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Huang Y, Chen L, Zou Y, Yu H, Xie W, Gan Q, Yao Y, Liao C, Zheng J, Kong J, Lin T. Bibliometric insights into drug resistance in bladder cancer: Two decades of progress (1999-2022). Heliyon 2024; 10:e31587. [PMID: 38841471 PMCID: PMC11152674 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims To provide a comprehensive bibliometric overview of drug resistance in bladder cancer (BC) from 1999 to 2022, aiming to illuminate its historical progression and guide future investigative avenues. Methods Literature on BC drug resistance between 1999 and 2022 was sourced from the Web of Science. Visual analyses were executed using Vosviewer and Citespace software, focusing on contributions by countries, institutions, journals, authors, references, and keywords. Results From 2727 publications, a marked growth in BC drug resistance studies was discerned over the two decades. Prominent among all institutions is the University of Texas System. The majority of top-ranked journals were American. In authorship significance, McConkey DJ led in publications, while Bellmunt J dominated in citations. Research topics predominantly spanned cancer demographics, drug efficacy evaluations, molecular features, oncology subtypes, and individualized treatment strategies, with a notable contemporary emphasis on molecular mechanisms behind drug resistance and nuances of ICIs. Conclusions Our bibliometric analysis charts the landscape of BC drug resistance research from 1999 to 2022. While the study of resistance mechanisms has been robust, there's an evident need for deeper exploration into the molecular intricacies and the potential of ICIs and targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, PR China
| | - Ligang Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, PR China
| | - Yitong Zou
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, PR China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, PR China
| | - Weibin Xie
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, PR China
| | - Qinghua Gan
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, PR China
| | - Yuhui Yao
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, PR China
| | - Chengxiao Liao
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, PR China
| | - Junjiong Zheng
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, PR China
| | - jianqiu Kong
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, PR China
| | - Tianxin Lin
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, PR China
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Manneh Kopp R, Galanternik F, Schutz FA, Kater F, Ramos-Esquivel A, Neciosup S, Sobrevilla-Moreno N, Bernal Vaca L, Ibatá-Bernal L, Martínez-Rojas S, Bourlon MT. Latin American Consensus for the Evaluation and Treatment of Patients With Metastatic/Locally Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma. JCO Glob Oncol 2024; 10:e2300244. [PMID: 38271646 PMCID: PMC10824386 DOI: 10.1200/go.23.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Urothelial cancer accounts for approximately 3% of new cancer cases worldwide, with a high burden of disease in countries with medium and low human development indexes where its incidence and mortality are increasing. The purpose of this consensus is to develop statements on the evaluation and treatment of locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma that would further guide the clinical practice in Latin America. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was conducted by an independent team of methodologists. Then, a modified Delphi method was developed with clinical specialists from different Latin American countries. RESULTS Forty-two consensus statements, based on evidence, were developed to address the staging, the evaluation (suitability for chemotherapy, risk assessment, and biomarkers), and systemic treatment (first-line and subsequent therapies) of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. The statements made in this consensus are suggested practice recommendations in the Latin American context; however, the importance of a complete and individualized patient evaluation as a guide for therapeutic selection is highlighted. The availability and affordability of support tools for the evaluation of the disease, as well as specific therapies, may limit the application of the best practices suggested. RECOMMENDATIONS Therapeutic decisions need to be tailored to the context-specific clinical setting and availability of resources. Local research is promoted to improve outcomes for patients with this challenging cancer in Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Manneh Kopp
- Sociedad de Oncología y Hematología del Cesar, Valledupar, Colombia
| | - Fernando Galanternik
- Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas “Norberto Quirno” (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Fabio Kater
- Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Allan Ramos-Esquivel
- Hospital San Juan de Dios, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Nora Sobrevilla-Moreno
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Clínica de Tumores Genitourinarios, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | | | | | - Maria T. Bourlon
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
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Wang Y, Qu H, Xu B, Wu J, Lu K, Liu C, Chen S, Chen M. Expression of FOXA1 Is Associated with the Tumor-Infiltrating M2 Macrophage, Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte, and Effect of Chemotherapy in Bladder Cancer. Urol Int 2023; 107:58-63. [PMID: 34706362 PMCID: PMC9909707 DOI: 10.1159/000519129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cisplatin-containing combination chemotherapy has been the standard of care since the late 1980s, but the response rate is <50%. Studies have shown that the efficiency of chemotherapy differs among molecular subtypes of bladder cancer. In this study, we aimed to correlate FOXA1, a marker for differentiation of the basal and luminal subtypes, with tumor immune cell infiltration and the effect of chemotherapy in bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-three patients with bladder cancer treated with chemotherapy were reviewed. Clinicopathological variables for each case were recorded. FOXA1, M2 tumor-associated macrophage (TAM), dendritic cell (DC), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) were examined by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between FOXA1, immune cell infiltration, and clinical response to chemotherapy was assessed. RESULTS The overall objective response rate was 34%. The objective response rate for tumors with lower FOXA1 expression was 58% and for tumors with higher FOXA1 expression was 12%. Tumors with infiltrated M2 TAM proportion <3% had a higher objective response rate compared with infiltrated M2 TAM proportion >3% tumors (46% vs. 21%, p = 0.02). Tumors with infiltrated CTL proportion >5% had a higher objective response rate compared with infiltrated CTL proportion <5% tumors (50% vs. 17%, p = 0.002). DCs showed no significant differences. We found that the objective response rate for tumors with lower FOXA1 expression, proportion <3% M2 TAM infiltration, and proportion >5% CTL infiltration is 82%. Lower FOXA1 expression was associated with low M2 TAM infiltration and high CTL infiltration. CONCLUSIONS Thus, we showed that in patients with bladder cancer who received chemotherapy, the higher clinical response rate is associated with low FOXA1 expression, low M2 TAM infiltration, and high CTL infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiduo Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China, .,Institute of Urology, Surgical Research Center, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China,
| | - Huan Qu
- Health Management Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China,Institute of Urology, Surgical Research Center, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China,Institute of Urology, Surgical Research Center, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China,Institute of Urology, Surgical Research Center, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunhui Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China,Institute of Urology, Surgical Research Center, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuqiu Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China,Institute of Urology, Surgical Research Center, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China,Institute of Urology, Surgical Research Center, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China,*Ming Chen,
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Feasibility of [ 68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT for detection of nodal and hematogenous spread in high-grade urothelial carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:3571-3580. [PMID: 35325283 PMCID: PMC9308618 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05761-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 is a novel positron emission tomography (PET) ligand that targets fibroblast activation protein (FAP) expression as FAP inhibitor (FAPI) and could already show promising results in several tumor entities. It could be demonstrated that an increased FAP expression correlates with tumor aggressivity in urothelial carcinoma (UC). Given the limited value of [18F]FDG in UC, [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 could add diagnostic information in staging and response assessment in UC. We present the first data of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 PET imaging in a pilot cohort of UC patients evaluating uptake characteristics in metastases and primary tumors. Methods Fifteen patients with UC prior to or after local treatment underwent [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT imaging for detection of metastatic spread. We compared the biodistribution in non-affected organs and tumor uptake of UC lesions by standard uptake value measurements (SUVmean and SUVmax). Additionally, metastatic sites on PET were compared to its morphological correlate on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). Results Overall, 64 tumor sites were detected on PET and/or CT. The highest uptake intensity was noted at the primary site (SUVmax 20.8 (range, 8.1–27.8)) followed by lymph node metastases (SUVmax 10.6 (range, 4.7–29.1)). In 4/15 (26.7%) patients there were [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46-positive lesions that were missed on standard routine CT imaging. On the other hand, 2/15 patients had suspicious prominent bipulmonary nodules as well as pelvic lymph nodes previously rated as suspicious for metastatic spread on CT, but without increased FAPI expression; here histopathology excluded malignancy. Conclusion [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 PET shows distinctly elevated uptake in UC lesions. Therefore, the tracer has potential as a promising new biomarker in metastatic UC patients, as [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 PET might improve detection of metastatic sites compared to CT alone. These findings highly emphasize larger studies investigating FAPI imaging in UC patients.
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Gao RZ, Wen R, Wen DY, Huang J, Qin H, Li X, Wang XR, He Y, Yang H. Radiomics Analysis Based on Ultrasound Images to Distinguish the Tumor Stage and Pathological Grade of Bladder Cancer. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2021; 40:2685-2697. [PMID: 33615528 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the clinical value of ultrasound radiomic features in the preoperative prediction of tumor stage and pathological grade of bladder cancer (BLCA) patients. METHODS We retrospectively collected patients who had been diagnosed with BLCA by pathology. Ultrasound-based radiomic features were extracted from manually segmented regions of interest. Participants were randomly assigned to a training cohort and a validation cohort at a ratio of 7:3. Radiomic features were Z-score normalized and submitted to dimensional reduction analysis (including Spearman's correlation coefficient analysis, the random forest algorithm, and statistical testing) for core feature selection. Classifiers for tumor stage and pathological grade prediction were then constructed. Prediction performance was estimated by the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve and was verified by the validation cohort. RESULTS A total of 5936 radiomic features were extracted from each of the ultrasound images obtained from 157 patients. The BLCA tumor stage and pathological grade prediction models were developed based on 30 and 35 features, respectively. Both models showed good predictive ability. For the tumor stage prediction model, the AUC was 0.94 in the training cohort and 0.84 in the validation cohort. For the pathological grade model, the AUCs obtained were 0.84 in the training cohort and 0.75 in the validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS The ultrasound-based radiomics models performed well in the preoperative tumor staging and pathological grading of BLCA. These findings should be applied clinically to optimize treatment and to assess prognoses for BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Zhi Gao
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Rong Wen
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Dong-Yue Wen
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hui Qin
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xin Li
- GE Healthcare, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yun He
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Liu S, Chen X, Lin T. Emerging strategies for the improvement of chemotherapy in bladder cancer: Current knowledge and future perspectives. J Adv Res 2021; 39:187-202. [PMID: 35777908 PMCID: PMC9263750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The response of chemotherapy and prognosis in bladder cancer is unsatisfied. Immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and ADC improve the efficacy of chemotherapy. Emerging targets in cancer cells and TME spawned novel preclinical agents. Novel drug delivery, such as nanotechnology, enhances effects of chemotherapeutics. The organoid and PDX model are promising to screen and evaluate the target therapy.
Background Chemotherapy is a first-line treatment for advanced and metastatic bladder cancer, but the unsatisfactory objective response rate to this treatment yields poor 5-year patient survival. Only PD-1/PD-L1-based immune checkpoint inhibitors, FGFR3 inhibitors and antibody-drug conjugates are approved by the FDA to be used in bladder cancer, mainly for platinum-refractory or platinum-ineligible locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Emerging studies indicate that the combination of targeted therapy and chemotherapy shows better efficacy than targeted therapy or chemotherapy alone. Newly identified targets in cancer cells and various functions of the tumour microenvironment have spawned novel agents and regimens, which give impetus to sensitizing chemotherapy in the bladder cancer setting. Aim of Review This review aims to present the current evidence for potentiating the efficacy of chemotherapy in bladder cancer. We focus on combining chemotherapy with other treatments as follows: targeted therapy, including immunotherapy and antibody-drug conjugates in clinic; novel targeted drugs and nanoparticles in preclinical models and potential targets that may contribute to chemosensitivity in future clinical practice. The prospect of precision therapy is also discussed in bladder cancer. Key Scientific Concepts of Review Combining chemotherapy drugs with immune checkpoint inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates and VEGF inhibitors potentially elevates the response rate and survival. Novel targets, including cancer stem cells, DNA damage repair, antiapoptosis, drug metabolism and the tumour microenvironment, contribute to chemosensitization. Gene alteration-based drug selection and patient-derived xenograft- and organoid-based drug validation are the future for precision therapy.
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Jang A, Adler DM, Rauterkus GP, Bilen MA, Barata PC. Immunotherapies in Genitourinary Oncology: Where Are We Now? Where Are We Going? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205065. [PMID: 34680214 PMCID: PMC8533722 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Genitourinary malignancies include cancers along the urinary tract and the male reproductive tract, encompassing the adrenal glands, kidneys, bladder, prostate, and testicles. Immunotherapy, which treats cancer by using the immune system to attack malignant cells, has historically been successful in treating some types of genitourinary cancers, especially of the bladder and kidney. In the past decade, a more precise method of immunotherapy, known as immune checkpoint inhibition, has gained popularity as it enhances the immune system’s ability to recognize and destroy tumor cells. Several immune checkpoint inhibitors have achieved success in patients with advanced genitourinary cancers. This review provides a brief overview of traditional immunotherapies, focuses on how immune checkpoint inhibitors have achieved success in patients with advanced cancers, and investigates the role for immunotherapy in genitourinary malignancies in the future. Abstract For decades, limited options existed to treat metastatic genitourinary cancers, including treatment options that could be classified as immunotherapy. Historically, immunotherapy centered on systemic cytokines for the treatment of metastatic kidney cancer, which had several adverse effects, as well as the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine for non-metastatic bladder cancer. Within the past decade, advances in immunotherapy have led to several approvals from the United States Food and Drug Administration, particularly in the field of immune checkpoint inhibition. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are now being used extensively to treat multiple solid tumors, including kidney and bladder cancers, and they are also being tested in many other cancers. Despite encouraging data from phase 2/3 clinical trials, less is known about biomarkers that may predict better response to ICIs. The effect of ICIs in genitourinary cancers is heterogeneous, with some tumor types having little clinical data available, or ICIs having limited activity in other tumors. In this review, we briefly discuss approved immunotherapy agents prior to the time of ICIs. Then, given the emergence of this class of agents, we summarize the several important ICIs and the clinical trials that led to their approval. Finally, we mention ongoing and future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Jang
- Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - David M. Adler
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | | | - Mehmet A. Bilen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Pedro C. Barata
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-504-988-1236
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Bogen JP, Grzeschik J, Jakobsen J, Bähre A, Hock B, Kolmar H. Treating Bladder Cancer: Engineering of Current and Next Generation Antibody-, Fusion Protein-, mRNA-, Cell- and Viral-Based Therapeutics. Front Oncol 2021; 11:672262. [PMID: 34123841 PMCID: PMC8191463 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.672262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a frequent malignancy and has a clinical need for new therapeutic approaches. Antibody and protein technologies came a long way in recent years and new engineering approaches were applied to generate innovative therapeutic entities with novel mechanisms of action. Furthermore, mRNA-based pharmaceuticals recently reached the market and CAR-T cells and viral-based gene therapy remain a major focus of biomedical research. This review focuses on the engineering of biologics, particularly therapeutic antibodies and their application in preclinical development and clinical trials, as well as approved monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of bladder cancer. Besides, newly emerging entities in the realm of bladder cancer like mRNA, gene therapy or cell-based therapeutics are discussed and evaluated. As many discussed molecules exhibit unique mechanisms of action based on innovative protein engineering, they reflect the next generation of cancer drugs. This review will shed light on the engineering strategies applied to develop these next generation treatments and provides deeper insights into their preclinical profiles, clinical stages, and ongoing trials. Furthermore, the distribution and expression of the targeted antigens and the intended mechanisms of action are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan P Bogen
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.,Ferring Darmstadt Laboratory, Biologics Technology and Development, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Julius Grzeschik
- Ferring Darmstadt Laboratory, Biologics Technology and Development, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Joern Jakobsen
- Ferring Pharmaceuticals, International PharmaScience Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexandra Bähre
- Ferring Pharmaceuticals, International PharmaScience Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Björn Hock
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Ferring International Center S.A., Saint-Prex, Switzerland
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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Zhang X, Taoka R, Liu D, Matsuoka Y, Tohi Y, Kakehi Y, Sugimoto M. Knockdown of RRM1 with Adenoviral shRNA Vectors to Inhibit Tumor Cell Viability and Increase Chemotherapeutic Sensitivity to Gemcitabine in Bladder Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4102. [PMID: 33921102 PMCID: PMC8071414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RRM1-an important DNA replication/repair enzyme-is the primary molecular gemcitabine (GEM) target. High RRM1-expression associates with gemcitabine-resistance in various cancers and RRM1 inhibition may provide novel cancer treatment approaches. Our study elucidates how RRM1 inhibition affects cancer cell proliferation and influences gemcitabine-resistant bladder cancer cells. Of nine bladder cancer cell lines investigated, two RRM1 highly expressed cells, 253J and RT112, were selected for further experimentation. An RRM1-targeting shRNA was cloned into adenoviral vector, Ad-shRRM1. Gene and protein expression were investigated using real-time PCR and western blotting. Cell proliferation rate and chemotherapeutic sensitivity to GEM were assessed by MTT assay. A human tumor xenograft model was prepared by implanting RRM1 highly expressed tumors, derived from RT112 cells, in nude mice. Infection with Ad-shRRM1 effectively downregulated RRM1 expression, significantly inhibiting cell growth in both RRM1 highly expressed tumor cells. In vivo, Ad-shRRM1 treatment had pronounced antitumor effects against RRM1 highly expressed tumor xenografts (p < 0.05). Moreover, combination of Ad-shRRM1 and GEM inhibited cell proliferation in both cell lines significantly more than either treatment individually. Cancer gene therapy using anti-RRM1 shRNA has pronounced antitumor effects against RRM1 highly expressed tumors, and RRM1 inhibition specifically increases bladder cancer cell GEM-sensitivity. Ad-shRRM1/GEM combination therapy may offer new treatment options for patients with GEM-resistant bladder tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (X.Z.); (Y.M.); (Y.T.); (Y.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Rikiya Taoka
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (X.Z.); (Y.M.); (Y.T.); (Y.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Dage Liu
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan;
| | - Yuki Matsuoka
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (X.Z.); (Y.M.); (Y.T.); (Y.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Yoichiro Tohi
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (X.Z.); (Y.M.); (Y.T.); (Y.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Yoshiyuki Kakehi
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (X.Z.); (Y.M.); (Y.T.); (Y.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikio Sugimoto
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (X.Z.); (Y.M.); (Y.T.); (Y.K.); (M.S.)
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Samaha H, Samaha R, Sarkis J, Kattan J. Maintenance avelumab in metastatic bladder cancer as a step towards sequencing immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2021; 13:271-275. [PMID: 33397137 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2020-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hady Samaha
- Hotel-Dieu de France University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ramy Samaha
- Hotel-Dieu de France University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Julien Sarkis
- Hotel-Dieu de France University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Kattan
- Hotel-Dieu de France University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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11
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Non coding RNAs as the critical factors in chemo resistance of bladder tumor cells. Diagn Pathol 2020; 15:136. [PMID: 33183321 PMCID: PMC7659041 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-020-01054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BCa) is the ninth frequent and 13th leading cause of cancer related deaths in the world which is mainly observed among men. There is a declining mortality rates in developed countries. Although, the majority of BCa patients present Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) tumors, only 30% of patients suffer from muscle invasion and distant metastases. Radical cystoprostatectomy, radiation, and chemotherapy have proven to be efficient in metastatic tumors. However, tumor relapse is observed in a noticeable ratio of patients following the chemotherapeutic treatment. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are important factors during tumor progression and chemo resistance which can be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of BCa. MAIN BODY In present review we summarized all of the lncRNAs and miRNAs associated with chemotherapeutic resistance in bladder tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS This review paves the way of introducing a prognostic panel of ncRNAs for the BCa patients which can be useful to select a proper drug based on the lncRNA profiles of patients to reduce the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy in such patients.
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12
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Necchi A, Nishiyama H, Matsubara N, Lee JL, Petrylak DP, de Wit R, Drakaki A, Liepa AM, Mao H, Bell-McGuinn K, Powles T. Health-related quality of life in the randomized phase 3 study of ramucirumab plus docetaxel versus placebo plus docetaxel in platinum-refractory advanced urothelial carcinoma (RANGE). BMC Urol 2020; 20:181. [PMID: 33160359 PMCID: PMC7648381 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-020-00752-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate patient-reported outcomes with ramucirumab plus docetaxel, a regimen which improved progression-free survival in platinum-refractory advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC). METHODS RANGE-a randomized, double-blinded, phase 3 trial in patients with platinum-refractory aUC. Ramucirumab (10 mg/kg) plus docetaxel (75 mg/m2) or placebo plus docetaxel were administered every 21 days until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients received maximum 10 cycles of docetaxel. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and EuroQoL five-dimensions (EQ-5D-5L) were administered at baseline, start of each cycle, and 30-day follow-up visit. A ≥ 10-point change in QLQ-C30 scores was considered meaningful. Rates of improved/stable scores were compared between treatment arms using Fisher's exact test. Time to deterioration (TtD) was estimated and compared using Kaplan-Meier estimation and log-rank test. RESULTS Of the 530 patients, ~ 97% patients in each arm provided baseline QLQ-C30 data. On-treatment compliance was ≥ 88% for first 8 cycles. Mean baseline QLQ-C30 scores were similar between arms, with global quality of life (QoL), fatigue, pain, and insomnia having greatest impairment. Postbaseline rates of improved/stable QLQ-C30 scores were similar between treatment arms except for greater improvement in pain score with ramucirumab. TtD of QLQ-C30 scales favored ramucirumab arm. Baseline EQ-5D-5L index and visual analogue scale scores were similar between arms, followed by relatively stable on-treatment scores. EQ-5D-5L scores worsened at post-discontinuation follow-up visit. CONCLUSIONS Ramucirumab plus docetaxel did not negatively impact QoL compared with docetaxel alone in platinum-refractory aUC. Improved TtD and tumor associated rates of pain favored ramucirumab treatment. CLINICAL TRAIL REGISTRATION NCT02426125. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02426125 . Date of registration: April 24th 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Necchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | - Jae-Lyun Lee
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Huzhang Mao
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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13
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Wang X, Chen F, Gou S. Anti-tumor effects and cell motility inhibition of the DN604-gemcitabine combined treatment in human bladder cancer models. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 29:115858. [PMID: 33218897 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the major tumors for men in the world, in which therapy the combination of cisplatin and gemcitabine is still fist-line applied to treat with advanced or metastatic bladder cancer. In our early study, we developed a potential Pt(II) agent, DN604, which has anti-tumor effect as potent as cisplatin toward bladder cancers. Herein, we aim at investigating the combinatory application of DN604 with gemcitabine for bladder cancer treatment. In vitro studies proved that the combined treatment of DN604 and gemcitabine could limit cell proliferation by elevating the incidence of DNA damage induced apoptosis. Notably, further researches showed that the DN604-gemcitabine treatment suppressed cell autophagy to inhibit cell motility upon the ROS dependent p38 MAPK signaling pathway, explicating its better anti-tumor activity than single drug treatment or the cisplatin-gemcitabine treatment. In vivo tests confirmed that the DN604-gemcitabine treatment has superior anti-tumor activity with low toxicity to cisplatin or its combination with gemcitabine treatments. DN604 plus gemcitabine, is of great significance for the treatment with human bladder cancer. Our study has provided a potential combination treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Feihong Chen
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
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14
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Targeting EphA2 in Bladder Cancer Using a Novel Antibody-Directed Nanotherapeutic. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100996. [PMID: 33092175 PMCID: PMC7589819 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ephrin receptor A2 (EphA2) is a member of the Ephrin/Eph receptor cell-to-cell signaling family of molecules, and it plays a key role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. EphA2 is overexpressed in a broad range of cancers, and its expression is in many cases associated with poor prognosis. We recently developed a novel EphA2-targeting antibody-directed nanotherapeutic encapsulating a labile prodrug of docetaxel (EphA2-ILs-DTXp) for the treatment of EphA2-expressing malignancies. Here, we characterized the expression of EphA2 in bladder cancer using immunohistochemistry in 177 human bladder cancer samples and determined the preclinical efficacy of EphA2-ILs-DTXp in four EphA2-positive patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of the disease, either as a monotherapy, or in combination with gemcitabine. EphA2 expression was detected in 80–100% of bladder cancer samples and correlated with shorter patient survival. EphA2 was found to be expressed in tumor cells and/or tumor-associated blood vessels in both primary and metastatic lesions with a concordance rate of approximately 90%. The EphA2-targeted antibody-directed nanotherapeutic EphA2-ILs-DTXp controlled tumor growth, mediated greater regression, and was more active than free docetaxel at equitoxic dosing in all four EphA2-positive bladder cancer PDX models. Combination of EphA2-ILs-DTXp and gemcitabine in one PDX model led to improved tumor growth control compared to monotherapies or the combination of free docetaxel and gemcitabine. These data demonstrating the prevalence of EphA2 in bladder cancers and efficacy of EphA2-ILs-DTXp in PDX models support the clinical exploration of EphA2 targeting in bladder cancer.
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15
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Koufopoulou M, Miranda PAP, Kazmierska P, Deshpande S, Gaitonde P. Clinical evidence for the first-line treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma: Current paradigms and emerging treatment options. Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 89:102072. [PMID: 32769039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) have poor outcomes, with 5-year survival rates of <5% for those with metastatic, stage IV disease. We have reviewed current treatment paradigms and emerging treatment options for these patients. METHODS The websites of seven national or international organizations were searched for metastatic UC treatment guidelines. Systematic literature reviews were conducted to identify evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of chemotherapy for patients with previously untreated, unresectable, stage IV UC. Searches included congress databases and articles published between 1990 and 2018. In order to align with the latest treatment paradigms in first-line advanced UC, a focused literature search was conducted to identify evidence supporting immuno-oncology (IO) agents. RESULTS For advanced UC, guidelines universally recommend cisplatin-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment for eligible patients and carboplatin-based regimens for those unfit to receive cisplatin. Despite the evaluation of a number of different cytotoxic regimens over the years, including triplet combinations, survival outcomes have not improved markedly with chemotherapy. Median overall survival with standard of care chemotherapy is ~13 months. Based on the results of single-arm, phase II studies, recent treatment guidelines have included atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) and pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) as first-line options for cisplatin-ineligible patients whose tumors express high levels of PD-L1. However, emerging evidence from RCTs of IO agents, including both cisplatin-eligible and cisplatin-ineligible patients, suggest that survival times exceeding 20 months are possible. CONCLUSIONS After having reached a plateau with chemotherapy, the treatment landscape for advanced UC is evolving. Survival outcomes for patients with advanced UC are improving with treatment modalities involving IO agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sohan Deshpande
- Evidence Synthesis, Modeling & Communication, Evidera, London, UK
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16
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Yeh BW, Yu LE, Li CC, Yang JC, Li WM, Wu YC, Wei YC, Lee HT, Kung ML, Wu WJ. The protoapigenone analog WYC0209 targets CD133+ cells: A potential adjuvant agent against cancer stem cells in urothelial cancer therapy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 402:115129. [PMID: 32673656 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is one of the highest incidence cancers that rank the fourth commonly diagnosed tumors worldwide. The unresectable lesions that are resistant to therapeutic interventions is the major cause leading to death. Previous studies had shown that the resistance and metastatic consequence may arise from cancer stem-like cells population. The phytochemical flavonoids have promised bioactivity and potent anti-carcinogenic effects, and trap great attentions for cancer chemoprevention and/or adjuvant chemotherapy. However, the mechanisms of flavonoids on cancer stemness is still obscured. In this study, we analyzed the biofunctional effects of as-prepared flavonoid derivative-WYC0209 on T24, BFTC905 and BFTC909 human UC cell lines. Our results demonstrated that WYC0209 significantly induced anti-cell viability on UC cells through decreased Akt/NFkB signaling. Moreover, WYC0209 enhanced the cell apoptosis through activated the caspase-3 activity and inactivated Bcl-xL expression. Interestingly, WYC0209 dramatically inhibited the cancer stem cells (CSCs) traits, including attenuation of side population and tumorsphere formation in which were through declined EMT-CSCs markers including MDR1, ABCG2 and BMI-1. We further validated the effects of WYC0209 on several CSC surface markers including CD133, CD44, SOX-2 and Nanog. Our results showed that WYC0209 markedly inhibited CD133 expressions in both transcriptional and translational levels. High expression levels of CD133 was also demonstrated in human upper tract UC specimens. In summary, our study showed that WYC0209 may potentially as an adjuvant agent to against CD133-driven UC CSCs and provide a beneficial strategy to against UC cancer therapeutics resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Wen Yeh
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-En Yu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chia Li
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Cohort Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Juan-Cheng Yang
- Graduate institute of natural products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ming Li
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Cohort Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Ministry of Health and Welfare Pingtung Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Graduate institute of natural products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Wei
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Te Lee
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lang Kung
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Jeng Wu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Cohort Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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17
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Chae HK, Yang JI, An JH, Lee IH, Son MH, Song WJ, Youn HY. Use of oral paclitaxel for the treatment of bladder tumors in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:527-530. [PMID: 32249251 PMCID: PMC7273596 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An oral paclitaxel formulation that overcomes the hypersensitivity reaction of paclitaxel has been evaluated for safety and efficacy in humans, but not in dogs. We present the first case
report on the use of oral paclitaxel in dogs. In this study, oral paclitaxel was well-tolerated in four dogs with either transitional cell carcinoma or prostate cancer; adverse effects were
limited to mild neutropenia. Each of the dogs had progressive disease at the end, but clinical responses, including changes in mass size and improvement of clinical symptoms, were confirmed
in some of the animals following oral paclitaxel chemotherapy. Although this study is somewhat limited by a small sample size, it suggests that oral paclitaxel may be a chemotherapeutic
option for malignant tumors in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Kyu Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-In Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun An
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hyun Lee
- Daehwa Pharmaceutical Company Co., Ltd., Seoul 06699, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hee Son
- Daehwa Pharmaceutical Company Co., Ltd., Seoul 06699, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Song
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterianry Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Youn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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18
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Chen J, Li Y, Li Z, Cao L. LncRNA MST1P2/miR‐133b axis affects the chemoresistance of bladder cancer to cisplatin‐based therapy via Sirt1/p53 signaling. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22452. [PMID: 32052927 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- Department of Urology Surgery, Hunan People's HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha Hunan China
| | - Yuanwei Li
- Department of Urology Surgery, Hunan People's HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha Hunan China
| | - Zhiqiu Li
- Department of Urology Surgery, Hunan People's HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha Hunan China
| | - Lin Cao
- Department of Geriatrics, Hunan People's HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha Hunan China
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19
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Combination of Decitabine and Entinostat Synergistically Inhibits Urothelial Bladder Cancer Cells via Activation of FoxO1. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020337. [PMID: 32028599 PMCID: PMC7073167 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Occurrence of cisplatin-resistance in bladder cancer is frequent and results in disease progression. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches are a high medical need for patients suffering from chemotherapy failure. The purpose of this study was to test the combination of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine (DAC) with the histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat (ENT) in bladder cancer cells with different platinum sensitivities: J82, cisplatin-resistant J82CisR, and RT-112. Intermittent treatment of J82 cells with cisplatin resulted in the six-fold more cisplatin-resistant cell line J82CisR. Combinations of DAC and/or ENT plus cisplatin could not reverse chemoresistance. However, the combination of DAC and ENT acted cytotoxic in a highly synergistic manner as shown by Chou-Talalay analysis via induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Importantly, this effect was cancer cell-selective as no synergism was found for the combination in the non-cancerous urothelial cell line HBLAK. Expression analysis indicated that epigenetic treatment led to up-regulation of forkhead box class O1 (FoxO1) and further activated proapoptotic Bim and the cell cycle regulator p21 and reduced expression of survivin in J82CisR. In conclusion, the combination of DAC and ENT is highly synergistic and has a promising potential for therapy of bladder cancer, particularly in cases with platinum resistance.
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20
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Aly A, Johnson C, Yang S, Botteman MF, Rao S, Hussain A. Overall survival, costs, and healthcare resource use by line of therapy in Medicare patients with newly diagnosed metastatic urothelial carcinoma. J Med Econ 2019; 22:662-670. [PMID: 30836812 PMCID: PMC7384456 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2019.1591424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Medicare patients with metastatic or surgically unresectable urothelial carcinoma (mUC) often receive platinum-based chemotherapy as first line of therapy (LOT), but invariably progress, requiring additional LOTs and healthcare resource use (HCRU). To better understand the evolving mUC treatment landscape, the economic burden of chemotherapy-based mUC treatments among US Medicare patients was estimated. Methods: Newly diagnosed Medicare patients with mUC were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database. Patients were followed from diagnosis to death, disenrollment, or end of study to characterize LOTs (first [LOT1], second [LOT2], and third or greater [LOT3+]). Kaplan-Meier methods were used to estimate overall survival (OS) by LOT. HCRU and mean costs were reported over the follow-up period, LOT duration, and maximum LOT received. Results: Among 1,873 eligible patients with mUC (median age = 77 years; median follow-up = 7.5 months), 1,035 (55%) received no chemotherapy. Among chemotherapy-treated patients, 61% had LOT1 only, 25% had LOT1 and LOT2 only, and 14% had LOT3+. Median OS was 8.1 months, range was 4.3 (untreated) to 29.8 (LOT3+) months. HCRU frequency increased with additional LOTs. Mean cumulative per-patient cost was $82,912 for all patients, increasing with additional LOTs (untreated = $57,207; LOT1 = $99,213; LOT2 = $125,190; LOT3+ = $163,884). Mean per patient per month cost was $18,827 for all patients, decreasing with increasing number of LOTs received (untreated = $27,211; LOT1 = $9,601; LOT2 = $7,325; LOT3+ = $6,017). Limitations: Potential for treatment misclassification when using the algorithm defining LOTs and non-generalizability of results to younger patients. Conclusions: Over 50% of Medicare patients with mUC received no chemotherapy. Among chemotherapy-treated patients, most received only one LOT. Additional LOTs led to higher mean costs and HCRU, but as patients were followed longer, monthly costs decreased. As treatments evolve to include immuno-oncology agents, these findings provide a clinically relevant economic benchmark for mUC treatment across different traditional LOTs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shuo Yang
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Sumati Rao
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Arif Hussain
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center and Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of five new immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of metastatic urothelial cancer represents the first major treatment breakthrough for this disease since the introduction of combination chemotherapy over 30 years ago. This review examines the recent clinical trials leading to FDA approval of these agents, the current challenges facing immunotherapy and areas that require further research. RECENT FINDINGS The programmed death 1 receptor (PD-1) and its ligand programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) are important negative regulators of immune activity, preventing destruction of normal tissues and autoimmunity. Aggressive bladder cancer cells express aberrantly high levels of PD-L1, hijacking the normal immune-regulatory pathway to evade detection and destruction by the immune system. Blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis with immune checkpoint inhibitors augments the immune system's ability to eradicate bladder cancer with impressive safety and tolerability profiles. SUMMARY Recent clinical trials demonstrate that patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma are responsive to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Optimal treatment regimens are still under development, but activity has been demonstrated in both the first and second-line setting for metastatic disease.
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Flannery K, Boyd M, Black-Shinn J, Robert N, Kamat AM. Outcomes in patients with metastatic bladder cancer in the USA: a retrospective electronic medical record study. Future Oncol 2019; 15:1323-1334. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Investigate the effectiveness of chemotherapy for first-line (1L) treatment of metastatic bladder cancer (mBC). Methods: Retrospective cohort study evaluating treatment patterns/outcomes in 1155 mBC patients receiving initial treatment in the community practice setting from January 2010 to June 2014, and followed through July 2016. Results: The most commonly utilized 1L and second-line (2L) regimens were platinum-based and taxane-based, respectively. Median (95% CI) OS for all patients from 1L initiation was 12.8 months (11.7–14.6), and median OS for all 2L regimens was 9.4 months (8.2–11.1). Conclusion: mBC patients eligible for and who received cis-based regimens experienced better OS results. Poor renal function was a key driver of cis-ineligibility. The various monotherapy and combination chemotherapy regimens in 2L produced relatively short OS outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marley Boyd
- The US Oncology Network/McKesson Specialty Health, The Woodlands, TX 77380, USA
| | - Jenny Black-Shinn
- The US Oncology Network/McKesson Specialty Health, The Woodlands, TX 77380, USA
| | - Nicholas Robert
- The US Oncology Network/McKesson Specialty Health, The Woodlands, TX 77380, USA
| | - Ashish M Kamat
- Department of Urology, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Sikic D, Wirtz RM, Wach S, Dyrskjøt L, Erben P, Bolenz C, Breyer J, Otto W, Hoadley KA, Lerner SP, Eckstein M, Hartmann A, Keck B. Androgen Receptor mRNA Expression in Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: A Retrospective Analysis of Two Independent Cohorts. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:661-668. [PMID: 30831560 PMCID: PMC6403442 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Gender-specific differences have led to the androgen receptor (AR) being considered a possible factor in the pathophysiology of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB), but the exact role remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The association of AR mRNA expression with clinicopathological features was retrospectively analyzed in two previously described cohorts. The first cohort consisted of 41 patients with all stages of UCB treated at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. The second cohort consisted of 323 patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) accumulated by the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network. RESULTS: AR mRNA expression is significantly higher in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) when compared to MIBC (P = .0004), with no relevant changes within the different stages of MIBC. AR mRNA expression was significantly associated with TCGA molecular subtypes (P < .0001). In the total cohort, there was no association between AR expression and gender (P = .23). When analyzed separately, females showed a significantly worse disease-free (P = .03) and overall survival (P = .02) when expressing AR mRNA above median level, while the same was not observed for men. Multivariable Cox's regression analyses revealed AR mRNA expression to be an independent prognostic marker for disease-free survival in women (P = .007). CONCLUSIONS: AR mRNA expression is significantly higher in NMIBC than in MIBC, while high AR mRNA expression is associated with worse survival in females with MIBC. Further studies need to investigate the gender-specific role of AR in UCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijel Sikic
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Ralph M Wirtz
- STRATIFYER Molecular Pathology GmbH, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Sven Wach
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Lars Dyrskjøt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Philipp Erben
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Christian Bolenz
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Johannes Breyer
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Otto
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Katherine A Hoadley
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Seth P Lerner
- Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Bastian Keck
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Oluyadi F, Ramachandran P, Gotlieb V. A Rare Case of Advanced Urethral Diverticular Adenocarcinoma and a Review of Treatment Modalities. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2019; 7:2324709619828408. [PMID: 30739492 PMCID: PMC6376544 DOI: 10.1177/2324709619828408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Female urethral diverticular cancer is a very rare entity with only around 100 cases reported so far in literature and accounts for <1% of all malignancies. In this article, we present a 47-year-old African American female with repeated hospital visits for urinary retention, hematuria, and urinary tract infections. Initial computed tomography imaging and cystoscopy was unremarkable except for a distended urinary bladder. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging and corresponding cystoscopy eventually indicated the presence of a urethral diverticulum. She underwent urethral diverticulectomy and was found to have a mass arising from urethral diverticulum extending to vaginal walls. Her biopsy was suggestive of invasive adenocarcinoma in advanced stages, for which she subsequently underwent a total pelvic exenteration. Next-generation sequencing of the tumor showed CDKN2A/B loss, MSI-stable, and low TMB, thereby ruling out the options for targeted therapies. Extensive literature search and expert opinions were sought for her case since no consensus exists regarding the optimal therapeutic approach due to the rarity of this tumor. A final decision was made to treat her with platinum-based chemotherapy. Different treatment approaches including neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery, surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, and surgery followed by chemoradiation have been tried. Platinum-based chemotherapy has generally been preferred based on an extensive literature search. Multimodality treatment approach seems to be the current approach to management for advanced stages for better overall survival. This case illustrates the challenges faced in making diagnosis and treatment decisions due to the rarity of this type of tumor and lack of consensus in the treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatai Oluyadi
- 1 Brookdale University Hospitals and Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Vladmir Gotlieb
- 1 Brookdale University Hospitals and Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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25
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Kulkarni GS, Black PC, Sridhar SS, Kapoor A, Zlotta AR, Shayegan B, Rendon RA, Chung P, van der Kwast T, Alimohamed N, Fradet Y, Kassouf W. Canadian Urological Association guideline: Muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Can Urol Assoc J 2019; 13:230-238. [PMID: 30763236 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.5902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Girish S Kulkarni
- Division of Urology, Departments of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter C Black
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Srikala S Sridhar
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandre R Zlotta
- Division of Urology, Departments of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bobby Shayegan
- Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ricardo A Rendon
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Peter Chung
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Nimira Alimohamed
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Yves Fradet
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Wassim Kassouf
- Department of Urology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
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26
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Similar to bladder cancer, more than 95% tumors of the upper urinary tract are urothelial carcinoma. At initial diagnosis approximately 60% of the tumors are already invasive. In case of distant metastasis (M+) there is no benefit of radical nephroureterectomy. In those cases, systemic therapy is indicated. OBJECTIVES The aim of this article is to present a systematic overview of different therapies in patients with metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). RESULTS Currently there are insufficient data upon which the recommendations for treatment of locally advanced and metastatic UTUC can be based. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the gold standard in first-line treatment of metastatic UTUC. Due to a lower toxicity compared to MVAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin plus cisplatin), gemcitabine and cisplatin have become standard. However, carboplatin-based chemotherapies should not be considered interchangeable. Immunomodulatory therapies using checkpoint inhibition, particularly with antibodies directed against PD-1 (programmed cell death 1), PD-L1 (programmed cell death ligand 1) or CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T‑lymphocyte antigen-4) have shown significant antitumor activity with tolerable safety profiles and durable responses in patients with locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma. In those patients, unfit for cisplatin-based chemotherapy, good response rates have been reported in case of a positive PD-L1 status. However, preliminary data of the KEYNOTE-361 and IMvigor130 studies showed a reduced survival in case of low PD-L1 expression.
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27
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Yang Y, Zhang LJ, Bai XG, Xu HJ, Jin ZL, Ding M. Synergistic antitumour effects of triptolide plus gemcitabine in bladder cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1307-1316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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28
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Hodgson A, Liu SK, Vesprini D, Xu B, Downes MR. Basal-subtype bladder tumours show a ‘hot’ immunophenotype. Histopathology 2018; 73:748-757. [DOI: 10.1111/his.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anjelica Hodgson
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Stanley K Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Danny Vesprini
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Michelle R Downes
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
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29
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Gao F, Wang X, Chen S, Xu T, Wang X, Shen Y, Dong F, Zhong S, Shen Z. CIP2A depletion potentiates the chemosensitivity of cisplatin by inducing increased apoptosis in bladder cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:2445-2454. [PMID: 30106121 PMCID: PMC6151887 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor response and chemotherapy resistance to cisplatin (DDP)-based therapy frequently lead to treatment failure in advanced bladder cancer; however the underlying mechanism is extremely complex and unclear. Furthermore, cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A), a recently identified human oncoprotein, has been shown to play important regulatory roles in cancer cell survival. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation of CIP2A with sensitivity to DDP in bladder cancer cells. In the present study, knockdown of CIP2A was performed using short hairpin-RNA. IC50 determination was used to estimate the chemosensitivity of cells to DDP. Apoptosis and DNA damage indicators were tested in vitro and in vivo to clarify the role of CIP2A in enhancing DDP sensitivity. We observed that CIP2A knockdown enhanced DDP sensitivity. CIP2A depletion accelerated the process of DNA damage caused by DDP treatment. Furthermore, DDP triggered inhibition of CIP2A by preventing AKT Ser473 phosphorylation. In vivo, CIP2A suppression increased the cytotoxicity of DDP, which resulted in a decrease in the subcutaneous tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. Our findings revealed that the mechanism underlying the involvement of CIP2A in DDP sensitivity enhancement is that CIP2A mediates DDP-induced cell apoptosis and DNA damage. CIP2A is a potential target to improve the response to DDP-based therapy in bladder cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengbin Gao
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to The School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to The School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Shanwen Chen
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Tianyuan Xu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to The School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Xianjin Wang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Shen
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Fan Dong
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Shan Zhong
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Zhoujun Shen
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to The School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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30
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Raggi D, Necchi A, Giannatempo P. Nivolumab and its use in the second-line treatment of metastatic urothelial cancer. Future Oncol 2018; 14:2683-2690. [PMID: 29927336 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nivolumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody blocking PD-1 with demonstrated effectiveness against metastatic urothelial carcinoma. In this review, we describe the pharmacological properties of nivolumab and the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma with this checkpoint inhibitor after the failure of first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Cancer immunotherapy by checkpoint inhibition offers potential to prolong patient survival with well manageable toxicity although serious immune-related adverse events may occur. The overall response rate to nivolumab after first-line chemotherapy is about 20%. Patients unfit for cisplatin may benefit from first-line cancer immunotherapy. It remains unclear which patient will respond and PD-1/PD-L1 expression alone is not a sufficiently reliable predictive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Raggi
- Deptartment of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Necchi
- Deptartment of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Giannatempo
- Deptartment of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
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31
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Farina MS, Lundgren KT, Bellmunt J. Immunotherapy in Urothelial Cancer: Recent Results and Future Perspectives. Drugs 2017; 77:1077-1089. [PMID: 28493171 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-017-0748-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic chemotherapy has been the only systemic treatment of locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma for decades. Long-term survival remains stagnant around 12-14 months for patients with advanced disease who have progressed on or recurred after receiving first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Improving clinical outcomes for patients with urothelial carcinoma in all disease settings requires the development of novel treatments, especially for patients who failed on first-line chemotherapy. Since the discovery of intravesical Bacillus-Calmette Guerin (BCG) in the 1970s for non-muscle invasive disease, there have not been any major breakthrough drugs that exploit the immune-sensitivity of bladder cancer until recently. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors targeting the programmed death 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) pathways have shown significant anti-tumor activity, tolerable safety profiles and durable, long-term responses in clinical trials. Atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, nivolumab and pembrolizumab are promising PD-1/PD-L1 blockade drugs under investigation that will redefine the standard of care for bladder cancer. CTLA-4 inhibitors are also under investigation in this setting. Atezolizumab, approved in May 2016, and nivolumab, approved in February 2017, are the first Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved immune-checkpoint inhibitors in bladder cancer for platinum-pretreated patients based on phase II data. On March 16, 2017, results from the phase III trial KEYNOTE-045 demonstrated that survival was significantly longer in patients treated with pembrolizumab when compared with the standard second-line chemotherapy. Research into biomarkers such as PD-L1 expression, messenger RNA subtype, mutational and neoantigen load and gene signature expression will be crucial to determining why some patients respond to immunotherapy and others do not. This review article describes the advances in immunotherapy since the development of BCG, presents results from clinical trials investigating immune-checkpoint inhibitors and discusses biomarkers and prognostic factors associated with response to these new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Farina
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, DANA 1230, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kevin T Lundgren
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, DANA 1230, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Joaquim Bellmunt
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, DANA 1230, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Doctor Aiguader, 88, 1st Floor, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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32
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Bellmunt J, Kerst J, Vázquez F, Morales-Barrera R, Grande E, Medina A, González Graguera M, Rubio G, Anido U, Fernández Calvo O, González-Billalabeitia E, Van den Eertwegh A, Pujol E, Perez-Gracia J, González Larriba J, Collado R, Los M, Maciá S, De Wit R. A randomized phase II/III study of cabazitaxel versus vinflunine in metastatic or locally advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium (SECAVIN). Ann Oncol 2017; 28:1517-1522. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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John BA, Said N. Insights from animal models of bladder cancer: recent advances, challenges, and opportunities. Oncotarget 2017; 8:57766-57781. [PMID: 28915710 PMCID: PMC5593682 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (urothelial cancer of the bladder) is the most common malignancy affecting the urinary system with increasing incidence and mortality. Treatment of bladder cancer has not advanced in the past 30 years. Therefore, there is a crucial unmet need for novel therapies, especially for high grade/stage disease that can only be achieved by preclinical model systems that faithfully recapitulate the human disease. Animal models are essential elements in bladder cancer research to comprehensively study the multistep cascades of carcinogenesis, progression and metastasis. They allow for the investigation of premalignant phases of the disease that are not clinically encountered. They can be useful for identification of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for disease progression and for preclinical identification and validation of therapeutic targets/candidates, advancing translation of basic research to clinic. This review summarizes the latest advances in the currently available bladder cancer animal models, their translational potential, merits and demerits, and the prevalent tumor evaluation modalities. Thereby, findings from these model systems would provide valuable information that can help researchers and clinicians utilize the model that best answers their research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bincy Anu John
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Neveen Said
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Urology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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34
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Lee RFS, Chernobrovkin A, Rutishauser D, Allardyce CS, Hacker D, Johnsson K, Zubarev RA, Dyson PJ. Expression proteomics study to determine metallodrug targets and optimal drug combinations. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1590. [PMID: 28484215 PMCID: PMC5431558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging technique termed functional identification of target by expression proteomics (FITExP) has been shown to identify the key protein targets of anti-cancer drugs. Here, we use this approach to elucidate the proteins involved in the mechanism of action of two ruthenium(II)-based anti-cancer compounds, RAPTA-T and RAPTA-EA in breast cancer cells, revealing significant differences in the proteins upregulated. RAPTA-T causes upregulation of multiple proteins suggesting a broad mechanism of action involving suppression of both metastasis and tumorigenicity. RAPTA-EA bearing a GST inhibiting ethacrynic acid moiety, causes upregulation of mainly oxidative stress related proteins. The approach used in this work could be applied to the prediction of effective drug combinations to test in cancer chemotherapy clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald F S Lee
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexey Chernobrovkin
- Karolinska Institute, Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Scheeles väg 2, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dorothea Rutishauser
- Karolinska Institute, Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Scheeles väg 2, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claire S Allardyce
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Hacker
- Protein Expression Core Facility, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kai Johnsson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roman A Zubarev
- Karolinska Institute, Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Scheeles väg 2, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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35
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Nogova L, Sequist LV, Perez Garcia JM, Andre F, Delord JP, Hidalgo M, Schellens JH, Cassier PA, Camidge DR, Schuler M, Vaishampayan U, Burris HA, Tian GG, Campone M, Wainberg ZA, Lim WT, LoRusso P, Shapiro GI, Parker K, Chen X, Choudhury S, Ringeisen F, Graus-Porta D, Porter D, Isaacs R, Buettner R, Wolf J. Evaluation of BGJ398, a Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1-3 Kinase Inhibitor, in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Harboring Genetic Alterations in Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors: Results of a Global Phase I, Dose-Escalation and Dose-Expansion Study. J Clin Oncol 2017; 35:157-165. [PMID: 27870574 PMCID: PMC6865065 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.67.2048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This two-part, first-in-human study was initiated in patients with advanced solid tumors harboring genetic alterations in fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), the recommended phase II dose (RP2D), and the schedule, safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and antitumor activity of oral BGJ398, a selective FGFR1-3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Patients and Methods Adult patients were treated with escalating dosages of BGJ398 5 to 150 mg once daily or 50 mg twice daily continuously in 28-day cycles. During expansion at the MTD, patients with FGFR1-amplified squamous cell non-small-cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC; arm 1) or other solid tumors with FGFR genetic alterations (mutations/amplifications/fusions) received BGJ398 daily on a continuous schedule (arm 2), or on a 3-weeks-on/1-week-off schedule (arm 3). Results Data in 132 patients from the escalation and expansion arms are reported (May 15, 2015, cutoff). The MTD, 125 mg daily, was determined on the basis of dose-limiting toxicities in four patients (100 mg, grade 3 aminotransferase elevations [n = 1]; 125 mg, hyperphosphatemia [n = 1]; 150 mg, grade 1 corneal toxicity [n = 1] and grade 3 aminotransferase elevations [n = 1]). Common adverse events in patients treated at the MTD (n = 57) included hyperphosphatemia (82.5%), constipation (50.9%), decreased appetite (45.6%), and stomatitis (45.6%). A similar safety profile was observed using the 3-weeks-on/1-week-off schedule (RP2D). However, adverse event-related dose adjustments/interruptions were less frequent with the 3-weeks-on/1-week-off (50.0%) versus the continuous (73.7%) schedule. Antitumor activity (seven partial responses [six confirmed]) was demonstrated with BGJ398 doses ≥ 100 mg in patients with FGFR1-amplified sqNSCLC and FGFR3-mutant bladder/urothelial cancer. Conclusion BGJ398 at the MTD/RP2D had a tolerable and manageable safety profile and showed antitumor activity in several tumor types, including FGFR1-amplified sqNSCLC and FGFR3-mutant bladder/urothelial cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Nogova
- Lucia Nogova, Reinhard Buettner, and Jürgen Wolf, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Martin Schuler, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Jose Manuel Perez Garcia, Vall d'Hebron Institut d’Oncologia, Barcelona; Manuel Hidalgo, START Madrid; Manuel Hidalgo, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; Fabrice Andre, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Jean-Pierre Delord, Institute Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse; Philippe A. Cassier, Centre Regional Leon-Berard, Lyon; Mario Campone, Institute de Cancerologie de l’Ouest-René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Jan H.M. Schellens, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; D. Ross Camidge, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Ulka Vaishampayan, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Howard A. Burris, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville; G. Gary Tian, The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Zev A. Wainberg, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre, Singapore; Patricia LoRusso, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Katie Parker, Xueying Chen, Somesh Choudhury, and Randi Isaacs, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Dale Porter, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Francois Ringeisen, Novartis Pharma AG; and Diana Graus-Porta, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lecia V. Sequist
- Lucia Nogova, Reinhard Buettner, and Jürgen Wolf, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Martin Schuler, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Jose Manuel Perez Garcia, Vall d'Hebron Institut d’Oncologia, Barcelona; Manuel Hidalgo, START Madrid; Manuel Hidalgo, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; Fabrice Andre, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Jean-Pierre Delord, Institute Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse; Philippe A. Cassier, Centre Regional Leon-Berard, Lyon; Mario Campone, Institute de Cancerologie de l’Ouest-René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Jan H.M. Schellens, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; D. Ross Camidge, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Ulka Vaishampayan, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Howard A. Burris, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville; G. Gary Tian, The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Zev A. Wainberg, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre, Singapore; Patricia LoRusso, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Katie Parker, Xueying Chen, Somesh Choudhury, and Randi Isaacs, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Dale Porter, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Francois Ringeisen, Novartis Pharma AG; and Diana Graus-Porta, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jose Manuel Perez Garcia
- Lucia Nogova, Reinhard Buettner, and Jürgen Wolf, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Martin Schuler, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Jose Manuel Perez Garcia, Vall d'Hebron Institut d’Oncologia, Barcelona; Manuel Hidalgo, START Madrid; Manuel Hidalgo, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; Fabrice Andre, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Jean-Pierre Delord, Institute Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse; Philippe A. Cassier, Centre Regional Leon-Berard, Lyon; Mario Campone, Institute de Cancerologie de l’Ouest-René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Jan H.M. Schellens, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; D. Ross Camidge, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Ulka Vaishampayan, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Howard A. Burris, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville; G. Gary Tian, The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Zev A. Wainberg, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre, Singapore; Patricia LoRusso, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Katie Parker, Xueying Chen, Somesh Choudhury, and Randi Isaacs, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Dale Porter, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Francois Ringeisen, Novartis Pharma AG; and Diana Graus-Porta, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabrice Andre
- Lucia Nogova, Reinhard Buettner, and Jürgen Wolf, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Martin Schuler, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Jose Manuel Perez Garcia, Vall d'Hebron Institut d’Oncologia, Barcelona; Manuel Hidalgo, START Madrid; Manuel Hidalgo, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; Fabrice Andre, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Jean-Pierre Delord, Institute Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse; Philippe A. Cassier, Centre Regional Leon-Berard, Lyon; Mario Campone, Institute de Cancerologie de l’Ouest-René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Jan H.M. Schellens, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; D. Ross Camidge, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Ulka Vaishampayan, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Howard A. Burris, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville; G. Gary Tian, The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Zev A. Wainberg, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre, Singapore; Patricia LoRusso, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Katie Parker, Xueying Chen, Somesh Choudhury, and Randi Isaacs, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Dale Porter, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Francois Ringeisen, Novartis Pharma AG; and Diana Graus-Porta, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Delord
- Lucia Nogova, Reinhard Buettner, and Jürgen Wolf, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Martin Schuler, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Jose Manuel Perez Garcia, Vall d'Hebron Institut d’Oncologia, Barcelona; Manuel Hidalgo, START Madrid; Manuel Hidalgo, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; Fabrice Andre, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Jean-Pierre Delord, Institute Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse; Philippe A. Cassier, Centre Regional Leon-Berard, Lyon; Mario Campone, Institute de Cancerologie de l’Ouest-René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Jan H.M. Schellens, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; D. Ross Camidge, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Ulka Vaishampayan, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Howard A. Burris, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville; G. Gary Tian, The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Zev A. Wainberg, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre, Singapore; Patricia LoRusso, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Katie Parker, Xueying Chen, Somesh Choudhury, and Randi Isaacs, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Dale Porter, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Francois Ringeisen, Novartis Pharma AG; and Diana Graus-Porta, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Lucia Nogova, Reinhard Buettner, and Jürgen Wolf, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Martin Schuler, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Jose Manuel Perez Garcia, Vall d'Hebron Institut d’Oncologia, Barcelona; Manuel Hidalgo, START Madrid; Manuel Hidalgo, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; Fabrice Andre, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Jean-Pierre Delord, Institute Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse; Philippe A. Cassier, Centre Regional Leon-Berard, Lyon; Mario Campone, Institute de Cancerologie de l’Ouest-René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Jan H.M. Schellens, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; D. Ross Camidge, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Ulka Vaishampayan, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Howard A. Burris, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville; G. Gary Tian, The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Zev A. Wainberg, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre, Singapore; Patricia LoRusso, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Katie Parker, Xueying Chen, Somesh Choudhury, and Randi Isaacs, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Dale Porter, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Francois Ringeisen, Novartis Pharma AG; and Diana Graus-Porta, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan H.M. Schellens
- Lucia Nogova, Reinhard Buettner, and Jürgen Wolf, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Martin Schuler, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Jose Manuel Perez Garcia, Vall d'Hebron Institut d’Oncologia, Barcelona; Manuel Hidalgo, START Madrid; Manuel Hidalgo, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; Fabrice Andre, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Jean-Pierre Delord, Institute Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse; Philippe A. Cassier, Centre Regional Leon-Berard, Lyon; Mario Campone, Institute de Cancerologie de l’Ouest-René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Jan H.M. Schellens, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; D. Ross Camidge, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Ulka Vaishampayan, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Howard A. Burris, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville; G. Gary Tian, The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Zev A. Wainberg, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre, Singapore; Patricia LoRusso, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Katie Parker, Xueying Chen, Somesh Choudhury, and Randi Isaacs, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Dale Porter, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Francois Ringeisen, Novartis Pharma AG; and Diana Graus-Porta, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe A. Cassier
- Lucia Nogova, Reinhard Buettner, and Jürgen Wolf, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Martin Schuler, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Jose Manuel Perez Garcia, Vall d'Hebron Institut d’Oncologia, Barcelona; Manuel Hidalgo, START Madrid; Manuel Hidalgo, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; Fabrice Andre, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Jean-Pierre Delord, Institute Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse; Philippe A. Cassier, Centre Regional Leon-Berard, Lyon; Mario Campone, Institute de Cancerologie de l’Ouest-René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Jan H.M. Schellens, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; D. Ross Camidge, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Ulka Vaishampayan, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Howard A. Burris, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville; G. Gary Tian, The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Zev A. Wainberg, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre, Singapore; Patricia LoRusso, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Katie Parker, Xueying Chen, Somesh Choudhury, and Randi Isaacs, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Dale Porter, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Francois Ringeisen, Novartis Pharma AG; and Diana Graus-Porta, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D. Ross Camidge
- Lucia Nogova, Reinhard Buettner, and Jürgen Wolf, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Martin Schuler, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Jose Manuel Perez Garcia, Vall d'Hebron Institut d’Oncologia, Barcelona; Manuel Hidalgo, START Madrid; Manuel Hidalgo, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; Fabrice Andre, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Jean-Pierre Delord, Institute Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse; Philippe A. Cassier, Centre Regional Leon-Berard, Lyon; Mario Campone, Institute de Cancerologie de l’Ouest-René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Jan H.M. Schellens, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; D. Ross Camidge, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Ulka Vaishampayan, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Howard A. Burris, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville; G. Gary Tian, The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Zev A. Wainberg, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre, Singapore; Patricia LoRusso, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Katie Parker, Xueying Chen, Somesh Choudhury, and Randi Isaacs, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Dale Porter, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Francois Ringeisen, Novartis Pharma AG; and Diana Graus-Porta, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schuler
- Lucia Nogova, Reinhard Buettner, and Jürgen Wolf, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Martin Schuler, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Jose Manuel Perez Garcia, Vall d'Hebron Institut d’Oncologia, Barcelona; Manuel Hidalgo, START Madrid; Manuel Hidalgo, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; Fabrice Andre, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Jean-Pierre Delord, Institute Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse; Philippe A. Cassier, Centre Regional Leon-Berard, Lyon; Mario Campone, Institute de Cancerologie de l’Ouest-René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Jan H.M. Schellens, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; D. Ross Camidge, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Ulka Vaishampayan, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Howard A. Burris, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville; G. Gary Tian, The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Zev A. Wainberg, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre, Singapore; Patricia LoRusso, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Katie Parker, Xueying Chen, Somesh Choudhury, and Randi Isaacs, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Dale Porter, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Francois Ringeisen, Novartis Pharma AG; and Diana Graus-Porta, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulka Vaishampayan
- Lucia Nogova, Reinhard Buettner, and Jürgen Wolf, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Martin Schuler, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Jose Manuel Perez Garcia, Vall d'Hebron Institut d’Oncologia, Barcelona; Manuel Hidalgo, START Madrid; Manuel Hidalgo, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; Fabrice Andre, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Jean-Pierre Delord, Institute Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse; Philippe A. Cassier, Centre Regional Leon-Berard, Lyon; Mario Campone, Institute de Cancerologie de l’Ouest-René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Jan H.M. Schellens, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; D. Ross Camidge, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Ulka Vaishampayan, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Howard A. Burris, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville; G. Gary Tian, The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Zev A. Wainberg, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre, Singapore; Patricia LoRusso, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Katie Parker, Xueying Chen, Somesh Choudhury, and Randi Isaacs, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Dale Porter, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Francois Ringeisen, Novartis Pharma AG; and Diana Graus-Porta, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Howard A. Burris
- Lucia Nogova, Reinhard Buettner, and Jürgen Wolf, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Martin Schuler, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Jose Manuel Perez Garcia, Vall d'Hebron Institut d’Oncologia, Barcelona; Manuel Hidalgo, START Madrid; Manuel Hidalgo, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; Fabrice Andre, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Jean-Pierre Delord, Institute Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse; Philippe A. Cassier, Centre Regional Leon-Berard, Lyon; Mario Campone, Institute de Cancerologie de l’Ouest-René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Jan H.M. Schellens, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; D. Ross Camidge, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Ulka Vaishampayan, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Howard A. Burris, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville; G. Gary Tian, The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Zev A. Wainberg, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre, Singapore; Patricia LoRusso, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Katie Parker, Xueying Chen, Somesh Choudhury, and Randi Isaacs, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Dale Porter, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Francois Ringeisen, Novartis Pharma AG; and Diana Graus-Porta, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - G. Gary Tian
- Lucia Nogova, Reinhard Buettner, and Jürgen Wolf, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Martin Schuler, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Jose Manuel Perez Garcia, Vall d'Hebron Institut d’Oncologia, Barcelona; Manuel Hidalgo, START Madrid; Manuel Hidalgo, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; Fabrice Andre, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Jean-Pierre Delord, Institute Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse; Philippe A. Cassier, Centre Regional Leon-Berard, Lyon; Mario Campone, Institute de Cancerologie de l’Ouest-René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Jan H.M. Schellens, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; D. Ross Camidge, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Ulka Vaishampayan, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Howard A. Burris, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville; G. Gary Tian, The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Zev A. Wainberg, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre, Singapore; Patricia LoRusso, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Katie Parker, Xueying Chen, Somesh Choudhury, and Randi Isaacs, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Dale Porter, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Francois Ringeisen, Novartis Pharma AG; and Diana Graus-Porta, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mario Campone
- Lucia Nogova, Reinhard Buettner, and Jürgen Wolf, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Martin Schuler, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Jose Manuel Perez Garcia, Vall d'Hebron Institut d’Oncologia, Barcelona; Manuel Hidalgo, START Madrid; Manuel Hidalgo, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; Fabrice Andre, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Jean-Pierre Delord, Institute Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse; Philippe A. Cassier, Centre Regional Leon-Berard, Lyon; Mario Campone, Institute de Cancerologie de l’Ouest-René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Jan H.M. Schellens, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; D. Ross Camidge, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Ulka Vaishampayan, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Howard A. Burris, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville; G. Gary Tian, The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Zev A. Wainberg, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre, Singapore; Patricia LoRusso, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Katie Parker, Xueying Chen, Somesh Choudhury, and Randi Isaacs, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Dale Porter, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Francois Ringeisen, Novartis Pharma AG; and Diana Graus-Porta, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zev A. Wainberg
- Lucia Nogova, Reinhard Buettner, and Jürgen Wolf, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Martin Schuler, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Jose Manuel Perez Garcia, Vall d'Hebron Institut d’Oncologia, Barcelona; Manuel Hidalgo, START Madrid; Manuel Hidalgo, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; Fabrice Andre, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Jean-Pierre Delord, Institute Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse; Philippe A. Cassier, Centre Regional Leon-Berard, Lyon; Mario Campone, Institute de Cancerologie de l’Ouest-René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Jan H.M. Schellens, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; D. Ross Camidge, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Ulka Vaishampayan, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Howard A. Burris, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville; G. Gary Tian, The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Zev A. Wainberg, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre, Singapore; Patricia LoRusso, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Katie Parker, Xueying Chen, Somesh Choudhury, and Randi Isaacs, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Dale Porter, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Francois Ringeisen, Novartis Pharma AG; and Diana Graus-Porta, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wan-Teck Lim
- Lucia Nogova, Reinhard Buettner, and Jürgen Wolf, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Martin Schuler, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Jose Manuel Perez Garcia, Vall d'Hebron Institut d’Oncologia, Barcelona; Manuel Hidalgo, START Madrid; Manuel Hidalgo, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; Fabrice Andre, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Jean-Pierre Delord, Institute Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse; Philippe A. Cassier, Centre Regional Leon-Berard, Lyon; Mario Campone, Institute de Cancerologie de l’Ouest-René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Jan H.M. Schellens, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; D. Ross Camidge, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Ulka Vaishampayan, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Howard A. Burris, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville; G. Gary Tian, The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Zev A. Wainberg, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre, Singapore; Patricia LoRusso, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Katie Parker, Xueying Chen, Somesh Choudhury, and Randi Isaacs, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Dale Porter, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Francois Ringeisen, Novartis Pharma AG; and Diana Graus-Porta, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patricia LoRusso
- Lucia Nogova, Reinhard Buettner, and Jürgen Wolf, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Martin Schuler, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Jose Manuel Perez Garcia, Vall d'Hebron Institut d’Oncologia, Barcelona; Manuel Hidalgo, START Madrid; Manuel Hidalgo, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; Fabrice Andre, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Jean-Pierre Delord, Institute Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse; Philippe A. Cassier, Centre Regional Leon-Berard, Lyon; Mario Campone, Institute de Cancerologie de l’Ouest-René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Jan H.M. Schellens, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; D. Ross Camidge, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Ulka Vaishampayan, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Howard A. Burris, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville; G. Gary Tian, The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Zev A. Wainberg, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre, Singapore; Patricia LoRusso, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Katie Parker, Xueying Chen, Somesh Choudhury, and Randi Isaacs, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Dale Porter, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Francois Ringeisen, Novartis Pharma AG; and Diana Graus-Porta, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Geoffrey I. Shapiro
- Lucia Nogova, Reinhard Buettner, and Jürgen Wolf, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Martin Schuler, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Jose Manuel Perez Garcia, Vall d'Hebron Institut d’Oncologia, Barcelona; Manuel Hidalgo, START Madrid; Manuel Hidalgo, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; Fabrice Andre, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Jean-Pierre Delord, Institute Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse; Philippe A. Cassier, Centre Regional Leon-Berard, Lyon; Mario Campone, Institute de Cancerologie de l’Ouest-René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Jan H.M. Schellens, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; D. Ross Camidge, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Ulka Vaishampayan, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Howard A. Burris, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville; G. Gary Tian, The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Zev A. Wainberg, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre, Singapore; Patricia LoRusso, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Katie Parker, Xueying Chen, Somesh Choudhury, and Randi Isaacs, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Dale Porter, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Francois Ringeisen, Novartis Pharma AG; and Diana Graus-Porta, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katie Parker
- Lucia Nogova, Reinhard Buettner, and Jürgen Wolf, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Martin Schuler, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Jose Manuel Perez Garcia, Vall d'Hebron Institut d’Oncologia, Barcelona; Manuel Hidalgo, START Madrid; Manuel Hidalgo, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; Fabrice Andre, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Jean-Pierre Delord, Institute Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse; Philippe A. Cassier, Centre Regional Leon-Berard, Lyon; Mario Campone, Institute de Cancerologie de l’Ouest-René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Jan H.M. Schellens, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; D. Ross Camidge, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Ulka Vaishampayan, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Howard A. Burris, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville; G. Gary Tian, The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Zev A. Wainberg, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre, Singapore; Patricia LoRusso, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Katie Parker, Xueying Chen, Somesh Choudhury, and Randi Isaacs, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Dale Porter, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Francois Ringeisen, Novartis Pharma AG; and Diana Graus-Porta, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xueying Chen
- Lucia Nogova, Reinhard Buettner, and Jürgen Wolf, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Martin Schuler, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Jose Manuel Perez Garcia, Vall d'Hebron Institut d’Oncologia, Barcelona; Manuel Hidalgo, START Madrid; Manuel Hidalgo, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; Fabrice Andre, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Jean-Pierre Delord, Institute Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse; Philippe A. Cassier, Centre Regional Leon-Berard, Lyon; Mario Campone, Institute de Cancerologie de l’Ouest-René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Jan H.M. Schellens, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; D. Ross Camidge, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Ulka Vaishampayan, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Howard A. Burris, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville; G. Gary Tian, The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Zev A. Wainberg, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre, Singapore; Patricia LoRusso, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Katie Parker, Xueying Chen, Somesh Choudhury, and Randi Isaacs, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Dale Porter, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Francois Ringeisen, Novartis Pharma AG; and Diana Graus-Porta, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Somesh Choudhury
- Lucia Nogova, Reinhard Buettner, and Jürgen Wolf, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Martin Schuler, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Jose Manuel Perez Garcia, Vall d'Hebron Institut d’Oncologia, Barcelona; Manuel Hidalgo, START Madrid; Manuel Hidalgo, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; Fabrice Andre, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Jean-Pierre Delord, Institute Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse; Philippe A. Cassier, Centre Regional Leon-Berard, Lyon; Mario Campone, Institute de Cancerologie de l’Ouest-René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Jan H.M. Schellens, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; D. Ross Camidge, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Ulka Vaishampayan, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Howard A. Burris, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville; G. Gary Tian, The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Zev A. Wainberg, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre, Singapore; Patricia LoRusso, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Katie Parker, Xueying Chen, Somesh Choudhury, and Randi Isaacs, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Dale Porter, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Francois Ringeisen, Novartis Pharma AG; and Diana Graus-Porta, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francois Ringeisen
- Lucia Nogova, Reinhard Buettner, and Jürgen Wolf, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Martin Schuler, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Jose Manuel Perez Garcia, Vall d'Hebron Institut d’Oncologia, Barcelona; Manuel Hidalgo, START Madrid; Manuel Hidalgo, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; Fabrice Andre, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Jean-Pierre Delord, Institute Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse; Philippe A. Cassier, Centre Regional Leon-Berard, Lyon; Mario Campone, Institute de Cancerologie de l’Ouest-René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Jan H.M. Schellens, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; D. Ross Camidge, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Ulka Vaishampayan, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Howard A. Burris, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville; G. Gary Tian, The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Zev A. Wainberg, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre, Singapore; Patricia LoRusso, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Katie Parker, Xueying Chen, Somesh Choudhury, and Randi Isaacs, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Dale Porter, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Francois Ringeisen, Novartis Pharma AG; and Diana Graus-Porta, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Diana Graus-Porta
- Lucia Nogova, Reinhard Buettner, and Jürgen Wolf, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Martin Schuler, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Jose Manuel Perez Garcia, Vall d'Hebron Institut d’Oncologia, Barcelona; Manuel Hidalgo, START Madrid; Manuel Hidalgo, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; Fabrice Andre, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Jean-Pierre Delord, Institute Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse; Philippe A. Cassier, Centre Regional Leon-Berard, Lyon; Mario Campone, Institute de Cancerologie de l’Ouest-René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Jan H.M. Schellens, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; D. Ross Camidge, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Ulka Vaishampayan, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Howard A. Burris, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville; G. Gary Tian, The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Zev A. Wainberg, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre, Singapore; Patricia LoRusso, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Katie Parker, Xueying Chen, Somesh Choudhury, and Randi Isaacs, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Dale Porter, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Francois Ringeisen, Novartis Pharma AG; and Diana Graus-Porta, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dale Porter
- Lucia Nogova, Reinhard Buettner, and Jürgen Wolf, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Martin Schuler, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Jose Manuel Perez Garcia, Vall d'Hebron Institut d’Oncologia, Barcelona; Manuel Hidalgo, START Madrid; Manuel Hidalgo, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; Fabrice Andre, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Jean-Pierre Delord, Institute Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse; Philippe A. Cassier, Centre Regional Leon-Berard, Lyon; Mario Campone, Institute de Cancerologie de l’Ouest-René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Jan H.M. Schellens, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; D. Ross Camidge, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Ulka Vaishampayan, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Howard A. Burris, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville; G. Gary Tian, The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Zev A. Wainberg, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre, Singapore; Patricia LoRusso, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Katie Parker, Xueying Chen, Somesh Choudhury, and Randi Isaacs, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Dale Porter, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Francois Ringeisen, Novartis Pharma AG; and Diana Graus-Porta, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Randi Isaacs
- Lucia Nogova, Reinhard Buettner, and Jürgen Wolf, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Martin Schuler, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Jose Manuel Perez Garcia, Vall d'Hebron Institut d’Oncologia, Barcelona; Manuel Hidalgo, START Madrid; Manuel Hidalgo, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; Fabrice Andre, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Jean-Pierre Delord, Institute Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse; Philippe A. Cassier, Centre Regional Leon-Berard, Lyon; Mario Campone, Institute de Cancerologie de l’Ouest-René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Jan H.M. Schellens, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; D. Ross Camidge, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Ulka Vaishampayan, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Howard A. Burris, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville; G. Gary Tian, The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Zev A. Wainberg, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre, Singapore; Patricia LoRusso, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Katie Parker, Xueying Chen, Somesh Choudhury, and Randi Isaacs, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Dale Porter, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Francois Ringeisen, Novartis Pharma AG; and Diana Graus-Porta, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Buettner
- Lucia Nogova, Reinhard Buettner, and Jürgen Wolf, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Martin Schuler, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Jose Manuel Perez Garcia, Vall d'Hebron Institut d’Oncologia, Barcelona; Manuel Hidalgo, START Madrid; Manuel Hidalgo, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; Fabrice Andre, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Jean-Pierre Delord, Institute Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse; Philippe A. Cassier, Centre Regional Leon-Berard, Lyon; Mario Campone, Institute de Cancerologie de l’Ouest-René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Jan H.M. Schellens, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; D. Ross Camidge, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Ulka Vaishampayan, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Howard A. Burris, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville; G. Gary Tian, The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Zev A. Wainberg, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre, Singapore; Patricia LoRusso, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Katie Parker, Xueying Chen, Somesh Choudhury, and Randi Isaacs, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Dale Porter, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Francois Ringeisen, Novartis Pharma AG; and Diana Graus-Porta, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Wolf
- Lucia Nogova, Reinhard Buettner, and Jürgen Wolf, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Martin Schuler, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Jose Manuel Perez Garcia, Vall d'Hebron Institut d’Oncologia, Barcelona; Manuel Hidalgo, START Madrid; Manuel Hidalgo, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; Fabrice Andre, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Jean-Pierre Delord, Institute Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse; Philippe A. Cassier, Centre Regional Leon-Berard, Lyon; Mario Campone, Institute de Cancerologie de l’Ouest-René Gauducheau, Nantes, France; Jan H.M. Schellens, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; D. Ross Camidge, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Ulka Vaishampayan, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Howard A. Burris, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville; G. Gary Tian, The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Zev A. Wainberg, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre, Singapore; Patricia LoRusso, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Katie Parker, Xueying Chen, Somesh Choudhury, and Randi Isaacs, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Dale Porter, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Francois Ringeisen, Novartis Pharma AG; and Diana Graus-Porta, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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Kameyama K, Horie K, Mizutani K, Kato T, Fujita Y, Kawakami K, Kojima T, Miyazaki T, Deguchi T, Ito M. Enzalutamide inhibits proliferation of gemcitabine-resistant bladder cancer cells with increased androgen receptor expression. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:75-84. [PMID: 27909718 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced bladder cancer is treated mainly with gemcitabine and cisplatin, but most patients eventually become resistance. Androgen receptor (AR) signaling has been implicated in bladder cancer as well as other types of cancer including prostate cancer. In this study, we investigated the expression and role of AR in gemcitabine-resistant bladder cancer cells and also the potential of enzalutamide, an AR inhibitor, as a therapeutic for the chemoresistance. First of all, we established gemcitabine-resistant T24 cells (T24GR) from T24 bladder cancer cells and performed gene expression profiling. Microarray analysis revealed upregulation of AR expression in T24GR cells compared with T24 cells. AR mRNA and protein expression was confirmed to be increased in T24GR cells, respectively, by quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis, which was associated with more potent AR transcriptional activity as measured by luciferase reporter assay. The copy number of AR gene in T24GR cells determined by PCR was twice as many as that of T24 cells. AR silencing by siRNA transfection resulted in inhibition of proliferation of T24GR cells. Cell culture in charcoal-stripped serum and treatment with enzalutamide inhibited growth of T24GR cells, which was accompanied by cell cycle arrest. AR transcriptional activity was found to be reduced in T24GR cells by enzalutamide treatment. Lastly, enzalutamide also inhibited cell proliferation of HTB5 bladder cancer cells that express AR and possess intrinsic resistance to gemcitabine. Our results suggest that enzalutamide may have the potential to treat patients with advanced gemcitabine-resistant bladder cancer with increased AR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kameyama
- Department of Urology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kengo Horie
- Department of Urology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kosuke Mizutani
- Department of Urology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Taku Kato
- Department of Urology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yasunori Fujita
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Kyojiro Kawakami
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Toshio Kojima
- Health Support Center, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tenpaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Miyazaki
- Division of Pathology, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takashi Deguchi
- Department of Urology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ito
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
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37
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Houédé N, Locker G, Lucas C, Parra HS, Basso U, Spaeth D, Tambaro R, Basterretxea L, Morelli F, Theodore C, Lusuardi L, Lainez N, Guillot A, Tonini G, Bielle J, Del Muro XG. Epicure: a European epidemiological study of patients with an advanced or metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma (UC) having progressed to a platinum-based chemotherapy. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:752. [PMID: 27664126 PMCID: PMC5035464 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2782-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Platinum-based systemic chemotherapy is considered the backbone for management of advanced urothelial carcinomas. However there is a lack of real world data on the use of such chemotherapy regimens, on patient profiles and on management after treatment failure. Methods Fifty-one randomly selected physicians from 4 European countries registered 218 consecutive patients in progression or relapse following a first platinum-based chemotherapy. Patient characteristics, tumor history and treatment regimens, as well as the considerations of physicians on the management of urothelial carcinoma were recorded. Results A systemic platinum-based regimen had been administered as the initial chemotherapy in 216 patients: 15 in the neoadjuvant setting, 61 in adjuvant therapy conditions, 137 in first-line advanced setting and 3 in other conditions. Of these patients, 76 (35 %) were initially considered as cisplatin-unfit, mainly because of renal impairment (52 patients). After platinum failure, renal impairment was observed in 44 % of patients, ECOG Performance Status ≥ 2 in 17 %, hemoglobinemia < 10 g/dL in 16 %, hepatic metastases in 13 %. 80 % of these patients received further anticancer therapy. Immediately after failure of adjuvant/neoadjuvant chemotherapy, most subsequent anticancer treatments were chemotherapy doublets (35/58), whereas after therapy failure in the advanced setting most patients receiving further anticancer drugs were treated with a single agent (80/114). After first progression to chemotherapy, treatment decisions were mainly driven by Performance Status and prior response to chemotherapy (>30 % patients). The most frequent all-settings second anticancer therapy regimen was vinflunine (70 % of single-agent and 42 % of all subsequent treatments), the main reasons evoked by physicians (>1 out of 4) being survival benefit, safety and phase III evidence. Conclusion In this daily practice experience, a majority of patients with urothelial carcinoma previously treated with a platinum-based therapy received a second chemotherapy regimen, most often a single agent after an initial chemotherapy in the advanced setting and preferably a cytotoxic combination after a neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy. Performance Status and prior response to chemotherapy were the main drivers of further treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Houédé
- Institut de Cancérologie du Gard - CHU Caremeau, 30029, Nîmes, Cedex 9, France.
| | - G Locker
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Währinger Gürtel.18-20, 1090, Vienne, Austria
| | - C Lucas
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, 45 place Abel Gance, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - H Soto Parra
- Oncologia Medica, P.O Gaspare Rodolico, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - U Basso
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Dipartmento di Oncologia Clinica e Sperimentale, Oncologia Medica 1, via Gattamelata 64, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - D Spaeth
- Centre d'Oncologie de Gentilly, 2 rue Marie Marvingt, 54100, Nancy, France
| | - R Tambaro
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - L Basterretxea
- Hospital Universitario Donostia, Begiristain Doktorea Pasealekua 117-20080, Donostia, Gipuzkoa - San Sebastián, Spain
| | - F Morelli
- Fondazione Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Oncologia, Viale Cappuccini 1, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - C Theodore
- Hopital Foch, 40 rue Worth, 92150, Suresnes, France
| | - L Lusuardi
- Reparto di Urologia - Ospedale di Bressanone, Via Dante 51, 39042, Bressanone, Italy
| | - N Lainez
- Hospital de Navarra - Virgen del Camino, Oncología Médica, Calle de Irunlarrea, 4 planta baja, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - A Guillot
- Institut de cancérologie de la Loire, 108 bis avenue Albert Raimond, 42271, Saint Priest en Jarez, Cedex, France
| | - G Tonini
- Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-medico Oncologia Medica, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Roma, Italy
| | - J Bielle
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, 45 place Abel Gance, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - X Garcia Del Muro
- ICO L'Hospitalet, Avinguda Granvia, 199-203, 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Alfred Witjes J, Lebret T, Compérat EM, Cowan NC, De Santis M, Bruins HM, Hernández V, Espinós EL, Dunn J, Rouanne M, Neuzillet Y, Veskimäe E, van der Heijden AG, Gakis G, Ribal MJ. Updated 2016 EAU Guidelines on Muscle-invasive and Metastatic Bladder Cancer. Eur Urol 2016; 71:462-475. [PMID: 27375033 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1051] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Invasive bladder cancer is a frequently occurring disease with a high mortality rate despite optimal treatment. The European Association of Urology (EAU) Muscle-invasive and Metastatic Bladder Cancer (MIBC) Guidelines are updated yearly and provides information to optimise diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of this patient population. OBJECTIVE To provide a summary of the EAU guidelines for physicians and patients confronted with muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION An international multidisciplinary panel of bladder cancer experts reviewed and discussed the results of a comprehensive literature search of several databases covering all sections of the guidelines. The panel defined levels of evidence and grades of recommendation according to an established classification system. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Epidemiology and aetiology of bladder cancer are discussed. The proper diagnostic pathway, including demands for pathology and imaging, is outlined. Several treatment options, including bladder-sparing treatments and combinations of treatment modalities (different forms of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy) are described. Sequencing of these modalities is discussed. Potential indications and contraindications, such as comorbidity, are related to treatment choice. There is a new paragraph on organ-sparing approaches, both in men and in women, and on minimal invasive surgery. Recommendations for chemotherapy in fit and unfit patients are provided including second-line options. Finally, a follow-up schedule is provided. CONCLUSIONS The current summary of the EAU Muscle-invasive and Metastatic Bladder Cancer Guidelines provides an up-to-date overview of the available literature and evidence dealing with diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients with metastatic and muscle-invasive bladder cancer. PATIENT SUMMARY Bladder cancer is an important disease with a high mortality rate. These updated guidelines help clinicians refine the diagnosis and select the appropriate therapy and follow-up for patients with metastatic and muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alfred Witjes
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Thierry Lebret
- Hôpital Foch, Department of Urology, University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Suresnes, France
| | - Eva M Compérat
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital La Pitié Salpetrière, UPMC, Paris, France
| | - Nigel C Cowan
- Radiology Department, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Maria De Santis
- University of Warwick, Cancer Research Unit, Coventry, UK; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Harman Maxim Bruins
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Virginia Hernández
- Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - James Dunn
- Department of Urology, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK
| | - Mathieu Rouanne
- Hôpital Foch, Department of Urology, University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Suresnes, France
| | - Yann Neuzillet
- Hôpital Foch, Department of Urology, University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Suresnes, France
| | - Erik Veskimäe
- Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Georgios Gakis
- Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maria J Ribal
- Department of Urology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Treatment of relapsed urothelial bladder cancer with vinflunine: real-world evidence by the Hellenic Genitourinary Cancer Group. Anticancer Drugs 2016; 27:48-53. [PMID: 26421462 PMCID: PMC4885529 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Relapsed urothelial cancer represents an unmet medical need. Vinflunine is a third-generation antimicrotubuline inhibitor and is currently the only approved drug for second-line treatment across the European Union. We conducted a retrospective analysis assessing the efficacy and safety of vinflunine in 71 Greek patients with relapsed urothelial cancer who were treated between 2005 and 2014. An overall 84% of our patients received vinflunine as second-line treatment, 77% had a performance status of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scale 0 or 1, and 30% had liver metastasis at the time of vinflunine administration. A median of four cycles of vinflunine were administered (range 1–16). The most common reported adverse events were constipation, fatigue, and anemia. Median progression-free survival was 6.2 months (95% confidence interval: 4.4–8.8) and overall survival was 11.9 months (95% confidence interval: 7.4–21). Two patients (3%) achieved a complete remission, seven a partial remission (10%), and 22 (31%) had stable disease according to an intention-to-treat analysis. Hemoglobin level less than 10 g/dl and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status greater than 1 were independent adverse prognostic factors. Stratification according to the Bellmunt risk model was also associated with progression-free survival and overall survival in our population. Vinflunine appears to be a safe and effective treatment modality for relapsed urothelial cancer. More effective therapies and more accurate prognostic algorithms should be sought.
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Médioni J, Di Palma M, Guillot A, Spaeth D, Théodore C. Efficacy and safety of Vinflunine for advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma in routine practice based on the French multi-centre CURVE study. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:217. [PMID: 26975779 PMCID: PMC4792100 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To retrospectively assess the efficacy and safety of Vinflunine (VFL) under routine conditions and identify overall survival (OS) prognostic factors. METHODS Twenty centres participated in the retrospective study (minimum 4 patients undergoing VFL treatment for advanced/metastatic UC after platinum-based regimen progression. Primary endpoint was OS. Secondary endpoints: progression-free survival (PFS), radiological response rate (RR) RECIST criteria and toxicity (CTC NCI v3). RESULTS These centres enrolled 134 patients. Prior chemotherapy (CT) lines (≥ 1 palliative): 1 and ≥ 2 in 69% and 26% of patients, respectively. Performance status (PS): 0, 1, 2 in 25%, 46% and 23% of patients. Median OS = 8.2 months [6.5-9.4], PFS = 4.2 months and RR 22%, median number of 5 cycles. In risk groups based on 0-3 presence of adverse prognostic factors (PS ≥ 1, haemoglobin ≤ 10 g/dl and liver metastasis), median OS: 13.2, 9.9, 3.6, and 2.4 months (P < .0001), respectively; 3.3 months (1.9-5.6) in PS ≥ 2 subgroup. CONCLUSION This study reflects routine UC management and confirmed VFL patient efficacy. The drug is safe with gastro-intestinal and haematological prophylaxis. Analysis of prognostic factors for OS is consistent with pivotal trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Médioni
- />Medical Oncology Department, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mario Di Palma
- />Department of Medicine, Gustave Roussy Institute, 114 Rue Édouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Aline Guillot
- />Lucien Neuwirth Institute of Cancerology, 108 B Avenue Albert Raimond, 42270 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Dominique Spaeth
- />Gentilly Oncology Centre, 2 rue Marie Marvingt, 54100 Nancy, France
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41
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Bellmunt J, Mottet N, De Santis M. Urothelial carcinoma management in elderly or unfit patients. EJC Suppl 2016; 14:1-20. [PMID: 27358584 PMCID: PMC4917740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcsup.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Bellmunt
- Bladder Cancer Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicolas Mottet
- Department of Urology, CHU de Saint-Etienne, University Jean Monnet, St Etienne, France
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42
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Ma L, Xu Z, Xu C, Jiang X. MicroRNA-148a represents an independent prognostic marker in bladder cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:7915-20. [PMID: 26700670 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4688-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study has demonstrated the roles of microRNA-148a (miR-148a) on apoptosis of bladder cancer cells. The goal of this study was to investigate whether the miR-148a expression level could serve as a new biomarker for the prognosis of bladder cancer patients. We collected a total of 126 bladder cancer samples. The expression level of miR-148a was determined with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the overall survival. Cox regression analysis was further used to identify prognostic factors. The expression levels of miR-148a in bladder cancer tissues were identified (1.5 ± 0.3; P < 0.001). The bladder cancer patients in the low-expression group more frequently had a high tumor grade (P = 0.025), increased tumor recurrence (P = 0.002), and advanced lymph node (LN) metastasis (P = 0.001). Patient survival analysis revealed a clear positive correlation between miR-148a expression level and survival time of bladder cancer patients (P = 0.005, log-rank = 7.714). In univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, we found that a low-expression level of miR-148a (P = 0.018), tumor grade (P = 0.006), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001), and recurrence (P < 0.001) were associated with the prognosis of bladder cancer. In multivariate analysis, we found that miR-148a expression (RR = 0.206, 95 % CI 0.095-0.813, P = 0.029), tumor grade (RR = 0.714, 95 % CI 0.224-0.958, P = 0.714), lymph node metastasis (RR = 6.604, 95 % CI 3.192-12.547, P < 0.001), and recurrence (RR = 15.126, 95 % CI 6.714-22.025, P < 0.001) retained significance as an independent prognostic factor of bladder cancer survival (Table 3). All results have showed that miR-148a expression was decreased in bladder cancer specimens and reduced miR-148a expression was associated with poorer survival time, indicating that miR-148a may become a candidate factor for predicting the prognosis of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shan Dong University, No. 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan City, 250012, China
| | - Zhishun Xu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shan Dong University, No. 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan City, 250012, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Urology, Reproductive Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xianzhou Jiang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shan Dong University, No. 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan City, 250012, China.
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Miglietta G, Gouda AS, Cogoi S, Pedersen EB, Xodo LE. Nucleic Acid Targeted Therapy: G4 Oligonucleotides Downregulate HRAS in Bladder Cancer Cells through a Decoy Mechanism. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:1179-83. [PMID: 26713101 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study we have demonstrated that two neighboring G-quadruplexes, hras-1 and hras-2, located immediately upstream of the major transcription start site of HRAS, bind MAZ, a nuclear factor that activates transcription (Cogoi, S.; et al. Nucl. Acid Res. 2014, 42, 8379). For the present study we have designed G4 oligonucleotides with anthraquinone insertions and locked nucleic acids (LNA) modifications mimicking quadruplex hras-1. Luciferase, qRT-PCR, and Western blot data demonstrate that these constructs efficiently down regulate HRAS in T24 bladder cancer cells. The inhibitory efficiency of the G4 oligonucleotides correlates with their nuclease resistance in the cell environment. By chromatin immunoprecipitation we show that the association of MAZ to the HRAS promoter is strongly attenuated by the designed G4 oligonucleotides, thus suggesting that these constructs behave with a decoy mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Miglietta
- Department
of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Alaa S. Gouda
- Nucleic
Acid Center, Institute of Physics and Chemistry, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Susanna Cogoi
- Department
of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Erik B. Pedersen
- Nucleic
Acid Center, Institute of Physics and Chemistry, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Luigi E. Xodo
- Department
of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Yeh BW, Li WM, Li CC, Kang WY, Huang CN, Hour TC, Liu ZM, Wu WJ, Huang HS. Histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A resensitizes gemcitabine resistant urothelial carcinoma cells via suppression of TG-interacting factor. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 290:98-106. [PMID: 26589485 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) has been widely used for advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC). However, resistance to this remedy has been noticed. We have demonstrated that increase of TG-interacting factor (TGIF) in specimens is associated with worse prognosis of upper tract UC (UTUC) patients. The roles of TGIF in the gemcitabine resistance of UC were explored. Specimens of 23 locally advanced/advanced stage UTUC patients who received GC systemic chemotherapy after radical nephroureterectomy were collected to evaluate the alterations of TGIF in the resistance to the remedy by using immunohistochemistry. In vitro characterizations of mechanisms mediating TGIF in gemcitabine resistance were conducted by analyzing NTUB1 cells and their gemcitabine-resistant subline, NGR cells. Our results show that increased TGIF is significantly associated with chemo-resistance, poor progression-free survival, and higher cancer-related deaths of UTUC patients. Higher increases of TGIF, p-AKT(Ser473) and invasive ability were demonstrated in NGR cells. Overexpression of TGIF in NTUB1 cells upregulated p-AKT(Ser473) activation, enhanced migration ability, and attenuated cellular sensitivity to gemcitabine. Knockdown of TGIF in NGR cells downregulated p-AKT(Ser473) activation, declined migration ability, and enhanced cellular sensitivity to gemcitabine. In addition, histone deacetylases inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) inhibited TGIF, p-AKT(Ser473) expression and migration ability. Synergistic effects of gemcitabine and TSA on NGR cells were also demonstrated. Collectively, TGIF contributes to the gemcitabine resistance of UC via AKT activation. Combined treatment with gemcitabine and TSA might be a promising therapeutic remedy to improve the gemcitabine resistance of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Wen Yeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ming Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chia Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yi Kang
- Department of Pathology, Kuo General Hospital, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nung Huang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzyh-Chyuan Hour
- Institute of Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Miao Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jeng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Huei-Sheng Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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45
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Salah S, Lee JL, Rozzi A, Kitamura H, Matsumoto K, Srinivas S, Morales-Barrera R, Carles J, Al-Wardat R, Al-Rabi K, Maakoseh M. Second-Line Chemotherapy for Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Importance of Lymph Node-Only Metastasis as a Prognostic Factor and Construction of a Prognostic Model. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2015; 14:255-60. [PMID: 26552764 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A prognostic model for patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) progressing after platinum-based therapy was constructed from data from the phase III vinflunine trial. However, prognostic information for patients treated with other regimens is limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS We pooled individual patient data from 7 second-line studies and analyzed the influence of factors of interest on overall survival (OS) through univariate and multivariate analysis. A prognostic model was constructed, and data from an independent series were used for validation. RESULTS The data from 193 patients were pooled. The second-line chemotherapy regimen was single-agent taxane in 54 patients (28%), a platinum-based combination in 47 (24%), and a non-platinum combination in 92 (48%). On multivariate analysis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥ 1, hemoglobin < 10 g/dL, and metastatic patterns other than lymph node-only metastasis emerged as independent adverse prognostic factors. Patients with all 3 factors (poor risk), 1 to 2 factors (intermediate risk), and no factors (good risk) had a median OS of 3.1, 8.7, and 16.5 months, respectively (P < .0001). The corresponding median OS for the validation series (n = 44) was 3.3, 8.1, and 13.3 months (P = .023). Furthermore, platinum-based regimens were independently associated with an OS benefit compared with other regimens (hazard ratio, 0.31; 95% confidence interval, 0.18-0.53; P < .0001). CONCLUSION We have proposed and validated a prognostic model for patients with metastatic UC who were eligible for second-line therapy. The proposed model could prove helpful for risk stratification. Furthermore, our data suggest that testing second-line platinum-based regimens in randomized trials is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Salah
- Medical Oncology Department, King Hussein Cancer Center, Al-Jubeiha, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Jae-Lyun Lee
- Department of Oncology and Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Antonio Rozzi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto Neurotraumatologico Italiano, Grottaferrata, Italy
| | - Hiroshi Kitamura
- Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Matsumoto
- Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sandy Srinivas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
| | - Rafael Morales-Barrera
- Genitourinary, CNS and Sarcoma Tumor Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d´ Hebron Institute of Oncology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles
- Genitourinary, CNS and Sarcoma Tumor Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d´ Hebron Institute of Oncology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rami Al-Wardat
- Medical Oncology Department, King Hussein Cancer Center, Al-Jubeiha, Amman, Jordan
| | - Kamal Al-Rabi
- Medical Oncology Department, King Hussein Cancer Center, Al-Jubeiha, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Maakoseh
- Medical Oncology Department, King Hussein Cancer Center, Al-Jubeiha, Amman, Jordan
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46
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Zhao B, Grivas PD. Contemporary Systemic Therapy for Urologic Malignancies in Geriatric Patients. Clin Geriatr Med 2015; 31:645-65. [PMID: 26476122 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Current data on systemic therapy in geriatric populations with genitourinary malignancies are largely derived from retrospective analyses of prospectively conducted trials or retrospective reviews. Although extrapolation of these data to real-world patients should be cautious, patients aged 65 years or older with good functional status and minimal comorbidities seem to enjoy similar survival benefit from therapy as their younger counterparts. Chronologic age alone should generally not be used to guide management decisions. Comprehensive geriatric assessment tools and prospective studies in older adults integrating comprehensive geriatric assessment can shed light on the optimal management of urologic malignancies in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Desk R30, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Petros D Grivas
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Desk R35, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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47
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Massari F, Santoni M, Ciccarese C, Brunelli M, Conti A, Santini D, Montironi R, Cascinu S, Tortora G. Emerging concepts on drug resistance in bladder cancer: Implications for future strategies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 96:81-90. [PMID: 26022449 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination chemotherapies with methotrexate plus vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin (MVAC or CMV regimens) or gemcitabine plus cisplatin represent the standard as first-line therapy for patients with metastatic urothelial cancer. In Europe, vinflunine is an option for second-line therapy for patients progressed during first-line or perioperative platinum-containing regimen. Alternative regimens containing taxanes and/or gemcitabine may be valuated case by case. Furthermore, carboplatin should be considered in patients unfit for cisplatin both in the first and second-line setting. Based on these findings, a better comprehension of the mechanisms underlying the development of drug resistance in patients with bladder cancer will represent a major step forward in optimizing patients' outcome. This article reviews the current knowledge of the mechanisms and emerging strategies to overcome resistance in patients with advanced urothelial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Massari
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Medical Oncology, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Chiara Ciccarese
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Brunelli
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostic, A.O.U.I., University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Conti
- Department of Clinic and Specialistic Sciences-Urology, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Italy
| | - Daniele Santini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefano Cascinu
- Medical Oncology, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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48
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Lombard AP, Mooso BA, Libertini SJ, Lim RM, Nakagawa RM, Vidallo KD, Costanzo NC, Ghosh PM, Mudryj M. miR-148a dependent apoptosis of bladder cancer cells is mediated in part by the epigenetic modifier DNMT1. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:757-67. [PMID: 25865490 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder (UCCB) is the most common form of bladder cancer and it is estimated that ~15,000 people in the United States succumbed to this disease in 2013. Bladder cancer treatment options are limited and research to understand the molecular mechanisms of this disease is needed to design novel therapeutic strategies. Recent studies have shown that microRNAs play pivotal roles in the progression of cancer. miR-148a has been shown to serve as a tumor suppressor in cancers of the prostate, colon, and liver, but its role in bladder cancer has never been elucidated. Here we show that miR-148a is down-regulated in UCCB cell lines. We demonstrate that overexpression of miR-148a leads to reduced cell viability through an increase in apoptosis rather than an inhibition of proliferation. We additionally show that miR-148a exerts this effect partially by attenuating expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). Finally, our studies demonstrate that treating cells with both miR-148a and either cisplatin or doxorubicin is either additive or synergistic in causing apoptosis. These data taken together suggest that miR-148a is a tumor suppressor in UCCB and could potentially serve as a novel therapeutic for this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan P Lombard
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Graduate Group and Biotechnology Program, University of California, Davis, California.,Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California
| | - Benjamin A Mooso
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California
| | - Stephen J Libertini
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California.,Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California
| | - Rebecca M Lim
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Rachel M Nakagawa
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Kathleen D Vidallo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Nicole C Costanzo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Paramita M Ghosh
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California.,Department of Urology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Maria Mudryj
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California.,Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California
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49
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Ye C, Zhao W, Li M, Zhuang J, Yan X, Lu Q, Chang C, Huang X, Zhou J, Xie B, Zhang Z, Yao X, Yan J, Guo H. δ-tocotrienol induces human bladder cancer cell growth arrest, apoptosis and chemosensitization through inhibition of STAT3 pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122712. [PMID: 25849286 PMCID: PMC4388509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E intake has been implicated in reduction of bladder cancer risk. However, the mechanisms remain elusive. Here we reported that δ-tocotrienol (δ-T3), one of vitamin E isomers, possessed the most potent cytotoxic capacity against human bladder cancer cells, compared with other Vitamin E isomers. δ-T3 inhibited cancer cell proliferation and colonogenicity through induction of G1 phase arrest and apoptosis. Western blotting assay revealed that δ-T3 increased the expression levels of cell cycle inhibitors (p21, p27), pro-apoptotic protein (Bax) and suppressed expression levels of cell cycle protein (Cyclin D1), anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1), resulting in the Caspase-3 activation and cleavage of PARP. Moreover, the δ-T3 treatment inhibited ETK phosphorylation level and induced SHP-1 expression, which was correlated with downregulation of STAT3 activation. In line with this, δ-T3 reduced the STAT3 protein level in nuclear fraction, as well as its transcription activity. Knockdown of SHP-1 partially reversed δ-T3-induced cell growth arrest. Importantly, low dose of δ-T3 sensitized Gemcitabine-induced cytotoxic effects on human bladder cancer cells. Overall, our findings demonstrated, for the first time, the cytotoxic effects of δ-T3 on bladder cancer cells and suggest that δ-T3 might be a promising chemosensitization reagent for Gemcitabine in bladder cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxiao Ye
- Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Junlong Zhuang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Xiang Yan
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Qun Lu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Cunjie Chang
- Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The first affiliated hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Bingxian Xie
- Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xin Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The first affiliated hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China
- * E-mail: (JY); (HG)
| | - Hongqian Guo
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- Nanjing Urology Research Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- * E-mail: (JY); (HG)
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50
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Combined expression of S100A4 and Annexin A2 predicts disease progression and overall survival in patients with urothelial carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2014; 32:798-805. [PMID: 24968947 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the expression patterns and prognostic value of S100A4 and Annexin A2 for urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. METHODS AND MATERIALS Immunohistochemical staining for S100A4 and Annexin A2 was performed in 315 archived radical cystectomies and 63 normal specimens. The immunoreactivity of these proteins was correlated to evaluate their clinical significance as prognostic factors. RESULTS Protein levels of S100A4 and Annexin A2 were up-regulated in urothelial carcinoma compared with adjacent nontumor tissues. The increased expressions of S100A4 and Annexin A2 were associated with invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis (P<0.05). High expression of S100A4 correlated with expression of Annexin A2. These alterations in expression were also associated with greater risk of disease progression and decreased chance of carcinoma-specific survival. Further multivariate analysis suggested that expressions of S100A4 and Annexin A2 were independent prognostic indicators for overall survival in urothelial carcinoma. The patients with S100A4-positive/Annexin A2-positive carcinomas presented the lowest 5-year survival rate compared with the other 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS S100A4 and Annexin A2 proteins could be useful prognostic markers to predict tumor progression and prognosis in urothelial carcinoma. The expression patterns of S100A4/Annexin A2 interaction correlated well with the pathologic stage, disease progression, and carcinoma-specific survival. This finding could aid in identifying more biologically aggressive carcinomas and thus patients who might benefit from more intensive adjuvant therapy.
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