1
|
Ceci L, Han Y, Krutsinger K, Baiocchi L, Wu N, Kundu D, Kyritsi K, Zhou T, Gaudio E, Francis H, Alpini G, Kennedy L. Gallstone and Gallbladder Disease: Biliary Tract and Cholangiopathies. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4909-4943. [PMID: 37358507 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Cholestatic liver diseases are named primarily due to the blockage of bile flow and buildup of bile acids in the liver. Cholestasis can occur in cholangiopathies, fatty liver diseases, and during COVID-19 infection. Most literature evaluates damage occurring to the intrahepatic biliary tree during cholestasis; however, there may be associations between liver damage and gallbladder damage. Gallbladder damage can manifest as acute or chronic inflammation, perforation, polyps, cancer, and most commonly gallstones. Considering the gallbladder is an extension of the intrahepatic biliary network, and both tissues are lined by biliary epithelial cells that share common mechanisms and properties, it is worth further evaluation to understand the association between bile duct and gallbladder damage. In this comprehensive article, we discuss background information of the biliary tree and gallbladder, from function, damage, and therapeutic approaches. We then discuss published findings that identify gallbladder disorders in various liver diseases. Lastly, we provide the clinical aspect of gallbladder disorders in liver diseases and ways to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for congruent diagnosis. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4909-4943, 2023.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Ceci
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Yuyan Han
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado, USA
| | - Kelsey Krutsinger
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Nan Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Debjyoti Kundu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Konstantina Kyritsi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu H, Yu L, Feng L. Association of apolipoprotein B XbaI (rs693) polymorphism and gallstone disease risk based on a comprehensive analysis. Genes Environ 2021; 43:17. [PMID: 33941261 PMCID: PMC8091557 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to investigate the association between XbaI gene polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein B (APOB) gene and gallstone disease (GD) risk through a comparison of the allele and genotype distribution frequencies at this site using meta-analysis. METHODS A literature search was performed using PubMed and Wanfang through Jun 1, 2020. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of associations. RESULTS After a comprehensive search, 14 different articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected, with 1583 cases and 1794 controls. Individuals carrying the A-allele or AA genotype of the rs693 polymorphism were determined to possibly have an increased risk of GD. For example, there was a significant relationship between the rs693 polymorphism and increased GD risk in the whole group (OR: 1.40, 95 % CI: 1.05-1.87 in the allelic contrast model), the Asian population (OR: 1.58, 95 % CI: 1.48-2.84 in the heterozygote model), and the hospital-based source of the control (OR: 1.79, 95 % CI: 1.13-2.84 in the dominant model). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the APOB rs693 polymorphism is potentially associated with GD susceptibility, which might offer a detection marker for use in future large scale clinic research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Fangta Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Songjiang District, 201600, Shanghai, China
| | - Linhai Yu
- Department of Surgery, Fangta Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Songjiang District, 201600, Shanghai, China
| | - Linsong Feng
- Department of Surgery, Fangta Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Songjiang District, 201600, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chauhan T, Mittal RD, Mittal B. Association of Common Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Candidate Genes with Gallstone Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Indian J Clin Biochem 2020; 35:290-311. [PMID: 32647408 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-019-00832-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have investigated the relationship between various candidate gene polymorphisms and gallbladder stone disease (GSD) across ethnic populations; however, the results are often inconsistent. This meta-analysis aims to comprehensively evaluate the influence of common ABCG8 T400K, ABCG8 D19H, ABCG8 C54Y, ApoB100 EcoRI, ApoB100 XbaI, ApoE HhaI, CETP TaqI, CYP7A1 Bsa, LRPAP1 I/D and TNF-α A308G polymorphisms on the risk of gallbladder stone disease. 33 Full-text articles with 9250 cases and 12,029 healthy controls (total 21,279 subjects) were analyzed using the RevMan software (V5.1) and the Comprehensive Meta-analysis software (Version 2.0, BIOSTAT, Englewood, NJ) a Random-effects model was applied. Begg's funnel plots, Fail-safe number, Egger's regression intercept and Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation tests were performed for the potential publication bias and sensitivity analysis. The studies were also sub-grouped into European and non-European groups to find out role of ethnicity, if any, on GSD risk. Studies included in quantitative synthesis were ABCG8 T400K rs4148217 (cases/controls, n = 671/1416) (4 studies), ABCG8 D19H rs11887534 (n = 1633/2306) (8 studies), ABCG8 C54Y rs4148211 (n = 445/1194) (3 studies), ApoB100 EcoRI rs1042031 (n = 503/390) (4 studies), ApoB100 XbaI rs693 (n = 1214/1389) (9 studies), ApoE HhaI rs429358 (n = 1335/1482) (12 studies), CETP TaqI rs708272 (n = 1038/1025) (5 studies), CYP7A1 Bsa rs3808607 (n = 565/514) (3 studies), LRPAP1 I/D rs11267919 (n = 849/900) (3 studies), TNF-α A308G rs1800629 (n = 997/1413) (3 studies). The combined results displayed significant association of ABCG8 D19H (GC + CC) [OR with 95%CI = 2.2(1.7-2.8); p < 0.00001], ABCG8 Y54C (GA + GG) [OR with 95%CI = 0.65(0.5-0.9); p = 0.01]. APOB100 EcoRI (GG vs. AA) [OR with 95%CI = 0.51(0.3-0.9); p = 0.05], (GG vs. GA) [OR with 95%CI = 0.6(0.4-0.9); p = 0.04], (GA + AA) [OR with 95%CI = 0.6(0.4-0.9); p = 0.006]. APOB Xba I (X- vs. X+) [OR with 95%CI = 0.53(0.3-0.8); p = 0.006. APOE Hha I (E4/E4 vs. E3/E3) [OR with 95%CI = 3.5(1.1-14.9); p = 0.04] and LRPAP1 I/D (ID + II) [OR with 95%CI = 1.27(1.0-1.6); p = 0.03] with the GSD risk. It was found that ABCG D19H was significantly associated with GSD in both European and Non-European populations. While APOB XbaI and LRPAP1 I/D markers were associated with gallstone disease only in Non- European population. Additionally, APOE HhaI and APOB 100 ECoRI were found to be associated with GSD only in European population. The results of quantitative synthesis suggest that the ABCG8 D19H polymorphism was associated with the increased risk of GSD in both European and Non-European populations, APOE Hha I and LRPAP1 I/D polymorphisms were associated with the increased risk of GSD in European and Non-European population respectively. However, no association was found in ABCG8 T400K, CETP Taq1, CYP7A1 Bsa and TNF-A308G polymorphisms with Gallstone Disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tripty Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP India
| | - R D Mittal
- Department of Urology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, UP India
| | - B Mittal
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chiang JY, Ferrell JM. Up to date on cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) in bile acid synthesis. LIVER RESEARCH 2020; 4:47-63. [PMID: 34290896 PMCID: PMC8291349 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1, EC1.14) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the classic bile acid synthesis pathway. Much progress has been made in understanding the transcriptional regulation of CYP7A1 gene expression and the underlying molecular mechanisms of bile acid feedback regulation of CYP7A1 and bile acid synthesis in the last three decades. Discovery of bile acid-activated receptors and their roles in the regulation of lipid, glucose and energy metabolism have been translated to the development of bile acid-based drug therapies for the treatment of liver-related metabolic diseases such as alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, liver cirrhosis, diabetes, obesity and hepatocellular carcinoma. This review will provide an update on the advances in our understanding of the molecular biology and mechanistic insights of the regulation of CYP7A1 in bile acid synthesis in the last 40 years.
Collapse
|
5
|
Chauhan T, Mittal R, Mittal B. Evaluation of genetic association of 40 SNPs in candidate genes with cholesterol gallstone disease in north Indian population. Meta Gene 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2019.100579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
6
|
Li L, Qiao X, Wang X, Liu D, Xue Q, Han L, Dai F, Ma G, Yang Z, Zhang T, Yang S, Cai S, Gao M, Yang J. The association between apolipoprotein E and gallstone disease: an updated meta-analysis. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:109. [PMID: 31200656 PMCID: PMC6570961 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gallstone disease (GSD) is a common biliary tract disease worldwide. Previous studies have investigated the association of apolipoprotein E (APOE) E4 with GSD and reported inconsistent results. METHODS In this paper, we conducted meta-analyses to examine whether APOE E4 is associated with the risk of GSD. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Google Scholar using the following inclusion criteria: 1) Studies on human subjects; 2) subjects in the control group must undergo ultrasound GSD screening, and presence of GSD in the experiment group can be clearly determined, e.g., diagnosis of GSD through ultrasound screening or a previous history of cholecystectomy or cholelithiasis; 3) the studies reported APOE genotype data (APOE E4+ vs. E4-) for subjects with and without GSD. In all the meta-analyses, we used random-effects models to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) as a measure of association as well as the corresponding confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Our literature search found 13 publications with 14 studies, including a total of 1632 GSD patients and 5001 controls, that met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analyses. We did not find a significant association between APOE E4 and risk of GSD (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 0.89-1.68; p = 0.205). No significant associations were observed in subgroup analyses by gender and mean age. We obtained similar insignificant findings if an additive model was used, if subjects who had E2E4 genotype were excluded, or if low-quality studies were excluded. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis found insufficient evidence for the effect of APOE E4 on GSD risk. Future studies with large sample sizes that control for important confounding/risk factors are needed to validate our findings and to explore other genetic loci that might affect GSD risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhuo Li
- Emergency Department, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Department of Animal Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingmu Xue
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Lu Han
- School of Basic Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Fei Dai
- Division of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guomin Ma
- Department of Radiology, Liaoning Provincial People's Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhipeng Yang
- Emergency Department, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- The First Research Institute, Ministry of the Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shikang Cai
- Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Mingyue Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Division of Statistics, School of Economics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
- Research Center of Financial Information, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yamanashi Y, Takada T, Suzuki H. Associations between Lifestyle-Related Diseases and Transporters Involved in Intestinal Absorption and Biliary Excretion of Cholesterol. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1-10. [PMID: 29311470 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Westernization of dietary habits leads to an increase in lipid intake and is thought to be responsible for an increase in patients with dyslipidemia. It is a well-known fact that the impaired cholesterol homeostasis is closely related to the development of various lifestyle-related diseases such as fatty liver, diabetes, and gallstone as well as dyslipidemia leading to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke. Therefore, appropriate management of cholesterol levels in the body is considered important in prevention and treatments of these lifestyle-related diseases and in addition, molecular mechanisms controlling plasma (and/or hepatic) cholesterol levels have been intensively studied. Due to its hydrophobicity, cholesterol was long believed to pass through cell membranes by passive diffusion. However, recent studies have identified a number of plasma membrane transporters that are responsible for the cellular uptake or efflux of cholesterol and involved in developments of lifestyle-related diseases. In this review, we focus on Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 (NPC1L1) and a heterodimer of ATP-binding cassette transporter G5 and G8 (ABCG5/G8), both of which are responsible for intestinal cholesterol absorption and biliary cholesterol secretion, and discuss the relationship between these cholesterol transporters and lifestyle-related diseases. In addition, we also discuss the related uncertainties that need to be explored in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Yamanashi
- Department of Pharmacy, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Tokyo
| | - Tappei Takada
- Department of Pharmacy, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Tokyo
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacy, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Tokyo
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Anatomical and molecular studies of cytochrome P450 family CYP7A1 gene polymorphism and its association with gallstone in north Indian population. J ANAT SOC INDIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jasi.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
9
|
Tailoring Nutritional Advice for Mexicans Based on Prevalence Profiles of Diet-Related Adaptive Gene Polymorphisms. J Pers Med 2017; 7:jpm7040016. [PMID: 29125573 PMCID: PMC5748628 DOI: 10.3390/jpm7040016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-related adaptive gene (DRAG) polymorphisms identified in specific populations are associated with chronic disorders in carriers of the adaptive alleles due to changes in dietary and lifestyle patterns in recent times. Mexico’s population is comprised of Amerindians (AM) and Mestizos who have variable AM, European (EUR) and African genetic ancestry and an increased risk of nutrition-related chronic diseases. Nutritional advice based on the Mexican genome and the traditional food culture is needed to develop preventive and therapeutic strategies. Therefore, we aimed to provide a prevalence profile of several DRAG polymorphisms in the Mexican population, including Central West (CW) Mexico subpopulations. Geographic heat maps were built using ArcGIS10 (Esri, Redlands, CA, USA) software, based on the published data of the MTHFR C677T (rs1801133), ABCA1 Arg230Cys (rs9282541), APOE T388C (rs429358)/C526T (rs7412), LCT C-13910T (rs4988235) polymorphisms and AMY1 copy number variation (CNV). Also, new data obtained by allelic discrimination-real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays for the MTHFR, ABCA1, and APOE polymorphisms as well as the AMY1 CNV in the CW Mexico subpopulations with different proportions of AM and EUR ancestry were included. In the CW region, the highest frequency of the MTHFR 677T, ABCA1 230C and APOE ε4 adaptive alleles was observed in the AM groups, followed by Mestizos with intermediate AM ancestry. The LCT-13910T allele frequency was highest in Mestizos-EUR but extremely low in AM, while the AMY1 diploid copy number was 6.82 ± 3.3 copies. Overall, the heat maps showed a heterogeneous distribution of the DRAG polymorphisms, in which the AM groups revealed the highest frequencies of the adaptive alleles followed by Mestizos. Given these genetic differences, genome-based nutritional advice should be tailored in a regionalized and individualized manner according to the available foods and Mexican traditional food culture that may lead to a healthier dietary pattern.
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhan L, Pan YZ, Chen L, Zhang H, Zhang H, Song J, Tzeng CM, Sun CY. Prevalence of ABCB4 polymorphisms in gallstone disease in han-Chinese population. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:1218-1227. [PMID: 27158408 PMCID: PMC4846965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter A4 (ABCB4) is a sterol export pump that regulates excretion of biliary cholesterol. We tested association between ABCB4 polymorphisms and gallstone disease using meta-analysis. In a cross-sectional study, 296 subjects were recruited from a hospital-based population. Total of 171 subjects were diagnosed as gallstone disease by abdominal ultrasonography from three cohort studies. We evaluated prevalence of ABCG8 rs11887534 (D19H) as a positive control, and the ABCB4 rs1202283 and rs2230028 polymorphisms on Chinese population were screened by meta-analysis and genotyped using TaqMan® SNP assay. Stata/SE 11.0 software and random-effects model were used in meta-analyzing 3 cohort between study heterogeneity. Four studies including three cohorts were used for final meta-analysis. In allelic model, minor alleles of ABCB4 rs1202283 (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.25-0.67, P<0.001) and of ABCB4 rs2230028 (OR = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.06-0.22, P = 0.001) were associated with an increased risk for gallstone disease in Europeans. Funnel plot and Egger's test suggested absence of publication bias. Concentration of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) (P = 0.015) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) (P = 0.028) were significantly higher in subjects with gallstones disease than controls. ABCB4 rs1202283 (heterozygote AG) (P<0.0001), rs2230028 (heterozygote CT) (P = 0.023) and ABCG8 rs11887534 (heterozygote CG) (P = 0.006) were significantly associated with gallstone disease in Chinese population. Genetic risk associated with ABCB4 rs2230028 (homozygote GG) polymorphism was dominated in asymptomatic gallstone disease (95% C.I.: 0.219-0.768; P = 0.005). In conclusion, carriers of ABCB4 rs1202283, rs2230028 are at an increased risk for gallstone disease, while ABCB4 rs2230028 is associated with asymptomatic gallstone disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhan
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yao-Zhen Pan
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Chi-Meng Tzeng
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Cheng-Yi Sun
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, Guizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hassan NE, El-Masry SA, Zarouk WA, Abd Elneam AI, Abdel Rasheed E, Mahmoud MM. Apolipoprotein B polymorphism distribution among a sample of obese Egyptian females with visceral obesity and its influence on lipid profile. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2015; 13:177-183. [PMID: 30647581 PMCID: PMC6299808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Regional distribution of adipose tissue is more important than total amount of body fat in predicting complications associated with obesity. Apolipoprotein B (Apo B) plays a central role in lipid metabolism. Aim To investigate the importance of the XbaI polymorphism of Apo B gene (C7673T) as risk factor for visceral obesity and its influence on lipid profile. Subjects and methods Total of 122 obese adult females (BMI ⩾ 30 kg/m2): 56 of them with visceral obesity (⩾7 cm by abdominal Ultrasound) and 66 without visceral obesity and 36 age matched non-obese (BMI ⩽ 25 kg/m2) without visceral obesity were studied. Anthropometric assessment, body composition, visceral obesity and lipid profile evaluation were attempted. Genetic analysis of Apo B XbaI was performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results Visceral obesity was associated significantly with the presence of the heterozygous (CT) genotype of the XbaI Apo B gene (p < 0.001). Frequency of homozygous (CC) was significantly the least genotype found in females with visceral obesity, while homozygote (TT) genotype was more frequent in those without visceral obesity. T allele (about 70%) was more frequent than C allele (about 30%) in all groups. Significant lowest values of visceral obesity, triglyceride and HDL-C were associated with the presence of (CC) genotype and the highest values were associated with the presence of the heterozygous (CT) genotype; except HDL-C with (TT) genotype. Conclusions Study reveals considerable association of Apo B XbaI gene polymorphism with visceral obesity and some lipid profile parameters (TG and HDL-C) among Egyptian females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nayera E Hassan
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt (Affiliation ID 60014618)
| | - Sahar A El-Masry
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt (Affiliation ID 60014618)
| | - Waheba Ahmed Zarouk
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Dept., Human Genetics Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt (Affiliation ID 60014618)
| | - Ahmed Ibrahim Abd Elneam
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Dept., Human Genetics Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt (Affiliation ID 60014618)
| | - Enas Abdel Rasheed
- Clinical Pathology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt (Affiliation ID 60014618)
| | - Maged Mostafa Mahmoud
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Dept., Human Genetics Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt (Affiliation ID 60014618).,King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Bogari NM, Abdel-Latif AM, Hassan MA, Ramadan A, Fawzy A. No association of apolipoprotein B gene polymorphism and blood lipids in obese Egyptian subjects. J Negat Results Biomed 2015; 14:7. [PMID: 25889118 PMCID: PMC4389411 DOI: 10.1186/s12952-015-0026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several environmental and genetic factors are associated with high levels of lipids in obese patients. Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is the major protein component of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), very-low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and chylomicrons and plays a central role in lipid metabolism. Several apoB restriction fragment length polymorphisms (XbaI, EcoRI, MspI) have been reported to be associated with variation in lipid levels and obesity. To date, no data are available on the relationship between XbaI polymorphism and lipid levels in Egyptian populations. Following clinical profiling, 178 obese (body mass index [BMI] >25 kg/m(2)) and 178 age-matched non-obese (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m(2)) subjects were included in this case-control study. All samples were analysed for total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol. Genetic analysis of apoB XbaI (X) was performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The aim of this study was to assess the association of apoB XbaI gene polymorphism (X) and lipid profiles in obese and non-obese Egyptian populations. RESULTS Obese subjects demonstrated significantly higher values of waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure, and total lipid. However, in our sample we did not find significant differences in apoB XbaI gene polymorphism (X) genotype or allele frequencies. Moreover, none of the studied lipid parameters showed any association with the gene polymorphism. CONCLUSION This study reveals no significant association of apoB XbaI gene polymorphism (X) with obesity or lipid profiles in an Egyptian population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neda M Bogari
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Azza M Abdel-Latif
- Division of Human Genetics & Genome Researches, Department of Molecular Genetics and Enzymology, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Maha A Hassan
- Holding Company for Biological products and Vaccines (VACSERA-Egypt), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Abeer Ramadan
- Division of Human Genetics & Genome Researches, Department of Molecular Genetics and Enzymology, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Fawzy
- Division of Human Genetics & Genome Researches, Department of Molecular Genetics and Enzymology, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cai Q, Wang ZQ, Cai Q, Li C, Chen EZ, Jiang ZY. Relationship between CYP7A1 -204A>C polymorphism with gallbladder stone disease and serum lipid levels: a meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:126. [PMID: 25103562 PMCID: PMC4267418 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The CYP7A1 gene polymorphism has been
reported to be associated with gallbladder stone disease (GSD) and serum lipid
levels, but the results were inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate
the influence of the -204A > C polymorphism in the promoter of CYP7A1 gene on the GSD and serum lipid levels. Methods According to inclusion/exclusion criteria, eligible studies on CYP7A1 gene -204A > C polymorphism of serum lipid
levels and the risk of GSD were retrieved. Depending on the between-study
heterogeneity, the fixed- or random-effects model was applied, and the data were
analyzed using the RevMan software (V5.2). Results Five studies totaling 830 GSD patients and 882 healthy controls were used to
evaluate the relation of CYP7A1 -204A > C
polymorphism with GSD. Overall comparison of alleles A with C in all study
population yielded 5% but non-significant increased risk of GSD (OR = 1.05, 95%
CI: 0.91 − 1.22, P = 0.48). Subgroup analysis by ethnic differences did not show
any association between CYP7A1 -204A > C
polymorphism and GSD either. Four studies totaling 802 cases and 691 controls were
used to assess the relation of CYP7A1
-204A > C polymorphism with serum lipid levels. All the subjects were from the
Asian population. The pooled effects indicated that AC genotype had higher levels
of TG than AA (MD = -0.42, 95% CI: -0.76 − -0.08, P = 0.01). CC genotype in cases
had higher levels of TC (MD = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.25 − 1.05, P = 0.001) and LDL-C
(MD = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.06 − 0.73, P = 0.02) than AA, AA (MD = -0.35, 95% CI: -0.60
− -0.10, P = 0.007) and AC (MD = −0.35, 95% CI: -0.61 − -0.08, P = 0.01) genotypes
in controls had higher levels of TC than CC, and AA genotype in controls had
higher levels of HDL-C than CC (MD = -0.15, 95% CI: -0.21 − -0.09,
P < 0.00001). Conclusions The CYP7A1 -204A > C polymorphism is
significantly associated with serum lipid levels in Asian population, but not
gallbladder stone disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-511X-13-126) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized
users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhao-Yan Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cytokine single nucleotide polymorphisms in patients' with gallstone: dose TGF-β gene variants affect gallstone formation? Mol Biol Rep 2014; 40:6256-60. [PMID: 24078093 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2737-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gallstone is a common biliary disorder with several risk factors. Immune responses and inflammatory cytokines are important in this disease; as a result, some cytokines can be detected in bile fluid. In this research, cytokine gene polymorphisms were studied, and their effects on gallstone formation were evaluated. On 158 gallstone patients and 254 normal subjects, by PCR- RFLP method, IL-4-C590T polymorphism and by ARMS-PCR method, IFN-γ T+874A, TNF-α-A308G, IL-6 G-174C and TGF-β T+869C variants were studied. Pathologic evaluations were done on surgical specimens. There were no significant differences in distribution of evaluated polymorphisms between patient group and normal control group (P > 0.05), except TGF-β +869T allele (P = 0.04, OR = 1.23, 95 % CI = 1-1.79) which was higher in patients with gallstone. Although the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 may promote gallstone formation, in this study no significant correlation between TNF-α and IL-6 polymorphisms and gallstone formation was seen. It is taught that TGF-β may affect gallbladder cells to promote gallstone formation and higher producer TGF-β +869T allele can be a risk factor of gallstone disease, so further studies would be more elucidative
Collapse
|
16
|
Jiang ZY, Cai Q, Chen EZ. Association of three common single nucleotide polymorphisms of ATP binding cassette G8 gene with gallstone disease: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87200. [PMID: 24498041 PMCID: PMC3907501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we evaluated the association between these polymorphisms and gallstone disease using meta-analysis and compared the hepatic ABCG5/G8 mRNA expression and biliary lipids composition in patients with different genotypes of T400K and Y54C. METHODS Data were analyzed using the Stata/SE 11.0 software and a random- effects model was applied irrespective of between-study heterogeneity. Hepatic mRNA expression of ABCG5/G8 genes in 182 patients with gallstone disease and 35 gallstone-free patients who underwent cholecystectomy were determined using real-time PCR. Genotypes of Y54C and T400K in the ABCG8 gene were determined by allelic discrimination using either genomic DNA or hepatic cDNA as template by Taqman assays. Biliary compostion in gallbladder bile was assayed in these patients as well. RESULTS Ten papers including 13 cohorts were included for the final analysis. In the genotype model, the overall association between genotype with gallstone was significant for D19H (OR = 2.43, 95%CI: 2.23-2.64, P<0.001), and for Y54C (OR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.01-1.83, P = 0.044), or T400K (OR = 1.17, 95%CI: 0.96-1.43. P = 0.110). In allele model, minor alleles of D19H polymorphism (allele D: OR = 2.25, 95%CI: 2.10-2.42, P<0.001) and of T400K polymorphism (allele K: OR = 1.18, 95%CI: 1.06-1.31, P<0.001) were related with an increased risk of gallstone disease. However, minor allele of Y54C polymorphism (allele Y, OR = 1.08, 95%CI: 0.96-1.21, P = 0.146) was not related with gallstone disease. I(2) statistics indicated no significant between-study heterogeneity for all genetic models for any of the three polymorphisms. Funnel plot and Egger's test suggested the absence of publication bias as well. However, no association of T400K and Y54C polymorphism with hepatic ABCG8/G5 mRNA expression or biliary lipids composition was found. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed strong association of D19H polymorphism with gallstone disease. T400K and Y54C polymorphism, though to a less extent, may also relate with gallstone disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yan Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (ZYJ); (EZC)
| | - Qu Cai
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Er-Zhen Chen
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (ZYJ); (EZC)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Srivastava N, Prakash J, Srivastava A, Agarwal CG, Pant DC, Mittal B. Association of apolipoprotein B XbaI gene polymorphism and lipid profile in northern Indian obese. INDIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 2013; 19:26-31. [PMID: 23901190 PMCID: PMC3722626 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.112880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Over the last few decades, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension have become main health evils. The health problems of obesity are well-recognized. However, the fact that all obese individuals are not at the same risk of developing a disease is also recognized. The apolipoprotein B (APOB) plays a central role in lipid metabolism. So we compare the association of APOB XbaI gene polymorphism and lipid profile total in obese north Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 132 obese (body mass index [BMI] >25 kg/m2) and 132 age matched non-obese (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2) subjects were studied after taking detailed clinical profile. Lipid profile in serum/plasma was done using commercial kits. Genetic analysis of APOB XbaI was done using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Leanth polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statistical analysis was performed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) (version 11.5) software (IBM Corporation). All continuous variables were expressed as mean ± SD and tested by analysis of variance test. Comparisons of categorical variables were assessed using χ2 tests or Fisher's exact test. P < 0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS: Analysis showed that obese subjects had significantly higher value of the waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), and lipid profile. In APOB XbaI gene polymorphism, we did not find significant differences in genotype or allele frequencies. Moreover, none of the studied metabolic parameters (lipid profile) showed any association with the gene polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS: Study reveals no considerable association of APOB XbaI gene polymorphism with obesity and lipid profile in north Indians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neena Srivastava
- Department of Physiology, KGMU UP, Lucknow, India (Formerly Chatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gong Y, Zhang L, Bie P, Wang H. Roles of ApoB-100 gene polymorphisms and the risks of gallstones and gallbladder cancer: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61456. [PMID: 23637837 PMCID: PMC3630192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gallstones (GS) is the major manifestation of gallbladder disease, and is the most common risk factor for gallbladder cancer (GBC). Previous studies investigating the association between ApoB-100 gene polymorphisms and the risks of GS and GBC have yielded conflicting results. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to clarify the effects of ApoB-100 gene polymorphisms on the risks of GS and GBC. Methods A computerized literature search was conducted to identify the relevant studies from PubMed and Embase. Fixed or random effects model was selected based on heterogeneity test. Publication bias was estimated using Begg’s funnel plots and Egger’s regression test. Results A total of 10, 3, and 3 studies were included in the analyses of the association between ApoB-100 XbaI, EcoRI, or insertion/deletion (ID) polymorphisms and the GS risks, respectively, while 3 studies were included in the analysis for the association between XbaI polymorphism and GBC risk. The combined results showed a significant association in Chinese (X+ vs. X−, OR = 2.37, 95%CI 1.52–3.70; X+X+/X+X- vs. X+X+, OR = 2.47, 95%CI 1.55–3.92), but not in Indians or Caucasians. Null association was observed between EcoRI or ID polymorphisms and GS risks. With regard to the association between XbaI polymorphism and GBC risk, a significant association was detected when GBC patients were compared with healthy persons and when GBC patients were compared with GS patients. A significant association was still detected when GBC patients (with GS) were compared with the GS patients (X+X+ vs. X-X−, OR = 0.33, 95%CI 0.12–0.90). Conclusion The results of this meta-analysis suggest that the ApoB-100 X+ allele might be associated with increased risk of GS in Chinese but not in other populations, while the ApoB-100 X+X+ genotype might be associated with reduced risk of GBC. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gong
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing City, P. R. China
| | - Leida Zhang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing City, P. R. China
| | - Ping Bie
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing City, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (PB); (HW)
| | - Huaizhi Wang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing City, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (PB); (HW)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Krawczyk M, Miquel JF, Stokes CS, Zuniga S, Hampe J, Mittal B, Lammert F. Genetics of biliary lithiasis from an ethnic perspective. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2013; 37:119-25. [PMID: 23340007 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Gallstone disease represents one of the most common gastroenterological disorders worldwide. Gallstones affect over 15% of adults in Europe and 25-30% of Hispanic populations in Central and South America. The heritability of gallstones varies considerably according to ethnicity, with Native Americans and Hispanics with Amerindian admixture being the most susceptible populations. Genetic factors have been shown to account for 25-30% of total gallstone risk in Europe, however, in Hispanic populations, this risk percentage may increase to 45-65%. Recent genome-wide association and candidate gene studies have identified common polymorphisms in enterohepatic transporters (ABCG5/8, SLC10A2) and the Gilbert syndrome UGT1A1 variant as genetic determinants of gallstone formation. Together, these polymorphisms cover a significant proportion of the previously predicted genetic background of gallstones in European populations. New lithogenic genes need to be discovered in future studies in high-risk populations. In this review, we address the latest developments in the genetic analysis of gallstones and discuss the ethnic background of this condition in European, Central and South American and Asian populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Krawczyk
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
A meta-analysis of apolipoprotein E gene ε2/ε3/ε4 polymorphism for gallbladder stone disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45849. [PMID: 23049877 PMCID: PMC3458111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have investigated the relationship between apolipoprotein (Apo) E gene polymorphisms and gallbladder stone disease (GSD) across ethnic populations; however, the results are often inconsistent. This meta-analysis aims to comprehensively evaluate the influence of a common ε2/ε3/ε4 polymorphism in Apo E gene on the risk of gallbladder stone disease. Method Data were analyzed using the RevMan software (V5.1) and a random-effects model was applied irrespective of between-study heterogeneity. Publication bias was weighed using the fail-safe number. Results There were 17 study populations totaling 1773 cases and 2751 controls for ε2/ε3/ε4 polymorphism of Apo E gene. Overall comparison of alleles ε2 with ε3 in all study populations yielded a 16% decreased risk for GSD (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.68–1.05; P = 0.31; I2 = 13%), and comparison of alleles ε4 with ε3 yielded a 25% increased risk (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.97–1.61; P = 0.0003; I2 = 63%). Subgroup analysis by study design indicated that the magnitude of association in hospital-based studies was largely significantly strengthened for ε4 allelic model (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.05–2.02; p = 0.0007; I2 = 65%). Subgroup analysis by age of controls indicated a remarkably significant elevation in the magnitude of association in age >50 subgroups in ε4 allelic model (OR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.03–2.19; p = 0.0009; I2 = 72%). Moreover, subgroup analysis by cases gender indicated a reduction in the magnitude of association in male<30% studies for E2/2 genotypic model (OR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.07–1.49; p = 0.16; I2 = 45%). Conclusions Our results reveal that Apo E gene ε4 allele is a risk factor of gallbladder stone disease, especially in elder people and Chinese population.
Collapse
|
21
|
Xing WJ, Gao L, Zhao JJ. Expression and regulation of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase: An update. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:1439-1446. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i16.1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase (CYP7A1) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the neutral pathway of bile acids synthesis. The expression of CYP7A1 can be regulated not only by diurnal rhythm, but also by gene polymorphism, diet, hormones, cytokines and drugs. CYP7A1 gene polymorphism is associated not only with some diseases but also with response to drug therapy. A cascade network consisting of multiple nuclear receptors is involved in the regulation of CYP7A1 expression to control bile acid synthesis and lipid metabolism.
Collapse
|
22
|
Reshetnyak VI. Concept of the pathogenesis and treatment of cholelithiasis. World J Hepatol 2012; 4:18-34. [PMID: 22400083 PMCID: PMC3295849 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v4.i2.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallstone disease (GD) is a chronic recurrent hepatobiliary disease, the basis for which is the impaired metabolism of cholesterol, bilirubin and bile acids, which is characterized by the formation of gallstones in the hepatic bile duct, common bile duct, or gallbladder. GD is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal diseases with a substantial burden to health care systems. GD can result in serious outcomes, such as acute gallstone pancreatitis and gallbladder cancer. The epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of GD are discussed in this review. The prevalence of GD varies widely by region. The prevalence of gallstone disease has increased in recent years. This is connected with a change in lifestyle: reduction of motor activity, reduction of the physical load and changes to diets. One of the important benefits of early screening for gallstone disease is that ultrasonography can detect asymptomatic cases, which results in early treatment and the prevention of serious outcomes. The pathogenesis of GD is suggested to be multifactorial and probably develops from complex interactions between many genetic and environmental factors. It suggests that corticosteroids and oral contraceptives, which contain hormones related to steroid hormones, may be regarded as a model system of cholelithiasis development in man. The achievement in the study of the physiology of bile formation and the pathogenesis of GD has allowed expanding indications for therapeutic treatment of GD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy Ivanovich Reshetnyak
- Vasiliy Ivanovich Reshetnyak, VA Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Russia Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 107031, Russia
| |
Collapse
|