1
|
Nervig C, Hatch ST, Owen SC. Complementation Dependent Enzyme Prodrug Therapy Enables Targeted Activation of Prodrug on HER2-Positive Cancer Cells. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:1769-1775. [PMID: 36385932 PMCID: PMC9661694 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies have been explored for decades for the delivery of small molecule cytotoxins directly to diseased cells. In antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT), antibodies are armed with enzymes that activate nontoxic prodrugs at tumor sites. However, this strategy failed clinically due to off-target toxicity associated with the enzyme prematurely activating prodrug systemically. We describe here the design of an antibody-fragment split enzyme platform that regains activity after binding to HER2, allowing for site-specific activation of a small molecule prodrug. We evaluated a library of fusion constructs for efficient targeting and complementation to identify the most promising split enzyme pair. The optimal pair was screened for substrate specificity among chromogenic, fluorogenic, and prodrug substrates. Evaluation of this system on HER2-positive cells revealed 7-fold higher toxicity of the activated prodrug over prodrug treatment alone. Demonstrating the potential of this strategy against a known clinical target provides the basis for a unique therapeutic platform in oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine
S. Nervig
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Samuel T. Hatch
- Department
of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United
States
| | - Shawn C. Owen
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- Department
of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United
States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United
States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liang J, Dai W, Li Z, Liang X, Xiao M, Xie C, Li X. Evaluating the efficacy and microenvironment changes of HER2 + gastric cancer during HLX02 and Endostar treatment using quantitative MRI. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1033. [PMID: 36192709 PMCID: PMC9528101 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10136-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Trastuzumab is an important targeted drug for HER2-positive gastric cancer. The treatment efficacy of a more cost-effective and accessible trastuzumab biosimilar, HLX02, was not well investigated, especially when combined with antiangiogenic treatment. In addition, the tumour microenvironment detected by functional MRI was still unclear during treatment. This study attempts to evaluate the therapeutic effect of antiangiogenic agents combined with HLX02 in a HER2-positive gastric cancer xenograft model and to detect microenvironmental changes using intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI). Materials and methods We subcutaneously injected MKN-45 human gastric cancer cells into BALB/C nude mice to establish a tumour model. Twenty-eight mice were divided into four groups and treated with saline (Group 1), Endostar (Group 2), trastuzumab biosimilar HLX02 (Group 3), or the combination of Endostar and HLX02 (Group 4). We then performed IVIM-DWI before and at different time points after treatment. HE, HER2, TUNEL, E-cadherin staining, and α-SMA and CD31 double-staining were used to confirm the pathological changes. Results Group 4 demonstrated the smallest tumour volume at the end of treatment. The D value in Group 4 increased more dramatically, with the highest value on Day 20, compared with the other groups. Perfusion-related parameters (D* and f values) in Groups 2 and 4 increased initially and reversed after Day 10. Group 4 showed the lowest CD31 and HER2 and the highest TUNEL- and E-cadherin-positive staining rates. The D value was positively correlated with TUNEL but negatively correlated with HER2 staining. The D* and f values had positive correlations with CD31 and E-cadherin expression and the vessel maturity index. Conclusions The trastuzumab biosimilar drug HLX02 exhibited good treatment efficacy in HER2-positive gastric cancer, especially when combined with Endostar. IVIM-DWI can noninvasively monitor the process of vascular normalization and reflect the treatment effect early at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Liang
- Department of Medical Imaging, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Medical Imaging, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangjing Liang
- Ultrasound Medical Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingjia Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanmiao Xie
- Department of Medical Imaging, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xinming Li
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jørgensen JT, Winther H, Askaa J, Andresen L, Olsen D, Mollerup J. A Companion Diagnostic With Significant Clinical Impact in Treatment of Breast and Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:676939. [PMID: 34367962 PMCID: PMC8343532 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.676939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of trastuzumab (Herceptin®) was one of the most significant cancer drug development projects of the 20th century. Not only was it a scientific and medical achievement but it also paved the way for the drug-diagnostic codevelopment model, where a predictive biomarker assay is developed in parallel to the drug. One of the challenges in the development of trastuzumab was to select the right patient population likely to respond and here, it was critical to have access to an accurate, robust and reliable assay for detection of HER2 overexpression in tumors. In the clinical development of trastuzumab, a clinical trial assay (CTA), developed by Genentech, was used for selection of HER2 positive patients. However, during the phase III trial with trastuzumab, a new optimized IHC assay, HercepTest™ was designed and developed by Dako. In the final stage of its development, a comparative study with the CTA was conducted in order to show concordance between the two assays. In September 1998, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) simultaneously granted approval to trastuzumab and HercepTest™. The assay has been used for patient selection in a number of significant breast cancer clinical trials such as the HERA, CLEOPATRA, EMILIA and more. In these trials, HercepTest™ demonstrated its clinical utility in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and metastatic setting as well as in relation to different types of HER2 targeted therapies. Likewise, the assay was used for selection of HER2 positive gastric cancer patients in the important ToGA trail. HercepTest™ was the first companion diagnostic ever approved by the FDA, and more than 20 years of use has documented its clinical impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jon Askaa
- Independent Researcher, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Dana Olsen
- Agilent Technologies Denmark ApS, Glostrup, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ding Y, Chen Y, Wu M, Li L, Huang Y, Wang H, Wang H, Yu X, Xu N, Teng L. Identification of genes associated with gastric cancer survival and construction of a nomogram to improve risk stratification for patients with gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:215-225. [PMID: 32537023 PMCID: PMC7291675 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify genes associated with gastric cancer survival and improve risk stratification for patients with gastric cancer. Transcriptomic and clinicopathological data from 443 gastric cancer samples were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The DESeq R package was applied to screen for differentially expressed genes between Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) stage (I vs. IV) and histological grade (G3 vs. G1 and G2). A total of seven genes were common to both comparisons; spondin 1 (SPON1); thrombospondin 4 (THBS4); Sushi, Von Willebrand factor type A, EGF and pentraxin domain containing 1 (SVEP1); prickle planar cell polarity protein 1 (PRICKLE1); ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 8 (ABCA8); Slit guidance ligand 2 (SLIT2); and EGF containing fibulin extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1), were selected as candidate survival-associated genes for further analysis. The prognostic value of these genes was assessed according to a literature review and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. In addition, a multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed PRICKLE1 expression to be an independent prognostic factor for patients with gastric cancer. Furthermore, a predictive nomogram was generated using PRICKLE1 expression, patient age and TNM stage to assess overall survival (OS) rate at 1, 3 and 5 years, with an internal concordance index of 0.65. External validation was conducted in an independent cohort of 59 patients with gastric cancer, and high consistency between the predicted and observed results for OS was exhibited. Overall, the current findings suggest that PRICKLE1 expression may serve as an independent prognostic factor that can be integrated with age and TNM stage in a nomogram able to predict OS rate in patients with gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Ding
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Mengjie Wu
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Linrong Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Haohao Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xiongfei Yu
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Nong Xu
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Lisong Teng
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pestana RC, Sen S, Hobbs BP, Hong DS. Histology-agnostic drug development - considering issues beyond the tissue. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2020; 17:555-568. [PMID: 32528101 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-0384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
With advances in tumour biology and immunology that continue to refine our understanding of cancer, therapies are now being developed to treat cancers on the basis of specific molecular alterations and markers of immune phenotypes that transcend specific tumour histologies. With the landmark approvals of pembrolizumab for the treatment of patients whose tumours have high microsatellite instability and larotrectinib and entrectinib for those harbouring NTRK fusions, a regulatory pathway has been created to facilitate the approval of histology-agnostic indications. Negative results presented in the past few years, however, highlight the intrinsic complexities faced by drug developers pursuing histology-agnostic therapeutic agents. When patient selection and statistical analysis involve multiple potentially heterogeneous histologies, guidance is needed to navigate the challenges posed by trial design. Additionally, as new therapeutic agents are tested and post-approval data become available, the regulatory framework for acting on these data requires further optimization. In this Review, we summarize the development and testing of approved histology-agnostic therapeutic agents and present data on other agents currently under development. Finally, we discuss the challenges intrinsic to histology-agnostic drug development in oncology, including biological, regulatory, design and statistical considerations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Carmagnani Pestana
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Centro de Oncologia e Hematologia Einstein Familia Dayan-Daycoval, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Shiraj Sen
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Brian P Hobbs
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David S Hong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ieni A, Cardia R, Pizzimenti C, Zeppa P, Tuccari G. HER2 Heterogeneity in Personalized Therapy of Gastro-Oesophageal Malignancies: An Overview by Different Methodologies. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10010010. [PMID: 32098203 PMCID: PMC7151629 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-expression gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinomas (GEA) gained interest as an important target for therapy with trastuzumab. In the current review, we focused the current knowledge on HER2 status in dysplastic and neoplastic gastric conditions, analyzing the methodological procedures to identify HER2 expression/amplification, as well as the proposed scoring recommendations. One of the most relevant questions to evaluate the useful impact of HER2 status on therapeutic choice in GEAs is represented by the significant heterogeneity of HER2 protein and gene expression that may affect the targeted treatment selection. Future development of biotechnology will continue to evolve in order to offer more powerful detection systems for the assessment of HER2 status. Finally, liquid biopsy as well as mutation/amplification of several additional genes may furnish an early detection of secondary HER2 resistance mechanisms in GEAs with a better monitoring of the treatment response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, Section of Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (R.C.); (C.P.); (G.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-90-221-2536; Fax: +39-90-292-8150
| | - Roberta Cardia
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, Section of Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (R.C.); (C.P.); (G.T.)
| | - Cristina Pizzimenti
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, Section of Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (R.C.); (C.P.); (G.T.)
| | - Pio Zeppa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84131 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Tuccari
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, Section of Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (R.C.); (C.P.); (G.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Satala CB, Jung I, Stefan-van Staden RI, Kovacs Z, Molnar C, Bara T, Fulop ZZ, Gurzu S. HER2 Heterogeneity in Gastric Cancer: A Comparative Study, Using Two Commercial Antibodies. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:8860174. [PMID: 33144857 PMCID: PMC7596543 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8860174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although amplification of the gene encoding human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is used as an indicator for response to trastuzumab, the reported response rate is low, and few patients with gastric cancer (GC) benefit from this individualized therapy. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein (HER2), in GC samples, using two commercial immunohistochemical (IHC) antibodies, and to validate the results by checking HER2 gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). METHODS We assessed the IHC expression of HER2 using the polyclonal antibody from Dako and CB11 clone from Leica, in 93 consecutive cases of GC samples. In all of the cases, FISH analysis was also performed using the BOND-MAX platform. RESULTS No significant difference was observed between the two HER2 antibodies. Of the 93 cases, 22.58% demonstrated at least focal and 1+ HER2 positivity. Seven cases (7.53%) exhibited 3+ expression, and another 7 carcinomas (7.53%) were equivocal (2+). HER2 amplification was seen in 11 cases (11.83%), 10 of which were differentiated adenocarcinomas. In 5 of the cases, 2-5 sections were examined, which proved the extremely high intratumorally/intraglandular heterogeneity. FISH heterogeneity was higher in cases with only 2+ positivity on IHC assessment, compared with those showing at least one small focus of 3+ overexpression. HER2 amplification proved to be an independent negative prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS Due to the highly heterogeneous aspect of GC, at least 3-4 slides should be assessed by IHC, before considering a tumor to be HER2-negative. In cases with small 3+ foci representing less than 5% of tumor and in equivocal (2+) cases, FISH analysis remains the gold standard method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catalin Bogdan Satala
- 1Department of Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Targu-Mures, Romania
- 2Department of Pathology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu-Mures, Romania
| | - Ioan Jung
- 1Department of Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Targu-Mures, Romania
| | - Raluca Ioana Stefan-van Staden
- 3Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Zsolt Kovacs
- 4Department of Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Calin Molnar
- 5Department of Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
- 6Department of Surgery, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu-Mures, Romania
| | - Tivadar Bara
- 6Department of Surgery, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu-Mures, Romania
| | - Zsolt Zoltan Fulop
- 5Department of Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
- 6Department of Surgery, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu-Mures, Romania
| | - Simona Gurzu
- 1Department of Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Targu-Mures, Romania
- 2Department of Pathology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu-Mures, Romania
- 7Department of Pathology, Research Center (CCAMF), Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Maennling AE, Tur MK, Niebert M, Klockenbring T, Zeppernick F, Gattenlöhner S, Meinhold-Heerlein I, Hussain AF. Molecular Targeting Therapy against EGFR Family in Breast Cancer: Progress and Future Potentials. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121826. [PMID: 31756933 PMCID: PMC6966464 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family contains four transmembrane tyrosine kinases (EGFR1/ErbB1, Her2/ErbB2, Her3/ErbB3 and Her4/ErbB4) and 13 secreted polypeptide ligands. EGFRs are overexpressed in many solid tumors, including breast, pancreas, head-and-neck, prostate, ovarian, renal, colon, and non-small-cell lung cancer. Such overexpression produces strong stimulation of downstream signaling pathways, which induce cell growth, cell differentiation, cell cycle progression, angiogenesis, cell motility and blocking of apoptosis.The high expression and/or functional activation of EGFRs correlates with the pathogenesis and progression of several cancers, which make them attractive targets for both diagnosis and therapy. Several approaches have been developed to target these receptors and/or the EGFR modulated effects in cancer cells. Most approaches include the development of anti-EGFRs antibodies and/or small-molecule EGFR inhibitors. This review presents the state-of-the-art and future prospects of targeting EGFRs to treat breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Eleonora Maennling
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mehmet Kemal Tur
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Giessen, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Langhanssstr. 10, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Science, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Niebert
- Department of Molecular Cytology and Functional Genomics, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Giessen, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Langhanssstr. 10, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Torsten Klockenbring
- Department of Biological Sensing and Detection, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Zeppernick
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Gattenlöhner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Giessen, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Langhanssstr. 10, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ivo Meinhold-Heerlein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ahmad Fawzi Hussain
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-64199930570
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun J, Long Y, Peng X, Xiao D, Zhou J, Tao Y, Liu S. The survival analysis and oncogenic effects of CFP1 and 14-3-3 expression on gastric cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:225. [PMID: 31496919 PMCID: PMC6717331 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & aim Gastric cancer (GC) is the third-leading cause of cancer-related deaths. We established a prospective database of patients with GC who underwent surgical treatment. In this study, we explored the prognostic significance of the expression of CFP1 and 14-3-3 in gastric cancer, by studying the specimens collected from clinical subjects. Materials & methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of CFP1 and 14-3-3 in 84 GC subjects, including 73 patients who have undergone radical gastrectomy and 11 patients who have not undergone radical surgery. Survival analysis was performed by km-plot data. Results According to the survival analysis, we can see that the survival time of patients with high expression of CFP1 is lower than the patients with low expression in gastric cancer, while the effect of 14-3-3 is just the opposite. The survival time of patients with higher expression of 14-3-3 is also longer. Conclusion The CFP1 and 14-3-3 genes can be used as prognostic markers in patients with GC, but the study is still needed to confirm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Sun
- 1Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410078 China.,2NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 Hunan China.,3Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China.,5Department of Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
| | - Yao Long
- 1Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410078 China.,2NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 Hunan China.,3Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China.,4Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Peng
- 1Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410078 China.,2NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 Hunan China.,3Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China.,5Department of Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
| | - Desheng Xiao
- 3Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- 3Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
| | - Yongguang Tao
- 1Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410078 China.,2NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 Hunan China.,3Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China.,4Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- 1Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410078 China.,2NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 Hunan China.,3Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China.,5Department of Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hasan R, Bhatt D, Khan S, Khan V, Verma AK, Bharti PS, Anees A, Dev K. Frequency of I655V SNP of HER-2/ neu in colorectal cancer: a study from India. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:11. [PMID: 30622849 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1545-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the prognostic significance of I655V SNP (rs1136201) is a genetic one in HER-2 oncoprotein in cases of colorectal cancer (CRC). We conducted a case-control study analysing 83 subjects (naïve primary CRC cases) who underwent CRC biopsy/colectomy and included 57 healthy control subjects. Analysis of HER-2 polymorphism was done by PCR-RFLP technique. The mean age was found to be 55.9 years; median age was 56 years and mode age was 54 years with a range of 43 (30-73). Males constitute 63 (75.9%) and females constitute 20 (24.1%) of patient population. According to gradewise distribution, 12 (14.45%) patients were of Grade I, 53 (63.85%) of Grade II, and 18 (21.68%) were of Grade III. We found out that out of 83 patients, 52 (62.65%) were of homozygous wild type (A/A; Ile/Ile); 27 (32.53%) were of heterozygous type (A/G; Ile/Val) and 4 (4.81%) were of homozygous mutant type (G/G; Val/Val). Allelic frequency of Ile (A) was found out to be 0.79 and that of Val (G) is 0.21 and were not significantly different from the healthy control population. Fischer's exact p value obtained was 0.86.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rameez Hasan
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025 India
- 2Department of Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202001 India
| | - Deepti Bhatt
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Shahbaz Khan
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Vasiuddin Khan
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Amit Kumar Verma
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Prahalad Singh Bharti
- 3Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Afzal Anees
- 2Department of Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202001 India
| | - Kapil Dev
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025 India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Raj N, Verma D, Kumar A, Rai P, Rao RN. HER2 Oncogene Amplification and Immunohistochemical Profiling in Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Discoveries (Craiova) 2018; 6:e83. [PMID: 32309603 PMCID: PMC7086066 DOI: 10.15190/d.2018.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Gastric adenocarcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors and a major cause of cancer death worldwide, especially in developing countries. Her2/neu gene amplification and protein overexpression in breast cancer is a golden criterion for the targeted therapy with trastuzumab. However, the role of Her2 as a prognostic factor in gastric cancer is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of Her2 oncogene overexpression and concordance between the results for Her2 protein expression and gene amplification. Materials and Methods: A total of 65 retroprospective cases with gastric adenocarcinoma, including biopsy and resected specimens obtained between July 2015 to December 2017, were analyzed. Her2/neu expression was determined by Immuno-histochemistry (IHC). Equivocal and some selected cases were submitted for FISH to detect Her2/neu gene amplification. Results: In the present study, out of 65 patients of gastric adenocarcinoma, there were 50 males and 15 females, with mean age of 54.52 years. The majority of tumors were located within the antropyloric region. We found 27 (41.4%) positivity, scored as IHC 3+ and IHC 2+, and 38 (58.3%) negativity, scored as IHC 1+ and IHC 0. We also evidentiated a significant difference between Her2/neu expression with age (p=0.010) and depth of invasion (p=0.020).Her2/neu gene was amplified only in 13 cases, 4 cases were of Her2/neu (3+) positive, 11 cases (39.3%) Her2/neu (2+) with IHC staining. The concordance rate between the results of IHC and FISH in all 18 cases was 83.3%. Conclusion: IHC detection can be carried out to guide the treatment when FISH detection cannot be performed. Overexpression of Her 2/neu in gastric adenocarcinoma could potentially be used in selecting the patients who can get benefit from the anti-Her2/neu targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Raj
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Divya Verma
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Praveer Rai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Ram Nawal Rao
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
68Ga-labelled NOTA-RGD-GE11 peptide for dual integrin and EGFR-targeted tumour imaging. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 68-69:22-30. [PMID: 30578136 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple peptide receptors are co-expressed in many types of cancers. Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) and GE11 peptides specifically target integrin αVβ3 and EGFR, respectively. Recently, we designed and synthesized a heterodimer peptide NOTA-c(RGDyK)-GE11 (NOTA-RGD-GE11). The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of NOTA-RGD-GE11 for dual receptor imaging. METHODS NOTA-RGD-GE11 heterodimer was labelled with 68Ga. The dual receptor binding affinity was investigated by antibody competition binding assay. The in vitro and in vivo characteristics of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-RGD-GE11 were investigated and compared with that of monomeric peptides [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-RGD and [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-GE11. RESULTS NOTA-RGD-GE11 had binding affinities with both integrin αVβ3 and EGFR. The dual receptor targeting property of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-RGD-GE11 was validated by blocking studies in a NCI-H292 tumour model. [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-RGD-GE11 showed higher tumour uptake than [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-RGD and [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-GE11 in biodistribution and PET/CT imaging studies. CONCLUSION The dual receptor targeting and enhanced tumour uptake of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-RGD-GE11 warrant its further investigation for dual integrin αVβ3 and EGFR-targeted tumour imaging.
Collapse
|
13
|
An extended phase Ib study of epertinib, an orally active reversible dual EGFR/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with solid tumours. Eur J Cancer 2018; 103:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.07.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
14
|
Nadaf AS, Rani H, Dinesh US. Immuno-Histochemical Assessment of HER2NEU Expression in Gastric Adenocarcinoma in North Karnataka, India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:1381-1385. [PMID: 29802704 PMCID: PMC6031826 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.5.1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide and ranks fifth in India.
Surgical resection is curative in early stage gastric cancers. Most of the gastric cancers are diagnosed at an advanced
stage necessitating multimodality treatment strategies. Based on the ToGA trial, the international regulatory agencies
have recently approved trastuzumab in locally advanced and metastatic gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas
expressing HER2. Since there are limited studies from India and no published data available from this part of North
Karnataka, we undertook this study to evaluate the frequency of expression of HER2 in gastric and gastroesophageal
adenocarcinomas and to correlate it with various clinicopathological variables. Methodology: The study was conducted
in the Department of Pathology, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka from May 2012
to January 2016. The samples included both endoscopic biopsies and gastrectomies. Histopathological slides from 70
cases were reviewed. Immunohistochemical staining for HER2 was performed in all the cases and Hoffman’s gastric
cancer scoring system was employed. The results of HER2 expression was correlated with various clinicopathological
parameters. Results: HER2 positivity was seen in 16/70 cases (23%). 6 cases (8.5%) were equivocal and 48/70 cases
(68.5%) were HER2 negative. HER2 positivity was more common in GEJ cancers and intestinal type of adenocarcinoma.
However, it did not correlate with age, gender, grade and stage. Conclusion: HER2 positivity was noted in 23% of the
cases. 23.4% of intestinal type and 21.7% of diffuse type were HER2 positive. HER2 positivity did not significantly
depend on age, gender, tumour type, grade and stage. Hence, HER2 remains as an independent biomarker and should be
tested in all patients of gastric cancer regardless of the clinicopathological findings for offering a personalized treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asmanaz Saleem Nadaf
- Department of Pathology, SDM Medical College and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Szász AM, Lánczky A, Nagy Á, Förster S, Hark K, Green JE, Boussioutas A, Busuttil R, Szabó A, Győrffy B. Cross-validation of survival associated biomarkers in gastric cancer using transcriptomic data of 1,065 patients. Oncotarget 2018; 7:49322-49333. [PMID: 27384994 PMCID: PMC5226511 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 738] [Impact Index Per Article: 123.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multiple gene expression based prognostic biomarkers have been repeatedly identified in gastric carcinoma. However, without confirmation in an independent validation study, their clinical utility is limited. Our goal was to establish a robust database enabling the swift validation of previous and future gastric cancer survival biomarker candidates. Results The entire database incorporates 1,065 gastric carcinoma samples, gene expression data. Out of 29 established markers, higher expression of BECN1 (HR = 0.68, p = 1.5E-05), CASP3 (HR = 0.5, p = 6E-14), COX2 (HR = 0.72, p = 0.0013), CTGF (HR = 0.72, p = 0.00051), CTNNB1 (HR = 0.47, p = 4.3E-15), MET (HR = 0.63, p = 1.3E-05), and SIRT1 (HR = 0.64, p = 2.2E-07) correlated to longer OS. Higher expression of BIRC5 (HR = 1.45, p = 1E-04), CNTN1 (HR = 1.44, p = 3.5E- 05), EGFR (HR = 1.86, p = 8.5E-11), ERCC1 (HR = 1.36, p = 0.0012), HER2 (HR = 1.41, p = 0.00011), MMP2 (HR = 1.78, p = 2.6E-09), PFKB4 (HR = 1.56, p = 3.2E-07), SPHK1 (HR = 1.61, p = 3.1E-06), SP1 (HR = 1.45, p = 1.6E-05), TIMP1 (HR = 1.92, p = 2.2E- 10) and VEGF (HR = 1.53, p = 5.7E-06) were predictive for poor OS. MATERIALS AND METHODS We integrated samples of three major cancer research centers (Berlin, Bethesda and Melbourne datasets) and publicly available datasets with available follow-up data to form a single integrated database. Subsequently, we performed a literature search for prognostic markers in gastric carcinomas (PubMed, 2012–2015) and re-validated their findings predicting first progression (FP) and overall survival (OS) using uni- and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Conclusions The major advantage of our analysis is that we evaluated all genes in the same set of patients thereby making direct comparison of the markers feasible. The best performing genes include BIRC5, CASP3, CTNNB1, TIMP-1, MMP-2, SIRT, and VEGF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Marcell Szász
- MTA-TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.,2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Lánczky
- MTA-TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Nagy
- MTA-TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Susann Förster
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kim Hark
- Transgenic Oncogenesis and Genomics Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Green
- Transgenic Oncogenesis and Genomics Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alex Boussioutas
- Cancer Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rita Busuttil
- Cancer Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - András Szabó
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA-TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.,2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lopez A, Harada K, Mizrak Kaya D, Ajani JA. Current therapeutic landscape for advanced gastroesophageal cancers. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:78. [PMID: 29666801 PMCID: PMC5890037 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.10.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of advanced gastroesophageal cancers remains challenging for clinicians, patients, and caregivers alike. Despite considerable research, the therapeutic armamentarium is restricted and hardly personalized. In the first-line setting, trastuzumab with a fluoropyrimidine and platinum agent is the standard-of-care in patients with HER2-positive tumor. For the others, a platinum-based doublet (preferably with oxaliplatin) is recommended. Three-drug cytotoxic regimens should be reserved for exceptional cases where patients have good performance status. Triple combinations produce higher toxicity and provide marginal advantage. In the second line setting, the combination of paclitaxel and ramucirumab is preferred over all others. Currently, nothing is approved in the 3rd or later line. Nivolumab has resulted in an improved benefit in an Asian trial. Early trials of TAS-102, STAT3 inhibitors, anti-claudin 18.2 and other immune checkpoint inhibitors (alone or in combination) are ongoing. However, development of reproducible biomarkers for patient enrichment is critical for future progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Lopez
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Inserm U954, Nancy University Hospital, Lorraine University, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Kazuto Harada
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dilsa Mizrak Kaya
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaffer A. Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang X, Yao J, Guo K, Huang H, Huai S, Ye R, Niu B, Ji T, Han W, Li J. The functional mechanism of miR-125b in gastric cancer and its effect on the chemosensitivity of cisplatin. Oncotarget 2017; 9:2105-2119. [PMID: 29416757 PMCID: PMC5788625 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown drug resistance of gastric cancer cells could be modulated by abnormal expression of microRNAs. Cisplatin (DDP) is one of the most commonly used drugs for chemotherapy of gastric cancer. In this study, the potential function of miR-125b on DDP resistance in gastric cancer cells was investigated. Sixteen miRNAs significantly differential expressed in gastric tumor tissues and adjacent tissues were characterized and their corresponding putative target genes were also screened. MiR-125b was selected as our focus for its evident down-regulated expression among candidate genes. Real-time polymerase chain reaction assay indicated that miR-125b was significantly down-regulated in gastric cancer tissues and various cell lines. HER2 was identified as a target gene of miR-125b by dual luciferase reporter assay and Western blot. Moreover, miR-125b overexpression inhibited not only the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of HGC-27 and MGC-803 cells, but also in vivo tumor growth of MGC-803 cells by an intratumoral delivery approach. Notably, we observed up-regulated miR-125b contributed to the chemosensitivity of DDP in HGC-27 and MGC-803 cells at different concentrations and also possessed sensibilization for DDP at different times. MiR-125b expression was found to be related to lymph node metastasis, HER2 expression and overall survival of patients through correlation analysis. Collectively, these results indicate miR-125b may regulate DDP resistance as a promising therapeutic target for gastric cancer treatment in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yao
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 161th Hospital of PLA, Wuhan 430010, P.R. China
| | - Hu Huang
- Department of Oncology, The 161th Hospital of PLA, Wuhan 430010, P.R. China
| | - Siyuan Huai
- Department of Radiotherapy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Rui Ye
- Department of Radiotherapy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Beidaihe Sanatorium of Beijing Military Command, Qinhuangdao 066100, P.R. China
| | - Baolong Niu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Tiannan Ji
- Department of Radiotherapy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Jianxiong Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya 572000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Digital Image Analysis of HER2 Immunostained Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinomas. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2017; 25:320-328. [PMID: 27801737 PMCID: PMC5447782 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Manual assessment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in gastric and gastroesophageal junction (GGEJ) adenocarcinomas is prone to interobserver variability and hampered by tumor heterogeneity and different scoring criteria. Equivocal cases are frequent, requiring additional in situ hybridization analysis. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of digital image analysis for the assessment of HER2 protein expression. In total, 110 GGEJ adenocarcinomas were included in tissue microarrays with 3 tissue cores per case. Two immunoassays, PATHWAY and HercepTest, and fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis were performed. The Visiopharm HER2-CONNECT Analysis Protocol Package was applied through the ONCOtopix digital image analysis software platform. HER2 membrane connectivity, calculated by the Analysis Protocol Package, was converted to standard IHC scores applying predetermined cutoff values for breast carcinoma as well as novel cutoff values. Cases with excessive cytoplasmic staining as well as HER2 amplified IHC negative cases were excluded from analysis. Applying HER2-CONNECT with connectivity cutoff values established for breast carcinoma resulted in 72.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity for the identification of HER2 positive gene amplified cases. By application of new cutoff values, the sensitivity increased to 100% without decreased specificity. With the new cutoff values, a 36% to 50% reduction of IHC equivocal cases was obtained. In conclusion, HER2-CONNECT with adjusted cutoff values seem to be an effective tool for standardized assessment of HER2 protein expression in GGEJ adenocarcinomas, decreasing the need for in situ hybridization analyzes.
Collapse
|
19
|
A Tri-part Protein Complementation System Using Antibody-Small Peptide Fusions Enables Homogeneous Immunoassays. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8186. [PMID: 28811487 PMCID: PMC5557857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-fragment complementation is a valuable tool for monitoring protein interactions. In complementation assays, the reporter fragments are directly fused to the interacting proteins, eliminating the possibility of monitoring native interactions. In principle, complementation could be achieved by placing the reporter fragments on antibodies which bind to the proteins of interest, enabling the monitoring of endogenous protein interactions or detection of a single protein in a homogeneous immunoassay. Previous reports have demonstrated proof-of-concept of this approach; however, current complementation systems have not met the practical requirements as suitable fusion partners for antibodies while providing the sensitivity needed for immunoassays. To surmount these challenges, we created a first-in-class, tri-part split luciferase consisting of two 11-residue peptides that are used as the antibody appendages. As an initial proof-of-concept, we used antibody-peptide fusions and found them to be capable of quantifying pg/mL concentrations of soluble or cell-bound HER2, proving this unique complementation system overcomes previous limitations and transforms this approach from merely possible to practical and useful. As shown herein, this dual-peptide system provides a rapid, simple, and sensitive "add-and-read" homogeneous immunoassay platform that can be broadly adapted as an alternative to traditional immunoassays, and in the future should enable complementation to be expanded to monitoring endogenous protein interactions.
Collapse
|
20
|
Jørgensen JT, Nielsen KB, Kjærsgaard G, Jepsen A, Mollerup J. Gene Signal Distribution and HER2 Amplification in Gastroesophageal Cancer. J Cancer 2017; 8:1517-1524. [PMID: 28775770 PMCID: PMC5535706 DOI: 10.7150/jca.17878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: HER2 serves as an important therapeutic target in gastroesophageal cancer. Differences in HER2 gene signal distribution patterns can be observed at the tissue level, but how it influences the HER2 amplification status has not been studied so far. Here, we investigated the link between HER2 amplification and the different types of gene signal distribution. Methods: Tumor samples from 140 patients with gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma where analyzed using the HER2 IQFISH pharmDx™ assay. Specimens covered non-amplified and amplified cases with a preselected high proportion of HER2 amplified cases. Based on the HER2/CEN-17 ratio, specimens were categorized into amplified or non-amplified. The signal distribution patterns were divided into homogeneous, heterogeneous focal or heterogeneous mosaic. The study was conducted based on anonymized specimens with limited access to clinicopathological data. Results: Among the 140 analyzed specimens 83 had a heterogeneous HER2 signal distribution, with 62 being focal and 21 of the mosaic type. The remaining 57 specimens had a homogeneous signal distribution. HER2 amplification was observed in 63 of the 140 specimens, and nearly all (93.7%) were found among specimens with a heterogeneous focal signal distribution (p<0.0001). The mean HER2/CEN-17 ratio for the focal heterogeneous group was 8.75 (CI95%: 6.87 - 10.63), compared to 1.53 (CI95%: 1.45 - 1.61) and 1.70 (CI95%: 1.22 - 2.18) for the heterogeneous mosaic and homogeneous groups, respectively, (p<0.0001). Conclusions: A clear relationship between HER2 amplification and the focal heterogeneous signal distribution was demonstrated in tumor specimens from patients with gastroesophageal cancer. Furthermore, we raise the hypothesis that the signal distribution patterns observed with FISH might be related to different subpopulations of HER2 positive tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gitte Kjærsgaard
- Agilent Technologies, Produktionsvej 42, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Anna Jepsen
- Agilent Technologies, Produktionsvej 42, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Jens Mollerup
- Agilent Technologies, Produktionsvej 42, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pasini F, Fraccon AP, Modena Y, Bencivenga M, Giacopuzzi S, La Russa F, Gusella M, de Manzoni G. Targeted therapies for advanced and metastatic adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction: is there something new? Gastric Cancer 2017; 20:31-42. [PMID: 27568322 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-016-0626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in systemic chemotherapy (CT), the prognosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction remains poor. Over the years, new targeting agents have become available and were tested, with or without CT, in first or subsequent lines of therapy. The epidermal growth factor receptor family was targeted with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) (trastuzumab, cetuximab, panitumumab) and tyrosin kinase inhibitors (TKIs) (lapatinib, erlotinib, gefitinib). Only trastuzumab, in combination with cisplatin and fluoropyrimidines, significantly improved overall survival (OS) in first-line therapy (13.8 vs. 11.1 months). Angiogenesis also was targeted with MoAbs (bevacizumab and ramucirumab); ramucirumab, a vascular endothelial growth factor-receptor 2 antagonist, enhanced OS in two phase III studies in the first (9.6 vs. 7.4 months) and subsequent lines of treatment (5.2 vs. 3.8 months), while the bevacizumab study was negative. TKIs (sunitinib, sorafenib, regorafenib, apatinib) were tested in this setting in phase II studies in the second/third line, only showing modest antitumor activity. The hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) was targeted in untreated patients in a phase III trial with MoAb rilotumumab, with or without CT, but the study was stopped because of mortality excess in the rilotumumab arm. Mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR) pathway inhibition with everolimus was tested in pretreated patients in a placebo-controlled phase III trial who failed to improve OS (5.4 vs. 4.3 months). In conclusion, considering the modest survival gain obtained overall, the high cost of these therapies and the quality of life issue must be primarily considered in treating these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felice Pasini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Viale Tre Martiri, 140-45100, Rovigo, Italy.
| | - Anna Paola Fraccon
- Medical Oncology Unit, Casa di Cura Pederzoli, Peschiera del Garda, Verona, Italy
| | - Yasmina Modena
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Viale Tre Martiri, 140-45100, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Maria Bencivenga
- General and Upper GI Surgery Division, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Simone Giacopuzzi
- General and Upper GI Surgery Division, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca La Russa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Viale Tre Martiri, 140-45100, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Milena Gusella
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Viale Tre Martiri, 140-45100, Rovigo, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Moghaddas A, Borhani A. Whether HER2-positive non-breast cancers are candidates for treatment with Ado-trastuzumab emtansine? J Res Pharm Pract 2016; 5:227-233. [PMID: 27843957 PMCID: PMC5084478 DOI: 10.4103/2279-042x.192458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) has recommended Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) as a preferred agent for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer and prior trastuzumab therapy. Overexpression of HER2 was reported in other cancer types such as bladder, gastric and urogenital carcinosarcomas similar to what is discovered in breast cancer. Some preclinical studies demonstrated the potential anti-tumor effects of T-DM1 in HER2-positive non-breast cancers. There is a paucity of data over the clinical evaluation of T-DM1 in human studies of non-breast cancer patients. We review some preclinical and ongoing clinical studies that assessed the efficacy of T-DM1 administration in the treatment of non-breast HER2 positive malignancies. Performing large and well-designed trials in this area is matter of interest and highly recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Moghaddas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Borhani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Even when diagnosed as a localized disease and resected with the intent to cure, recurrences frequently arise due to undetected or invisible micrometastases. Importantly, several proposed multimodal strategies to eliminate micrometastases have met some clinical success. However, while pivotal Phase III clinical trials comparing adjuvant therapies with surgery alone have confirmed the overall benefit of adjunctive treatments in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer, further improvement in postoperative outcomes is required, particularly in stage III disease. This review presents the current status of multimodal treatment strategies, with a particular focus on unresolved issues, based on updated literature searches and analysis of clinical trial databases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuro Kanda
- a 1 Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- a 1 Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Junichi Sakamoto
- b 2 Tokai Central Hospital, 4-6-2 Sohara Higashijima-cho, Kakamigahara, Gifu 504-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pyszniak M, Tabarkiewicz J, Łuszczki JJ. Endocannabinoid system as a regulator of tumor cell malignancy - biological pathways and clinical significance. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:4323-36. [PMID: 27486335 PMCID: PMC4958360 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s106944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) comprises cannabinoid receptors (CBs), endogenous cannabinoids, and enzymes responsible for their synthesis, transport, and degradation of (endo)cannabinoids. To date, two CBs, CB1 and CB2, have been characterized; however, orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR55 has been suggested to be the third putative CB. Several different types of cancer present abnormal expression of CBs, as well as other components of ECS, and this has been shown to correlate with the clinical outcome. Although most effects of (endo)cannabinoids are mediated through stimulation of classical CBs, they also interact with several molecules, either prosurvival or proapoptotic molecules. It should be noted that the mode of action of exogenous cannabinoids differs significantly from that of endocannabinoid and results from the studies on their activity both in vivo and in vitro could not be easily compared. This review highlights the main signaling pathways involved in the antitumor activity of cannabinoids and the influence of their activation on cancer cell biology. We also discuss changes in the expression pattern of the ECS in various cancer types that have an impact on disease progression and patient survival. A growing amount of experimental data imply possible exploitation of cannabinoids in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pyszniak
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa
| | - Jacek Tabarkiewicz
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów
| | - Jarogniew J Łuszczki
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin; Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Medicine, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Takahashi N, Furuta K, Taniguchi H, Sasaki Y, Shoji H, Honma Y, Iwasa S, Okita N, Takashima A, Kato K, Hamaguchi T, Shimada Y, Yamada Y. Serum level of hepatocyte growth factor is a novel marker of predicting the outcome and resistance to the treatment with trastuzumab in HER2-positive patients with metastatic gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4925-38. [PMID: 26716644 PMCID: PMC4826254 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2-overexpression in tumor tissue is observed in 6 to 23% of advanced gastric cancer (GC) cases, and trastuzumab is an active molecular drug for these patients. There are no data available on whether serum levels of ligands are associated with the response and resistance to trastuzumab in HER2-positive patients with metastatic GC. HER2 screening of 502 patients with advanced gastric cancer was performed in our institution. Among these patients, 84 patients (16.8%) were diagnosed as HER2-positive, and those who were treated with trastuzumab and met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the present study. Serum levels of ligands that affect the HER2 signal pathway were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Forty-six HER2-positive patients were enrolled in this study, and 26 patients (56.5%) achieved a partial response to treatment with trastuzumab. Among several ligands, the serum level of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was significantly lower in responders compared with that in non-responders (p = 0.014). Multivariate analyses showed that a high level of serum HGF was a poor prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) compared with low levels of HGF (adjusted HR: 3.857, 95% CI: 1.309-11.361, p = 0.014). Among 25 patients without initial disease progression on the treatment with trastuzumab, the mean value of serum HGF at disease progression was significantly higher than that at pre-treatment (p = 0.041). As novel findings, our study indicated that serum level of HGF was associated with tumor shrinkage and time to progression of trastuzumab in HER2-positive patients with metastatic GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takahashi
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Koh Furuta
- Division of Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Taniguchi
- Division of Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sasaki
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Shoji
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Honma
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Satoru Iwasa
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Natsuko Okita
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Atsuo Takashima
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Ken Kato
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hamaguchi
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shimada
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Kochi Health Sciences Center, 2125-1 Ike, Koch-city, Koch, 781–8555, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Yamada
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Coccolini F, Montori G, Ceresoli M, Cima S, Valli MC, Nita GE, Heyer A, Catena F, Ansaloni L. Advanced gastric cancer: What we know and what we still have to learn. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:1139-1159. [PMID: 26811653 PMCID: PMC4716026 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i3.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a common neoplastic disease and, more precisely, is the third leading cause of cancer death in the world, with differences amongst geographic areas. The definition of advanced gastric cancer is still debated. Different stadiating systems lead to slightly different stadiation of the disease, thus leading to variations between the single countries in the treatment and outcomes. In the present review all the possibilities of treatment for advanced gastric cancer have been analyzed. Surgery, the cornerstone of treatment for advanced gastric cancer, is analyzed first, followed by an investigation of the different forms and drugs of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. New frontiers in treatment suggest the growing consideration for intraperitoneal administration of chemotherapeutics and combination of traditional drugs with new ones. Moreover, the necessity to prevent the relapse of the disease leads to the consideration of administering intraperitoneal chemotherapy earlier in the therapeutical algorithm.
Collapse
|
27
|
Saito M, Yamashita K, Arimura Y, Kaneto H, Okuda H, Nojima M, Hagiwara T, Suzuki K, Adachi T, Goto A, Nakachi K, Yawata A, Yoshimoto M, Tanuma T, Adachi Y, Yamaoka S, Mizukoshi T, Kawayama M, Hamamoto Y, Shinomura Y. Serum HER2 as an adjunct to assess HER2 status for advanced gastric cancer: A prospective multicenter trial (SHERLOCK). Acta Oncol 2016; 55:309-17. [PMID: 26757197 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2015.1107189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intratumoral human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) heterogeneity of gastric cancer can be an obstacle to accurate HER2 assessment. Serum HER2, concentrations of the HER2 extracellular domain shed into the bloodstream, has a potential to compensate HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) but has not been scrutinized in gastric cancer. This study sought to explore the clinical utility of serum HER2 in gastric cancer. METHODS We performed a prospective multicenter trial (SHERLOCK trial) involving patients with all-stage gastric or gastro-esophageal junction cancer. Serum HER2 was measured using direct chemiluminescence while tissue HER2 status was determined using IHC and fluorescent in situ hybridization. For stage IV cases, concordance between local and central laboratories in tissue HER2 assessment was also evaluated. RESULTS Of 224 patients enrolled, both tissue HER2 status and serum HER2 levels were successfully determined in 212 patients and 21% (45/212) were tissue HER2-positive. Serum HER2 levels, ranged from 4.5 to 148.0 ng/ml (median 10.3), correlated with tissue HER2 status (p = 0.003). At a cut-off level of 28.0 ng/ml determined by receiver operating characteristics analysis, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of serum HER2 were 22.6%, 100%, 100% and 82.3%, respectively. All nine cases with elevated serum HER2 were tissue HER2-positive stage IV cases. Among 61 stage IV cases, the agreement rate for IHC scoring between the local and the central laboratories was 82% and tissue HER2 judgment was conflicting in five (8.2%) cases. Of these five cases, four were confirmed as false-negative and two of these four patients demonstrated elevated serum HER2. CONCLUSIONS Serum HER2 levels correlated with tissue HER2 status in gastric cancer. Although the low sensitivity is a drawback, serum HER2 might be a useful adjunct tool to detect tissue HER2 false-negative gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Arimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kaneto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Muroran City General Hospital, Muroran, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okuda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Keiyukai Sapporo Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masanori Nojima
- Center for Translational Research, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hagiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sapporo-Kosei General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kushiro City General Hospital, Kushiro, Japan
| | - Takeya Adachi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Otaru Municipal Hospital, Otaru, Japan
| | - Akira Goto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Otaru Municipal Hospital, Otaru, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakachi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Obihiro Kyokai Hospital, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yawata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hakodate Goryoukaku Hospital, Hakodate, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Yoshimoto
- Department of Hematology and Gastroenterology, Tenshi Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tokuma Tanuma
- Center for Gastroenterology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Adachi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Sapporo Shirakaba-dai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaoka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Sapporo Satozuka Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Mariko Kawayama
- Division of Gastroenterology, JR Sapporo Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Hamamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Shinomura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhu M, Yao X, Wu M, Qian H, Wu Y, Chen Y. Type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase directly inhibits HER2 activation of gastric cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1909-13. [PMID: 26676300 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that type II cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG II) inhibited epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced phosphorylation/activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Since human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) has a similar molecular structure to EGFR, the present study was designed to investigate whether PKG II also inhibits HER2 activation. The human gastric cancer cell line HGC‑27 was infected with an adenoviral construct encoding cDNA of PKG II (Ad‑PKG II) to increase the expression of PKG II and treated with 8‑(4‑chlorophenylthio)guanosine‑3',5'‑cyclic monophosphate (8‑pCPT‑cGMP) to activate the kinase. Western blotting was performed to detect the tyrosine and serine/threonine phosphorylation of HER2. Co‑immunoprecipitation was performed in order to determine the binding between PKG II and HER2. In addition, a QuikChange Lightning Site‑Directed Mutagenesis kit was used to mutate threonine 686 of HER2 to glutamic acid or alanine. The results demonstrated that EGF treatment increased the tyrosine phosphorylation (activation) of HER2. Increasing the PKG II activity of HGC‑27 cells through infection with Ad‑PKG II and stimulation with 8‑pCPT‑cGMP inhibited the EGF‑induced tyrosine phosphorylation/activation of HER2. PKG II bound directly with HER2 and caused phosphorylation of threonine 686. When threonine 686 of HER2 was mutated to alanine, which could not be phosphorylated by PKG II, the inhibitory effect of PKG II on the activation of HER2 was eradicated. When threonine 686 of HER2 was mutated to glutamic acid, which mimicked the phosphorylation of this site, treatment with EGF had no stimulating effect on tyrosine phosphorylation/activation of the mutant HER2. The results suggested that PKG II inhibits EGF‑induced activation of HER2 through binding with and causing threonine 686 phosphorylation of this oncogenic protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaolin Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Yao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Hai Qian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Yongchang Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Surgery combined with multimodal therapy remains the only curative therapy. However, local relapse or distant metastases occur in more than 50% of radically resected patients. Due to molecular therapies, targeting HER2 and angiogenesis, major advances in the treatment of gastric cancer could be achieved. Nevertheless, development of resistance to monoclonal antibodies, such as trastuzumab, is arising. Currently a number of promising new therapeutic are under investigation, combining chemotherapy with newly developed agents to overcome cancer resistance. In this review we report current clinical applications of targeted therapies and overview ongoing trials, investigating the use of monoclonal antibodies in (HER2 positive) gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Jomrich
- a Department of Surgery, Gastroesophageal Tumor Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - S F Schoppmann
- a Department of Surgery, Gastroesophageal Tumor Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yu HM, Chen JH, Lin KL, Lin WJ. Synthesis of68Ga-labeled NOTA-RGD-GE11 heterodimeric peptide for dual integrin and epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted tumor imaging. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2015; 58:299-303. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Man Yu
- Isotope Application Division; Institute of Nuclear Energy Research; Longtan District Taoyuan City Taiwan
| | - Jyun-Hong Chen
- Isotope Application Division; Institute of Nuclear Energy Research; Longtan District Taoyuan City Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan City Taiwan
| | - Kun-Liang Lin
- Isotope Application Division; Institute of Nuclear Energy Research; Longtan District Taoyuan City Taiwan
| | - Wuu-Jyh Lin
- Isotope Application Division; Institute of Nuclear Energy Research; Longtan District Taoyuan City Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Thiel A, Ristimäki A. Targeted therapy in gastric cancer. APMIS 2015; 123:365-72. [PMID: 25706252 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Although chemotherapy prolongs survival and improves quality of life, the survival of gastric cancer patients with advanced disease is short. Thanks to recent insights into the molecular pathways involved in gastric carcinogenesis, new targeted treatment options have become available for gastric cancer patients. Trastuzumab, an antibody targeted to HER-2, was shown to improve survival of advanced gastric cancer patients harboring HER-2 overexpression due to gene amplification in their tumor cells, and is currently also explored in adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings. Another agent with promising results in clinical trials is ramucirumab, an antibody targeting VEGFR-2. No clear survival benefit, however, were experienced with agents targeting EGFR (cetuximab, panitumumab), VEGF-A (bevacizumab), or mTOR (everolimus). Drugs targeting c-MET/HGF are currently under investigation in biomarker-selected cohorts, with promising results in early clinical trials. This review will summarize the current status of targeted treatment options in gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Thiel
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB and Haartman Institute, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Matsuoka T, Yashiro M. Recent advances in the HER2 targeted therapy of gastric cancer. World J Clin Cases 2015; 3:42-51. [PMID: 25610849 PMCID: PMC4295218 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v3.i1.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in molecular targeted therapies, including targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), had a major forward step in the therapy for gastric cancer patients. Application of HER2-targeted therapies, in particular trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy in metastatic HER2-positive gastric cancers, resulted in improvements in response rates, time to progression and overall survival. Nevertheless, as with breast cancer, many patients with gastric cancer develop resistance to trastuzumab. Several promising therapies are currently being developed in combination with chemotherapy to increase the efficacy and overcome the cancer-resistance. Here we review the current overview of clinical application of agents targeting HER2 in gastric cancer. We also discuss the ongoing trials supporting the use of HER2-targeted agents combined with cytotoxic agents or other monoclonal antibodies.
Collapse
|
33
|
Desautels D, Harlos C, Czaykowski P. The advent of precision therapy in gastrointestinal malignancies: Targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor family in colorectal and esophagogastric cancer. J Carcinog 2014; 13:13. [PMID: 25525412 PMCID: PMC4258725 DOI: 10.4103/1477-3163.145609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, systemic therapy for gastrointestinal malignancies was restricted to relatively noncancer-specific cytotoxic chemotherapy. Over the last 15 years targeted therapies have become available, most notably bevacizumab in the case of advanced colorectal cancer. Unfortunately, there are no predictive biomarkers to guide the use of this agent. In this review article, we describe the advent of “Precision Medicine” (in part, the use of patient-specific molecular markers to inform treatment) in gastrointestinal cancers: The use of monoclonal antibodies targeting epidermal growth factor receptor in advanced colorectal cancer, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-neu in advanced esophagogastric cancer. In both instances, biomarkers help in selecting appropriate patients for such treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Desautels
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Craig Harlos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Piotr Czaykowski
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada ; Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Roskoski R. ErbB/HER protein-tyrosine kinases: Structures and small molecule inhibitors. Pharmacol Res 2014; 87:42-59. [PMID: 24928736 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family consists of four members that belong to the ErbB lineage of proteins (ErbB1-4). These receptors consist of an extracellular domain, a single hydrophobic transmembrane segment, and an intracellular portion with a juxtamembrane segment, a protein kinase domain, and a carboxyterminal tail. The ErbB proteins function as homo and heterodimers. Growth factor binding to EGFR induces a large conformational change in the extracellular domain. Two ligand-EGFR complexes unite to form a back-to-back dimer in which the ligands are on opposite sides of the aggregate. Following ligand binding, EGFR intracellular kinase domains form an asymmetric dimer. The carboxyterminal lobe of the activator kinase of the dimer interacts with the amino-terminal lobe of the receiver kinase thereby leading to its allosteric stimulation. Several malignancies are associated with the mutation or increased expression of members of the ErbB family including lung, breast, stomach, colorectal, head and neck, and pancreatic carcinomas. Gefitinib, erlotinib, and afatinib are orally effective protein-kinase targeted quinazoline derivatives that are used in the treatment of ERBB1-mutant lung cancer and lapatinib is an orally effective quinazoline derivative used in the treatment of ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer. Moreover, monoclonal antibodies that target the extracellular domain of ErbB2 are used for the treatment of ErbB2-positive breast cancer and monoclonal antibodies that target ErbB1 and are used for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Cancers treated with these targeted drugs eventually become resistant to them, and a current goal of research is to develop drugs that are effective against drug-resistant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roskoski
- Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research, 3754 Brevard Road, Suite 116, Box 19, Horse Shoe, NC 28742, USA.
| |
Collapse
|