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Andrews C, Tierens A, Minden M. The genomic and biological complexity of mixed phenotype acute leukemia. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2020; 58:153-166. [PMID: 33161794 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2020.1829537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) is a heterogeneous group of leukemias that are defined immunophenotypically by antigen expression on blasts of both myeloid and lymphoid lineage. With the exception of BCR-ABL positive and KMT2A rearranged MPAL, the biology of the majority of MPAL remains uncertain. Several recent studies have explored the genomic and epigenetic landscape of MPAL and have suggested a further refinement of the WHO classification to emphasize the genomic heterogeneity of MPAL. Further studies including single cell analysis, whole exome sequencing and time of flight cytometry will provide for further biological characterization. Treatment decisions are complicated due to this lack of classification and the dearth of prospective randomized studies. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia-type therapy appears to achieve higher remission rates, and allogenic stem cell transplantation may be beneficial in a select group of patients in first complete remission. Multi-center collaborations may answer these questions more conclusively. Our review aims to discuss the diagnostic challenges, recent genomic studies and therapeutic strategies in this poorly understood disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Andrews
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anne Tierens
- Laboratory Medicine Program, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark Minden
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
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2
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Fielding AK. Curing Ph+ ALL: assessing the relative contributions of chemotherapy, TKIs, and allogeneic stem cell transplant. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2019; 2019:24-29. [PMID: 31808885 PMCID: PMC6913432 DOI: 10.1182/hematology.2019000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The understanding and treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia have changed rapidly in the past 10 years. The outcome is equally as good as for Ph- disease, and with targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapies in addition to chemotherapy, the novel immunotherapy approaches, and the extension of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HCT) to older individuals, there is the potential to exceed this outcome. There is particular interest in reducing chemotherapy exposure and considering for whom allo-HCT can be avoided. However, the patient population that can help test these options in clinical trials is limited in number, and the available evidence is often derived from single-arm studies. This paper summarizes outcomes achieved with recent approaches to de novo Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the postimatinib era and helps integrate all the available information to assist the reader to make informed choices for patients in an increasingly complex field.
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Zhao X, Zhao X, Chen H, Qin Y, Xu L, Zhang X, Liu K, Huang X, Chang YJ. Comparative Analysis of Flow Cytometry and RQ-PCR for the Detection of Minimal Residual Disease in Philadelphia Chromosome–Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2018; 24:1936-1943. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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4
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Xu L, Chen H, Chen J, Han M, Huang H, Lai Y, Liu D, Liu Q, Liu T, Jiang M, Ren H, Song Y, Sun Z, Wang J, Wu D, Zhou D, Zou P, Liu K, Huang X. The consensus on indications, conditioning regimen, and donor selection of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for hematological diseases in China-recommendations from the Chinese Society of Hematology. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:33. [PMID: 29495966 PMCID: PMC5833104 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is widely used to treat malignant hematological neoplasms and non-malignant hematological disorders. Approximately, 5000 allo-HSCT procedures are performed in China annually. Substantial progress has been made in haploidentical HSCT (HID-HSCT), pre-transplantation risk stratification, and donor selection in allo-HSCT, especially after the establishment of the "Beijing Protocol" HID-HSCT system. Transplant indications for selected subgroups in low-risk leukemia or severe aplastic anemia (SAA) differ from those in the Western world. These unique systems developed by Chinese doctors may inspire the refining of global clinical practice. We reviewed the efficacy of allo-HSCT practice from available Chinese studies on behalf of the HSCT workgroup of the Chinese Society of Hematology, Chinese Medical Association and compared these studies to the consensus or guideline outside China. We summarized the consensus on routine practices of all-HSCT in China and focused on the recommendations of indications, conditioning regimen, and donor selection.
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MESH Headings
- Anemia, Aplastic/epidemiology
- Anemia, Aplastic/therapy
- China/epidemiology
- Donor Selection/methods
- Donor Selection/standards
- Hematologic Diseases/epidemiology
- Hematologic Diseases/therapy
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/methods
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/standards
- Humans
- Leukemia/epidemiology
- Leukemia/therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/epidemiology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/epidemiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/epidemiology
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/therapy
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/epidemiology
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy
- Societies, Medical
- Transplantation Conditioning/methods
- Transplantation Conditioning/standards
- Transplantation, Homologous/methods
- Transplantation, Homologous/standards
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanping Xu
- Beijing Key laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University People’s Hospital & Institute of Hematology, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hu Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of The Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingzhe Han
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongrong Lai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daihong Liu
- General Hospital of PLA(People’s Liberation Army of China), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qifa Liu
- Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanyun Ren
- Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongping Song
- Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zimin Sun
- Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Changhai Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Depei Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow Hospital, Soochow, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daobin Zhou
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Zou
- Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaiyan Liu
- Beijing Key laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University People’s Hospital & Institute of Hematology, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- Beijing Key laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University People’s Hospital & Institute of Hematology, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044 People’s Republic of China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Litzow MR, Fielding AK, Luger SM, Paietta E, Ofran Y, Rowe JM, Goldstone AH, Tallman MS, Lazarus HM. The evolving role of chemotherapy and hematopoietic cell transplants in Ph-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults. Bone Marrow Transplant 2017; 52:1592-1598. [PMID: 28581459 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2017.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) into the treatment of patients with Ph or BCR-ABL1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia has revolutionized the treatment of this poor prognosis acute leukemia. The combination of TKI with chemotherapy has improved response rates and allowed more patients to proceed to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (alloHCT). Older patients have excellent responses to TKI and corticosteroids or in combination with minimal chemotherapy. This raises the question as to whether patients require full-intensity chemotherapy with TKI to achieve molecular remissions. The pediatricians have proposed that cure is achievable without alloHCT in children. These results have suggested that many patients may not require traditional chemotherapy in addition to TKI to achieve remission, and that patients who achieve a negative minimal residual disease state may not require alloHCT. The data in support of these questions is presented here and a suggested future clinical trial design based on these data is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Litzow
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - S M Luger
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E Paietta
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Y Ofran
- Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - J M Rowe
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - M S Tallman
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - H M Lazarus
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland, OH, USA
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Saini L, Brandwein J. New Treatment Strategies for Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2017; 12:136-142. [DOI: 10.1007/s11899-017-0372-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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7
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Should anyone with Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL who is negative for minimal residual disease receive a hematopoietic stem cell transplant in first remission? Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2016; 29:345-350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Jacobson S, Tedder M, Eggert J. Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Genetic Overview and Application to Clinical Practice. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2016; 20:E147-E154. [DOI: 10.1188/16.cjon.e147-e154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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El-Cheikh J, El Dika I, Massoud R, Charafeddine M, Mahfouz R, Kharfan-Dabaja MA, Bazarbachi A. Hyper-CVAD Compared With BFM-like Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. A Retrospective Single-Center Analysis. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2016; 17:179-185. [PMID: 27988194 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several induction regimens have been developed for treatment of adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, only a few prospective randomized trials have directly compared these regimens. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this report, we retrospectively evaluated the outcome of 62 adult ALL patients treated with either hyper-CVAD (hyper fractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone; n = 38) or a BFM (Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster)-like regimen (n = 24) between November 2000 and January 2016 at the American university of Beirut Medical Center in Lebanon. The feasibility of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) for those patients was also evaluated. RESULTS The median follow-up time was 29 (range, 1-129) months. Fifteen (39%) and 10 (42%) patients underwent allo-SCT in the hyper-CVAD and BFM-like group, respectively. At the time of the last follow-up, 28 patients (74%) were in complete remission in the hyper-CVAD group versus 18 patients (75%) in the BFM-like group. Of those, 20 patients (53%) versus 11 patients (46%) were minimal residual disease-negative at the last follow-up, respectively. The 3-year overall survival rate (71.9% vs. 76.9%; P = .808) and 3-year disease-free survival (54.7% vs. 76.4%; P = .435) were similar in hyper-CVAD group compared with the BFM-like group, respectively. Both chemotherapies were relatively well tolerated. CONCLUSION Overall, despite the older age and a greater number of patients with high-risk category (including Philadelphia chromosome-positive) in the hyper-CVAD group, this did not translate into a difference in survival outcome between the 2 groups. The hyper-CVAD regimen appears to be feasible for adult patients with ALL in terms of tolerability and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean El-Cheikh
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Program, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Imane El Dika
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Program, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Radwan Massoud
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Program, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maya Charafeddine
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rami Mahfouz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Ali Bazarbachi
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Program, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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10
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Srour SA, Milton DR, Bashey A, Karduss-Urueta A, Al Malki MM, Romee R, Solomon S, Nademanee A, Brown S, Slade M, Perez R, Rondon G, Forman SJ, Champlin RE, Kebriaei P, Ciurea SO. Haploidentical Transplantation with Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide for High-Risk Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2016; 23:318-324. [PMID: 27856368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Haploidentical transplantation performed with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy)-based graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis has been associated with favorable outcomes for patients with acute myeloid leukemia and lymphomas. However, it remains unclear if such approach is effective for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We analyzed outcomes of 109 consecutively treated ALL patients 18 years of age and older at 5 institutions. The median age was 32 years and the median follow-up for survivors was 13 months. Thirty-two patients were in first complete remission (CR1), while the rest were beyond CR1. Neutrophil engraftment occurred in 95% of the patients. The cumulative incidences of grades II to IV and III and IV acute GVHD at day 100 after transplantation were 32% and 11%, respectively, whereas chronic GVHD, nonrelapse mortality, relapse rate, and disease-free survival (DFS) at 1 year after transplantation were 32%, 21%, 27%, and 51%, respectively. Patients in CR1 had 52% DFS at 3 years. These results suggest that haploidentical transplants performed with PTCy-based GVHD prophylaxis provide a very suitable alternative to HLA-matched transplantations for patients with ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer A Srour
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Denái R Milton
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Asad Bashey
- BMT and Acute Leukemia Program at Northside Hospital, Blood and Marrow Transplant Group of Georgia, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Amado Karduss-Urueta
- Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Instituto de Cancerologia-Clinica Las Americas, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Monzr M Al Malki
- Department of Hematology and HCT, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Rizwan Romee
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Scott Solomon
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Auayporn Nademanee
- Department of Hematology and HCT, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Stacey Brown
- BMT and Acute Leukemia Program at Northside Hospital, Blood and Marrow Transplant Group of Georgia, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael Slade
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Rosendo Perez
- Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Instituto de Cancerologia-Clinica Las Americas, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Gabriela Rondon
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephan J Forman
- Department of Hematology and HCT, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Richard E Champlin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Partow Kebriaei
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stefan O Ciurea
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Shi Y, Zhao X, Durkin L, Rogers HJ, Hsi ED. Aberrant activation-induced cytidine deaminase expression in Philadelphia chromosome-positive B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Hum Pathol 2016; 52:173-8. [PMID: 26980048 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is expressed in germinal center B cells and plays a critical role in somatic hypermutation and class-switch recombination of immunoglobulin genes. Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) carries a poor prognosis and is specifically treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Interestingly, AID has been shown to be aberrantly expressed and functional in Ph+ ALL and is thought to contribute to genetic instability. We hypothesized that AID might be detectable in routinely processed bone marrow biopsies by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and assist in identifying Ph+ ALL. We found that AID was expressed in 26 (70%) of 37 cases of Ph+ ALL but only 1 (2.9%) of 38 cases of Ph- ALL cases. There was a significant difference in AID expression between these 2 ALL groups (P < .001, Fisher exact test). The expression of AID was confirmed by RT-PCR (reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) and correlated with IHC scoring. AID protein is expressed in a large proportion of Ph+ ALL cases at levels detectable by IHC in clinical samples and might be useful to rapidly identify cases likely to have a BCR/ABL1 fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, L-11, Cleveland, OH, USA 44195.
| | - Xiaoxian Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, L-11, Cleveland, OH, USA 44195.
| | - Lisa Durkin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, L-11, Cleveland, OH, USA 44195.
| | - Heesun Joyce Rogers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, L-11, Cleveland, OH, USA 44195.
| | - Eric D Hsi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, L-11, Cleveland, OH, USA 44195.
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Fielding AK. Treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults: a broader range of options, improved outcomes, and more therapeutic dilemmas. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2016:e352-9. [PMID: 25993196 DOI: 10.14694/edbook_am.2015.35.e352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The article addresses selected key areas of flux in the management of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. There is no doubt that tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have made a major contribution to higher rates of complete remission and that more patients are now surviving long term. Many patients tolerate TKIs well, and remission can be achieved with minimal toxicity. Because remissions can include a proportion of patients who become BCR-ABL1 transcript negative, the question of whether allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can be avoided requires discussion. Despite the major progress that has been made and the relative profusion of therapeutic choice compared with 10 years ago, evidence is still lacking for many of the major possible interventions, and how to combine them is unclear. Because of the rarity of the condition and the enticing possibility of increasing traction to therapy, clinical trials and international cooperation remain paramount.
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Zhang L, Ramjit RT, Hill CE, Arellano M, Khoury HJ, Mann KP. Clinical significance of quantitative monitoring and mutational analysis of BCR-ABL1 transcript in Philadelphia chromosome positive B lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 57:364-369. [PMID: 25573206 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.1003059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative detection of BCR-ABL1 transcript is essential in monitoring residual disease of Philadelphia chromosome positive B lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ B-LL). We studied the kinetics of BCR-ABL1 transcript in 41 Ph+ B-LL patients in correlation with their clinical outcome. A total of 23 patients achieved complete molecular remission at 6 months post-treatment. This was associated with a lower relapse risk and better overall survival. Likewise, sustainable complete molecular remission in 27 patients was associated with superior clinical outcome. Sporadic low level BCR-ABL1 was detected in 12 of 27 patients who had attained complete molecular remission. The relapse rate was significantly higher in non-transplant patients with persistent positive BCR-ABL1 than patients transplanted when BCR-ABL1 was detectable. All eight patients harboring ABL1 kinase domain mutations died of disease or were transferred to hospice care. We concluded that monitoring the level of BCR-ABL1 transcript after hematologic remission has predictive value to the long-term outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linsheng Zhang
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ruan T Ramjit
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Charles E Hill
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Martha Arellano
- b Division of Hematology/Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - H Jean Khoury
- b Division of Hematology/Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Karen P Mann
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia
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