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Wankaew N, Chariyavilaskul P, Chamnanphon M, Assawapitaksakul A, Chetruengchai W, Pongpanich M, Shotelersuk V. Genotypic and phenotypic landscapes of 51 pharmacogenes derived from whole-genome sequencing in a Thai population. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263621. [PMID: 35176049 PMCID: PMC8853512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in drug responses in individuals are partly due to genetic variations in pharmacogenes, which differ among populations. Here, genome sequencing of 171 unrelated Thai individuals from all regions of Thailand was used to call star alleles of 51 pharmacogenes by Stargazer, determine allele and genotype frequencies, predict phenotype and compare high-impact variant frequencies between Thai and other populations. Three control genes, EGFR, VDR, and RYR1, were used, giving consistent results. Every individual had at least three genes with variant or altered phenotype. Forty of the 51 pharmacogenes had at least one individual with variant or altered phenotype. Moreover, thirteen genes had at least 25% of individuals with variant or altered phenotype including SLCO1B3 (97.08%), CYP3A5 (88.3%), CYP2C19 (60.82%), CYP2A6 (60.2%), SULT1A1 (56.14%), G6PD (54.39%), CYP4B1 (50.00%), CYP2D6 (48.65%), CYP2F1 (46.41%), NAT2 (40.35%), SLCO2B1 (28.95%), UGT1A1 (28.07%), and SLCO1B1 (26.79%). Allele frequencies of high impact variants from our samples were most similar to East Asian. Remarkably, we identified twenty predicted high impact variants which have not previously been reported. Our results provide information that contributes to the implementation of pharmacogenetic testing in Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries, bringing a step closer to personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natnicha Wankaew
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pajaree Chariyavilaskul
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenomics Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Monpat Chamnanphon
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenomics Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakornnayok, Thailand
| | - Adjima Assawapitaksakul
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanna Chetruengchai
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Monnat Pongpanich
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Age-related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
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Negative correlation of high serum bilirubin with cancer development in adults without hepatobiliary disease. Eur J Cancer Prev 2020; 30:69-75. [DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Seyed Khoei N, Anton G, Peters A, Freisling H, Wagner KH. The Association between Serum Bilirubin Levels and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Results from the Prospective Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) Study in Germany. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E908. [PMID: 32987702 PMCID: PMC7598693 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies have suggested that bilirubin, particularly unconjugated bilirubin (UCB), has substantial anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that protect against oxidative stress-associated diseases such as cancer. Few observational studies have investigated the etiological role of bilirubin in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. In this case-control study, nested in the population-based prospective cohort of the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) study in south Germany, pre-diagnostic circulating UCB concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in 77 CRC cases and their individually matched controls. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between log-transformed UCB levels (log-UCB), standardized per one-standard-deviation (one-SD) increment, and CRC risk. The models were a priori stratified by sex based on previous evidence. In the fully adjusted models, each one-SD increment in log-UCB was indicative of a positive association with CRC risk (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.52-2.79) among men, and of an inverse association (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.34-1.84) among women (Pheterogeneity = 0.4 for differences between men and women). We found little evidence for sex-specific associations of circulating bilirubin with CRC risk, and further studies are needed to confirm or refute the potential associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazlisadat Seyed Khoei
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Gabriele Anton
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (G.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (G.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Heinz Freisling
- Nutritional Methodology and Biostatistics Group, Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), 69372 Lyon, France;
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria;
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4
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Seyed Khoei N, Jenab M, Murphy N, Banbury BL, Carreras-Torres R, Viallon V, Kühn T, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Aleksandrova K, Cross AJ, Weiderpass E, Stepien M, Bulmer A, Tjønneland A, Boutron-Ruault MC, Severi G, Carbonnel F, Katzke V, Boeing H, Bergmann MM, Trichopoulou A, Karakatsani A, Martimianaki G, Palli D, Tagliabue G, Panico S, Tumino R, Sacerdote C, Skeie G, Merino S, Bonet C, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Gil L, Chirlaque MD, Ardanaz E, Myte R, Hultdin J, Perez-Cornago A, Aune D, Tsilidis KK, Albanes D, Baron JA, Berndt SI, Bézieau S, Brenner H, Campbell PT, Casey G, Chan AT, Chang-Claude J, Chanock SJ, Cotterchio M, Gallinger S, Gruber SB, Haile RW, Hampe J, Hoffmeister M, Hopper JL, Hsu L, Huyghe JR, Jenkins MA, Joshi AD, Kampman E, Larsson SC, Le Marchand L, Li CI, Li L, Lindblom A, Lindor NM, Martín V, Moreno V, Newcomb PA, Offit K, Ogino S, Parfrey PS, Pharoah PDP, Rennert G, Sakoda LC, Schafmayer C, Schmit SL, Schoen RE, Slattery ML, Thibodeau SN, Ulrich CM, van Duijnhoven FJB, Weigl K, Weinstein SJ, White E, Wolk A, Woods MO, Wu AH, Zhang X, Ferrari P, Anton G, Peters A, Peters U, Gunter MJ, Wagner KH, Freisling H. Circulating bilirubin levels and risk of colorectal cancer: serological and Mendelian randomization analyses. BMC Med 2020; 18:229. [PMID: 32878631 PMCID: PMC7469292 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01703-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bilirubin, a byproduct of hemoglobin breakdown and purported anti-oxidant, is thought to be cancer preventive. We conducted complementary serological and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to investigate whether alterations in circulating levels of bilirubin are associated with risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). We decided a priori to perform analyses separately in men and women based on suggestive evidence that associations may differ by sex. METHODS In a case-control study nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), pre-diagnostic unconjugated bilirubin (UCB, the main component of total bilirubin) concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in plasma samples of 1386 CRC cases and their individually matched controls. Additionally, 115 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) robustly associated (P < 5 × 10-8) with circulating total bilirubin were instrumented in a 2-sample MR to test for a potential causal effect of bilirubin on CRC risk in 52,775 CRC cases and 45,940 matched controls in the Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium (GECCO), the Colon Cancer Family Registry (CCFR), and the Colorectal Transdisciplinary (CORECT) study. RESULTS The associations between circulating UCB levels and CRC risk differed by sex (Pheterogeneity = 0.008). Among men, higher levels of UCB were positively associated with CRC risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04-1.36; per 1-SD increment of log-UCB). In women, an inverse association was observed (OR = 0.86 (0.76-0.97)). In the MR analysis of the main UGT1A1 SNP (rs6431625), genetically predicted higher levels of total bilirubin were associated with a 7% increase in CRC risk in men (OR = 1.07 (1.02-1.12); P = 0.006; per 1-SD increment of total bilirubin), while there was no association in women (OR = 1.01 (0.96-1.06); P = 0.73). Raised bilirubin levels, predicted by instrumental variables excluding rs6431625, were suggestive of an inverse association with CRC in men, but not in women. These differences by sex did not reach formal statistical significance (Pheterogeneity ≥ 0.2). CONCLUSIONS Additional insight into the relationship between circulating bilirubin and CRC is needed in order to conclude on a potential causal role of bilirubin in CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazlisadat Seyed Khoei
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Neil Murphy
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Barbara L Banbury
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert Carreras-Torres
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL). L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vivian Viallon
- Nutritional Methodology and Biostatistics Group, Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon CEDEX 08, France
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Group Nutrition, Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Amanda J Cross
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Magdalena Stepien
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Andrew Bulmer
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research (AVATAR), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- CESP (Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations), Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- CESP (Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations), Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Franck Carbonnel
- CESP (Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations), Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, Bicêtre University Hospital, Public Assistance Hospitals of Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Verena Katzke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Postdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Manuela M Bergmann
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Postdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | | | - Anna Karakatsani
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- 2nd Pulmonary Medicine Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "ATTIKON" University Hospital, Haidari, Greece
| | | | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network - ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Tagliabue
- Lombardy Cancer Registry Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, "M.P. Arezzo" Hospital, ASP Ragusa, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø (UiT), The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Catalina Bonet
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs. GRANADA, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leire Gil
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa-BIODONOSTIA, Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Maria-Dolores Chirlaque
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Robin Myte
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Hultdin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Nutrition, Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John A Baron
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter T Campbell
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Cancer Centre Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Cotterchio
- Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen B Gruber
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert W Haile
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeroen R Huyghe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amit D Joshi
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ellen Kampman
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Christopher I Li
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noralane M Lindor
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Vicente Martín
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedicine Institute (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL). L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick S Parfrey
- The Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Memorial University Medical School, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gad Rennert
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lori C Sakoda
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Clemens Schafmayer
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stephanie L Schmit
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Robert E Schoen
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Martha L Slattery
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stephen N Thibodeau
- Division of Laboratory Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Korbinian Weigl
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emily White
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael O Woods
- Discipline of Genetics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Anna H Wu
- University of Southern California, Preventative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pietro Ferrari
- Nutritional Methodology and Biostatistics Group, Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon CEDEX 08, France
| | - Gabriele Anton
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Freisling
- Nutritional Methodology and Biostatistics Group, Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon CEDEX 08, France.
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5
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Song MJ, Lee SH, Kim EY, Chang YS. Increased number of subclones in lung squamous cell carcinoma elicits overexpression of immune related genes. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 9:659-669. [PMID: 32676328 PMCID: PMC7354124 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-19-589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Intratumoral heterogeneity is a cause of drug resistance that leads to treatment failure. We investigated the clinical implication of intratumoral heterogeneity inferred from the number of subclones that constituted a tumor and reasoned the etiology of subclonal expansion using RNA sequencing data. Methods Simple nucleotide variation, clinical data, copy number variation, and RNA-sequencing data from 481 The Cancer Genome Atlas-Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (TCGA-LUSC) cases were obtained from the Genomic Data Commons data portal. Clonal status was estimated from the allele frequency of the mutated genes using the SciClone package. Results The number of subclones that comprised a tumor had a positive correlation with the total mutations in a tumor (σ=0.477, P-value <0.001) and tumor stage (σ=0.111, P-value <0.015). Male LUSC tumors had a higher probability of having more subclones than female tumors (2.28 vs. 1.89, P-value =0.002, Welch Two Sample t-test). On comparing the gene expression in the tumors that were comprised of five subclones with those of a single clone, 291 genes were found to be upregulated and 102 genes were found to be downregulated in the five subclone tumors. The upregulated genes included UGT1A10, SRY, FDCSP, MRLM, and EREG, in order of magnitude of upregulation, and the biologic function of the upregulated genes was strongly enriched for the positive regulation of immune processes and inflammatory responses. Conclusions Male LUSC tumors were composed of a greater number of subclones than female tumors. The tumors with large numbers of subclones had overexpressed genes that positively regulated the immune processes and inflammatory responses more than tumors that consisted of a single clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Jin Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Soo Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Meech R, Hu DG, McKinnon RA, Mubarokah SN, Haines AZ, Nair PC, Rowland A, Mackenzie PI. The UDP-Glycosyltransferase (UGT) Superfamily: New Members, New Functions, and Novel Paradigms. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1153-1222. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00058.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) catalyze the covalent addition of sugars to a broad range of lipophilic molecules. This biotransformation plays a critical role in elimination of a broad range of exogenous chemicals and by-products of endogenous metabolism, and also controls the levels and distribution of many endogenous signaling molecules. In mammals, the superfamily comprises four families: UGT1, UGT2, UGT3, and UGT8. UGT1 and UGT2 enzymes have important roles in pharmacology and toxicology including contributing to interindividual differences in drug disposition as well as to cancer risk. These UGTs are highly expressed in organs of detoxification (e.g., liver, kidney, intestine) and can be induced by pathways that sense demand for detoxification and for modulation of endobiotic signaling molecules. The functions of the UGT3 and UGT8 family enzymes have only been characterized relatively recently; these enzymes show different UDP-sugar preferences to that of UGT1 and UGT2 enzymes, and to date, their contributions to drug metabolism appear to be relatively minor. This review summarizes and provides critical analysis of the current state of research into all four families of UGT enzymes. Key areas discussed include the roles of UGTs in drug metabolism, cancer risk, and regulation of signaling, as well as the transcriptional and posttranscriptional control of UGT expression and function. The latter part of this review provides an in-depth analysis of the known and predicted functions of UGT3 and UGT8 enzymes, focused on their likely roles in modulation of levels of endogenous signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Meech
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dong Gui Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ross A. McKinnon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Siti Nurul Mubarokah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alex Z. Haines
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Pramod C. Nair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Rowland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter I. Mackenzie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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Yang K, Fu ZW, Cao YF, Li SN, Du Z, Sun XY, Liu YZ, Yang K, Fang ZZ. New insights for risks of chlorophenols (CPs) exposure: Inhibition of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 206:9-16. [PMID: 29723751 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophenols (CPs) are important pollutants extensively utilized in industry, agriculture and forestry. The present study aims to determine the inhibition of CPs on the activity of the important phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). 100 μM of fourteen CPs were used for preliminary screening using in vitro incubation. Furthermore, half inhibition concentration (IC50) and inhibition kinetics were determined for CPs with significant inhibition towards UGT isoforms. In silico docking was used to explain the inhibition difference among CPs. Multiple UGT isoforms were inhibited by CPs. In silico docking showed that higher free binding energy due to hydrophobic interactions of 2.4-Dichlorophenol (2.4-DCP) or 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol (4C3MP) with UGT1A9 contributed to stronger inhibition potential of 2.4-Dichlorophenol (2.4-DCP) or 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol (4C3MP) towards UGT1A9 than 4-CP. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) was chosen as the representative CPs to determine the IC50 value towards UGT1A6, UGT1A9 and UGT2B7. IC50 was calculated to be 0.33 μM, 0.24 μM and 31.35 μM for the inhibition of PCP towards UGT1A6, UGT1A9 and UGT2B7. PCP was demonstrated to show competitive inhibition towards UGT1A6, UGT1A9 and UGT2B7, and the inhibition kinetic parameters (Ki) was calculated to be 0.18 μM, 0.01 μM and 5.37 μM for the inhibition of PCP towards UGT1A6, UGT1A9 and UGT2B7. All these information will be beneficial for elucidating the risk of CPs exposure from a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Fu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun-Feng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM), Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Sai-Nan Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Zuo Du
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Yong-Zhe Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhong-Ze Fang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China.
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Mehboob H, Tahir IM, Iqbal T, Saleem S, Perveen S, Farooqi A. Effect of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A Polymorphism (rs8330 and rs10929303) on Glucuronidation Status of Acetaminophen. Dose Response 2017; 15:1559325817723731. [PMID: 28932176 PMCID: PMC5598801 DOI: 10.1177/1559325817723731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Interindividual variability in polymorphic uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) ascribed to genetic diversity is associated with relative glucuronidation level among individuals. The present research was aimed to study the effect of 2 important single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs8330 and rs10929303) of UGT1A1 gene on glucuronidation status of acetaminophen in healthy volunteers (n = 109). Among enrolled volunteers, 54.13% were male (n = 59) and 45.87% were female (n = 50). The in vivo activity of UGT1A1 was investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography-based analysis of glucuronidation status (ie, acetaminophen and acetaminophen glucuronide) in human volunteers after oral intake of a single dose (1000 mg) of acetaminophen. The TaqMan SNP genotyping assay was used for UGT1A1 genotyping. The wild-type genotype (C/C) was observed the most frequent one for both SNPs (rs8330 and rs10929303) and associated with fast glucuronidator phenotypes. The distribution of variant genotype (G/G) for SNP rs8330 was observed in 5% of male and 8% of the female population; however, for SNP rs10929303, the G/G genotype was found in 8% of both genders. A trimodal distribution (fast, intermediate, and slow) based on phenotypes was observed. Among the male participants, the glucuronidation phenotypes were observed as 7% slow, 37% intermediate, and 56% fast glucuronidators; however, these findings for the females were slightly different as 8%, 32%, and 60% respectively. The k-statistics revealed a compelling evidence for good concordance between phenotype and genotype with a k value of 1.00 for SNP rs8330 and 0.966 for SNP rs10929303 in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Mehboob
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Mahmood Tahir
- College of Allied Health Professionals, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tahira Iqbal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Saleem
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sofia Perveen
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aboubakker Farooqi
- College of Pharmacy, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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9
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Zhang Y, Hou J, Feng F, Li D, Jiang Q, Li X, Zhao Q, Li BA. Genetic polymorphisms in human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases 1A7 and the risk of gastrointestinal carcinomas: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:66371-66381. [PMID: 29029519 PMCID: PMC5630419 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify the association between gastrointestinal carcinomas (GIC) risk and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) 1A7 polymorphisms through a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Results Seventeen studies were eligible, which included 7738 patients and 18 analyses. First, it was found that compared with non-cancer participants, UGT1A7*1 were significantly decreased in cancer patient groups, especially in hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, and Asian population groups; UGT1A7*2 was significantly increased in hepatocellular carcinoma and Asian population groups; and UGT1A7*3 was significantly increased in hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, Caucasian, and Asian population groups. Second, the UGT1A7 polymorphism alleles contrast model and the categorized UGT 1A7 genotypes were compared, and the outcomes revealed that the ratio of UGT1A7*3 vs *2 increased, which may indicate an increased risk for cancer, especially for the pancreatic carcinoma and Caucasian groups. The ratio of Intermediate vs Low increased as well, which may also indicate an increased risk for GIC. Materials and Methods PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were searched for publications up until May 2017. First, the UGT 1A7 gene polymorphisms genotype in GIC patients were compared with a non-cancer control group, and second, the UGT1A7 polymorphism alleles contrast model and UGT 1A7 genotypes categorized according to enzymatic activity were examined. Conclusions There is a cancer risk associated with increased UGT1A7 *2 for the hepatocellular carcinoma and Asian groups and with increased UGT1A7 *3 for the hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, Caucasian, and Asian groups. Moreover, in Caucasian patients with GIC, the ratio of UGT1A7 *3 vs *2 was increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshi Zhang
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, The 302nd Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110840, P.R. China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Jun Hou
- Research Center for Clinical and Transitional Medicine, The 302nd Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Fan Feng
- Research Center for Clinical and Transitional Medicine, The 302nd Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110840, P.R. China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Qiyu Jiang
- Research Center for Clinical and Transitional Medicine, The 302nd Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Research Center for Clinical and Transitional Medicine, The 302nd Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Qingchun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110840, P.R. China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Bo-An Li
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, The 302nd Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
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10
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Yang N, Sun R, Liao X, Aa J, Wang G. UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) and their related metabolic cross-talk with internal homeostasis: A systematic review of UGT isoforms for precision medicine. Pharmacol Res 2017; 121:169-183. [PMID: 28479371 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are the primary phase II enzymes catalyzing the conjugation of glucuronic acid to the xenobiotics with polar groups for facilitating their clearance. The UGTs belong to a superfamily that consists of diverse isoforms possessing distinct but overlapping metabolic activity. The abnormality or deficiency of UGTs in vivo is highly associated with some diseases, efficacy and toxicity of drugs, and precisely therapeutic personality. Despite the great effects and fruitful results achieved, to date, the expression and functions of individual UGTs have not been well clarified, the inconsistency of UGTs is often observed in human and experimental animals, and the complex regulation factors affecting UGTs have not been systematically summarized. This article gives an overview of updated reports on UGTs involving the various regulatory factors in terms of the genetic, environmental, pathological, and physiological effects on the functioning of individual UGTs, in turn, the dysfunction of UGTs induced disease risk and endo- or xenobiotic metabolism-related toxicity. The complex cross-talk effect of UGTs with internal homeostasis is systematically summarized and discussed in detail, which would be of great importance for personalized precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Runbin Sun
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoying Liao
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiye Aa
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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11
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Hu DG, Mackenzie PI, McKinnon RA, Meech R. Genetic polymorphisms of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) genes and cancer risk. Drug Metab Rev 2016; 48:47-69. [DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2015.1131292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Yeh YS, Tsai HL, Huang CW, Wang JH, Lin YW, Tang HC, Sung YC, Wu CC, Lu CY, Wang JY. Prospective analysis of UGT1A1 promoter polymorphism for irinotecan dose escalation in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with bevacizumab plus FOLFIRI as the first-line setting: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2016; 17:46. [PMID: 26811156 PMCID: PMC4727397 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Irinotecan is approved and widely administered to metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients; however, it can cause severe toxicities including neutropenia and diarrhea. The polymorphisms of genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes can play a crucial role in the increased susceptibility of cancer patients to chemotherapy toxicity. Therefore, we plan to explore the effect of the genetic polymorphism of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) for irinotecan detoxification in mCRC patients. This trial will compare the clinical outcomes and side effects observed in mCRC patients treated with bevacizumab plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin/irinotecan (FOLFIRI) with and without UGT1A1 genotyping and irinotecan dose escalation. A total of 400 mCRC patients were randomized into a study group and a control group. Methods/Design This trial is a prospective, multicenter, randomized clinical trial comparing UGT1A1 promoter polymorphism for irinotecan dose escalation in mCRC patients administered with bevacizumab plus FOLFIRI as the first-line setting. The enrolled patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups, a study group and a control group, on the basis of receiving UGT1A1 genotyping or not. The study group receive a biweekly FOLFIRI regimen, with irinotecan dose escalation based on UGT1A1 genotyping; whereas the control group receive the conventional biweekly FOLFIRI regimen without UGT1A1 genotyping. The clinicopathological features, response rates, toxicity, and progression-free survival or overall survival will be compared between the two groups. Discussion Patients with mCRC undergoing UGT1A1 genotyping may receive escalated doses of irinotecan for a potentially more favorable clinical response and outcome, in addition to comparable toxicities. Such personalized medicine based on genotyping may be feasible for clinical practice. Trial registration NCT02256800. Date of registration: 3 October 2014. Date of first patient randomized: 16 January 2015
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Sung Yeh
- Division of Trauma, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Division of Gastroenterology and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiang-Lin Tsai
- Division of Gastroenterology and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Division of General Surgery Medicine, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Wen Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Jui-Ho Wang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Wen Lin
- Department of Surgery, Tainan Municipal Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiu-Chih Tang
- Colon and Rectal Surgery, Tainan Sin-Lau Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Chuan Sung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Chieh Wu
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Yu Lu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Jaw-Yuan Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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13
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Yilmaz L, Borazan E, Aytekin T, Baskonus I, Aytekin A, Oztuzcu S, Bozdag Z, Balik A. Increased UGT1A3 and UGT1A7 expression is associated with pancreatic cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:1651-5. [PMID: 25743847 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.4.1651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
UGT1A play important roles in the glucuronidation of a variety of endogenous and exogenous compounds. UGT1A isoforms are expressed tissue specifically. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between UGT1A3 and UGT1A7 mRNA expression and pancreatic cancer. Paired healthy and tumor tissue samples of 43 patients with pancreatic cancer were included in this study. UGT1A3 and UGT1A7 mRNA expressions were analyzed by real time-PCR. In the result of study, UGT1A3 and UGT1A7 mRNA expressions were significantly higher in tumor tissue than normal tissue of pancreatic cancer patients (p<0.05). In addition, high mRNA expression of UGT1A3 and UGT1A7 was significantly associated with larger tumor size (p<0.05). The data suggested that UGT1A3 and UGT1A7 may play roles in the progression of pancreatic cancer. Consequently, UGT1A3 and UGT1A7 are potential prognostic indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latif Yilmaz
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey E-mail :
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14
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Abstract
Background and Objectives Uridine-diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A (UGT1A) is a key enzyme involved in irinotecan metabolism, and polymorphisms in the UGT1A gene are associated with irinotecan-induced toxicity. The aim of this study was to elucidate the allele frequencies of UGT1A polymorphisms in healthy Uzbek volunteers, and to compare them with those of the Japanese population. Method A total of 97 healthy volunteers from Uzbekistan were enrolled and blood samples were collected from each participant. Genotyping analysis was performed by fragment size analysis for UGT1A1*28, direct sequencing for UGT1A7*3 and UGT1A9*22, and TaqMan assays for UGT1A1*93, UGT1A1*6, UGT1A1*27, UGT1A1*60, and UGT1A7*12. The frequencies of polymorphisms were compared with the Japanese population by using the data previously reported from our study group. Results When the Uzbek and Japanese populations were compared, heterozygotes or homozygotes for UGT1A1*28, UGT1A1*60, and UGT1A1*93 were significantly more frequent in the Uzbek population (P < 0.01). The rate of UGT1A7*12 was not significantly different between the two populations, whereas UGT1A1*6 and UGT1A9*22 were significantly less frequent in the Uzbek population (P < 0.05). UGT1A7*1 were less prevalent in the Uzbek population than in the Japanese population (P < 0.01). Conclusion The Uzbek population has different frequencies of polymorphisms in UGT1A genes compared with the Japanese population. A comprehensive study of the influence of UGT1A1 polymorphisms on the risk of irinotecan-induced toxicity is necessary for optimal use of irinotecan treatment.
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15
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Germline oncopharmacogenetics, a promising field in cancer therapy. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2015; 38:65-89. [PMID: 25573079 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-014-0214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenetics (PGx) is the study of the relationship between inter-individual genetic variation and drug responses. Germline variants of genes involved in drug metabolism, drug transport, and drug targets can affect individual response to medications. Cancer therapies are characterized by an intrinsically high toxicity; therefore, the application of pharmacogenetics to cancer patients is a particularly promising method for avoiding the use of inefficacious drugs and preventing the associated adverse effects. However, despite continuing efforts in this field, very few labels include information about germline genetic variants associated with drug responses. DPYD, TPMT, UGT1A1, G6PD, CYP2D6, and HLA are the sole loci for which the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) report specific information. This review highlights the germline PGx variants that have been approved to date for anticancer treatments, and also provides some insights about other germline variants with potential clinical applications. The continuous and rapid evolution of next-generation sequencing applications, together with the development of computational methods, should help to refine the implementation of personalized medicine. One day, clinicians may be able to prescribe the best treatment and the correct drug dosage based on each patient's genotype. This approach would improve treatment efficacy, reduce toxicity, and predict non-responders, thereby decreasing chemotherapy-associated morbidity and improving health benefits.
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Angstadt AY, Hartman TJ, Lesko SM, Muscat JE, Zhu J, Gallagher CJ, Lazarus P. The effect of UGT1A and UGT2B polymorphisms on colorectal cancer risk: haplotype associations and gene–environment interactions. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2014; 53:454-66. [PMID: 24822274 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) play an important role in the phase II metabolism of exogenous and endogenous compounds. As colorectal cancer (CRC) etiology is thought to involve the biotransformation of dietary factors, UGT polymorphisms may affect CRC risk by altering levels of exposure. Genotyping of over 1800 Caucasian subjects was completed to identify the role of genetic variation in nine UGT1A and five UGT2B genes on CRC risk. Unconditional logistic regression and haplotype analyses were conducted to identify associations with CRC risk and potential gene-environment interactions. UGT1A haplotype analysis found that the T-G haplotype in UGT1A10 exon 1 (block 2: rs17864678, rs10929251) decreased cancer risk for the colon [proximal (OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.11–0.69) and for the distal colon (OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.12–0.91)], and that the C-T-G haplotype in the 3′ region flanking the UGT1A shared exons (block 11: rs7578153, rs10203853, rs6728940) increased CRC risk in males (OR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.10–5.95). A haplotype in UGT2B15 containing a functional variant (rs4148269, K523T) and an intronic SNP (rs6837575) was found to affect rectal cancer risk overall (OR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.21–5.04) and in females (OR = 3.08, 95% CI = 1.08–8.74). An interaction was found between high NSAID use and the A-G-T haplotype (block 10: rs6717546, rs1500482, rs7586006) in the UGT1A shared exons that decreased CRC risk. This suggests that UGT genetic variation alters CRC risk differently by anatomical sub-site and gender and that polymorphisms in the UGT1A shared exons may have a regulatory effect on gene expression that allows for the protective effect of NSAIDs on CRC risk.
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Erlinger S, Arias IM, Dhumeaux D. Inherited disorders of bilirubin transport and conjugation: new insights into molecular mechanisms and consequences. Gastroenterology 2014; 146:1625-38. [PMID: 24704527 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inherited disorders of bilirubin metabolism might reduce bilirubin uptake by hepatocytes, bilirubin conjugation, or secretion of bilirubin into bile. Reductions in uptake could increase levels of unconjugated or conjugated bilirubin (Rotor syndrome). Defects in bilirubin conjugation could increase levels of unconjugated bilirubin; the effects can be benign and frequent (Gilbert syndrome) or rare but severe, increasing the risk of bilirubin encephalopathy (Crigler-Najjar syndrome). Impairment of bilirubin secretion leads to accumulation of conjugated bilirubin (Dubin-Johnson syndrome). We review the genetic causes and pathophysiology of disorders of bilirubin transport and conjugation as well as clinical and therapeutic aspects. We also discuss the possible mechanisms by which hyperbilirubinemia protects against cardiovascular disease and the metabolic syndrome and the effects of specific genetic variants on drug metabolism and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Dhumeaux
- Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, University of Paris-Est, Créteil, France
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Biason P, Masier S, Toffoli G. UGT1A1*28 and Other UGT1A Polymorphisms as Determinants of Irinotecan Toxicity. J Chemother 2013; 20:158-65. [DOI: 10.1179/joc.2008.20.2.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Wang M, Sun DF, Wang S, Qing Y, Chen S, Wu D, Lin YM, Luo JZ, Li YQ. Polymorphic expression of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGTlA gene in human colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57045. [PMID: 23468910 PMCID: PMC3584141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polymorphism of genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes is known to play an important role in increased susceptibility of colorectal cancer. UGT1A gene locus has been suggested to define tissue-specific glucuronidation activity. Reduced capacity of glucuronidation is correlated with the development of colorectal cancer. Therefore, we sought to explore polymorphism of UGTlA gene in human colorectal cancer. Methods Cancerous and healthy tissues were obtained from selectedpatients. Blood samples were collected and UGTlA mRNA transcriptions were analyzed. Genomic DNA was prepared and UGTlA8 exon-1 sequences were amplified, visualized and purified. The extracted DNA was subcloned and sequenced. Two-tailed Fisher's exact test, Odds ratios (ORs), confidence interval (CIs) and Logistics Regression Analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results UGTlA mRNA expression was reduced in cancerous tissues compared with healthy tissues from the same patient . The UGTlA mRNA expression of healthy tissue in study patients was lower than control . The mRNA expression of cancerous tissue was down-regulated in UGTlAl, 1A3, 1A4, lA6, 1A9 and up-regulated in UGTlA8 and UGTlAl0 UGT1A5 and UGT1A7 were not expressed in colonic tissue of either group. The allele frequency of WT UGTlA8*1 was higher (p = 0.000), frequency of UGTlA8*3 was lowered in control group (p = 0.000). The expression of homozygous UGTlA8*1 was higher in control group (p = 0.000). Higher frequency of both heterozygous UGTlA8*1/*3 and UGTlA8*2/*3 were found in study group (p = 0.000; p = 0.000). The occurrence of colorectal cancer was mainly related to the presence of polymorphic UGTlA8*3 alleles (p = 0.000). Conclusion Regulation of human UGT1A genes is tissue-specific. Individual variation in polymorphic expressions of UGTlA gene locus was noted in all types of colonic tissue tested, whereas hepatic tissue expression was uniform. The high incidence of UGTlA8 polymorphism exists in colorectal cancer patients. UGTlA8*1 allele is a protective factor and UGTlA8*3 allele is a risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Geriatrics and Gastroenterology, Qi-Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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Osawa K, Nakarai C, Akiyama M, Hashimoto R, Tsutou A, Takahashi J, Takaoka Y, Kawamura S, Shimada E, Tanaka K, Kozuka M, Yamamoto M, Kido Y. Association between polymorphisms in UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A6 and 1A7 and colorectal cancer risk. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:2311-4. [PMID: 22901212 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.5.2311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms of uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases 1A6 (UGT1A6) and 1A7 (UGT1A7) may lead to genetic instability and colorectal cancer carcinogenesis. Our objective was to measure the interaction between polymorphisms of these repair genes and tobacco smoking in colorectal cancer (CRC). A total of 68 individuals with CRC and 112 non-cancer controls were divided into non-smoker and smoker groups according to pack-years of smoking. Genetic polymorphisms of UGT1A6 and UGT1A7 were examined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). We found a weak association of UGT1A6 polymorphisms with CRC risk (crude odds ratio [OR], 1.65; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 0.9-3.1, P=0.107; adjusted OR 1.95, 95%CI 1.0-3.8, P=0.051). The ORs for the UGT1A7 polymorphisms were statistically significant (crude OR: 26.40, 95%CI: 3.5-198.4, P=0.001; adjusted OR: 21.52, 95%CI: 2.8-164.1, P=0.003). The joint effect of tobacco exposure and UGT1A6 polymorphisms was significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk in non-smokers (crude OR, 2.11; 95%CI, 0.9-5.0, P=0.092; adjusted OR 2.63, 95%CI 1.0-6.7, P=0.042). In conclusion, our findings suggest that UGT1A6 and UGT1A7 gene polymorphisms are associated with CRC risk in the Japanese population. In particular, UGT1A6 polymorphisms may strongly increase CRC risk through the formation of carcinogens not associated with smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Osawa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, and Clinical Laboratory, Otemae Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
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Han SX, Wang L, Wu DQ. The association between UGT1A7 polymorphism and cancer risk: A meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2012; 36:e201-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Zhang X, Ao G, Wang Y, Yan W, Wang M, Chen E, Yang F, Yang J. Genetic variants and haplotypes of the UGT1A9, 1A7 and 1A1 genes in Chinese Han. Genet Mol Biol 2012; 35:428-34. [PMID: 22888291 PMCID: PMC3389530 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572012005000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, we describe combined polymorphisms of the UGT1A9, UGT1A7 and UGT1A1 genes in 100 unrelated, healthy Chinese Han subjects. The functional regions of these genes were sequenced and comprehensively analyzed for genetic polymorphisms. Thirty variants were detected, including five novel forms. Tentative functional predictions indicated that a Cys → Arg substitution at position 277 in the UGT1A7 gene could alter the protein conformation and that 12460T > G in the 3′UTR might influence protein translation through specifically expressed miRNAs. UGT1A9*1b was a major functional variant in the subjects examined whereas the *1f allele had a frequency of only 0.5%. A special functional haplotype (GAGAAC) was identified for UGT1A9, 1A7 and 1A1. These findings provide fundamental genetic information that may serve as a basis for larger studies designed to assess the metabolic phenotypes associated with UGT1A polymorphisms. They also provide important data for the implementation of personalized medicine in Chinese Han.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection System, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Hiljadnikova Bajro M, Josifovski T, Panovski M, Jankulovski N, Kapedanovska Nestorovska A, Matevska N, Petrusevska N, Dimovski AJ. Promoter length polymorphism in UGT1A1 and the risk of sporadic colorectal cancer. Cancer Genet 2012; 205:163-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Lu PH, Chen MB, Wu XY, Gu JH, Liu Y, Gu RM. Genetic Polymorphisms of UGT1A7 and Cancer Risk: Evidence From 21 Case–Control Studies. Cancer Invest 2011; 29:645-54. [DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2011.626477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Vinar T, Brejová B, Song G, Siepel A. Reconstructing histories of complex gene clusters on a phylogeny. J Comput Biol 2011; 17:1267-79. [PMID: 20874408 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2010.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clusters of genes that have evolved by repeated segmental duplication present difficult challenges throughout genomic analysis, from sequence assembly to functional analysis. These clusters are one of the major sources of evolutionary innovation, and they are linked to multiple diseases, including HIV and a variety of cancers. Understanding their evolutionary histories is a key to the application of comparative genomics methods in these regions of the genome. We propose a probabilistic model of gene cluster evolution on a phylogeny, and an MCMC algorithm for reconstruction of duplication histories from genomic sequences in multiple species. Several projects are underway to obtain high quality BAC-based assemblies of duplicated clusters in multiple species, and we anticipate use of our methods in their analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Vinar
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University , Bratislava, Slovakia
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Ginsberg G, Guyton K, Johns D, Schimek J, Angle K, Sonawane B. Genetic polymorphism in metabolism and host defense enzymes: implications for human health risk assessment. Crit Rev Toxicol 2011; 40:575-619. [PMID: 20662711 DOI: 10.3109/10408441003742895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms in xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes can have profound influence on enzyme function, with implications for chemical clearance and internal dose. The effects of polymorphisms have been evaluated for certain therapeutic drugs but there has been relatively little investigation with environmental toxicants. Polymorphisms can also affect the function of host defense mechanisms and thus modify the pharmacodynamic response. This review and analysis explores the feasibility of using polymorphism data in human health risk assessment for four enzymes, two involved in conjugation (uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferases [UGTs], sulfotransferases [SULTs]), and two involved in detoxification (microsomal epoxide hydrolase [EPHX1], NADPH quinone oxidoreductase I [NQO1]). This set of evaluations complements our previous analyses with oxidative and conjugating enzymes. Of the numerous UGT and SULT enzymes, the greatest likelihood for polymorphism effect on conjugation function are for SULT1A1 (*2 polymorphism), UGT1A1 (*6, *7, *28 polymorphisms), UGT1A7 (*3 polymorphism), UGT2B15 (*2 polymorphism), and UGT2B17 (null polymorphism). The null polymorphism in NQO1 has the potential to impair host defense. These highlighted polymorphisms are of sufficient frequency to be prioritized for consideration in chemical risk assessments. In contrast, SNPs in EPHX1 are not sufficiently influential or defined for inclusion in risk models. The current analysis is an important first step in bringing the highlighted polymorphisms into a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Ginsberg
- Connecticut Department of Public Health, Hartford, Connecticut 06106, USA.
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Saw CLL, Kong ANT. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 as a chemopreventive target in colorectal cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011; 15:281-95. [PMID: 21261563 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.553602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Numerous epidemiological studies have linked consumption of cruciferous vegetables to a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in individuals. It is currently well accepted that chronic inflammation is a contributing factor in 15 - 20% malignancies including CRC. Many chemopreventive compounds are effective in preclinical systems and many ongoing clinical trials are showing promising findings. Many of these compounds could activate the antioxidant responsive element (ARE), a critical regulatory element for Phase II protective/detoxification and antioxidative stress enzymes mediated by nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Recently, Nrf2 has emerged as a novel target for the prevention of CRC. AREAS COVERED A full literature search was performed using PubMed with the key words 'ARE, Nrf2, colon, colorectal cancer, chemoprevention, cancer prevention', and all relevant publications are included. EXPERT OPINION The use of Nrf2 knockout mice has provided key insights into the toxicological and chemopreventive importance of this pathway. Mounting evidence has revealed that Nrf2 is a critical regulator of inflammation as well, a major driving force for CRC progression and formation. Targeting the Nrf2/ARE pathway may present a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of not only colorectal inflammatory diseases but the frequent subsequent development of CRC as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Lay Lay Saw
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Ohnaka K, Kono S. Bilirubin, cardiovascular diseases and cancer: epidemiological perspectives. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2010; 5:891-904. [PMID: 30780834 DOI: 10.1586/eem.10.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Owing to a potent antioxidant property of bilirubin, a growing interest has been drawn to the potential protective effects of bilirubin against oxidative stress-related diseases. This article evaluates associations of bilirubin with atherosclerotic diseases and cancer. Serum bilirubin has consistently been shown to be inversely associated with diverse atherosclerotic diseases, mostly among men in different populations. A limited number of prospective studies have shown a U-shaped or reversed J-shaped relationship between bilirubin and coronary heart disease in men and no evident association in women. Few studies have provided evidence supportive of a protective association between bilirubin and cancer risk. The findings on bilirubin-related genetic polymorphisms are inconsistent in relation to coronary heart disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keizo Ohnaka
- a Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Suminori Kono
- a Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Strassburg CP. Hyperbilirubinemia syndromes (Gilbert-Meulengracht, Crigler-Najjar, Dubin-Johnson, and Rotor syndrome). Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2010; 24:555-71. [PMID: 20955959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 07/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyperbilirubinemia is an important clinical sign that often indicates severe hepatobiliary disease of different etiologies. Inherited non-haemolytichyperbilirubinemic conditions include Dubin-Johnson, Rotor, and Gilbert-Meulengracht syndromes, which are important differential diagnoses indicating benign disease that require no immediate treatment. Dubin-Johnson and Rotor syndromes are rare, exhibit mixed direct and indirect hyperbilirubinemia as well as typical profiles or urinary coproporphyrin excretion. Gilbert-Meulengracht disease leads to unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia because of impaired glucuronidation activity, and is part of a spectrum of genetic variants also encompassing fatal Crigler-Najjar syndrome. Gilbert-Meulengracht syndrome can be diagnosed by clinical presentation, biochemistry and genotyping, and carries significance regarding the disposition towards drug-associated toxicity. In addition, the precise diagnosis of these inherited hyperbilirubinemic syndromes avoids unnecessary invasive procedures for suspected more severe hepatobiliary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P Strassburg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Pacheco PR, Brilhante MJ, Ballart C, Sigalat F, Polena H, Cabral R, Branco CC, Mota-Vieira L. UGT1A1, UGT1A6 and UGT1A7 genetic analysis: repercussion for irinotecan pharmacogenetics in the São Miguel Island Population (Azores, Portugal). Mol Diagn Ther 2010; 13:261-8. [PMID: 19712005 DOI: 10.2165/11317170-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucuronidation reactions, catalyzed by uridine-diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes, constitute a detoxification process that adds glucuronic acid to endogenous and exogenous compounds, aiding their excretion. UGT1A proteins have been implicated as risk factors for both the development of cancer and adverse drug effects. METHODS Here, we assess the genome of 469 individuals from São Miguel Island (Azores, Portugal) in order to determine the frequencies of polymorphisms and haplotypes in UGT1A1, UGT1A6, and UGT1A7, the co-occurrence of reduced enzyme activity UGT1A variants related to irinotecan toxicity, and to calculate the extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the genomic region encompassing these genes. RESULTS Allelic analysis disclosed the presence of rare alleles - UGT1A1*36 and UGT1A1*37--only found in individuals of African descent, and UGT1A7*4. These alleles confirm our previous results on the São Miguel Island genetic background. We identified five different genotypes in UGT1A1 and UGT1A6 and nine in UGT1A7. Haplotype analysis showed that three haplotypes constituted approximately 80% of the allelic variants. Interestingly, haplotype 3 (UGT1A1*28-UGT1A6*2-UGT1A7*3), with a frequency of 0.235, gathers the three alleles encoding the low-function UGT isoforms. Additionally, LD indicates a strong interaction between functional polymorphisms related to the alteration of the UGT enzyme activity. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the results demonstrate a high variability of alleles and haplotypes, which have important roles in modifying expression and activity of UGTs. The data presented here could improve the understanding of the predisposition to cancers and susceptibility to the adverse effects of irinotecan in the São Miguel Island population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula R Pacheco
- Molecular Genetics and Pathology Unit, Hospital of Divino Espirito Santo of Ponta Delgada, São Miguel Island, Azores, Portugal
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Strassburg CP. Gilbert-Meulengracht’s syndrome and pharmacogenetics: is jaundice just the tip of the iceberg? Drug Metab Rev 2009; 42:168-81. [DOI: 10.3109/03602530903209429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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UGT1A1, UGT1A6 and UGT1A7 Genetic Analysis. Mol Diagn Ther 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03256331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Lankisch TO, Behrens G, Ehmer U, Möbius U, Rockstroh J, Wehmeier M, Kalthoff S, Freiberg N, Manns MP, Schmidt RE, Strassburg CP. Gilbert's syndrome and hyperbilirubinemia in protease inhibitor therapy--an extended haplotype of genetic variants increases risk in indinavir treatment. J Hepatol 2009; 50:1010-8. [PMID: 19303655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2008.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Revised: 12/14/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Gilbert's syndrome is a frequent genetic conjugation abnormality associated with adverse drug effects. Genetic UDP glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)1A gene variants can influence gene transcription, inducibility and glucuronidation activity. Protease inhibitors used in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and chronic viral hepatitis can inhibit UGTs. Indinavir (IDV) can lead to hyperbilirubinemia in Gilbert's syndrome (UGT1A1*28), which does not explain interindividual severity differences and may thus involve additional UGT1A variants. METHODS One hundred and twenty-five HIV patients receiving IDV and 427 healthy blood donors were genotyped for the presence of UGT1A1*28, UGT1A3 -66T/C, UGT1A7 -57T/G, UGT1A7(N129K/R131K) using Taqman 5' nuclease assays. RESULTS Hyperbilirubinemia was observed in 42%. UGT1A1*28 frequencies did not differ between HIV patients and controls but were significantly higher in hyperbilirubinemic patients. The frequency of homozygous carriers of the 4 UGT1A marker haplotype increased with hyperbilirubinemia affecting all patients with bilirubin levels >85 micromol/l. CONCLUSIONS In IDV treatment the risk of severe hyperbilirubinemia is associated with genetic variants of the UGT1A3 and UGT1A7 genes in addition to Gilbert's syndrome (UGT1A1*28). This haplotype is a useful predictor of protease inhibitor-induced side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim O Lankisch
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Can UGT1A1 genotyping reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with irinotecan? An evidence-based review. Genet Med 2009; 11:21-34. [PMID: 19125129 DOI: 10.1097/gim.0b013e31818efd77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This evidence-based review addresses the question of whether testing for UGT1A1 mutations in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with irinotecan leads to improvement in outcomes (e.g., irinotecan toxicity, response to treatment, morbidity, and mortality), when compared with no testing. No studies were identified that addressed this question directly. The quality of evidence on the analytic validity of current UGT1A1 genetic testing methods is adequate (scale: convincing, adequate, inadequate), with available data indicating that both analytic sensitivity and specificity for the common genotypes are high. For clinical validity, the quality of evidence is adequate for studies reporting concentration of the active form of irinotecan (SN-38), presence of severe diarrhea, and presence of severe neutropenia stratified by UGT1A1 common genotypes. The strongest association for a clinical endpoint is for severe neutropenia. Patients homozygous for the *28 allele are 3.5 times more likely to develop severe neutropenia compared with individuals with the wild genotype (risk ratio 3.51; 95% confidence interval 2.03-6.07). The proposed clinical utility of UGT1A1 genotyping would be derived from a reduction in drug-related adverse reactions (benefits) while at the same time avoiding declines in tumor response rate and increases in morbidity/mortality (harms). At least three treatment options for reducing this increased risk have been suggested: modification of the irinotecan regime (e.g., reduce initial dose), use of other drugs, and/or pretreatment with colony-stimulating factors. However, we found no prospective studies that examined these options, particularly whether a reduced dose of irinotecan results in a reduced rate of adverse drug events. This is a major gap in knowledge. Although the quality of evidence on clinical utility is inadequate, two of three reviewed studies (and one published since our initial selection of studies for review) found that individuals homozygous for the *28 allele had improved survival. Three reviewed studies found statistically significant higher tumor response rates among individuals homozygous for the *28 allele. We found little or no direct evidence to assess the benefits and harms of modifying irinotecan regimens for patients with colorectal cancer based on their UGT1A1 genotype; however, results of our preliminary modeling of prevalence, acceptance, and effectiveness indicate that reducing the dose would need to be highly effective to have benefits outweigh harms. An alternative is to increase irinotecan dose among wild-type individuals to improve tumor response with minimal increases in adverse drug events. Given the large number of colorectal cancer cases diagnosed each year, a randomized controlled trial of the effects of irinotecan dose modifications in patients with colorectal cancer based on their UGT1A1 genotype is feasible and could clarify the tradeoffs between possible reductions in severe neutropenia and improved tumor response and/or survival in patients with various UGT1A1 genotypes.
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Ménard V, Girard H, Harvey M, Pérusse L, Guillemette C. Analysis of inherited genetic variations at theUGT1locus in the French-Canadian population. Hum Mutat 2009; 30:677-87. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.20946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Strassburg CP, Kalthoff S, Ehmer U. Variability and function of family 1 uridine-5'-diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases (UGT1A). Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2009; 45:485-530. [PMID: 19003600 DOI: 10.1080/10408360802374624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The substrate spectrum of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A (UGT1A) proteins includes the glucuronidation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anticonvulsants, chemotherapeutics, steroid hormones, bile acids, and bilirubin. The unique genetic organization of the human UGT1A gene locus, and an increasing number of functionally relevant genetic variants define tissue specificity as well as a broad range of interindividual variabilities of glucuronidation. Genetic UGT1A variability has been conserved throughout the protein's evolution and shows ethnic diversity. It is the biochemical and genetic basis for clinical phenotypes such as Gilbert's syndrome and Crigler-Najjar's disease as well as for the potential for severe, unwanted drug side effects such as in irinotecan treatment. UGT1A variants influence the metabolic effects of xenobiotic exposure and therefore have been linked to cancer risk. Detailed knowledge of the organization, function, and pharmacogenetics of the human UGT1A gene locus is likely to significantly contribute to the improvement of drug safety and efficacy as well as to the provision of steps toward the goal of individualized drug therapy and disease risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P Strassburg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Vinař T, Brejová B, Song G, Siepel A. Reconstructing Histories of Complex Gene Clusters on a Phylogeny. COMPARATIVE GENOMICS 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-04744-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Abstract
Gilbert's syndrome is characterized by mild unconjugated nonhemolytic hyperbilirubinemia, which does not lead to hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, chronic liver disease or liver failure. Almost 100 years after its clinical description, it was linked to a genetic variant of the human bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1), UGT1A1 (*)28, found in approximately 40% of Caucasoid individuals. Over 113 UGT1A1 variants have since been reported, leading to a continuous spectrum from mild hyperbilirubinemia to life-threatening jaundice. UGT1A variants are evolutionary diverse and occur in the context of haplotypes combining different variants within the promoter, the 5 exons, as well as introns of the UGT1A1 gene, and also in combination with other UGT1A genes expressed in the liver and the extrahepatic gastrointestinal tract. The variation of glucuronidation hidden behind Gilbert's syndrome impacts drug therapy, which includes the well-characterized examples of irinotecan and atazanavir. The prediction of unwanted drug reactions associated with Gilbert's syndrome will improve drug safety, therapeutic individualization and impact the drug-development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P Strassburg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Girard H, Butler LM, Villeneuve L, Millikan RC, Sinha R, Sandler RS, Guillemette C. UGT1A1 and UGT1A9 functional variants, meat intake, and colon cancer, among Caucasians and African-Americans. Mutat Res 2008; 644:56-63. [PMID: 18675828 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2008] [Revised: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glucuronidation by the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes (UGTs) is one of the primary detoxification pathways of dietary heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In a population-based case-control study of 537 cases and 866 controls, we investigated whether colon cancer was associated with genetic variations in UGT1A1 and UGT1A9 genes and we determined if those variations modify the association between colon cancer and dietary HCA and PAH exposure. We measured functional UGT1A1 polymorphisms at positions -53 (28; A(TA)6TAA to A(TA)7TAA), -3156 (G>A), -3279 (T>G) and the UGT1A9-275(T>A) polymorphism, and found no association with colon cancer overall. However, when stratified by race, the UGT1A1-3279 GG/TG intermediate/low activity genotypes were associated with an increased risk of colon cancer (odds ratio (OR)=1.5, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.1-2.0) in Caucasians. This finding is also supported by haplotype analyses where the UGT1A1-3279G-allele-bearing haplotype is overrepresented in case group. Overall, UGT1A1-53 and -3156 genotypes modified the association between dietary benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and colon cancer (P for interaction=0.02 and 0.03, respectively). The strongest association was observed for those with <7.7 ng/day BaP exposure and the low activity genotypes, for both UGT1A1 28/28 (OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.1-2.9) and -3156AA (OR=1.7, 95% CI=1.0-3.0), compared to >or=7.7 ng/day and combined high/intermediate genotypes. These data support a hypothesis that UGTs modify the association between meat-derived PAH exposure and colon cancer by their role in the elimination of dietary carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Girard
- Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, CHUQ Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, G1V 4G2 Québec, Canada
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Lankisch TO, Schulz C, Zwingers T, Erichsen TJ, Manns MP, Heinemann V, Strassburg CP. Gilbert's Syndrome and irinotecan toxicity: combination with UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A7 variants increases risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17:695-701. [PMID: 18349289 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-2517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gilbert's syndrome is characterized by a functional promoter single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 gene and represents a pharmacogenetic risk factor for irinotecan toxicity, but study data remain controversial. The active CPT-11 metabolite 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin is detoxified by several UGT1A proteins, which include UGT1A7 with a high specific activity that may contribute to the risk of irinotecan toxicity in Gilbert's syndrome patients. METHODS Genotyping of the UGT1A1*28, UGT1A7 N129K/R131K, and UGT1A7-57T/G variants was done in 105 irinotecan-treated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer; adverse events were documented during all 297 treatment cycles and analyzed by Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel, Mann-Whitney, and chi2 tests. RESULTS The presence of UGT1A7 but not UGT1A1 variants was associated with at least one adverse event. In patients combining all three variants, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia were significantly more frequent. The overall incidence of adverse events was significantly higher (P = 0.0035) in carriers of the UGT1A risk alleles, who also had significantly higher rate of dose reductions. CONCLUSIONS Irinotecan toxicity is more likely in patients with Gilbert's syndrome carrying the UGT1A1*28 allele combined with reduced function UGT1A7 N129K/R131K and UGT1A7-57T/G SNP. Based on the ability of UGT1A7 to metabolize and eliminate the active irinotecan metabolite 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin, the UGT1A1/UGT1A7 SNP combination haplotype appears to be a superior risk predictor than Gilbert's syndrome alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim O Lankisch
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Strassburg CP, Lankisch TO, Manns MP, Ehmer U. Family 1 uridine-5'-diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases (UGT1A): from Gilbert's syndrome to genetic organization and variability. Arch Toxicol 2008; 82:415-33. [PMID: 18491077 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-008-0314-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A gene locus is organized to generate enzymes, which share a carboxyterminal portion and are unique at their aminoterminal variable region. Expression is tissue-specific and overlapping substrate specificities include a broad spectrum of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds as well as many therapeutic drugs targeted for detoxification and elimination by glucuronidation. The absence of glucuronidation leads to fatal hyperbilirubinemia. A remarkable interindividual variability of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases is evidenced by over 100 identified genetic variants leading to alterations of catalytic activites or transcription levels. Variant alleles with lower carcinogen detoxification activity have been associated with cancer risk such as colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Genetic variants and haplotypes have been identified as risk factors for unwanted drug effects of the anticancer drug irinotecan and the antiviral proteinase inhibitor atazanavir. Glucuronidation and its variability are likely to represent an important factor for individualized drug therapy and risk prediction impacting the drug development and licensing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P Strassburg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A7 polymorphisms are associated with liver cirrhosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 366:643-8. [PMID: 18054330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.11.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Accepted: 11/22/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Variations in the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A7 gene have been found to be related to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Since the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis is not dissimilar to that of HCC, we hypothesized that UGT1A7 genetic polymorphisms may be associated with liver cirrhosis. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism was utilized to determine UGT for 1A7 genotypes for the 159 patients with liver cirrhosis and 263 gender/age matched controls. Simple logistic regression analysis revealed that significant risk factors for liver cirrhosis were (1) hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, (2) hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, (3) HBV infection plus HCV infection and (4) low-activity UGT1A7 genotypes. The results of further multivariate logistic regression confirmed these associations. Interaction of low-activity UGT1A7 genotypes and HBV (or HCV) infection produced an additive effect upon the risk for the development of liver cirrhosis [observed odds ratio (OR) (54.59) greater than the expected OR (18.05)]. UGT1A7 low/low genotype was also related to advanced liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh classes C and/or B) (OR=7.50, P=0.009). This study demonstrates the novel findings that carriage of low-activity UGT1A7 genotypes represents a risk factor for the development and functional severity of liver cirrhosis.
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UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT1A7 genetic polymorphisms in hepatocellular carcinoma: a differential impact according to seropositivity of HBV or HCV markers? BMC Cancer 2007; 7:214. [PMID: 18021430 PMCID: PMC2213656 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-7-214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted a case-control study to evaluate the role of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A7 (UGT1A7) polymorphisms in the onset of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS The study included 165 patients with HCC, 134 with cirrhosis and 142 controls without liver disease, matched for age and hospital. All were men younger than 75 years. HCC and cirrhosis patients were stratified according to time since cirrhosis diagnosis. RESULTS We found a positive association between the UGT1A7*3/*3 genotype and HCC when the comparison was restricted to patients whose disease was of viral origin [OR = 3.4 (0.3-45)] but a negative association when it included only alcoholic patients [OR = 0.1 (0.02-0.6), p = 0.01]. CONCLUSION Our study shows that UGT1A7 may play a role in hepatocellular carcinogenesis and that this role may differ according to the primary cause of the cirrhosis.
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Bae SY, Choi SK, Kim KR, Park CS, Lee SK, Roh HK, Shin DW, Pie JE, Woo ZH, Kang JH. Effects of genetic polymorphisms of MDR1, FMO3 and CYP1A2 on susceptibility to colorectal cancer in Koreans. Cancer Sci 2006; 97:774-9. [PMID: 16800822 PMCID: PMC11160064 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2006.00241.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects on the susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC) of genetic polymorphisms in P-glycoprotein (PGP) and the metabolic enzymes cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) and flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3). We analyzed five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 93 cancer-free volunteers and 111 patients with CRC: one common genetic variant of the PGP-encoding MDR1 gene and four SNP in genes for metabolic enzymes (two SNP in FMO3 and two SNP in CYP1A2). The genotypes and allele frequencies of the MDR1/C3435T, FMO3/G488A, FMO3/A923G and CYP1A2/G-3860 A polymorphisms were not significantly different in cancer-free subjects and CRC patients. However, a significant association was found between the CYP1A2/A-163C polymorphism and the risk of CRC, particularly in elderly (>55 years) subjects and smokers. A phenotyping study in normal smokers showed that the CYP1A2 activity of subjects with the CYP1A2/-163 AA genotype was significantly lower than that of subjects carrying the CYP1A2/-163C allele. Combined results show that the CYP1A2/-163C allele is significantly associated with an increase in CYP1A2 activity and a consequent increased risk of CRC in Koreans, particularly in elderly people and smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Bae
- Department of Surgery, Inha Institute of Research for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 410-712, Korea
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Abstract
The uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) belong to a superfamily of enzymes that catalyse the glucuronidation of numerous endobiotics and xenobiotics. Several human hepatic and extrahepatic UGT isozymes have been characterized with respect to their substrate specificity, tissue expression and gene structure. Genetic polymorphisms have been identified for almost all the UGT family members. A wide variety of anticancer drugs, dietary chemopreventives and carcinogens are known to be conjugated by members of both UGT1A and UGT2B subfamilies. This review examines in detail each UGT isozyme known to be associated with cancer and carcinogenesis. The cancer-related substrates for several UGTs are summarized, and the functionally relevant genetic polymorphisms of UGTs are reviewed. A number of genotype-phenotype association studies have been carried out to characterize the role of UGT pharmacogenetics in several types of cancer, and these examples are discussed here. In summary, this review focuses on the role of the human UGT genetic polymorphisms in carcinogenesis, chemoprevention and cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nagar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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Huang CS. Molecular genetics of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in Taiwanese. J Biomed Sci 2005; 12:445-50. [PMID: 15965581 DOI: 10.1007/s11373-005-3863-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2005] [Accepted: 03/16/2005] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In bilirubin metabolism, increased destruction of erythrocytes, defect in the function of organic anion transporter polypeptide 2 (OATP2) or UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) may result in unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Although glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is known to be associated with the development of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, it was observed that in neonates severe hyperbilirubinemia caused by G6PD deficiency, without associated polymorphisms in the UGT1A1 or the OATP2 gene, was preventable. Variations at the nucleotide (nt) 388 of OATP2 gene and nt-211 of UGT1A1 gene, were found to be a risk factor for severe hyperbilirubinemia amongst Taiwanese neonates, respectively. G6PD deficiency, variations at nts 388 and 521 of OATP2 gene, and variations at nt-211 and in the promoter area of UGT1A1 gene were reported to be the risk factors for the occurrence of mild hyperbilirubinemia amongst Taiwanese adults. The status of the haplotypes of G6PD, OATP2, and UGT1A1 genes affected the odds ratio and the bilirubin levels in the hyperbilirubinemic subjects. Moreover, carriage of the variant-211 UGT1A1 allele, as well as UGT1A7*3 allele, was demonstrated to represent a risk factor for the development of, and a determinant for, metastases associated with Taiwanese colorectal-cancer patients. Further investigation is warranted to evaluate this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Shan Huang
- Department of Medical Technology, Fooyin University, 151 Chin-Hsueh Rd., Ta-Liao Hsiang, Kaohsiung, Hsien, 831, Taiwan.
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