTFPs harvesting impacts in fragmented habitats is limited. We assessed the impacts of fruit harvest, and reduction in habitat size on the population structures of Pentadesma butyracea Sabine (Clusiaceae) across two contrasting ecological regions (dry vs. moist) in Benin. In each region, we selected three populations for each of the three fruit harvesting intensities (low, medium and high). Harvesting intensities were estimated as the proportion of fruits harvested per population. Pentadesma butyracea is found in gallery forests along rivers and streams. We used the width of gallery forests as a measure of habitat size. We found negative effects of fruit harvest on seedling and adult density but no significant effect on population size class distribution in both ecological regions. The lack of significant effect of fruit harvest on population structure may be explained by the ability of P. butyracea to compensate for the negative effect of fruit harvesting by increasing clonal reproduction. Our results suggest that using tree density and population structure to assess the ecological impacts of harvesting clonal plants should be done with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orou G. Gaoue
- Department of Botany, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
- Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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Idohou R, Fandohan B, Salako VK, Kassa B, Gbèdomon RC, Yédomonhan H, Glèlè Kakaï RL, Assogbadjo AE. Biodiversity conservation in home gardens: traditional knowledge, use patterns and implications for management. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIODIVERSITY SCIENCE, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES & MANAGEMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/21513732.2014.910554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigue Idohou
- Laboratory of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP: 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Belarmain Fandohan
- Laboratory of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP: 526, Cotonou, Benin
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences et Techniques Agronomiques, Université d’Agriculture de Kétou, BP: 95, Kétou, Bénin
- International Ecosystem Management Partnership (IEMP), United Nations Environment Programme, c/o Institute of Geography and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 11A Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Valère Kolawolé Salako
- Laboratory of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP: 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Barthélémy Kassa
- Laboratory of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP: 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Rodrigue Castro Gbèdomon
- Laboratory of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP: 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Hounnakpon Yédomonhan
- Laboratory of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP: 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Romain Lucas Glèlè Kakaï
- Laboratory of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP: 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo
- Laboratory of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP: 526, Cotonou, Benin
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Stein K, Templin M, Hensen I, Fischer M, Matthies D, Schleuning M. Negative Effects of Conspecific Floral Density on Fruit Set of Two Neotropical Understory Plants. Biotropica 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Stein
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg; Institute for Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden; Am Kirchtor 1; D-06108; Halle (Saale); Germany
| | - Mathias Templin
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F) and Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung; Senckenberganlage 25; D-60325; Frankfurt (Main); Germany
| | - Isabell Hensen
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg; Institute for Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden; Am Kirchtor 1; D-06108; Halle (Saale); Germany
| | | | - Diethart Matthies
- Department of Biology; Plant Ecology; University of Marburg; Karl-von-Frisch Str. 8; D-35043; Marburg; Germany
| | - Matthias Schleuning
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F) and Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung; Senckenberganlage 25; D-60325; Frankfurt (Main); Germany
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McNutt DW, Halpern SL, Barrows K, Underwood N. Intraspecific competition facilitates the evolution of tolerance to insect damage in the perennial plant Solanum carolinense. Oecologia 2012; 170:1033-44. [PMID: 22684886 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-012-2377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David W McNutt
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4295, USA
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Royo AA, Scalley TH, Moya S, Scatena FN. Non-arborescent vegetation trajectories following repeated hurricane disturbance: ephemeral versus enduring responses. Ecosphere 2011. [DOI: 10.1890/es11-00118.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Uriarte M, Anciães M, da Silva MTB, Rubim P, Johnson E, Bruna EM. Disentangling the drivers of reduced long-distance seed dispersal by birds in an experimentally fragmented landscape. Ecology 2011; 92:924-37. [DOI: 10.1890/10-0709.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Valladares F, Gianoli E, Gómez JM. Ecological limits to plant phenotypic plasticity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2007; 176:749-763. [PMID: 17997761 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity is considered the major means by which plants cope with environmental heterogeneity. Although ubiquitous in nature, actual phenotypic plasticity is far from being maximal. This has been explained by the existence of internal limits to its expression. However, phenotypic plasticity takes place within an ecological context and plants are generally exposed to multifactor environments and to simultaneous interactions with many species. These external, ecological factors may limit phenotypic plasticity or curtail its adaptive value, but seldom have they been considered because limits to plasticity have typically addressed factors internal to the plant. We show that plastic responses to abiotic factors are reduced under situations of conservative resource use in stressful and unpredictable habitats, and that extreme levels in a given abiotic factor can negatively influence plastic responses to another factor. We illustrate how herbivory may limit plant phenotypic plasticity because damaged plants can only rarely attain the optimal phenotype in the challenging environment. Finally, it is examined how phenotypic changes involved in trait-mediated interactions can entail costs for the plant in further interactions with other species in the community. Ecological limits to plasticity must be included in any realistic approach to understand the evolution of plasticity in complex environments and to predict plant responses to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Valladares
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Ciencias Medioambientales, CSIC Serrano 115, Madrid, E-28006, Spain
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, Madrid, E-28933, Spain
| | - Ernesto Gianoli
- Departamento de Botánica, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C Concepción, Chile
- Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology & Biodiversity (CASEB), P. Universidad Católica, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - José M Gómez
- Grupo de Ecología Terrestre, Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, E-18071, Spain
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