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Guo Q, Jin Y, Chen X, Ye X, Shen X, Lin M, Zeng C, Zhou T, Zhang J. NF-κB in biology and targeted therapy: new insights and translational implications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:53. [PMID: 38433280 PMCID: PMC10910037 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01757-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
NF-κB signaling has been discovered for nearly 40 years. Initially, NF-κB signaling was identified as a pivotal pathway in mediating inflammatory responses. However, with extensive and in-depth investigations, researchers have discovered that its role can be expanded to a variety of signaling mechanisms, biological processes, human diseases, and treatment options. In this review, we first scrutinize the research process of NF-κB signaling, and summarize the composition, activation, and regulatory mechanism of NF-κB signaling. We investigate the interaction of NF-κB signaling with other important pathways, including PI3K/AKT, MAPK, JAK-STAT, TGF-β, Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog, and TLR signaling. The physiological and pathological states of NF-κB signaling, as well as its intricate involvement in inflammation, immune regulation, and tumor microenvironment, are also explicated. Additionally, we illustrate how NF-κB signaling is involved in a variety of human diseases, including cancers, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, neurological diseases, and COVID-19. Further, we discuss the therapeutic approaches targeting NF-κB signaling, including IKK inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, proteasome inhibitors, nuclear translocation inhibitors, DNA binding inhibitors, TKIs, non-coding RNAs, immunotherapy, and CAR-T. Finally, we provide an outlook for research in the field of NF-κB signaling. We hope to present a stereoscopic, comprehensive NF-κB signaling that will inform future research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizi Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Shanghai Cancer Institute & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Ye
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxi Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Teng Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Zhang J, Ge P, Liu J, Luo Y, Guo H, Zhang G, Xu C, Chen H. Glucocorticoid Treatment in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: An Overview on Mechanistic Insights and Clinical Benefit. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12138. [PMID: 37569514 PMCID: PMC10418884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS), triggered by various pathogenic factors inside and outside the lungs, leads to diffuse lung injury and can result in respiratory failure and death, which are typical clinical critical emergencies. Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), which has a poor clinical prognosis, is one of the most common diseases that induces ARDS. When SAP causes the body to produce a storm of inflammatory factors and even causes sepsis, clinicians will face a two-way choice between anti-inflammatory and anti-infection objectives while considering the damaged intestinal barrier and respiratory failure, which undoubtedly increases the difficulty of the diagnosis and treatment of SAP-ALI/ARDS. For a long time, many studies have been devoted to applying glucocorticoids (GCs) to control the inflammatory response and prevent and treat sepsis and ALI/ARDS. However, the specific mechanism is not precise, the clinical efficacy is uneven, and the corresponding side effects are endless. This review discusses the mechanism of action, current clinical application status, effectiveness assessment, and side effects of GCs in the treatment of ALI/ARDS (especially the subtype caused by SAP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Peng Ge
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Yalan Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Haoya Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Guixin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Caiming Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Biomedical Research Center, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Hailong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
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Deng Q, Li XX, Fang Y, Chen X, Xue J. Therapeutic Potential of Quercetin as an Antiatherosclerotic Agent in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:5926381. [PMID: 32565865 PMCID: PMC7292974 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5926381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is one of the diseases with the highest morbidity and mortality globally. It causes a huge burden on families and caregivers and high costs for medicine and surgical interventions. Given expensive surgeries and failures of most conventional treatments, medical community tries to find a more cost-effective cure. Thus, attentions have been primarily focused on food or herbs. Quercetin (Qu) extracted from food, a flavonoid component, develops potentials of alternative or complementary medicine in atherosclerosis. Due to the wide range of health benefits, researchers have considered to apply Qu as a natural compound in therapy. This review is aimed to identify the antiatherosclerosis functions of Qu in treating ASCVD such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties, effects on endothelium-dependent vasodilation, and blood lipid-lowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Deng
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Xue Li
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanting Fang
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingui Xue
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Therapeutic effect of ultrasound interventional perirenal catheter-assisted early peripancreatic lavage of protease inhibitor on severe acute pancreatitis in miniature pigs. Pancreatology 2019; 19:158-162. [PMID: 30551934 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the therapeutic effect of early peripancreatic lavage of ulinastatin on severe acute pancreatitis(SAP). METHODS Sixteen pigs were divided into 4 groups: model(SAP), saline lavage(SL), ulinastatin lavage(UL), intravenous ulinastatin(IU). UL and SL group were given peripancreatic lavage of ulinastatin by ultrasound-guided perirenal catheterization and IU group was intravenously instilled with ulinastatin. The multi-organ functions and the inflammatory factors were observed. RESULTS UL group has the best therapeutic effect. The changes of multi-organ functions and the inflammatory factors were compared with SAP group as follows. In time window of treatment: amylase (p < 0.01), lipase (p < 0.01), ALT (p > 0.05), AST (p < 0.05), CR (p < 0.01), UR (p < 0.01), IL-6 (p < 0.01), IL-10 (p < 0.01). In post-treatment phase: amylase (p < 0.01), lipase (p < 0.01), ALT (p < 0.01), AST (p < 0.01), CR (p < 0.05), UR (p > 0.05), IL-6 (p < 0.01), IL-10 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Early peripancreatic lavage of ulinastatin in SAP could effectively improve the multi-organ functions and inflammatory response.
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Increase in serum chloride and chloride exposure are associated with acute kidney injury in moderately severe and severe acute pancreatitis patients. Pancreatology 2019; 19:136-142. [PMID: 30473463 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate whether early (first 48 h) hyperchloremia and/or the change of serum chloride concentration are associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with moderately severe and severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP and SAP). METHODS We retrospectively collected the data of patients with a primary diagnosis of MSAP or SAP from a tertiary center between January 2014 and June 2017. Consecutive chloride levels within the first 48 h after admission were retrieved for further calculation. Logistic regression analysis and receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to assess the relationship between hyperchloremia and AKI. RESULTS 145 patients were enrolled for analysis, of whom 33.5% (47/145) developed hyperchloremia during the observation period. The incidence of AKI was significantly higher in the hyperchloremia group (40.4% vs 7.1%; p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, the increase in serum chloride (Δ[Cl-]) was independently associated with AKI [OR = 1.32 (1.00-1.74)], as was chloride exposure [OR = 1.01 (1.00-1.02)], and these associations were found to be stronger in patients identified as predicted SAP (PSAP). Moreover, even in patients without hyperchloremia, increase in serum chloride (Δ[Cl-]) was still associated with AKI [OR = 1.65 (1.18-2.32)]. Area under the curve of the ROC curve (AUCROC) analysis found that Δ[Cl-] is a good predictor of AKI with an optimal cutoff point at 3.5 mmol/L, showing an AUCROC of 0.81. CONCLUSION Hyperchloremia is common in patients with AP and Δ[Cl-] and chloride exposure during the first 48 h were independent risk factors for AKI in MSAP and SAP patients.
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Zhao S, Yang J, Liu T, Zeng J, Mi L, Xiang K. Dexamethasone inhibits NF‑кBp65 and HMGB1 expression in the pancreas of rats with severe acute pancreatitis. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5345-5352. [PMID: 30365121 PMCID: PMC6236277 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) starts as a local inflammation of pancreatic tissue that induces the development of multiple extra-pancreatic organ dysfunction; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone (DXM) on pancreatic damage and to investigate the role of high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κBp65) in the development of SAP in animal and cell models. For the in vivo experiment, 35 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups: The sham-operation control group, the SAP group and the DXM treatment group. Histological analysis revealed that, when DXM was infused into SAP rats, edema formation and structural alterations with necrosis were reduced, and the number of apoptotic cells was markedly reduced. In addition, compared with the SAP group, the expression level of HMGB1 was significantly decreased in the nucleus and the expression level of NF-κBp65 was significantly decreased in the cytoplasm from rats treated with DXM. In vitro, DXM was able to suppress the apoptosis and cell death induced by caerulein (CAE), and DXM could suppress the expression of NF-κBp65 and HMGB1 induced by CAE, as demonstrated by western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. Therefore, these results provide an experimental basis for investigating the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of DXM treatment for SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangping Zhao
- ICU, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jinming Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Juanxian Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Liangliang Mi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Kaimin Xiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Hai W, Ping X, Zhi-Wen Y, Chun Z. Therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of pioglitazone in rats with severe acute pancreatitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 51:e6812. [PMID: 29267505 PMCID: PMC5731332 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (Card9) is located upstream of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inflammatory pathways. This study investigated the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of pioglitazone in rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). SAP was induced by a retrograde infusion of 5.0% sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct of Sprague Dawley rats (n=54), which were then treated with pioglitazone. Blood and pancreatic tissues were harvested at 3, 6, and 12 h after SAP induction. Pancreatic pathological damage was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Serum amylase, serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, and pancreatic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of Card9 mRNA and protein in pancreatic tissues was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Pioglitazone had a therapeutic effect in treating rats with SAP by decreasing the level of amylase activity, ameliorating pancreatic histological damage, decreasing serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and tissue MPO activity, and downregulating the expression of NF-κB, p38MAPK, and Card9 mRNAs and proteins (P<0.05). The present study demonstrated that the inhibition of Card9 expression could reduce the severity of SAP. Card9 has a role in the pathogenic mechanism of SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Hai
- Department of Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Songjiang Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Ping
- Shanghai Songjiang Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhi-Wen
- Shanghai Songjiang Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang Chun
- Shanghai Songjiang Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Zhou JM, Wang HM, Lv YZ, Wang ZZ, Xiao W. Anti-atherosclerotic effect of Longxuetongluo Capsule in high cholesterol diet induced atherosclerosis model rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:793-801. [PMID: 29112932 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese dragon's blood, the red resin of Dracaena cochinchinensis, one of the famous traditional medicines, has been used to promote blood circulation, disperse blood stasis, stop bleeding, relieve pain and muscle regeneration for thousands of years. The aims of this study were to evaluate the anti-atherosclerotic effect of Longxuetongluo Capsule (LTC), which made by total phenolic compounds of Chinese dragon's blood, in high cholesterol diet (HCD)-induced atherosclerosis model rats and explore the possible mechanism. Atherosclerosis rats were induced by administration of HCD for 4 weeks and treated with atorvastatin (2.08mg/kg/d) or various concentrations of LTC (81, 162 and 324mg/kg/d) for additional 4 weeks. Body weight (BW), lipid profiles, serum VCAM-1, ICAM-1, MCP-1, AST and ALT were then tested. Histopathological evaluation of aorta and liver were determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. NF-κB expression in aorta was detected by Immunohistochemical staining. Meanwhile, the inhibition effects of LTC on the migration and proliferation and Intracellular Ca2+ levels induced by PDGF-BB were also evaluated in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (A7r5). The results demonstrated that LTC produced a significant anti-atherosclerotic activity in terms of reduction in serum lipids and lipoprotein profile, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, MCP-1, AST, ALT levels, and increase in HDL-c level compared to atherosclerotic group. Rats treated with LTC not only attenuated the pathological region and atheroma formation, but also reduced hepatic steatosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. Immunohistochemical analysis showed LTC reduced NF-κB expression in aorta. Furthermore, PDGF-BB induced proliferation and migration of A7r5 and intracellular calcium rise were also abrogated by LTC. The results indicate that LTC prevents atherosclerosis and fatty liver by controlling lipid metabolism, the underlying mechanism may attributed to its anti-inflammation activity, regulation of the vascular smooth muscle function and intracellular calcium signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Zhou
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - H M Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Y Z Lv
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Z Z Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - W Xiao
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China.
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Xiao W, Jiang W, Li K, Hu Y, Li S, Zhou L, Wan R. Protective effect of asiatic acid in an experimental cerulein-induced model of acute pancreatitis in mice. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:3842-3852. [PMID: 28861174 PMCID: PMC5575197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA), a triterpenoid derived from the medicinal plant Centella asiatica, is considered to have anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and anti-tumor effects, but its effects in acute pancreatitis (AP) are unknown. Our purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of AA in a mouse model of cerulein-induced pancreatitis. We evaluated AA in an experimental model of AP induced in mice by six hourly intraperitoneal injections of cerulein 50 µg/kg. Mice were pretreated with vehicle or AA 50 mg/kg 2 h before the first cerulein injection. The severity of AP was evaluated histologically and by biochemistry, myeloperoxidase activity, proinflammatory cytokine production, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity. Administration of AA significantly reduced the severity of AP, and was associated with reduction of serum amylase and lipase levels, decreased pancreatic histological damage, and decreased myeloperoxidase activity. The serum levels and mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and NF-κB activity were reduced. AA also significantly improved the in vitro viability of pancreatic acinar cells induced by cholecystokinin (CCK) and suppressed NF-κB activity. AA protected against experimental AP, possibly by reducing production of proinflammatory cytokines via suppression NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University301 Yanchang Road, Jingan District, Shanghai 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiliang Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sisi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University301 Yanchang Road, Jingan District, Shanghai 200072, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China
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Ratheesh M, Svenia JP, Asha S, Sandya S, Girishkumar B, Krishnakumar IM. Anti-inflammatory effect of a novel formulation of coconut inflorescence sap against ox-LDL induced inflammatory responses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by modulating TLR-NF-κB signaling pathway. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1344339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ratheesh
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, India
| | - Jose P. Svenia
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, India
| | - S. Asha
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, India
| | - S. Sandya
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Guibing R, Xiping Z, Xiaowen D, Dehong Z, Hongjiang Y, Xiaoru M, Wenju M, Xiangming H, Shuai Z. EFFECTS OF SALVIA MILTIORRHIZAE ON THE KIDNEY OF RATS WITH SEVERE ACUTE PANCREATITIS AND OBSTRUTIVE JAUNDICE. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2017; 14:103-124. [PMID: 28573227 PMCID: PMC5446434 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and obstructive jaundice (OJ) are frequent recurring diseases that bring about huge threat to human health. Some reports have demonstrated that Salviae miltiorrhizae can protect multiple organs of SAP and OJ model animals or patients, but their related mechanisms were not clear. In this study, we observed the effects of Salvia miltiorrhizae injection on apoptosis and NF-κB expression in kidney and explored the protective effect and mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhizae on the kidney of SAP or OJ rats. The results obtained will provide a theoretical basis for clinical application of Salvia miltiorrhizae. Material and Methods: A total of 288 rats were used for SAP -and OJ-associated experiments. The mortality rates of rats, the contents of serum BUN and CREA, the expression levels of Bax, NF-κB proteins and the apoptosis index were observed, respectively. Results: The pathological changes in the kidney of SAP or OJ rats in treated group were mitigated to varying degrees. At 6 and 12 hours after operation in SAP rats or on 21 and 28 days after operation in OJ rats, the contents of serum CREA in treated group were significantly lower than those in model control group; At 3 and 6 hours after operation, the staining intensity of Bax protein of kidney in treated group was significantly lower than that in model control group; on 14 days after operation, the apoptosis index in the kidney of OJ rats in treated group was significantly lower than that in model control group. Conclusion: Salvia miltiorrhizae can exert protective effects on the kidney of SAP and OJ rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Guibing
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, PR China
| | - Zhang Xiping
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Ding Xiaowen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Zou Dehong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yang Hongjiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Meng Xiaoru
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, PR China
| | - Mo Wenju
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - He Xiangming
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Zhao Shuai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang Province, PR China
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Sun Y, He Y, Wang F, Zhang H, de Vos P, Sun J. Low-methoxyl lemon pectin attenuates inflammatory responses and improves intestinal barrier integrity in caerulein-induced experimental acute pancreatitis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 27921358 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common clinical acute abdominal disease. The intestinal injury associated with AP will aggravate the condition retroactively. This study investigates whether the low-methoxyl pectin (LMP) isolated from lemon could attenuate AP and associated intestinal injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Experimental AP was induced in BALB/c mice by caerulien (CAE) hyperstimulation. Nutritional prophylactic group was pre-fed with 5% LMP supplemented forage 3 days before AP induction. We found that LMP supplementation attenuated the severity of AP as evidenced by reduced serum amylase and lipase levels, pancreatic edema and myeloperoxidase activity. The protective effect was also confirmed by histological examination of pancreatic damage. LMP suppressed the production of pancreatic proinflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Moreover, LMP supplementation restored AP-associated disruption of intestinal barrier integrity as evidenced by upregulation of tight junction modulatory proteins occludin, zonula occludens (ZO)-1, antimicrobial peptides β-defensin-1 (DEFB1) and CRAMP as well as increase in SCFAs production. LMP supplemented mice with AP exhibited suppressed intestinal inflammation as shown by decreased ileal and colon cytokine production compared with CAE group. CONCLUSION Our results support dietary LMP supplementation as an effective nutritional intervention for AP and associated intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Yue He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Paul de Vos
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,Jiangnan University School of Medicine, Wuxi, P. R. China
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Ma L, Qian L, Ying Q, Zhang Y, Zhou C, Wu G. I 4, a synthetic anti-diabetes agent, attenuates atherosclerosis through its lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis properties. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 440:80-92. [PMID: 27725191 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Here, we investigated whether I4, which was initially developed as a hypoglycemic agent, possesses anti-atherosclerotic activity and attempted to elucidate the probable mechanism of action underlying this activity. ApoE-/- mice were fed a Western diet and simultaneously administered I4, glimepiride, or pioglitazone once daily for 12 weeks, and the atherosclerotic vascular lesions, lipid content, and expression levels of LOX-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and Bax/Bcl-2 in mouse aortas were assessed. RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cells were obtained via ox-LDL stimulation to investigate the lipid-lowering, anti-atherosclerotic inflammation and anti-apoptotic effect of I4. The data indicated that I4 significantly decreased the lipid accumulation in the circulation and tissue, especially for TG and FFA levels (p < 0.05 vs model group), alleviating the arterial and liver lesions induced by lipotoxicity. Its lipid-reducing effects may due to LOX-1and CD36 expression suppression. I4, at doses of 20 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, significantly decreased serum IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α production and suppressed the expression of p-ERK, p-p38, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 protein. I4 attenuated atherosclerotic inflammation by blocking NF-κB nuclear translocation, suppressing MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and diminishing NF-κB-VCAM-1 promoter region binding. Additionally, I4 suppressed p-p53 and cleaved-caspase-3 expression to inhibit foam cell apoptosis induced by ox-LDL uptake. Overall, I4 exerts potent inhibitory effects on atherosclerosis onset and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingman Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lifen Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qidi Ying
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Changlin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Guanzhong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Nilotinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor exhibits protection against acute pancreatitis-induced lung and liver damage in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 390:291-300. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Bhaskar S, Sudhakaran PR, Helen A. Quercetin attenuates atherosclerotic inflammation and adhesion molecule expression by modulating TLR-NF-κB signaling pathway. Cell Immunol 2016; 310:131-140. [PMID: 27585526 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion molecules expressed by activated endothelial cells play key role in regulating leukocyte trafficking to sites of inflammation. The present study attempted to explore whether the polyphenolic flavonoid quercetin influence leukocyte endothelial attraction and the involvement of TLR-NF-κB signaling pathway in the expression of adhesion molecules involved in the early development of atherosclerosis. Quercetin at 25μM concentration significantly reduced the HUVEC expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 evidently enhanced by oxLDL. In addition, quercetin significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of MCP-1 and alleviated the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit in oxLDL induced HUVECs. Western blot and PCR analyses revealed that quercetin significantly attenuated the expression of both protein and mRNA expression of TLR2 and TLR4. Quercetin supplementation significantly decreased the inflammatory mediators like COX, 5-LOX, MPO, NOS, CRP and the mRNA expression of the cytokine; IL-6 in hypercholesterolemic diet (HCD) fed atherosclerotic rats. The results demonstrate that quercetin is effective to regulate the atherosclerotic inflammatory process by inhibiting oxLDL induced endothelial leukocyte adhesion by attenuating the TLR-NF-κB signaling pathway in endothelial cells and decrease the inflammatory process induced by HCD in rats. Therefore, quercetin acts as anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic agent, which may have implications for strategies attenuating endothelial dysfunction-related atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobha Bhaskar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - P R Sudhakaran
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - A Helen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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Wang P, Wang W, Shi Q, Zhao L, Mei F, Li C, Zuo T, He X. Paeoniflorin ameliorates acute necrotizing pancreatitis and pancreatitis‑induced acute renal injury. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1123-31. [PMID: 27279569 PMCID: PMC4940107 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute renal injury caused by acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) is a common complication that is associated with a high rate of mortality. Paeoniflorin is the active ingredient of paeonia radix and exhibits a number of pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, analgesic and immunomodulatory effects. The present study detected the potential treatment effects of paeoniflorin on acute renal injury induced by ANP in a rat model. The optimal dose of paeoniflorin for preventing acute renal injury induced by ANP was determined. Then, the possible protective mechanism of paeoniflorin was investigated. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Renal inflammation and apoptosis were measured by immunohistochemistry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay. The expression of nitric oxide in kidney tissues was also evaluated. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were measured by western blotting. The results shown that paeoniflorin may ameliorate acute renal injury following ANP in rats by inhibiting inflammatory responses and renal cell apoptosis. These effects may be associated with the p38MAPK and nuclear factor-κB signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Weixing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Fangchao Mei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Teng Zuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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The Role of Eugenol in the Prevention of Acute Pancreatitis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: Experimental Study. HPB SURGERY : A WORLD JOURNAL OF HEPATIC, PANCREATIC AND BILIARY SURGERY 2016; 2016:3203147. [PMID: 26884642 PMCID: PMC4739212 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3203147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Aim. Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory intra-abdominal disease, which takes a severe form in 15–20% of patients and can result in high mortality especially when complicated by acute renal failure. The aim of this study is to assess the possible reduction in the extent of acute kidney injury after administration of eugenol in an experimental model of acute pancreatitis. Materials and Methods. 106 male Wistar rats weighing 220–350 g were divided into 3 groups: (1) Sham, with sham surgery; (2) Control, with induction of acute pancreatitis, through ligation of the biliopancreatic duct; and (3) Eugenol, with induction of acute pancreatitis and eugenol administration at a dose of 15 mg/kg. Serum urea and creatinine, histopathological changes, TNF-α, IL-6, and MPO activity in the kidneys were evaluated at predetermined time intervals. Results. The group that was administered eugenol showed milder histopathological changes than the Control group, TNF-α activity was milder in the Eugenol group, and there was no difference in activity for MPO and IL-6. Serum urea and creatinine levels were lower in the Eugenol group than in the Control group. Conclusions. Eugenol administration was protective for the kidneys in an experimental model of acute pancreatitis in rats.
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Feng C, Li B, Wang LL, Chen LI, Zhou X, Lv FQ, Li TS. Effect of peritoneal lavage with ulinastatin on the expression of NF-κB and TNF-α in multiple organs of rats with severe acute pancreatitis. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:2029-2034. [PMID: 26668591 PMCID: PMC4665968 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of peritoneal lavage with ulinastatin on the expression levels of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in multiple organs of rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following groups: Sham-operated (C), SAP model (SAP), saline lavage (SL), intravenous ulinastatin (IU) and peritoneal lavage with ulinastatin (UL). The SAP model was induced by the retrograde infusion of 5% sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic ducts of the rats. Intraperitoneal lavage or injection was performed immediately following the establishment of the SAP model in groups SL, IU and UL. Intraperitoneal lavage with or without ulinastatin was performed for 3 h. The survival time of half of the rats in each group was recorded over a 12-h period. At 3 h after the induction of SAP, inflammatory mediators and the expression levels of NF-κB and TNF-α in multiple organs of the rats in each group were also detected. The survival rates of the rats in group UL at 6 h and 9 h were increased compared with those in group SAP, and were also higher than that in groups SL and IU. The levels of serum inflammatory mediators were effectively reduced in groups SL, IU and UL, the greatest effects were observed in group UL. The expression levels of NF-κB and TNF-α in multiple organs were significantly lower in group UL compared with other groups. Intraperitoneal lavage with ulinastatin significantly ameliorated the inflammatory reaction and inhibited NF-κB and TNF-α expression in multiple organs of SAP model rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Feng
- Department of Emergency, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China ; Li-Shi Road Outpatient Department, Second Artillery General Hospital of the PLA, Beijing 100820, P.R. China
| | - Bei Li
- Department of Emergency, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- Department of Emergency, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - L I Chen
- Department of Emergency, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Emergency, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Fa-Qin Lv
- Department of Ultrasound, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Tan-Shi Li
- Department of Emergency, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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A breakthrough on Amanita phalloides poisoning: an effective antidotal effect by polymyxin B. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:2305-23. [PMID: 26385100 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Amanita phalloides is responsible for more than 90 % of mushroom-related fatalities, and no effective antidote is available. α-Amanitin, the main toxin of A. phalloides, inhibits RNA polymerase II (RNAP II), causing hepatic and kidney failure. In silico studies included docking and molecular dynamics simulation coupled to molecular mechanics with generalized Born and surface area method energy decomposition on RNAP II. They were performed with a clinical drug that shares chemical similarities to α-amanitin, polymyxin B. The results show that polymyxin B potentially binds to RNAP II in the same interface of α-amanitin, preventing the toxin from binding to RNAP II. In vivo, the inhibition of the mRNA transcripts elicited by α-amanitin was efficiently reverted by polymyxin B in the kidneys. Moreover, polymyxin B significantly decreased the hepatic and renal α-amanitin-induced injury as seen by the histology and hepatic aminotransferases plasma data. In the survival assay, all animals exposed to α-amanitin died within 5 days, whereas 50 % survived up to 30 days when polymyxin B was administered 4, 8, and 12 h post-α-amanitin. Moreover, a single dose of polymyxin B administered concomitantly with α-amanitin was able to guarantee 100 % survival. Polymyxin B protects RNAP II from inactivation leading to an effective prevention of organ damage and increasing survival in α-amanitin-treated animals. The present use of clinically relevant concentrations of an already human-use-approved drug prompts the use of polymyxin B as an antidote for A. phalloides poisoning in humans.
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20
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Xue QM, Pan H, Huang L, Li N. Effects of Acupuncture at St25 on Inflammatory Mediators and Nuclear Factor κB Activation in a Rat Model of Severe Acute Pancreatitis. Acupunct Med 2015; 33:299-304. [PMID: 25979864 DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2014-010609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) and manual acupuncture (MA) at ST25 on inflammatory mediators and nuclear factor κ-B (NF-κB) activation in rats with sodium taurocholate-induced severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods Eighty-eight male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (sham-operated), SAP, SAP+EA and SAP+MA (n=22 each). A SAP model was established by injecting 3.5% sodium taurocholate 1 mL/kg into the pancreatic duct. In each group, animals were killed at t=3 h (n=7), 6 h (n=7) and 12 h (n=8) after the procedure. Pancreatic expression of NF-κB was examined by immunohistochemical staining. The levels of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in serum were determined by ELISA. Pathological changes in the pancreas were examined microscopically. Results Serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 increased and morphological changes consistent with tissue damage were observed in the pancreas of SAP rats. NF-κB p65 expression was significantly higher in the SAP group than in the sham-operated group (p<0.05). Treatment with acupuncture at ST25 attenuated morphological damage and reduced levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum. NF-κB p65 expression was also significantly reduced by acupuncture at ST25 in the pancreas at 6 and 12 h after the procedure (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between the SAP+EA and SAP+MA groups. Conclusions Acupuncture at ST25 might have a therapeutic effect on rats with SAP through inhibition of NF-κB expression and a reduction in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ming Xue
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Dong LH, Liu ZM, Wang SJ, Zhao SJ, Zhang D, Chen Y, Wang YS. Corticosteroid therapy for severe acute pancreatitis: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:7654-60. [PMID: 26339332 PMCID: PMC4555660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports about the benefits of corticosteroid therapy in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) have shown conflicting results. We aimed to explore the effects of corticosteroid therapy in SAP patients on patient outcomes by performing a meta-analysis. METHODS Databases (Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedicine Database, and China Academic Journal Full-Text Database) were queried for all relevant, randomized, controlled trials investigating corticosteroid therapy in patients with SAP. RESULTS Six randomized, controlled trials including 430 SAP patients were identified. Corticosteroid therapy for SAP was associated with reductions in the length of hospital stay, the need for surgical intervention, and the mortality rate (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -9.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -16.91 to -2.04, P = 0.01; odds ratio [OR]: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.18-0.67, P = 0.002; OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.22-0.94, P = 0.03). There were no significant differences in the complication rates or Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores in patients with or without corticosteroid therapy. CONCLUSION Corticosteroid therapy may improve outcomes in patients with SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Dong
- Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021, China
- Intensive Care Unit, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130041, China
| | - Zhong-Min Liu
- Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021, China
| | - Shi-Ji Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021, China
| | - Shu-Jie Zhao
- Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021, China
| | - Yu-Shan Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021, China
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Qiu L, Yin G, Cheng L, Fan Y, Xiao W, Yu G, Xing M, Jia R, Sun R, Ma X, Hu G, Wang X, Tang M, Zhao Y. Astragaloside IV ameliorates acute pancreatitis in rats by inhibiting the activation of nuclear factor-κB. Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:625-36. [PMID: 25604657 PMCID: PMC4314416 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of astragaloside IV (AS-IV; 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-6-O-β-D-glucopyranosylcycloastragenol), which has been reported to have comprehensive pharmacological functions, on sodium taurocholate (NaTc)/L-arginine (L-Arg)-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) in rats in vivo and in rat pancreatic acinar cells in vitro. NaTc-induced experimental AP was induced in rats by injecting 4% NaTc (0.1 ml/100 g) in the retrograde direction of the biliopancreatic duct. L-Arg-induced experimental AP was induced in rats by 2 intraperitoneal injections of 20% L-arg (3 g/kg), with an interval of 1 h between the injections. The rats were pre-treated AS-IV (50 mg/kg) or the vehicle (DMSO) 2 h prior to the induction of AP. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, H&E staining, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the effects of AS-IV on AP. The results revealed that treatment with AS-IV significantly reduced serum amylase and lipase levels, pancreatic pathological alterations, the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, MPO activity, and the protein expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in vivo. Moreover, pre-treatment with AS-IV significantly increased the expression levels of manganese superoxide dismutase and cuprum/zinc superoxide dismutase. In the in vitro experiment, treatment of the cells with AS-IV aslo reduced rat pancreatic acinar cell necrosis and nuclear NF-κB activity, and enhanced the protein expression of superoxide dismutase. In conclusion, this study indicates that the protective effects of AS-IV on experimental AP in rats may be closely related to the inhibition of NF-κB. In addition, our results indicate that AS-IV may exert potential antioxidant effects on AP. Therefore, AS-IV may be an effective therapeutic agent for AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Guojian Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Wenqin Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Ge Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Miao Xing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Rongrong Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqing Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Xiuying Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Guoyong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xingpeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Maochun Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
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Catalpol ameliorates sodium taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis in rats via inhibiting activation of nuclear factor kappa B. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:11957-72. [PMID: 25000266 PMCID: PMC4139823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150711957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalpol, an iridoid glucoside extracted from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Rehmannia glutinosa, is reported to exert neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-apoptotic effects. The main aim of the present study was to investigate whether catalpol ameliorates experimental acute pancreatitis (AP) induced by sodium taurocholate (STC). AP was induced in rats via retrograde injection of 4% STC (0.1 mL/100 g) into the biliopancreatic duct. Rats were pre-treated with saline or catalpol (50 mg/kg) 2 h before STC injection. At 12, 24 and 48 h after injection, the severity of AP was evaluated using biochemical and morphological analyses. Pretreatment with catalpol led to a significant reduction in serum amylase and lipase activities, pancreatic histological damage, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels, and activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Moreover, administration of catalpol increased the viability of pancreatic acinar cells and inhibited NF-κB expression in vitro. Our results collectively support the potential of catalpol as a highly effective therapeutic agent for treatment of AP.
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Yu G, Wan R, Yin G, Xiong J, Hu Y, Xing M, Cang X, Fan Y, Xiao W, Qiu L, Wang X, Hu G. Diosmetin ameliorates the severity of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in mice by inhibiting the activation of the nuclear factor-κB. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:2133-2142. [PMID: 24966921 PMCID: PMC4069971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Diosmetin (3', 5, 7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone), the aglycone part of the flavonoid glycosides diosmin occurs naturally in citrus fruit, was considered to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of diosmetin in a murine model of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP). Experimental AP was induced in mice by seven intraperitoneal injection of cerulein (50 ug/kg) at hourly intervals. Diosmetin (100 mg/kg) or vehicle was pretreated 2 h before the first cerulein injection. After 6 h, 9 h, 12 h of the first cerulein injection, the severity of acute pancreatitis was evaluated biochemically and morphologically. Pretreatment with diosmetin significantly reduced serum levels of amylase and lipase; the histological injury; the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6; myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, trypsinogen activation peptide (TAP) level, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS); and the nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation in cerulein-induced AP. This study showed that administration of diosmetin demonstrated a beneficial effect on the course of cerulein-induced AP in mice. Therefore, diosmetin may become a new therapeutic agent in future clinical trials for treatment of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine301 Yanchang Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guojian Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine301 Yanchang Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine301 Yanchang Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanling Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine301 Yanchang Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miao Xing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine301 Yanchang Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Cang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine301 Yanchang Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuting Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine301 Yanchang Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenqin Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine301 Yanchang Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine301 Yanchang Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingpeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine301 Yanchang Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai 200072, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoyong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine301 Yanchang Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai 200072, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China
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Bettaieb A, Xi Y, Hosein E, Coggins N, Bachaalany S, Wiede F, Perez S, Griffey SM, Sastre J, Tiganis T, Haj FG. Pancreatic T cell protein-tyrosine phosphatase deficiency ameliorates cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. Cell Commun Signal 2014; 12:13. [PMID: 24606867 PMCID: PMC4016516 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-12-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common clinical problem whose incidence has been progressively increasing in recent years. Onset of the disease is trigged by intra-acinar cell activation of digestive enzyme zymogens that induce autodigestion, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acinar cell injury. T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP) is implicated in inflammatory signaling but its significance in AP remains unclear. Results In this study we assessed the role of pancreatic TCPTP in cerulein-induced AP. TCPTP expression was increased at the protein and messenger RNA levels in the early phase of AP in mice and rats. To directly determine whether TCPTP may have a causal role in AP we generated mice with pancreatic TCPTP deletion (panc-TCPTP KO) by crossing TCPTP floxed mice with Pdx1-Cre transgenic mice. Amylase and lipase levels were lower in cerulein-treated panc-TCPTP KO mice compared with controls. In addition, pancreatic mRNA and serum concentrations of the inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-6 were lower in panc-TCPTP KO mice. At the molecular level, panc-TCPTP KO mice exhibited enhanced cerulein-induced STAT3 Tyr705 phosphorylation accompanied by a decreased cerulein-induced NF-κB inflammatory response, and decreased ER stress and cell death. Conclusion These findings revealed a novel role for pancreatic TCPTP in the progression of cerulein-induced AP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fawaz G Haj
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Ou JM, Zhang XP, Wu CJ, Wu DJ, Yan P. Effects of dexamethasone and Salvia miltiorrhiza on multiple organs in rats with severe acute pancreatitis. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2013; 13:919-31. [PMID: 23125085 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1100351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of action of dexamethasone and Salvia miltiorrhiza on multiple organs in rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS The rats were divided into sham-operated, model control, dexamethasone treated, and Salvia miltiorrhiza treated groups. At 3, 6, and 12 h after operation, the mortality rate of different groups, pathological changes, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) protein expression levels in multiple organs (the pancreas, liver, kidneys, and lungs), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) protein levels (only in the liver), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) protein levels (only in the lung), and terminal deoxynucleotidy transferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining expression levels, as well as the serum contents of amylase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (CREA) were observed. RESULTS The mortality rate of the dexamethasone treated group was significantly lower than that of the model control group (P<0.05). The pathological changes in multiple organs in the two treated groups were relieved to different degrees (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively), the expression levels of Bax and NF-κB proteins, and apoptotic indexes of multiple organs were reduced (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). The contents of amylase, GPT, GOT, BUN, and CREA in the two treated groups were significantly lower than those in model control groups (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). The expression level of ICAM-1 protein in the lungs (at 3 and 12 h) in the dexamethasone treated group was significantly lower than that in the Salvia miltiorrhiza treated group (P<0.05). The serum contents of CREA (at 12 h) and BUN (at 6 h) of the Salvia miltiorrhiza treated group were significantly lower than those in the dexamethasone treated group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both dexamethasone and Salvia miltiorrhiza can reduce the inflammatory reaction, regulate apoptosis, and thus protect multiple organs of rats with SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-min Ou
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Petejova N, Martinek A. Acute kidney injury following acute pancreatitis: A review. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2013; 157:105-13. [PMID: 23774848 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2013.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKROUND. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common serious complication of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and an important marker of morbidity and mortality in critically ill septic patients. AKI due to severe acute pancreatitis can be the result of hypoxemia, release of pancreatic amylase from the injured pancreas with impairment of renal microcirculation, decrease in renal perfusion pressure due to abdominal compartment syndrome, intraabdominal hypertension or hypovolemia. Endotoxins and reactive oxygen species (ROS) also play an important role in the pathophysiology of SAP and AKI. Knowledge of the pathophysiology and diagnosis of AKI following SAP might improve the therapeutic outcome of critically ill patients. METHODS AND RESULTS An overview of the pathophysiology, diagnosis and potential treatment options based on a literature search of clinical human and experimental studies from 1987 to 2013. CONCLUSIONS Early recognition of AKI and SAP in order to prevent severe complication like septic shock, intraabdominal hypertension or abdominal compartment syndrome leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome is a crucial tool of therapeutic measures in intensive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Petejova
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic.
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Stollenwerk MM, Lasson Å, Andersson R. Active site–inactivated factor VIIa inhibits nuclear factor kappa B activation in intestinal ischemia and reperfusion. J Surg Res 2012; 178:692-9. [PMID: 22920553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Elder ASF, Saccone GTP, Dixon DL. Lung injury in acute pancreatitis: mechanisms underlying augmented secondary injury. Pancreatology 2011; 12:49-56. [PMID: 22487475 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form, the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), are common complications of acute pancreatitis (AP). ALI/ARDS contribute to the majority of AP-associated deaths, particularly in the setting of secondary infection. Following secondary pulmonary infection there can be an exacerbation of AP-associated lung injury, greater than the sum of the individual injuries alone. The precise mechanisms underlying this synergism, however, are not known. In this review we discuss the main factors contributing to the development of augmented lung injury following secondary infection during AP and review the established models of AP in regard to the development of associated ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison S F Elder
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
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Zhang XP, Jiang J, Cheng QH, Ye Q, Li WJ, Zhu H, Shen JY. Protective effects of Ligustrazine, Kakonein and Panax Notoginsenoside on the small intestine and immune organs of rats with severe acute pancreatitis. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2011; 10:632-7. [PMID: 22146628 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(11)60107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is characterized by fatal pathogenic conditions and a high mortality. It is important to study SAP complicated with multiple organ injury. In this study we compared the protective effects of three traditional Chinese medicines (Ligustrazine, Kakonein and Panax Notoginsenoside) on the small intestine and immune organs (thymus, spleen and lymph nodes) of rats with SAP and explored their mechanism of action. METHODS One hundred forty-four rats with SAP were randomly divided into model control, Ligustrazine-treated, Kakonein-treated, and Panax Notoginsenoside-treated groups (n=36 per group). Another 36 normal rats comprised the sham-operated group. According to the different time points after operation, the experimental rats in each group were subdivided into 3-, 6- and 12-hour subgroups (n=12). At various time points after operation, the mortality rate of rats and pathological changes in the small intestine and immune organs were recorded and the serum amylase levels were measured. RESULTS Compared to the model control groups, the mortality rates in all treated groups declined and the pathological changes in the small intestine and immune tissues were relieved to different degrees. The serum amylase levels in the three treated groups were significantly lower than those in the model control group at 12 hours. The pathological severity scores for the small intestinal mucosa, thymus and spleen (at 3 and 12 hours) in the Ligustrazine-treated group, for the thymus (at 3 and 12 hours) and spleen (at 3 and 6 hours) in the Kakonein-treated group, and for the thymus (at 3 hours) and spleen (at 3 hours) in the Panax Notoginsenoside-treated group were significantly lower than those in the model control group. The pathological severity scores of the small intestinal mucosa (at 6 and 12 hours) and thymus (at 6 hours) in the Ligustrazine-treated group were significantly lower than those in the Kakonein- and Panax Notoginsenoside-treated groups. CONCLUSIONS All the three traditional Chinese drugs significantly alleviated the pathological changes in the small intestine and immune organs of SAP rats. Ligustrazine was the most effective one among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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Kan SH, Huang F, Tang J, Gao Y, Yu CL. Role of intrapulmonary expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene and nuclear factor kappaB activation in severe pancreatitis-associated lung injury. Inflammation 2010; 33:287-94. [PMID: 20143141 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-010-9184-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the relationship of intrapulmonary activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA with pulmonary injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Fifty-four Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation (control) group (n = 18), SAP group (n = 18), and pyrrolindine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) pretreated group (n = 18). A SAP model was induced by retrograde injected 5% sodium taurocholate into the bile-pancreatic duct (1 ml/kg). PDTC-pretreated SAP rats were given 100 mg/kg body weight PDTC intraperitoneally before pancreatitis was induced. Six rats from each group were sacrificed at 3, 6, and 12 h after modeling. Activation of NF-kappaB in pulmonary tissues and pancreas tissues was detected by immunohistochemical methods. Intrapulmonary expression of iNOSmRNA was assayed by fluorogenic quantitative reverse transcription polymerize chain reaction. The expression of NF-kappaB in the SAP group in pulmonary tissues was enhanced significantly at any measure point compared with control group (58.4 +/- 10.8 vs. 3.8 +/- 1.8, 119.8 +/- 17.8 vs. 5.2 +/- 2.4, and 90.2 +/- 14.4 vs. 4.7 +/- 2.2, P < 0.01). But the expressions of NF-kappaB in the PDTC group were significantly lower than those in SAP group (54.3 +/- 9.6 vs. 58.4 +/- 10.8, 93.9 +/- 7.9 vs. 119.8 +/- 17.8, and 82.2 +/- 13.3 vs. 90.2 +/- 14.4, P < 0.05). The number of positive cells in SAP group and PDTC group reached its peak at 6 h and then declined. The expression of iNOSmRNA in PDTC groups was significantly weaker than that in SAP group (2.0 +/- 0.8 vs. 2.2 +/- 1.9, 2.4 +/- 1.2 vs. 4.6 +/- 1.8, and 1.5 +/- 0.8 vs. 3.2 +/- 1.5, P < 0.05). The activation of NF-kappaB may be involved in the SAP lung injury through regulating the expression of iNOSmRNA. PDTC might inhibit the activation of NF-kappaB and then reduce the expression of iNOSmRNA and effectively alleviate the severity of lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-hai Kan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, China
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Xiping Z, Yan P, Xinmei H, Guanghua F, Meili M, Jie N, Fangjie Z. Effects of dexamethasone and Salvia miltiorrhizae on the small intestine and immune organs of rats with severe acute pancreatitis. Inflammation 2010; 33:259-66. [PMID: 20127399 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-010-9180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To observe the protecting effects and mechanisms of Dexamethasone and Salviae miltiorrhizae on intestinal mucosa and immune organs (spleen, thymus and lymph node) in rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). The rats were randomly divided into sham-operated, model control, Dexamethasone treated group and Salviae miltiorrhizae treated group. At 3, 6 and 12 h after operation, the mortality rate, pathological changes of intestinal mucosa and immune organs as well as the contents of serum PAF, IL-1 beta and sIL-2R were observed, respectively. The mortality rate and the contents of PAF (at 3 and 6 h), IL-1 beta (at all time points) and sIL-2R (at 3 and 6 h) as well as the pathological scores of thymus (at all time points) and spleen (at 3 h) in Dexamethasone treated group were significantly lower than those in model control groups (P < 0.05). The contents of PAF (at 3 and 12 h), IL-1 beta (at 6 and 12 h) and sIL-2R (at 3 and 6 h) as well as the pathological scores of thymus (at all time points) and spleen (at 3 and 12 h) in Salviae miltiorrhizae treated group were markedly lower than those in model control groups (P < 0.05). Since both Dexamethasone and Salvia miltiorrhizae can reduce the contents of serum PAF, sIL-2R and IL-1 beta, mitigate the pathological changes in the small intestine, spleen and thymus and reduce the mortality rate of SAP rats, they show good therapeutic effects on SAP rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Xiping
- Department of General Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
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Ramudo L, Yubero S, Manso MA, Recio JS, Weruaga E, De Dios I. Effect of dexamethasone on peripheral blood leukocyte immune response in bile-pancreatic duct obstruction-induced acute pancreatitis. Steroids 2010; 75:362-7. [PMID: 20152847 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2010.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to analyze the effects of dexamethasone (Dx) (1mg/kg), prophylactically or therapeutically administered, on the inflammatory response triggered by peripheral blood leukocytes during acute pancreatitis (AP) induced in rats by bile-pancreatic duct obstruction (BPDO) and their consequences in the progress of the disease. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the distribution of the major leukocyte populations, the CD45 expression and the activated state of monocytes as reflected by the membrane-bound intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and monocyte chemoattract protein-1 (MCP-1) in response to lipopolysaccaride (LPS). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plasma levels, pancreatic fluid content and histology of pancreas sections were also evaluated. Dx, given either before or after AP, blunted the monocyte increase induced by BPDO-induced AP, but did not change lymphocyte and neutrophil counts. Membrane-bound ICAM-1 expression did not vary in circulating monocytes during BPDO, either in Dx-treated or non-treated rats. Both Dx treatments inhibited TNF-alpha and MCP-1 production in non-stimulated and LPS-stimulated monocytes, whose response was found to be higher than in controls from early AP. Leukocyte CD45 expression was found to be reduced in rats with AP and shifted to control values in Dx-post-treated rats. Cytokinemia as well as pancreatic edema and leukocyte infiltration found in BPDO rats were reduced by Dx given either before or after AP. We conclude that prophylactic and therapeutic Dx treatments inhibited the inflammatory response triggered by circulating leukocytes in rats with BPDO-induced AP, thus contributing to reducing the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ramudo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Zhang X, Feng G, Jiang J, Tian H, Chen L, Cai Y, Shou Y, Ma J, Ma M, Zhu F. Effect of baicalin and octreotide on the expression levels of P-selectin protein in multiple organs of rats with severe acute pancreatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 24:1753-62. [PMID: 19780886 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.05902.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of baicalin and octreotide on the expression levels of P-selectin protein in multiple organs of rats with severe acute pancreatitis and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into sham-operated, model control, baicalin-treated and octreotide-treated groups. At 3, 6 and 12 h after operation, the mortality rates of rats, the contents of plasma endotoxin as well as serum NO and ET-1, the pathological changes in multiple organs, and the expression levels of P-selectin protein in each group were observed. RESULTS At 12 h after operation, the mortality rates of rats in treated groups were significantly lower than that in the model control group (P < 0.05), and the pathological severity scores in multiple organs in treated groups were also significantly lower than those in the model control group (P < 0.05). The contents of plasma endotoxin, serum PLA(2) (at 6 and 12 h after operation), ET-1 and NO (at 3 and 12 h after operation) in treated groups were significantly lower than those in the model control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01 or P < 0.001). In the baicalin-treated group, the expression levels of P-selectin protein in liver (at 3 h after operation), kidney (at 3 and 6 h after operation), pancreas, lung and spleen were significantly lower than those in the model control group (P < 0.01). In the octreotide-treated group, the expression levels of this protein in lung, intestinal mucosa (at 6 and 12 h after operation), lymph nodes (at 3 and 6 h after operation), spleen and thymus were significantly lower than those in the model control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the products of the staining intensity and positive rate of P-selectin protein in pancreas, spleen (at 3 h after operation), intestinal mucosa (at 6 h after operation), thymus (at 6 h after operation) and lung (at 6 h after operation) in treated groups were significantly lower than those in the model control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Both baicalin and octreotide can exert some protective effects on multiple organs and the former is superior to the latter in protecting pancreas. Furthermore, decreasing the expression levels of P-selectin protein in these organs is one of the possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, China.
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Xiping Z, Dijiong W, Jianfeng L, Qihui C, Jing Y, Penghui J, Meijuan Y, Ninni Z. Effects of Salvia miltiorrhizae on ICAM-1, TLR4, NF-kappaB and Bax proteins expression in multiple organs of rats with severe acute pancreatitis or obstructive jaundice. Inflammation 2009; 32:218-32. [PMID: 19434485 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-009-9124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To observe the protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhizae injection on multiple organs of rats with SAP or OJ. Two hundred eighty-eight rats were used for SAP-associated experiments and OJ-associated experiments. The rats were randomly divided into sham-operated, model control and treated group. According to the different time points after operation, the SAP rats in each group were subdivided into 3, 6 and 12 h groups while the OJ rats were divided into 7, 14, 21 and 28 days groups. The mortality rates, pathological changes and ICAM-1 (only in lung), TLR4 (only in liver), Bax and NF-kappaB proteins expression in multiple organs (liver, kidney, lung, intestinal mucosa, spleen, thymus and lymph nodes) were observed, respectively. The mortality rates of treated groups decreased in both SAP and OJ experiments. Compared to model control group, the pathological changes can be seen in treated groups including; (1) the pathological changes of multiple organs in SAP and OJ experiments were improved, the pathological severity scores of kidney (at 6 h), intestinal mucosa (at 12 h), spleen (at 6 and 12 h), thymus (at 3 and 6 h) and lymph nodes (at 3 and 6 h) in SAP experiment and of liver (on 21 and 28 days), lung (21 days), intestinal mucosa (on 21 and 28 days) and spleen (on 21 and 28 days) in OJ experiment significantly declined (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); (2) the positive rate of Bax protein in pancreas (at 3 h) and liver (on 6 and 12 h) in SAP experiment and in liver (on 28 days), kidney (on 21 days), and thymus (on 28 days) in OJ experiment were significantly lower (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); (3) the positive rate of NF-kappaB in liver (at 12 h) and kidney (at 6 h) in SAP experiment and in liver (on 21 days), kidney (on 28 days), intestinal mucosa (on 28 days) and thymus (on 14 days) in OJ experiment significantly decreased (P < 0.05). (4) the positive rate of ICAM-1 in lungs (at 12 h) in SAP experiment was significantly less (P < 0.05). Salvia miltiorrhizae injection can protect multiple organs of SAP or OJ rats and inhibit the expression of ICAM-1, TLR4, NF-kappaB and regulate Bax proteins. Salvia miltiorrhizae may relieve the inflammation response and enhance the immunity function of SAP and OJ rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Xiping
- Department of General Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang Province, China.
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Xiping Z, Jun F, Jie Z, Bingyan Y, Jing M, Wei Z, Jing Y, Penghui J, Wenqin Y, Ninnin Z, Jiao H. Influence of dexamethasone on the expression levels of P-selectin protein in multiple organs of rats with severe acute pancreatitis. Inflamm Res 2009; 59:31-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-009-0067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Revised: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Axelsson J, Andersson E, Andersson R, Lasson Å. Nuclear factor-κB activation in response to active site-inhibited factor VIIa pretreatment during acute pancreatitis in the rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/17471060801886167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Zhang X, Chen L, Zhang J, Tian H, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Wang K. Effect of salvia miltiorrhizae on apoptosis and NF-kappaB p65 expression in the liver of rats with severe acute pancreatitis or obstructive jaundice. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 24:841-52. [PMID: 19067778 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2008.05692.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanism of salvia miltiorrhizae in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) or obstructive jaundice (OJ). METHODS SAP rat models were prepared and randomly divided into the model control group and treated group. The sham-operated group was also set. At 3 h, 6 h and 12 h after operation, the mortality rate, the pathological changes in the liver, the contents of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum, the expression levels of Bax and NF-kappaB p65 proteins in the liver, and the apoptosis index of hepatic cells in SAP rats in each group were observed. On days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after operation, the above parameters and the contents of TBILI (total billirubin), DBILI (direct bilirubin) and r-GT (r-glutamyl transpeptidase) in serum in OJ rats were observed. RESULTS The contents of serum ALT (at 6 h and 12 h after operation) and AST (at 3 h and 12 h after operation) as well as the staining intensity of NF-kappaB p65 protein (at 12 h after operation) in the liver of SAP rats in the treated group were significantly lower than those in model control group (all P < 0.01). The pathological severity scores (on 21 d and 28 d after operation) in the liver, the contents of serum ALT (on 14 d and 21 d after operation), AST (on 21 d after operation), TBILI (on 21 d and 28 d after operation), DBILI (on 28 d after operation) and r-GT (on 21 d after operation), and the apoptosis index of hepatic cells in OJ rats in treated group were significantly lower than those in model control group (all P < 0.05). The positive rates of Bax protein (on 28 d after operation) in treated group was significantly lower than model control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Salvia miltiorrhizae is able to improve the liver function of SAP or OJ rats, suppress the expression of NF-kappaB p65 protein in the liver of SAP rats, and inhibit apoptosis in OJ rats, thereby showing some protective effects on the liver of SAP or OJ rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Tian H, Zhang X, Wu C, Chen L, Ying R, Ye J, Yu B, Ye Q, Pan Y, Ma M, Zhu F. Effects of Baicalin and Octreotide on the serum TNF-alpha level and apoptosis in multiple organs of rats with severe acute pancreatitis. Inflammation 2009; 32:191-201. [PMID: 19387806 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-009-9120-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of Baicalin and Octreotide on the levels of endotoxin and TNF-alpha in blood and the effects of apoptotic changes in multiple organs of SAP rats, and explored the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of Baicalin and Octreotide. In this study, 135 SAP rats were randomly divided into model control, Baicalin treated and Octreotide treated group (n = 45), respectively, the same number of normal rats were included in sham-operated group (n = 45). The above-mentioned groups were further subdivided into 3, 6 and 12 h subgroups, respectively (15 rats in each subgroup). At 3, 6 and 12 h after operation, the mortality rate of rats, endotoxin and TNF-alpha levels in blood as well as the pathological severity scores, expression levels of Bax protein and apoptosis indexes in multiple organs were determined. Compared to model control group (1),both drugs can relieve the pathological injuries of multiple organs and decrease significantly the levels of endotoxin and TNF-alpha in blood and the mortality rate of rats in treated groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); (2) the expression of Bax protein was upregulated in pancreas, lung, intestinal mucosa (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) but downregulated in spleen and lymph nodes (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively) in Baicalin treated group; The apoptosis indexes significantly increased in pancreas, intestinal mucosa, lymph nodes and spleen (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). (3) the expression of Bax protein was upregulated in pancreas and lung but downregulated in spleen and lymph nodes (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) in Octreotide treated group; The apoptosis indexes significantly increased in lymph nodes and spleen in Octreotide treated group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Baicalin and Octreotide share a similar therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of SAP via a mechanism that is associated with inhibiting the levels of TNF-alpha in blood and induce apoptosis in multiple organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Xiaoshan First People's Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Ucan BH, Irkorucu O, Cakmak GK, Tascilar O, Tekin IO, Acikgoz S, Emre AU, Bahadir B, Ankarali H, Comert M. Erythropoietin: a possible cytoprotective cytokine in acute necrotizing pancreatitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 16:530-7. [PMID: 19333535 DOI: 10.1007/s00534-009-0082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Despite decades of research and clinical trials, a specific therapeutic treatment for acute pancreatitis (AP) has yet to be developed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of erythropoietin on the severity of taurocolic acid-induced acute necrotizing pancreatitis. METHODS Forty-seven male Wistar albino rats were randomized into seven experimental groups. In group I, animals were sham-operated (n = 5). In groups II, III, IV, IIepo, IIIepo, and IVepo, AP was induced by sodium taurodeoxycholate treatment (n = 7). In groups II, III, and IV, 1 ml normal saline and in groups IIepo, IIIepo, and IVepo, 1000 U/kg body weight erythropoietin (EPO) was administered intramuscularly immediately after the induction of AP. Animals were killed at 24, 48, and 72 h postoperatively. Histopathological and biochemical evaluations were performed. RESULTS The serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tissue levels of malondialdehyde were found to be significantly lower in EPO-administered groups when compared with the levels in groups without EPO treatment. The severity of pancreatic edema, acinar necrosis, inflammation, and perivascular infiltrate were reduced in all the EPO groups compared with the no-treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings may reflect the possible cytoprotective effect of EPO in acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulent Hamdi Ucan
- Zonguldak Karaelmas University, School of Medicine, Zonguldak, Turkey
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Influence of baicalin and octreotide on NF-kappaB and p-selectin expression in liver and kidney of rats with severe acute pancreatitis. Inflammation 2009; 32:1-11. [PMID: 19030975 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-008-9096-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To observe the influence of Baicalin and Octreotide on liver and kidney of rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and discuss the related mechanism. SAP rats were randomly divided into model control, Baicalin treated and Octreotide treated group (n = 45). The same number of normal rats were included in sham-operated group (n = 45). In all groups, the mortality rate, pathological changes as well as expression levels of NF-kappaB p65 and P-selectin protein in liver and kidney were observed at 3, 6 and 12 h after operation. The survival rate of treated group was 100% at 12 h significantly higher than that of model control group (P < 0.05). The pathological changes of liver and kidney in treated groups were alleviated to different degrees, the NF-kappaB protein expression levels and pathological severity scores in liver and kidney of treated groups were significantly lower than those of model control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.001). The hepatic P-selectin protein expression level in Baicalin treated group was significantly lower than that of model control group at 3 h (P < 0.01), and renal P-selectin expression level in Baicalin treated group at 3 and 6 h were significantly lower than those of model control group and Octreotide treated group (P < 0.01). (1) Early treatment with Baicalin or Octreotide have obvious protecting effects on liver and kidney injuries in SAP with their mechanisms associated to inhibiting NF-kappaB and P-selectin expression of liver and kidney. (2) Comparing the pharmacologic effects of Octreotide and Baicalin, we believe Baicalin as a new drug with its protecting effects on liver and kidney of SAP rats similar to Octreotide is worth further studying. (3) The advantages of tissue microarrays in pathological examination include time and energy saving and highly efficient. But the restriction of small diameter weakens the representation of tissues to various extents, which may lead to the deviation of analysis.
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Xiong J, Zhu S, Zhou Y, Wu H, Wang C. Regulation of omega-3 fish oil emulsion on the SIRS during the initial stage of severe acute pancreatitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 29:35-8. [PMID: 19224159 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-009-0107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the effects of parenteral supplementation with omega-3 fish oil emulsion (Omegaven) on systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) during the initial stage of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). In a prospective, randomized and controlled trial, 60 patients with SAP were randomized either to treat with conventional therapy (Con group, n=30) or conventional therapy plus intravenous supplementation with omega-3 fish oil emulsion 0.2 g/kg every day (FO group, n=30). The effects were analyzed by the SIRS-related indexes. The results showed that APACHE-II scores in FO group were significantly lower, and the gap increased much farther after the 4th day than those in Con group (P<0.05). Fluid equilibrium time became shorter markedly in FO group than in Con group (5.1+/-2.2 days vs 8.4+/-2.3 days). In FO group, SIRS scores were markedly decreased and the SIRS state vanished after the 4th day; Plasma level of TNF-alpha was significantly reduced, while IL-10 decreased markedly, most prominently between the 4th and 7th day, and the ratio of IL-10/TNF-alpha raised as compared with Con group (P<0.05). During the initial stage of SAP, parenteral supplementation with omega-3 fish oil emulsion could efficiently lower the magnitude and persistence time of the SIRS, markedly retrieve the unbalance of the pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines, improve severe condition of illness and may provide a new way to regulate the SIRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongxin Xiong
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Study of the protective effects of dexamethasone on ileum mucosa injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 2008; 37:e74-82. [PMID: 18815542 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e3181800d11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the protecting effects of dexamethasone on ileum mucosa injury of rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS The SAP rats were prepared by improved Aho's methods. The plasma endotoxin and inflammatory mediators in serum were determined. The rat mortality, pathological changes of terminal ileum, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), apoptotic indexes, and apoptotic related protein expression were observed. RESULTS The plasma endotoxin, inflammatory mediators, and NF-kappaB protein expression as well as pathological scores of the treatment group of ileum mucosa were lower than those of the model group at different time points. P selectin in model group significantly exceeded the dexamethasone treatment group at 3 and 6 hours (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Caspase-3 protein expression in dexamethasone treatment group significantly exceeded the model group at 3 and 6 hours (P < 0.05), and apoptotic indexes were higher than those of the model group at 6 hours (P < 0.05), but Bax protein has shown no marked difference among groups. CONCLUSIONS Dexamethasone can reduce the endotoxin level and inflammatory mediators and down-regulate NF-kappaB protein expression of ileum mucosa, and ileum mucosa epithelial cell apoptosis induction was involved as well. The tissue microarrays technique is of advantage in SAP study.
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Zhang XP, Xu HM, Jiang YY, Yu S, Cai Y, Lu B, Xie Q, Ju TF. Influence of dexamethasone on mesenteric lymph node of rats with severe acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:3511-7. [PMID: 18567079 PMCID: PMC2716613 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.3511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the influence and mechanisms of dexamethasone on mesenteric lymph node of rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).
METHODS: The SAP rats were assigned to model, treated or sham-operated groups. The mortality, pathological changes of mesenteric lymph nodes, expression levels of NF-κB, P-selectin, Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 protein and changes in apoptotic indexes in lymph nodes were observed at 3, 6 and 12 h after operation. The blood levels of endotoxin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in blood were determined.
RESULTS: SOD content, expression of Bax protein and apoptotic index were significantly higher in the treated group than in the model group at different time points (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Other blood-detecting indexes and histopathological scores of mesenteric lymph nodes were lower in the treated than in the model group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01 or P < 0.01). NF-κB protein expression was negative in all groups. Comparing P-selectin and caspase-3 expression levels among all three groups, there was no marked difference between the model and treated group.
CONCLUSION: Dexamethasone can protect mesenteric lymph nodes. The mechanism may be by reducing the content of inflammatory mediators in the blood and inducing lymphocyte apoptosis.
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Effect of major abdominal surgery on endotoxin release and expression of Toll-like receptors 2/4. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2008; 394:293-302. [PMID: 18546014 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-008-0357-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery can cause endotoxemia, and endotoxin aggregates to Toll-like receptors and acts proinflammatory; repetitive endotoxin application can cause tolerance. The objective of the study is to characterize early inflammatory response and expression of TLR2/4 during major abdominal surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective controlled study of 20 patients with elective major abdominal surgery was performed. Blood samples were collected before and at a defined time after surgery. Endotoxemia, capability of plasma to inactivate endotoxin, cytokine release of LPS-stimulated mononuclear cells, quantitative TLR mRNA expression, and plasma concentrations of TNFalpha, IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein, transferrin, and albumin were measured. RESULTS Surgery caused endotoxemia (p = 0.053), and the capability of plasma to inactivate endotoxin was reduced (p = 0.0002). Two hours postoperatively, the plasma concentrations of TNFalpha and IL-6 peaked significantly, but the liberation capacity of mononuclear cells for cytokines (TNFalpha, IL-1beta, IL-6) was significantly reduced. The concentration of CRP and alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein peaked 48 h postoperatively, but those of transferrin and albumin were significantly decreased (p < 0.001, respectively). Median mRNA expression of TLR2 and TLR4 of mononuclear cells was not altered, and there was no obvious trend over time. CONCLUSION Major abdominal surgery is associated with endotoxemia, reduced capability of plasma to inactivate endotoxin, cytokine kinetics resembling those of healthy man after experimentally given LPS, and substantial acute-phase reaction. The cytokine liberation of mononuclear cells suggests a state of postoperative endotoxin tolerance. Despite these substantial changes, trends in TLR2/4 expression are not obvious.
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The protecting effects and mechanisms of Baicalin and Octreotide on heart injury in rats with SAP. Mediators Inflamm 2008; 2007:19469. [PMID: 18274634 PMCID: PMC2220025 DOI: 10.1155/2007/19469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To observe the protecting effects and mechanisms
of Baicalin and Octreotide on heart injury in rats with severe
acute pancreatitis (SAP).
Methods. The SAP rat models were randomly divided into
the model group, Baicalin-treated group, Octreotide treated group,
and sham operation group. The contents of some inflammatory
indexes in blood were determined. The rat mortality, pathological
changes of heart, the changes of NF-κB,
P-Selectin, Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 protein
expression levels as well as apoptotic index were observed in all
groups, respectively, at 3 hours, 6 hours, and 12 hours after
operation.
Results. The survival rate of model group was less
than treated groups at 12 hours, difference was significant. The
contents of some inflammatory indexes of the treated groups were
lower than those of the model group to various degrees at
different time points. The pathological myocardial changes under
light microscope were milder in treated groups than in model
group. The changes of
NF-κB,
P-Selectin, Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 protein expression levels in
all groups were different. There was only a case of myocardial
cell apoptosis in an Octreotide-treated group at 6 hours.
Conclusion. Baicalin and Octreotide have protecting
effects on heart injury of rats with SAP.
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Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is a frequent acute abdomen in clinic, causes damages not only to pancreas, but also to distant organs. Liver is one of the mainly involved organs. The development of liver injury may aggravate pancreatitis. The pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis with liver injury is mainly related to cytokines, pancreatic enzyme, oxidative stress, microcirculation disturbance, apoptosis and pancreatitis-associated ascitic fluid, etc. Its treatment is also to eradicate these factors. However, more methods are still under animal studies. Their clinical application requires further study.
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Zhang XP, Zhang L, Xu HM, Xu YP, Cheng QH, Wang JM, Shen HP. Application of tissue microarrays to study the influence of dexamethasone on NF-kappaB expression of pancreas in rat with severe acute pancreatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2008; 53:571-80. [PMID: 17574527 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-007-9867-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2006] [Accepted: 10/20/2006] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
To discuss the influence of dexamethasone on NF-kappaB expression of pancreas in rat with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Ninety rat SAP models were divided into the model group and dexamethasone treatment group with 45 rats in each group; another healthy 45 rats were selected to be the sham operation group. The groups were divided into the 3, 6 and 12 h group with 15 rats in each group. The survivals, pancreas pathological changes were observed 3, 6 and 12 h after operation. The changes in expression levels of NF-kappaB protein of pancreas tissue microarray were observed. The treatment group was significantly lower than the model group at 3 and 6 h (P < 0.05) and than the model group at 12 h in pancreas pathological scores (P < 0.01). The expression level of NF-kappaB protein of pancreas head of the treatment group was significantly less than that of the model group at 3 h (P < 0.01). The alleviation of pancreatic tissue injury by dexamethasone during SAP might be closely related to its role in inhibiting NF-kappaB expression and regulating cytokines. The advantages of tissue microarrays in pancreatitis pathological examination include time and energy savings, high efficiency and representative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Ping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310006, China.
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Zhang XP, Chen L, Hu QF, Tian H, Xu RJ, Wang ZW, Wang KY, Cheng QH, Yan W, Li Y, Li QY, He Q, Wang F. Effects of large dose of dexamethasone on inflammatory mediators and pancreatic cell apoptosis of rats with severe acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:5506-11. [PMID: 17907297 PMCID: PMC4171288 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i41.5506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the influence of high dose of dexamethasone on inflammatory mediators and apoptosis of rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).
METHODS: SAP rats were randomly assigned to the model group and treatment group while the normal rats were assigned to the sham operation group. The mortality, ascite volumes, ascites/body weight ratio and pancreas pathological changes of all rats were observed at 3, 6 and 12 h after operation. Their contents of amylase and endotoxin in plasma and contents of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and IL-6 in serum were also determined. The microarray sections of their pancreatic tissues were prepared, terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was performed and apoptotic indexes were calculated.
RESULTS: There was no marked difference between treatment group and model group in survival. The contents of amylase and endotoxin in plasma and contents of TNF-α, PLA2 and IL-6 in serum, ascite volumes, ascites/body weight ratio and pancreas pathological scores were all lower in treatment group than in model group to different extents at different time points [P < 0.05, 58.3 (26.4) ng/L vs 77.535 (42.157) ng/L in TNF-α content, 8.00 (2.00) points vs 9.00 (2.00) points in pathological score of pancreas respectively; P < 0.01, 0.042 (0.018) EU/mL vs 0.056 (0.0195) EU/mL in endotoxin content, 7791 (1863) U/L vs 9195 (1298) U/L in plasma amylase content, 1.53 (0.79) vs 2.38 (1.10) in ascites/body weight ratio, 8.00 (1.00) points vs 11.00 (1.50) points in pathological score of pancreas; P < 0.001, 3.36 (1.56) ng/L vs 5.65 (1.08) ng/L in IL-6 content, 4.50 (2.00) vs 7.20 (2.00), 4.20 (1.60) vs 6.40 (2.30), 3.40 (2.70) vs 7.90 (1.70) in ascite volumes, respectively]. The apoptotic indexes of pancreas head and pancreas tail were all higher in treatment group than in model group at 6 h [P < 0.01, 0.00 (2.00)% vs 0.00 (0.00)%, 0.20 (1.80) vs 0.00 (0.00) in apoptosis indexes, respectively].
CONCLUSION: The mechanism of dexamethasone treatment in acute pancreatitis is related to its inhibition of inflammatory mediator generation and induction of pancreatic acinar cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China.
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