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Adamczuk N, Ośko J, Grembecka M, Konieczyński P, Migas P, Orzeł A, Baj-Wójtowicz B, Krauze-Baranowska M. Evaluation of the Content of Micro- and Macroelements in Raspberries Depending on the Species, Cultivar Variety, and Geographical Environment. Nutrients 2023; 15:3782. [PMID: 37686814 PMCID: PMC10490165 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to analyse the macro- and micro-nutrient content in fruits of Rubus species (R. idaeus, R. occidentalis, R. chamaemorus, and R. chingii) and their varieties or hybrids from different regions. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry with deuterium background correction was used to measure concentrations of nine essential elements (K, Mg, Ca, Na, Mn, Fe, Cr, Zn, and Cu) and two heavy metals (Pb, Cd). Chemometric analysis compared the elemental profiles. Results confirmed raspberries as a rich source of macroelements (K, Mg) and microelements (Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr). The 'Bristol' cultivar consistently had the highest Fe content regardless of origin. Cr presence was observed in black raspberries for the first time. Previously observed relationships like K-Na antagonism and Cr/Zn, Fe/Zn synergism were found in raspberry fruits. Factor and cluster analyses demonstrated species and geographical diversity among Polish raspberry samples and clear separation of R. chingii from China. Raspberry fruits, due to the rich complex of polyphenols, are classified as superfoods, and the content of bioelements determined in them guarantees coverage of the daily requirement for macro- and microelements (RDA depending on the element: 5.6-204% for R. idaeus, 8.8-469, 4% for R. occidentalis, and 1.4-67.2% for R. chamaemorus), finally confirming this opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Adamczuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Garden, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Justyna Ośko
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (J.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Małgorzata Grembecka
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (J.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Paweł Konieczyński
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Piotr Migas
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Garden, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Orzeł
- Niwa Berry Breeding Company, Brzezna 1, 33-386 Podegrodzie, Poland;
| | | | - Mirosława Krauze-Baranowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Garden, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.A.); (P.M.)
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Gesek J, Jakimiuk K, Atanasov AG, Tomczyk M. Sanguiins-Promising Molecules with Broad Biological Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12972. [PMID: 34884795 PMCID: PMC8657505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Compounds of natural origin, an infinite treasure of bioactive chemical entities, persist as an inexhaustible resource for discovering new medicines. In this review, we summarize the naturally occurring ellagitannins, sanguiins, which are bioactive constituents of various traditional medicinal plants, especially from the Rosaceae family. In-depth studies of sanguiin H-6 as an antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and osteoclastogenesis inhibitory agent have led to potent drug candidates. In addition, recently, virtual screening studies have suggested that sanguiin H-6 might increase resistance toward SARS-CoV-2 in the early stages of infection. Further experimental investigations on ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) supplemented with molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation are still needed to fully understand sanguiins' mechanism of action. In sum, sanguiins appear to be promising compounds for additional studies, especially for their application in therapies for a multitude of common and debilitating ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Gesek
- Student’s Scientific Association, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Jakimiuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland;
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Li X, Wang Y, Jin L, Chen Z, Jiang J, Jackson A. Development of fruit color in Rubus chingii Hu (Chinese raspberry): A story about novel offshoots of anthocyanin and carotenoid biosynthesis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 311:110996. [PMID: 34482908 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rubus chingii, is widely distributed in many Asian countries and well known for its medicinal and dietary properties. Diversity of fruit color in raspberry has been attributed to the presence of either anthocyanins or carotenoids. In this study, we investigated anthocyanins and carotenoids, and their biosynthesis by LC-MS/MS. Six anthocyanins mainly consisted of flavanol-anthocyanins while five carotenoids mainly consisted of β-citraurin esters. Flavanol-anthocyanins were produced from an offshoot of the anthocyanin biosynthesis, which started with biosynthesis of flavanols and anthocyanidin by leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR)/anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS/LDOX) respectively. β-citraurin esters were produced from cleavage of zeaxanthin and esterification by organic acid, which was an offshoot of the carotenoid biosynthesis. The offshoot started with biosynthesis of zeaxanthin and β-citraurin by carotene β-hydroxylase (CHYB/LUT5) and carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) respectively. During fruit ripening, biosynthesis of flavanols and anthocyanins was down-regulated by genes/proteins involved in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, while biosynthesis of β-citraurin esters was up-regulated by imbalanced expression of genes/proteins involved in β,β-ring and β, ε-ring hydroxylation. Thus, β-citraurin esters, instead of anthocyanins imparted reddish color to the ripe fruit. These pigments and their biosynthesis in R. chingii are totally different from what occurs in other raspberry species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobai Li
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
| | - Yin Wang
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Liang Jin
- Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Hangzhou, 311251, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Jingyong Jiang
- Taizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linhai, 317000, China
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Li X, Sun J, Chen Z, Jiang J, Jackson A. Characterization of carotenoids and phenolics during fruit ripening of Chinese raspberry ( Rubus chingii Hu). RSC Adv 2021; 11:10804-10813. [PMID: 35423599 PMCID: PMC8695867 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10373j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese raspberry (Rubus chingii Hu) is a fruit valued for it's health benefits, which is indigenous to China. It is a great source of antioxidants. However, the fruit phytochemicals are poorly understood. Phenolics and carotenoids attract much attention for their antioxidant capability, and they dramatically change during fruit ripening, leading to the difference in color, flavor and medicinal components. In this study, we investigated the change of carotenoids, phenolics and antioxidant activity using spectrophotometry during four different ripening phases i.e. mature green (MG), green yellow (GY), yellow orange (YO) and red (RE). The major components of carotenoids, anthocyanins, ellagitannins and flavonols were identified and quantified by LC-MS/MS. As a result, five carotenoids (mainly β-Citraurin and its esters), six anthocyanins (mainly anthocyanins covalently linked to another flavonoid unit), methyl (S)-flavogallonate and rourinoside were first identified in Rubus. In contrast to other known raspberries, R. chingii had a continuous decrease in total phenolics during fruit ripening, which was due to a continuous decrease in flavonoids (including anthocyanin). Total anthocyanin and flavonoid respectively declined from 19.5 to 6.9 mg/100 g FW, and 646.2 to 128.5 mg/100 g FW during fruit maturation and coloration. Accordingly, the components of anthocyanins, ellagitannins and flavonols also declined, thus resulting in a decrease in antioxidant activity (from 41.2 to 10.1 TEAC/100 g FW in ABTS and from 35.3 to 7.7 mmol TEAC/100 g FW in FRAP). In contrast, total carotenoid increased from 184.2 to 305.4 mg/100 g FW. Accordingly, the components of carotenoids also increased, with the exception of lutein. Additionally, kaempferol and quercetin were the main flavonoid aglycones, which were linked to a variety of glycosides. These kaempferol- and quercetin-glycosides mainly accumulated in epidermal hair and placentae. Notably, carotenoids (i.e. β-citraurin esters), instead of anthocyanins, gradually accumulated during fruit ripening, imparting the reddish color to ripe fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobai Li
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310021 China
| | - Jian Sun
- Zhejiang Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd. Hangzhou 310023 China
| | - Zhen Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Taizhou University Taizhou 318000 China
| | - Jingyong Jiang
- Taizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Linhai 317000 China
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Rho I, Lee M, Nam J, Jeong J. Effect of plant part, extraction method, and harvest time over antioxidant yield of rubus coreanus. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_549_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Lee H, Kim J, An J, Lee S, Kong H, Song Y, Choi HR, Lee SJ, Chae KS, Kwon JW, Kim K. Amelioration of hyperglycemia by Rubus occidentalis (black raspberry) and increase in short-chain fatty acids producing bacteria. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Youn JS, Kim YJ, Na HJ, Jung HR, Song CK, Kang SY, Kim JY. Antioxidant activity and contents of leaf extracts obtained from Dendropanax morbifera LEV are dependent on the collecting season and extraction conditions. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 28:201-207. [PMID: 30815311 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0352-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the antioxidant activity of extracts from Dendropanax morbifera (D. morbifera) Levillis leaves. The concentrations of flavonoids and polyphenols were measured in extracts of D. morbifera leaves. The antioxidant activities were examined by ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Total flavonoid and polyphenol contents, and FRAP were highest in the 30% ethanol extract collected in May. The ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities were the highest in the 60% ethanol extract harvested in May. For investigating the relationship between antioxidant activity and specific polyphenols, rutin and chlorogenic acid of the polyphenol component were quantified by LC-MS/MS analysis. The concentrations of them were highest in the 60% ethanol extract collected in May, and showed positive correlations with antioxidant activities. The optimal extraction conditions to yield the most effective antioxidant activity were obtained using a 60% ethanol extraction solvent with samples collected in May.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Youn
- 1Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-743 Korea
| | - Young-Jun Kim
- 1Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-743 Korea
| | - Hye Jin Na
- Korea Food Information Institute, Banseok-ro, Yuseong-gu, DaeJeon, 34068 Korea
| | - Hae Rim Jung
- Korea Food Information Institute, Banseok-ro, Yuseong-gu, DaeJeon, 34068 Korea
| | - Chang Khil Song
- Agency for Jeju Plant Resources Dendropanax, Jejuuniversity-ro, Jeju, 63243 Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Agency for Jeju Plant Resources Dendropanax, Jejuuniversity-ro, Jeju, 63243 Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- 1Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-743 Korea
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Kim YJ, Huh I, Kim JY, Park S, Ryu SH, Kim KB, Kim S, Park T, Kwon O. Integration of Traditional and Metabolomics Biomarkers Identifies Prognostic Metabolites for Predicting Responsiveness to Nutritional Intervention against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030233. [PMID: 28273855 PMCID: PMC5372896 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Various statistical approaches can be applied to integrate traditional and omics biomarkers, allowing the discovery of prognostic markers to classify subjects into poor and good prognosis groups in terms of responses to nutritional interventions. Here, we performed a prototype study to identify metabolites that predict responses to an intervention against oxidative stress and inflammation, using a data set from a randomized controlled trial evaluating Korean black raspberry (KBR) in sedentary overweight/obese subjects. First, a linear mixed-effects model analysis with multiple testing correction showed that four-week consumption of KBR significantly changed oxidized glutathione (GSSG, q = 0.027) level, the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to GSSG (q = 0.039) in erythrocytes, malondialdehyde (MDA, q = 0.006) and interleukin-6 (q = 0.006) levels in plasma, and seventeen NMR metabolites in urine compared with those in the placebo group. A subsequent generalized linear mixed model analysis showed linear correlations between baseline urinary glycine and N-phenylacetylglycine (PAG) and changes in the GSH:GSSG ratio (p = 0.008 and 0.004) as well as between baseline urinary adenine and changes in MDA (p = 0.018). Then, receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that a two-metabolite set (glycine and PAG) had the strongest prognostic relevance for future interventions against oxidative stress (the area under the curve (AUC) = 0.778). Leave-one-out cross-validation confirmed the accuracy of prediction (AUC = 0.683). The current findings suggest that a higher level of this two-metabolite set at baseline is useful for predicting responders to dietary interventions in subjects with oxidative stress and inflammation, contributing to the emergence of personalized nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jin Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Iksoo Huh
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea.
| | - Saejong Park
- Department of Sport Science, Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul 01794, Korea.
| | - Sung Ha Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Chungnam 31116, Korea.
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Chungnam 31116, Korea.
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Taesung Park
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
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Kula M, Majdan M, Głód D, Krauze-Baranowska M. Phenolic composition of fruits from different cultivars of red and black raspberries grown in Poland. J Food Compost Anal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kula M, Krauze-Baranowska M. Rubus occidentalis: The black raspberry—its potential in the prevention of cancer. Nutr Cancer 2015; 68:18-28. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1115095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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